CN111010908A

CN111010908A - Pneumatic ridging and sowing integrated machine

Info

Publication number: CN111010908A
Application number: CN201911390440.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王方艳
Original assignee: Qingdao Agricultural University
Current assignee: Qingdao Agricultural University
Priority date: 2019-12-30
Filing date: 2019-12-30
Publication date: 2020-04-17
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-30
Also published as: CN111010908B

Abstract

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a pneumatic ridging and seeding integrated machine. Including frame, ridging shaping device and two seeding monomer assemblies, ridging shaping device includes central pivot, sets up two ridging section of thick bamboos and motor in central pivot, motor and central pivot fixed connection, a ridging section of thick bamboo includes inner tube, urceolus and plastic dish, and the inner tube is located the inboard of urceolus, is eccentric settings between inner tube and the urceolus, is equipped with annular cavity between urceolus and the inner tube, and the clearance between the bottom of inner tube and the urceolus is minimum, and the annular surface of urceolus is the grid form, and the inner tube is fixed in central pivot, and the both ends of urceolus are fixed with the shaping dish respectively, and the shaping dish is the round platform shape, is equipped with several rectangular shape hole along the annular surface of shaping dish, is equipped with the bearing between urceolus. The soil block breaking device is simple in structure and convenient to operate, the breaking and the situation of large soil blocks are realized, the consistency of the ditching depth is ensured, and the seeding efficiency is improved.

Description

Pneumatic ridging and sowing integrated machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a pneumatic ridging and seeding integrated machine.

Background

China has wide territory, various environments, conditions, planting modes and the like for crop production, and has obvious differences in south and north. The northern area is represented as dry land operation, and takes seeding a specified amount of seeds into soil as a main planting means, and the used machine is a seeding machine, so that the moisture and the temperature in the soil can be fully utilized to ensure the emergence and the growth of seedlings.

However, in the actual sowing process, large clods are usually found in the soil, and the sowing effect of the seeds is affected by the large clods in the soil, so that the large clods are generally crushed. At present, the crushing of the big clods is usually completed manually, or the clods are crushed by a specific crushing device, so that a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed, and the sowing efficiency is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a pneumatic ridging and seeding all-in-one machine which is simple in structure and convenient to operate, realizes the crushing and the situation of large soil blocks, ensures the consistency of the ditching depth and improves the seeding efficiency.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a pneumatic ridging and seeding integrated machine comprises a frame, a ridging and shaping device and two seeding single assemblies, wherein the ridging and shaping device and the two seeding single assemblies are arranged on the frame, the ridging and shaping device is arranged at the lower part of the frame, the two seeding single assemblies are connected with the rear part of the frame, wherein,

the ridging and shaping device comprises a central rotating shaft, two ridging barrels and a motor, wherein the two ridging barrels and the motor are arranged on the central rotating shaft, the motor is fixedly connected with the central rotating shaft, each ridging barrel comprises an inner barrel, an outer barrel and a shaping disc, the inner barrel is positioned on the inner side of the outer barrel, the inner barrel and the outer barrel are eccentrically arranged, an annular cavity is arranged between the outer barrel and the inner barrel, a gap between the bottom of the inner barrel and the outer barrel is minimum, the annular surface of the outer barrel is in a grid shape, the inner barrel is fixed on the central rotating shaft, shaping discs are respectively fixed at two ends of the outer barrel, each shaping disc is in a circular table shape, a plurality of long strip-shaped holes are formed in;

all be equipped with seeder and furrow opener on every seeding monomer assembly, seeder's the place ahead is equipped with the furrow opener, and the furrow opener is located the bottom of seeding monomer assembly, and the front end of depth stop plate is connected with the frame of seeding monomer assembly, and the rear end of depth stop plate is the level form, and its rear end is equipped with several rectangular shape hole, and the ditching shovel setting of furrow opener is downthehole at rectangular shape.

The seeding device comprises a seed metering device and a seed separating device, wherein the seed separating device is connected with a seed feeding port at the bottom of the seed metering device, a plurality of seed scraping plates made of brass are arranged in the seed metering device, an air inlet blocking piece is arranged at an air inlet of the seed metering device, an air vent is arranged on the side wall of a seed metering cavity in the seed metering device, a seed dropping cavity connected with the seed feeding port at the bottom of the seed metering device is arranged at the upper part of the seed separating device, two independent seed dropping pipes are arranged at the bottom of the seed dropping cavity, the two seed dropping pipes are respectively positioned in front of two ridging cylinders in the ridging.

