CN111006947A - Acoustic emission testing device and method for supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test - Google Patents
Acoustic emission testing device and method for supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test Download PDFInfo
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- CN111006947A CN111006947A CN201911276748.3A CN201911276748A CN111006947A CN 111006947 A CN111006947 A CN 111006947A CN 201911276748 A CN201911276748 A CN 201911276748A CN 111006947 A CN111006947 A CN 111006947A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
- G01N2203/0066—Propagation of crack
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0658—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using acoustic or ultrasonic detectors
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of unconventional oil and gas resource development and geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to an acoustic emission testing device and method for a supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the acoustic emission testing device for the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test comprises a triaxial core holder, a supercritical carbon dioxide injection system, a triaxial loading system and an acoustic emission testing system, wherein the triaxial core holder is used for holding a sample, the triaxial loading system applies confining pressure and axial pressure to the sample, the supercritical carbon dioxide injection system is used for injecting supercritical carbon dioxide into the triaxial core holder to carry out fracturing operation on the sample, and the acoustic emission testing system is used for monitoring acoustic emission signals in the sample fracturing process. The method can effectively monitor the crack initiation and propagation rule of the supercritical carbon dioxide fractured rock under the conditions of high ground stress and high pore pressure, and provides reference for the subsequent research on the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing mechanism.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of unconventional oil and gas resource development and geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to an acoustic emission testing device and method for a supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test.
Background
The hydraulic fracturing technology is a main technology for developing unconventional oil and gas resources at present, a large amount of water resources are consumed when the technology is applied, environmental problems such as underground water pollution and the like are easily caused, and even geological disasters can be induced. For the development of oil and gas resources, particularly for compact oil and gas reservoirs, the existence and the expansion of cracks are main factors determining the oil and gas recovery rate, and a complex crack network needs to be formed in order to improve the yield and the recovery rate of a single well. The supercritical carbon dioxide has unique physical and chemical properties, such as lower viscosity, surface tension close to zero, larger diffusion coefficient, super-strong dissolving capacity and the like, and gradually becomes fracturing fluid with great application prospect. Compared with the simple and straight cracks of the common conventional hydraulic fracturing, the supercritical carbon dioxide is easy to enter the micro-gaps and the micro-cracks to promote the crack initiation and the crack propagation, so that a more complex micro-crack network can be generated. Therefore, in order to apply the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing to the field better, the crack propagation law and the cracking mechanism of the supercritical carbon dioxide fractured rock need to be subjected to a great amount of indoor physical simulation test researches.
At present, the characteristics of hydraulic fracturing cracks are mainly shown in an acoustic emission technology, a CT technology, a laser scanning fracture surface and the like. The acoustic emission technology is a simple and convenient common technical means for revealing the internal damage evolution and damage mechanism of the rock by analyzing dynamic micro-fractures in the rock based on elastic waves excited by micro-cracks in the material.
In order to monitor rock fracture by using acoustic emission and obtain damage evolution characteristics of rocks under stress, the installation of an acoustic emission probe of a cylindrical rock sample at present mainly comprises the following methods: the first method is that the acoustic emission probe is hooped on the rock surface by an adhesive tape or a rubber belt during the uniaxial compression test of the cylindrical sample, although the couplant is coated on the interface between the rock sample and the acoustic emission sensor, the test result is influenced because the ceramic surface at the front end of the acoustic emission probe is a plane, or the operation error of a tester, or the tightness of a binding band, or the adhesion degree of the adhesive tape possibly causes the probe and the cylindrical sample to be attached loosely or fall off, and further inaccurate positioning or partial signals are lost; the second method is that the acoustic emission probe is fixedly arranged at the designated position of the test piece by using the friction force between the probe and the test piece through auxiliary parts, such as a positioning spring and a pressure reducing spring, or the acoustic emission probe is arranged in a designed acoustic emission sensor sealing chamber which is fixed on the side surface of a cylinder through a screw and a bolt hole, although the method can solve the problem of accurate positioning of the acoustic emission probe in a single-axis test, the former method is limited to a no-confining pressure condition, and the latter method cannot be used in a common triaxial core holder; the third is that in the simulation test under the triaxial stress condition, the acoustic emission probe is arranged on the outer wall of the loading cylinder, the method is easy to interfere the acoustic emission signal due to the influence of the cylinder and the hydraulic medium in the triaxial chamber, the interference factors to be considered in the later data analysis are more, and if the analysis is not proper, the test result is greatly influenced; and the acoustic emission probe is arranged in the rubber sleeve in the confining pressure cavity under the confining pressure condition, and the method has the main defect that the rubber sleeve deforms greatly under the high ground stress condition, but the acoustic emission probe cannot bear the deformation, so that when a physical simulation test for researching the rock damage and fracture under the high ground stress condition is carried out by using a conventional acoustic emission sensor, the acoustic emission sensor is easy to damage due to the excessive loading of the confining pressure in the test. In addition to the above, in the conventional acoustic emission sensor, it is often the case that the received signal is not obvious or cannot be received in the test process for a rough surface or a wet rock sample.
