CN111345135B

CN111345135B - Electric-driven pneumatic seeder

Info

Publication number: CN111345135B
Application number: CN202010405481.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王方艳; 杨亮; 王红提
Original assignee: Qingdao Agricultural University
Current assignee: Qingdao Agricultural University
Priority date: 2019-12-30
Filing date: 2020-05-14
Publication date: 2022-06-14
Anticipated expiration: 2040-05-14
Also published as: CN110999580A; CN111345135A

Abstract

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to an electric drive pneumatic seeder. Including group battery, ridging shaping device and seeder, ridging shaping device sets up the lower part in the frame, the rear portion of frame is equipped with the press wheel, ridging shaping device includes central pivot and sets up at the epaxial ridging section of thick bamboo of central pivot, the tip of central pivot is equipped with the motor, the group battery is connected with the motor, the ridging section of thick bamboo includes the inner tube, urceolus and plastic dish, the inner tube is located the inboard of urceolus, be equipped with annular cavity between urceolus and the inner tube, the annular surface of urceolus is the grid form, the urceolus is fixed in the central pivot, the both ends of urceolus are fixed with the shaping dish respectively, the shaping dish is the round platform shape, annular surface along the shaping dish is equipped with several rectangular shape hole, eccentric rotation is connected between inner tube and the central pivot, the clearance between the bottom of inner tube and the urceolus is minimum. The ridging machine is simple in structure, realizes the crushing and the condition of large soil blocks, ensures the consistency of the ditching depth, has good ridging effect, and improves the seeding efficiency.

Description

Electric drive pneumatic seeder

Technical Field

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to an electric drive pneumatic seeder.

Background

China is wide in territory, various environments, conditions, planting modes and the like for crop production are provided, and the south and north have obvious differences. The northern area is represented as dry land operation, and takes seeding a specified amount of seeds into soil as a main planting means, and the used machine is a seeding machine, so that the moisture and the temperature in the soil can be fully utilized to ensure the emergence and the growth of seedlings.

However, in the actual sowing process, large clods are usually found in the soil, and the sowing effect of the seeds is affected by the large clods in the soil, so that the large clods are generally crushed. At present, the crushing of the big clods is usually completed manually, or the clods are crushed by a specific crushing device, so that a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed, and the sowing efficiency is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides an electric-drive pneumatic seeder which is simple in structure, realizes the crushing and the situation of large soil blocks, ensures the consistency of ditching depth, has good ridging effect, and improves the seeding efficiency.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an electric drive pneumatic seeder comprises a battery pack, a ridging shaping device and a seeding device, wherein the battery pack, the ridging shaping device and the seeding device are all arranged on a frame, the battery pack is positioned above the ridging shaping device, the ridging shaping device is positioned in front of the seeding device, the ridging shaping device is arranged at the lower part of the frame, a press wheel is arranged at the rear part of the frame, wherein,

the ridging and shaping device comprises a central rotating shaft and a ridging cylinder arranged on the central rotating shaft, wherein a motor is arranged at the end part of the central rotating shaft, a battery pack is connected with the motor, the ridging cylinder comprises an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder and a shaping disc, the inner cylinder is positioned on the inner side of the outer cylinder, an annular cavity is arranged between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, the annular surface of the outer cylinder is in a grid shape, the outer cylinder is fixed on the central rotating shaft, shaping discs are respectively fixed at two ends of the outer cylinder, each shaping disc is in a circular table shape, a plurality of strip-shaped holes are formed in the annular surface of each shaping disc, the inner cylinder is eccentrically and rotatably connected with the central rotating shaft, and the gap between the bottom of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder is minimum;

a depth-limiting sliding plate and a furrow opener are arranged at the bottom of the rack between the ridging and shaping device and the seeding device, the front end of the depth-limiting sliding plate is connected with the rack, the rear end of the depth-limiting sliding plate is horizontal, a plurality of strip-shaped holes are formed in the rear end of the depth-limiting sliding plate, and a furrowing blade of the furrow opener is arranged in each strip;

the press wheel comprises an outer roller and an inner roller, the inner roller is fixed on a central shaft of the press wheel, the outer roller is positioned on the outer side of the inner roller, the outer roller and the inner roller are connected through a plurality of springs, and the springs are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction;

the outer cylinder drives the whole device to move forwards in the rotating process, the inner cylinder swings around the central rotating shaft under the action of rotation inertia and gravity, the large soil blocks enter between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder through the grid holes in the outer cylinder, and the large soil blocks between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder are pressed and ground through the swinging of the inner cylinder.