The afterbody of seeding monomer assembly is equipped with the press wheel, and press wheel 11 includes outer roller 1101 and interior roller 1103, and interior roller 1103 is fixed on the center pin of press wheel 11, and outer roller 1101 is located the outside of interior roller 1103, is connected through several spring 1102 between outer roller 1101 and the interior roller 1103, and the spring sets up along the circumferencial direction interval. .

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the ridging and leveling device not only has the functions of ridging the soil and shaping the ridged soil, but also can cut and level large soil blocks in the ridging process, so that the ridging effect of the soil is ensured;

(2) the seed sowing device can prevent the adhesion of seeds in the seed sowing process, and the low-speed equipotential descending of the seeds is realized through the seed divider;

(3) by arranging the depth limiting plate, the ditching depth of the ditcher is ensured to be consistent.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a seeding monomer assembly;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the seed meter configuration;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a seed divider;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the air inlet of the seed meter;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the ridging and shaping device;

FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 6;

figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the press wheel.

In the figure: 1, a seeding device; 2, a ridging and shaping device; 3, covering soil plates; 4, a depth limiting plate; 5, a furrow opener; 6, a seed sowing device; 601, scraping a plate; 602 a vent hole; 603 air inlet baffle plate; 7, dividing the seeds into seeds; 8, a central rotating shaft; 9, forming a ridge cylinder; 901 an inner cylinder; 902, an outer cylinder; 904 shaping the disc; 10, a motor; 11 a press wheel; 1101 an outer roller; 1102 springs; 1103 inner roller; 12 blower fan.

Detailed Description

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.

In the following description, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The invention can be implemented in a number of ways different from those described herein and similar generalizations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

As shown in figure 1, the pneumatic ridging and seeding all-in-one machine comprises a frame, a ridging and shaping device 2 and two seeding single body assemblies, wherein the ridging and shaping device 2 and the two seeding single body assemblies are arranged on the frame, the seeding single body assemblies are positioned behind the ridging device 2, the ridging and shaping device 2 is arranged at the lower part of the frame, and the two seeding single body assemblies are connected with the rear part of the frame. The seeder is used in combination with a tractor.

As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the ridging and shaping device 2 includes a central rotating shaft 8, two ridging cylinders 9 disposed on the central rotating shaft 8, and a motor 10, wherein the motor 10 may be disposed between the two ridging cylinders 9, and the motor 10 acts to drive the central rotating shaft 8 to rotate. The ridging cylinder 9 comprises an inner cylinder 901, an outer cylinder 902 and a shaping disc 904, wherein the inner cylinder 901 is positioned at the inner side of the outer cylinder 902, the inner cylinder 901 and the outer cylinder 902 are eccentrically arranged, an annular cavity is arranged between the outer cylinder 902 and the inner cylinder 901, and a gap between the bottom of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder is minimum. The annular surface of the outer barrel 902 is in the form of a grid. The inner cylinder 901 is fixed on the central rotating shaft 8, the two ends of the outer cylinder 902 are respectively fixed with a shaping disc 904, the shaping disc 904 is in a circular truncated cone shape, and a plurality of strip-shaped holes are formed in the annular surface of the shaping disc. A bearing is arranged between the outer cylinder 902 and the central rotating shaft 8. When the pneumatic ridging and seeding integrated machine is pulled by a tractor to move, the motor 10 acts, the motor 10 drives the central rotating shaft 8 to rotate, so that the inner cylinder 901 is driven to rotate, the outer cylinder 902 is driven to rotate along with the whole device under the pulling action of the tractor, and the rotating speeds of the inner cylinder 901 and the outer cylinder 902 are different. In the ridging process, the large soil blocks pass through grid holes in the outer barrel 902 and enter between the inner barrel and the outer barrel, the inner barrel rotates along with the central rotating shaft 8, the outer barrel rotates passively along with the whole device, the large soil blocks between the outer barrel and the inner barrel are pressed and ground by utilizing different rotating speeds of the inner barrel and the outer barrel, and therefore the large soil blocks in the annular cavity between the inner barrel and the outer barrel are cut up and leveled.