In summary, for the conventional method for monitoring the crack propagation rule and the crack mechanism in the fracturing process by using the acoustic emission or acoustic wave technology in the supercritical carbon dioxide cracking cylindrical rock sample test under the triaxial stress condition, the four installation methods cannot well meet the application conditions of the conventional acoustic emission probe in the supercritical carbon dioxide cracking rock simulation test under the conditions of high ground stress and high pore pressure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an acoustic emission testing device and method for a supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test, which can effectively monitor the crack initiation and propagation rule of supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing rock under the conditions of high ground stress and high pore pressure, and provide reference for the subsequent research on the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing mechanism.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the acoustic emission testing device for the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test comprises a triaxial core holder, a supercritical carbon dioxide injection system, a triaxial loading system and an acoustic emission testing system, wherein the triaxial core holder is used for holding a sample, the triaxial loading system applies confining pressure and axial pressure to the sample, the supercritical carbon dioxide injection system is used for injecting supercritical carbon dioxide into the triaxial core holder to carry out fracturing operation on the sample, and the acoustic emission testing system is used for monitoring acoustic emission signals in the sample fracturing process.
Furthermore, the acoustic emission testing device for the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test comprises a triaxial core holder, wherein the triaxial core holder comprises a holder barrel, a left adjusting plug, a right adjusting plug, an adjusting nut, a left end face screw sleeve, a right end face screw sleeve, an O-shaped sealing ring groove, a wire guide groove, a wire outlet, an acoustic emission probe mounting groove, a spring support mounting groove, a high polymer material coupling ring, a sealing end sleeve, an axial pressure injection hole, a confining pressure injection hole, an injection shaft and a rubber sleeve;
the inner edges of the left end surface and the right end surface of the gripper barrel are respectively provided with a mark point, and the mark points are positioned on the same transverse axis along the barrel body; two marking points are arranged on the inner and outer edges of the circular rings of the left end face screw sleeve and the right end face screw sleeve, and the marking points and the central point are positioned on the same longitudinal axis; the side wall of the adjusting nut is provided with two real base lines, and the real base lines and the central axis are parallel in pairs and are coplanar; four acoustic emission probe mounting grooves which are uniformly distributed are arranged in the end faces of the left adjusting plug and the right adjusting plug, which are contacted with the sample, and the included angle between the center of each two adjacent acoustic emission probe mounting grooves and the center of the end face of the sample is 90 degrees; the outer side surfaces of the left adjusting plug and the right adjusting plug are respectively provided with four real baselines, the four real baselines respectively correspond to the central point of the mounting groove of the acoustic emission probe, and a virtual baseline is arranged between every two real baselines at equal intervals in parallel;
the distance between the center line of the acoustic emission probe mounting groove and the outer side surfaces of the left adjusting plug and the right adjusting plug is determined by the specification of the triaxial core holder, the size of the acoustic emission probe mounting groove is determined by the specification of the acoustic emission probe, and the center of the spring support mounting groove is aligned with the center of the acoustic emission probe mounting groove and communicated with the acoustic emission probe mounting groove; the inner side wall of the acoustic emission probe mounting groove is provided with a buffer sponge with the thickness of 2 mm; a spring support is arranged in the spring support mounting groove at the bottom communicated with the acoustic emission probe mounting groove and used for tightly supporting the acoustic emission probe so that the acoustic emission probe is always in close contact with the high polymer material coupling ring; the high polymer material coupling ring is arranged in a circular ring formed by the left adjusting plug, the right adjusting plug and the liquid injection shaft, can generate certain coordinated deformation under the test conditions of triaxial stress loading and high pore pressure, and can be always in close contact with the surface of the sample and the coupling surface of an acoustic emission probe of the acoustic emission test system, so that the acoustic emission signal reception in the test process is ensured;
the wire groove is positioned between the left adjusting plug, the right adjusting plug and the side wall of the liquid injection shaft and is used for leading out a terminal connected with the sound emission probe and a wire connected with the terminal; and cushion blocks with four wire outlet ports are arranged among the hexagon bolts which are connected with the left adjusting plug, the right adjusting plug and the liquid injection shaft, and the wires of the acoustic emission probe can be led out to be connected to the acoustic emission testing system.