The seeding device comprises a seed metering device and a seed separating device, wherein the seed separating device is connected with a seed feeding port at the bottom of the seed metering device, a plurality of seed scraping plates made of brass are arranged in the seed metering device, an air inlet blocking piece is arranged at an air inlet of the seed metering device, an air vent is arranged on the side wall of a seed metering cavity in the seed metering device, a seed dropping cavity connected with the seed feeding port at the bottom of the seed metering device is arranged at the upper part of the seed separating device, two independent seed dropping pipes are arranged at the bottom of the seed dropping cavity, and an arc-shaped slide way is arranged in each seed dropping pipe.

And a bearing is arranged between the inner cylinder and the central rotating shaft.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the ridging and leveling device not only has the functions of ridging the soil and shaping the ridged soil, but also can cut and level large soil blocks in the ridging process, so that the ridging effect of the soil is ensured;

(2) the seed sowing device can prevent the adhesion of seeds in the seed sowing process, and the low-speed equipotential descending of the seeds is realized through the seed divider;

(3) the depth limiting plate is arranged, so that the ditching depth of the ditcher is ensured to be consistent;

(4) the seeder adopts front wheel drive, the motor and the battery are arranged on the front wheel, and the center of gravity of the whole seeder is arranged on the front wheel, so that the slipping is avoided.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a ridging and shaping device;

fig. 4 is a sectional view of the ridging shaper;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the seed meter configuration;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure at the inlet of the seed meter;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a seed divider;

figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the press wheel.

In the figure: 1 a battery pack; 2, a ridging and shaping device; 3, a depth-limiting sliding plate; 4, a seed sowing device; 401 scraping a plate; 402 a vent hole; 403 air inlet baffle plate; 5, a furrow opener; 6, a central rotating shaft; 7, forming a ridge cylinder; 701, shaping a disc; 702 an outer barrel; 703 an inner cylinder; 8, dividing the seeds into seeds; 9, a fan; 10 press wheel; 1001 outer roller; 1002 a spring; 1003 inner roller.

Detailed Description

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, embodiments accompanying figures are described in detail below.

In the following description, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The invention can be implemented in a number of ways different from those described herein and similar generalizations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the electric-driven pneumatic seeder of the present invention comprises a battery pack 1, a ridging and shaping device 2, and a seeding device, wherein the battery pack 1, the ridging and shaping device 2, and the seeding device are all arranged on a frame, the battery pack 1 is positioned above the ridging and shaping device 2, the ridging and shaping device 2 is positioned in front of the seeding device, and the ridging and shaping device 2 is arranged at the lower part of the frame. The battery pack 1 provides power for the motor, and the motor drives the ridging and shaping device 2 to rotate. The rear part of the frame is provided with a press wheel 10.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the ridging and shaping device 2 comprises a central rotating shaft 6 and a ridging cylinder 7 arranged on the central rotating shaft 6, a motor is arranged at the end of the central rotating shaft 6, a battery pack 1 is connected with the motor, the battery pack 1 provides power for the motor, and the motor acts to drive the central rotating shaft 6 to rotate. The ridging cylinder 7 comprises an inner cylinder 703, an outer cylinder 702 and a shaping disc 701, wherein the inner cylinder 703 is positioned at the inner side of the outer cylinder 702, an annular cavity is arranged between the outer cylinder 702 and the inner cylinder 703, and the annular surface of the outer cylinder 702 is in a grid shape. The outer cylinder 702 is fixed on the central rotating shaft 8, the two ends of the outer cylinder 702 are respectively fixed with a shaping disc 701, the shaping disc 701 is in a circular truncated cone shape, a plurality of strip-shaped holes are formed in the annular surface of the shaping disc, and the shaping disc 701 plays roles in shaping and guiding. The inner cylinder 703 is eccentrically connected to the central shaft 6, and a bearing may be disposed between the inner cylinder 703 and the central shaft 6. The motor drives the central rotating shaft 86 to rotate, so as to drive the outer cylinder 702 to rotate, and the inner cylinder 703 is eccentrically and rotatably connected with the central rotating shaft 6. The gap between the bottom of the inner cylinder 703 and the outer cylinder 702 is minimal. In the ridging process, the outer cylinder 702 drives the whole device to move forwards in the rotating process, the inner cylinder 703 swings around the central rotating shaft 6 under the action of rotating inertia and gravity, large soil blocks enter between the outer cylinder 702 and the inner cylinder 703 through grid holes on the outer cylinder 702, and the large soil blocks between the outer cylinder 702 and the inner cylinder 703 can be pressed and ground through the swinging of the inner cylinder 703, so that the large soil blocks in the annular cavity between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are cut up and leveled. In conclusion, the ridging and shaping device has three functions, firstly, the ridging cylinder is a travelling wheel of the seeder, and front wheel driving is realized; secondly, the guiding effect is realized, and the walking straightness on the ridges is good; thirdly, the shaping and soil crushing of the large soil blocks are realized.