As shown in fig. 2, each seeding unit assembly is provided with a seeding device 1, a furrow opener 5, a soil covering plate 3 and a press wheel 11, and the soil covering device 3 is positioned at the tail part of the seeding unit assembly. The seeding device comprises a seeding apparatus 6 and a seed separating apparatus 7, wherein the seed separating apparatus 7 is connected with a seed feeding port at the bottom of the seeding apparatus 6. When the seeder works, a high-speed fan 12 generates negative pressure to be transmitted to the vacuum chamber of the seed sowing device 6. The seed metering device 6 comprises a seed metering disc and a plurality of seed scraping plates 601, a plurality of seed sucking holes are arranged on the seed metering disc along the circumferential direction of the seed metering disc, and when the seed metering disc rotates, seeds are sucked under the action of negative pressure of a vacuum chamber and rotate along with the seed metering disc. When the seeds are transferred out of the vacuum chamber, the seeds do not bear negative pressure, and fall into the ditch through the seed divider 7 by means of self weight or under the action of the seed scraper, so that single-seed precision sowing is realized.

The working process of the seed sowing device sequentially passes through three sections of seed filling, seed carrying and seed sowing. The seed suction section refers to the process that the seed sowing device sucks seeds on a seed hole by means of negative pressure; the seed carrying section refers to a process that seeds adsorbed on a seed hole rotate to the seeding section through a certain angle along with the seeding plate under the action of self gravity, centrifugal inertia force, friction force, negative pressure suction force and the like; the negative pressure of the seed metering section disappears, and when the seeds are transferred to the seed throwing port, the seeds fall into the seed guiding device under the action of the gravity or the seed scraping device to finish the seed unloading process. The seed-metering section ideally feeds seeds under zero pressure and falls into the seed-guiding device under the action of the self gravity of the seeds.

As shown in FIG. 3, a vent hole 602 is provided at the seed metering device shell of the seed metering section, and the vent hole 602 is communicated with the outside to ensure zero-pressure seed feeding. The seed carrying section is provided with a plurality of seed scraping plates 601 which are used for scraping the redundant seeds adsorbed by the suction holes to reduce the reseeding rate. The seed scraping device at the seed throwing opening is used for scraping seeds which do not fall off under the action of self gravity on the seed hole, so that the miss-seeding rate is reduced. The seed scraping plates are all made of brass, static charges generated by friction can be eliminated, and adhesion of seeds is avoided. As shown in figure 5, the upper part of the seed separator 7 is provided with a seed dropping cavity connected with a seed feeding port at the bottom of the seed sowing device 6, the bottom of the seed dropping cavity is provided with two independent seed dropping pipes, the double-row simultaneous sowing is realized, and the seed dropping pipes are internally provided with arc-shaped slideways. The seed separator is used for separating the seeds to realize one-time double-row sowing, and the seeds fall at low speed and the like by means of the curved surface slide way. As shown in fig. 4, an air inlet blocking piece 603 is arranged at an air inlet in the cavity of the seed metering device, so that the effect of gentle air flow is achieved, and the phenomenon that a single suction hole adsorbs multiple seeds and rebroadcasting occurs due to overlarge local air flow is avoided.

The front of the seeding device 1 is provided with a furrow opener 5, the furrow opener 5 is positioned at the bottom of the seeding single assembly and is used for opening a seed ditch and guiding seeds to enter the seed ditch. Near furrow opener 5 is equipped with depth stop plate 4, and depth stop plate 4's front end is the arc to be connected with the frame of seeding monomer assembly, depth stop plate 4's rear end is the level form, and its rear end is equipped with several rectangular shape hole, and furrow opener 5's ditching shovel sets up in rectangular shape downthehole, and depth stop plate 4 can make the ground after the ditching remain the level all the time, and guarantees that the ditching degree of depth is unanimous. The rear of the furrow opener 5 is provided with a soil covering plate 3 which can cover the wet soil on the seeds in time. The tail part of the seeding monomer assembly is provided with a press wheel 11, and the press wheel 11 can compress soil to ensure that seeds are tightly contacted with wet soil.