Further, the acoustic emission testing device for the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test comprises a supercritical carbon dioxide injection system, a gas pressurization system, a constant temperature water bath tank and a high-pressure high-speed electric hydraulic pump, wherein the supercritical carbon dioxide injection system comprises a carbon dioxide supply source, a gas pressurization system, a constant temperature water bath tank and a high-pressure high-speed electric hydraulic pump; the carbon dioxide supply source is gaseous carbon dioxide; the gas pressurization system comprises an air compressor, a pneumatic supercharger and a piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container, wherein the air compressor is connected with the pneumatic supercharger and provides driving force for the pneumatic supercharger, and pressurized carbon dioxide is stored in the piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container; the working medium of the constant-temperature water bath box is formed by distilled water, ethylene glycol and other additives in a proportioning mode, the working temperature range is-20-100 ℃, in order to ensure that the medium injected into the rock core is supercritical carbon dioxide, the piston type high-pressure-resistant intermediate container and the interconnected pipelines thereof are all placed in the constant-temperature water bath, and when the temperature of the constant-temperature water bath box is adjusted to be above 31.1 ℃, the carbon dioxide stored in the piston type high-pressure-resistant intermediate container can be ensured to be supercritical carbon dioxide; the high-pressure high-speed electric hydraulic pump is connected with the piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container, the high-pressure high-speed electric hydraulic pump drives a piston in the piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container to convey supercritical carbon dioxide, and the realized pore pressure range is 0-70 MPa.
Further, the acoustic emission testing device of supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test, wherein the triaxial loading system is connected with the axial pressure liquid injection hole and the confining pressure liquid injection hole through two hydraulic pumps, and is used for independently applying confining pressure and axial pressure, the confining pressure range is 0-70 MPa, and the axial pressure range is 0-100 MPa.
Further, the acoustic emission testing device of the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test comprises an acoustic emission testing system, an acoustic emission probe, a computer display and a preamplifier, wherein the acoustic emission testing system comprises an acoustic emission host, the acoustic emission probe, the computer display and the preamplifier are respectively connected with the computer display and the preamplifier through wires, and the preamplifier is connected with the acoustic emission probe through wires.