The seeding device comprises a seeding apparatus 4 and a seed separating device 8, wherein the seed separating device 8 is connected with a seed feeding port at the bottom of the seeding apparatus 4. When the seeder works, the high-speed fan 9 generates negative pressure which is transmitted to the vacuum chamber of the seed sowing device 4. The seed sowing device 4 comprises a seed sowing disk and a plurality of seed scraping plates 401, a plurality of seed sucking holes are arranged on the seed sowing disk along the circumferential direction of the seed sowing disk, and when the seed sowing disk rotates, seeds are sucked under the action of negative pressure of a vacuum chamber and rotate along with the seed sowing disk. When the seeds are transferred out of the vacuum chamber, the seeds do not bear negative pressure, and fall into the ditch through the seed divider 8 by means of self weight or under the action of the seed scraper, so that single-seed precision sowing is realized.

The working process of the seed sowing device sequentially passes through three sections of seed filling, seed carrying and seed sowing. The seed suction section refers to the process that the seed sowing device sucks seeds on a seed hole by means of negative pressure; the seed carrying section refers to a process that seeds adsorbed on a seed hole rotate to the seeding section through a certain angle along with the seeding plate under the action of self gravity, centrifugal inertia force, friction force, negative pressure suction force and the like; the negative pressure of the seed metering section disappears, and when the seeds are transferred to the seed throwing port, the seeds fall into the seed guiding device under the action of the gravity or the seed scraping device to finish the seed unloading process. The seed-metering section ideally feeds seeds under zero pressure and falls into the seed-guiding device under the action of the self gravity of the seeds.

As shown in FIG. 5, a vent 402 is provided at the seed meter housing of the seed metering section, and the vent 402 is communicated with the outside to ensure zero-pressure seed feeding. The seed carrying section is provided with a plurality of seed scraping plates 401 which are used for scraping the redundant seeds adsorbed by the suction holes, so that the reseeding rate is reduced. The seed scraping plate at the seed throwing port is used for scraping seeds which do not fall under the action of self gravity on the seed hole, so that the miss-seeding rate is reduced. The seed scraping plates are all made of brass, static charges generated by friction can be eliminated, and adhesion of seeds is avoided. As shown in figure 7, the upper part of the seed separator 8 is provided with a seed dropping cavity connected with a seed feeding port at the bottom of the seed sowing device 4, the bottom of the seed dropping cavity is provided with two independent seed dropping pipes, the double-row simultaneous sowing is realized, and the seed dropping pipes are internally provided with arc-shaped slideways. The seed separator is used for separating the seeds to realize one-time double-row sowing, and the seeds fall at low speed and equal positions by means of the curved surface slide way. As shown in fig. 6, an air inlet baffle 403 is arranged at an air inlet in the seed metering device cavity, so as to play a role of slowing down air flow, and avoid the phenomenon that a single suction hole adsorbs multiple seeds and reseeding occurs due to overlarge local air flow.

As shown in figure 2, a depth-limiting sliding plate 3 and a furrow opener 5 are arranged at the bottom of the machine frame between the ridging and shaping device 2 and the seeding device 4, and the furrow opener 5 is used for opening a seed ditch and guiding seeds to enter the seed ditch. The front end of depth-limiting slide plate 3 is the arc to be connected with the frame, the rear end that is equipped with depth-limiting slide plate 3 is the level form, and its rear end is equipped with several rectangular shape hole, and the ditching shovel setting of furrow opener 5 is downthehole at rectangular shape, is equipped with depth-limiting slide plate 3 and can makes the ground after the ditching remain the level all the time, and guarantees that the ditching degree of depth is unanimous. The back part of the frame is provided with a press wheel for compacting soil to ensure that the seeds are tightly contacted with the wet soil.

As shown in fig. 8, the press wheel 10 includes an outer roller 1001 and an inner roller 1003, the inner roller 1003 is fixed on a central axis of the press wheel 10, the outer roller 1001 is located outside the inner roller 1003, the outer roller 1001 and the inner roller 1003 are connected by a plurality of springs 1002, and the springs are arranged at intervals in a circumferential direction. Because the outer roller 1001 is floating, the outer roller vibrates during walking, which can effectively avoid clay and prevent seeds from being carried up.