As shown in fig. 8, the press wheel 11 includes an outer roller 1101 and an inner roller 1103, the inner roller 1103 is fixed on a central axis of the press wheel 11, the outer roller 1101 is located outside the inner roller 1103, the outer roller 1101 and the inner roller 1103 are connected by a plurality of springs 1102, and the springs are arranged at intervals in a circumferential direction. Because the outer roller 1101 is arranged in a floating manner, the outer roller vibrates during walking, so that clay can be effectively avoided, and seeds sowed can be prevented from being taken up.

The working process of the invention is as follows: under the drive effect of tractor, drive whole seeder and move forward, in the motion process, ridging shaping device 2 carries out the ridging plastic to the farmland to can carry out comminution and flattening to big clod. The seed ditches are opened through the ditcher 5, seeds are guided into the seed ditches, and the ditching depth is ensured to be consistent through the depth limiting plate 4 in the ditching process. The seeds are precisely sowed to the seed throwing opening through the seed sowing device 6, fall into the ditch through the seed sowing device 7, and finally are covered in the soil through the soil covering wheel 301.

The pneumatic ridging and sowing integrated machine provided by the invention is described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a pneumatic ridging seeding all-in-one, includes frame, ridging shaping device (2) and two seeding monomer assemblies, and ridging shaping device (2) and two seeding monomer assemblies all set up in the frame, and ridging shaping device (2) set up in the lower part of frame, and two seeding monomer assemblies are connected its characterized in that with the rear portion of frame:

the ridging and shaping device (2) comprises a central rotating shaft (8), two ridging cylinders (9) and a motor (10), wherein the two ridging cylinders (9) and the motor (10) are arranged on the central rotating shaft (8), the motor (10) is fixedly connected with the central rotating shaft (8), the ridging cylinder (9) comprises an inner cylinder (901), an outer cylinder (902) and a shaping disc (904), wherein the inner cylinder (901) is positioned on the inner side of the outer cylinder (902), the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are eccentrically arranged, an annular cavity is arranged between the outer cylinder (902) and the inner cylinder (901), the gap between the bottom of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder is minimum, the annular surface of the outer cylinder (902) is in a grid shape, the inner cylinder (901) is fixed on a central rotating shaft (8), shaping discs (904) are respectively fixed at two ends of the outer cylinder (902), the shaping disc (904) is in a circular truncated cone shape, a plurality of strip-shaped holes are formed in the annular surface of each shaping disc, and a bearing (903) is arranged between the outer cylinder (902) and the central rotating shaft;

all be equipped with seeder (1) and furrow opener (5) on every seeding monomer assembly, the place ahead of seeder (1) is equipped with furrow opener (5), earthing device (3) are located the afterbody of seeding monomer assembly, furrow opener (5) are located the bottom of seeding monomer assembly, the front end and the frame of seeding monomer assembly of depth stop board (4) are connected, the rear end of depth stop board (4) is the level form, its rear end is equipped with the long strip shape hole of several, the ditching shovel setting of furrow opener (5) is downthehole at rectangular shape.

2. The pneumatic ridging and seeding all-in-one machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: seeding apparatus (1) is including seed metering ware (6) and seed separating ware (7), seed separating ware (7) are connected with the mouth of throwing of seed metering ware (6) bottom, be equipped with seed scraping board (601) that the several was made by brass in seed metering ware (6), the air inlet department of seed metering ware is equipped with air inlet separation blade (603), the lateral wall in seed metering ware (6) interior seed metering chamber is equipped with air vent (602), the upper portion of seed separating ware (7) is equipped with the seed falling chamber of being connected with the mouth of throwing of seed metering ware (6) bottom, the bottom in seed falling chamber is equipped with two independent seed falling pipes, two seed falling pipes are located the place ahead of two ridging section of thick bamboo in ridging shaping device (2) respectively, the intraductal arc slide.

3. The pneumatic ridging and seeding all-in-one machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the afterbody of seeding monomer assembly is equipped with press wheel (11), and press wheel (11) are including outer roller (1101) and interior roller (1103), and interior roller (1103) are fixed on the center pin of press wheel (11), and outer roller (1101) are located the outside of interior roller (1103), are connected through several spring (1102) between outer roller (1101) and interior roller (1103), and the spring sets up along the circumferencial direction interval.