The acoustic emission testing method of the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test utilizes the acoustic emission testing device of the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test, and comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: preparing a cylindrical sample with a matched size;
step 2: the lead breaking test detects the attenuation degree of the high polymer material coupling ring to the acoustic emission signal;
and step 3: installing four acoustic emission probes into four acoustic emission probe installation grooves in a right adjusting plug, leading out a lead from a lead groove to a lead outlet, and connecting the lead to an acoustic emission host through a preamplifier; after the acoustic emission probe is installed, the right liquid injection shaft is inserted into the right adjusting plug in a sliding mode, the high polymer material coupling ring is placed between the right adjusting plug and the right liquid injection shaft, and all gaps among the high polymer material coupling ring, the acoustic emission probe and a sample contact surface are coated with a special coupling agent;
and 4, step 4: aligning any one real base line of the marking point at the right end of the holder cylinder, the right end face thread sleeve marking point and the right adjusting plug, and assembling the combination in the step 3 and the holder cylinder through the right end face thread sleeve;
and 5: installing four acoustic emission probes into four acoustic emission installation grooves in the left adjusting plug, leading out a lead from the lead groove to the lead outlet groove, and connecting the lead to an acoustic emission host through a preamplifier; after the acoustic emission probe is installed, the left liquid injection shaft is inserted into the left adjusting plug in a sliding mode, the high polymer material coupling ring is placed between the left adjusting plug and the left liquid injection shaft, and all gaps among the high polymer material coupling ring, the acoustic emission probe and a sample contact surface are coated with a special coupling agent;
step 6: matching the length of the sample through the adjusting nut, aligning any virtual base line of a mark point at the left end of the holder cylinder, a mark point of a left end face screw sleeve and a left adjusting plug, aiming at ensuring that acoustic emission probes at the left end and the right end are not on the same horizontal axis, achieving a good acoustic emission test effect through dislocation of 45 degrees, and assembling the combination body and the holder cylinder in the step 5 through the left adjusting nut and the left end face screw sleeve;
and 7: placing the assembled triaxial core holder and the piston type high-pressure-resistant intermediate container in the constant-temperature water bath box, wherein the set temperature is higher than 31.1 ℃, and the temperature in the whole constant-temperature water bath box is ensured to be uniform until the core temperature reaches the temperature value set by the constant-temperature water bath box;
and 8: starting a hydraulic pump, and applying confining pressure and axial pressure on a sample until a test set value is reached; simultaneously starting the gas booster pump, converting gaseous carbon dioxide into supercritical carbon dioxide, and storing the supercritical carbon dioxide into the piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container;
and step 9: and starting the high-pressure high-speed electric hydraulic pump, injecting supercritical carbon dioxide into a left liquid injection shaft of the triaxial core holder to carry out fracturing operation, and synchronously monitoring acoustic emission signals in the sample fracturing process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the high polymer material coupling ring can generate certain coordinated deformation under the conditions of triaxial stress loading and high pore pressure test, so that on one hand, high ground stress can be effectively protected, the sound emission probe in a supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test under the condition of high pore pressure is not damaged, on the other hand, the high polymer material coupling ring can be ensured to be always in close contact with the rock surface and the coupling surface of the sound emission probe, the requirements of the sound emission test in the rock fracturing process are met, and the accuracy of the test result is ensured.
(2) The device has a simple structure, is convenient to operate, can ensure the accurate positioning of the acoustic emission probe, and realizes that the mounting grooves of the acoustic emission probe at two ends of the sample are not positioned on the same axis by ensuring the alignment of the mark points of the cylinder body of the holder, the mark points of the end surface thread sleeve and the virtual base line on the adjusting plug, thereby achieving a better acoustic emission test effect by staggering 45 degrees. Meanwhile, the alignment of the virtual base line is changed into the alignment of the real base line, the acoustic emission probe mounting grooves at two ends can be positioned on the same axis, and then the acoustic probe which is matched with the mounting groove in size is selected to carry out the ultrasonic test in the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic center section view of a triaxial core holder;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 taken along the left end face of the rock sample;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an acoustic emission probe installation;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the installation of the polymer coupling ring between the injection shaft and the adjusting plug;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an acoustic emission testing device for a supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test;
in the figure: 01-left regulating choke plug; 02-right regulating plug; 03-a gripper cylinder; 04-adjusting a nut; 05-a left end face thread sleeve; 06-a right end face thread sleeve; 07. 08, 09-O type sealing ring; 10-a wire groove; 11-a wire outlet; 12-acoustic emission probe mounting groove; 13-spring support mounting groove; 14-a high molecular material coupling ring; 15-sealing the end sleeve; 16-axial pressure liquid injection hole; 17-confining pressure liquid injection hole; 18-injection shaft; 19-rubber sleeve; 20-an injection pipe; 21-sample; 22-spring washer; 23-a wire; 24-an acoustic emission probe; 25-acoustic emission host; 26-computer display; 27-a preamplifier; 28-a carbon dioxide supply source; 29-constant temperature water bath; 30-high pressure high speed electric hydraulic pump; 31-an air compressor; 32-a pneumatic booster; 33-piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container; 34. 35-hydraulic pump.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention, and not all embodiments, and that references to "left" and "right" in the specification are intended to refer to the position of fig. 1, and are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting.