The working process of the invention is as follows: this seeder during operation, the group battery provides the power for the motor, drives central pivot 6 and urceolus 702 and rotates, and inner tube 703 eccentrically rolls in urceolus 702 to with big clod shredding and flattening, ridging shaping device 2 carries out the ridging plastic to the farmland simultaneously, and can cut up and the flattening to big clod, has played the effect of ridging plastic simultaneously. The outer cylinder 702 drives the whole device to move forwards in the rotating process, in the moving process, the furrow opener 5 is used for opening a seed furrow to guide seeds into the seed furrow, and the depth limiting sliding plate 3 is used for ensuring that the furrowing depth is consistent in the furrowing process. The seeds are precisely sowed to the seed throwing opening through the seed sowing device 4 and fall into the seed ditch through the seed sowing device 8. And finally, compacting the soil through a press wheel.

The electric-driven pneumatic seeder provided by the invention is described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an electricity drives pneumatic seeder, includes group battery (1), ridging shaper (2) and seeder, group battery (1), ridging shaper (2) and seeder all set up in the frame, and group battery (1) is located the top of ridging shaper (2), and ridging shaper (2) are located seeder's the place ahead, and ridging shaper (2) set up in the lower part of frame, and the rear portion of frame is equipped with press wheel (10), its characterized in that:

the ridging and shaping device (2) comprises a central rotating shaft (6) and a ridging cylinder (7) arranged on the central rotating shaft (6), a motor is arranged at the end part of the central rotating shaft (6), a battery pack (1) is connected with the motor, the ridging cylinder (7) comprises an inner cylinder (703), the shaping device comprises an outer cylinder (702) and a shaping disc (701), wherein the inner cylinder (703) is positioned on the inner side of the outer cylinder (702), an annular cavity is arranged between the outer cylinder (702) and the inner cylinder (703), the annular surface of the outer cylinder (702) is in a grid shape, the outer cylinder (702) is fixed on a central rotating shaft (6), the shaping disc (701) is fixed at each of two ends of the outer cylinder (702), the shaping disc (701) is in a circular table shape, a plurality of strip-shaped holes are formed in the annular surface of the shaping disc, the inner cylinder (703) is eccentrically and rotatably connected with the central rotating shaft (6), and a gap between the bottom of the inner cylinder (703) and the outer cylinder (702) is minimum;

a depth-limiting sliding plate (3) and a furrow opener (5) are arranged at the bottom of the rack between the ridging and shaping device (2) and the seeding device, the front end of the depth-limiting sliding plate (3) is connected with the rack, the rear end of the depth-limiting sliding plate (3) is horizontal, a plurality of strip-shaped holes are formed in the rear end of the depth-limiting sliding plate, and a furrow shovel of the furrow opener (5) is arranged in the strip-shaped holes;

the compacting wheel (10) comprises an outer roller (1001) and an inner roller (1003), the inner roller (1003) is fixed on a central shaft of the compacting wheel (10), the outer roller (1001) is located on the outer side of the inner roller (1003), the outer roller (1001) is connected with the inner roller (1003) through a plurality of springs (1002), and the springs are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction;

the outer cylinder (702) drives the whole device to move forwards in the rotating process, the inner cylinder (703) swings around the central rotating shaft (6) under the action of rotating inertia and gravity, large soil blocks enter between the outer cylinder (702) and the inner cylinder (703) through grid holes in the outer cylinder (702), and the large soil blocks between the outer cylinder (702) and the inner cylinder (703) are pressed and ground through the swinging of the inner cylinder (703).

2. The electric-driven pneumatic seeding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the seeding device comprises a seeding device (4) and a seed separating device (8), wherein the seed separating device (8) is connected with a seed throwing port at the bottom of the seeding device (4), a plurality of seed scraping plates (401) made of brass are arranged in the seeding device (4), an air inlet baffle (403) is arranged at an air inlet of the seeding device, an air vent (402) is arranged on the side wall of a seed discharging cavity in the seeding device (4), a seed dropping cavity connected with the seed throwing port at the bottom of the seeding device (4) is arranged on the upper part of the seed separating device (8), two independent seed dropping pipes are arranged at the bottom of the seed dropping cavity, and an arc-shaped slide way is arranged in the seed dropping pipe.

3. The electric-driven pneumatic seeding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a bearing is arranged between the inner cylinder (703) and the central rotating shaft (6).