An acoustic emission testing device for a supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test comprises a triaxial core holder, an acoustic emission testing system, a supercritical carbon dioxide injection system and a triaxial loading system.
As shown in fig. 1, the triaxial core holder comprises a left adjusting plug 01, a right adjusting plug 02, a holder barrel 03, an adjusting nut 04, a left end face thread insert 05, a right end face thread insert 06, O-shaped seal ring rings 07, 08 and 09, a wire guide groove 10, a wire outlet 11, an acoustic emission probe mounting groove 12, a corresponding spring support mounting groove 13, a polymer material coupling ring 14, a seal end sleeve 15, an axial pressure injection hole 16, a confining pressure injection hole 17, a ring cavity of the confining pressure injection hole, an injection shaft 18, a rubber sleeve 19, an injection pipeline 20, a sample 21, and a sample 21 with the size of a cylinder with the diameter of 100mm and the height of 200 mm.
The inner edges of the left end face and the right end face of the gripper barrel 03 are respectively provided with a mark point, and the mark points are positioned on the same transverse axis along the barrel body; two marking points are arranged on the inner edge and the outer edge of the circular ring of the left end face thread insert 05 and the right end face thread insert 06, and the marking points and the central point are positioned on the same longitudinal axis; the side wall of the adjusting nut 04 is provided with two real base lines, and the real base lines and the central axis are parallel in pairs and are coplanar.
The O-shaped sealing ring 07 is arranged in the sealing end sleeve 15 and is used for preventing a medium in the confining pressure cavity from leaking. An O-shaped sealing ring 08 is arranged in the right adjusting plug 02 and the right adjusting nut 06, and the purpose of the O-shaped sealing ring is to prevent medium in the axial compression cavity from leaking. The O-shaped sealing rings 09 in the end faces of the left injection shaft and the right injection shaft, which are in contact with the sample 21, are used for limiting the supercritical carbon dioxide on the end faces in the O-shaped sealing rings 09, so that the sealing performance during the injection of the supercritical carbon dioxide is ensured, the pore pressure is normally provided for the sample, and the triaxial core holder is not damaged; the injection pipeline 20 in the injection shaft 18 is used for injecting supercritical carbon dioxide, and the injection shaft (left or right) can realize the injection of fracturing media.
Four acoustic emission probe mounting grooves 12 which are uniformly distributed are arranged in the end faces of the left adjusting plug 01 and the right adjusting plug 02 which are contacted with the sample 21, and the included angle between the center of each two adjacent acoustic emission probe mounting grooves 12 and the center of the end face is 90 degrees; the outer side surfaces of the left adjusting plug 01 and the right adjusting plug 02 are respectively provided with four real base lines, the four real base lines respectively correspond to the central point position of the acoustic emission probe mounting groove 12, and a virtual base line is arranged between every two real base lines at equal intervals in parallel.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the distance between the center line of the acoustic emission probe mounting groove 12 and the outer side surface of the adjusting plug is 15-25 mm, the size of the acoustic emission probe mounting groove 12 is determined by the specification of an acoustic emission probe 24, the center of the spring support mounting groove 13 is aligned with the center of the acoustic emission probe mounting groove 12 and communicated with the acoustic emission probe mounting groove 12, and the size of the spring support mounting groove 13 is 1/2 of the size of the acoustic emission probe mounting groove 12. And a buffer sponge with the thickness of 2mm is arranged on the inner side wall of the acoustic emission probe mounting groove 12. And a spring gasket 22 is arranged in the spring bracket mounting groove 13 at the bottom communicated with the acoustic emission probe mounting groove 12 and used for tightly propping up the acoustic emission probe 24 so that the acoustic emission probe 24 is always in close contact with the high polymer material coupling ring 14. The wire groove 10 between the left adjusting plug 01, the right adjusting plug 02 and the left and right liquid injection shafts 18 is used for leading out a terminal connected with an acoustic emission probe 24 and a wire 23 connected with the terminal, and the wire 23 is connected with an acoustic emission host 25 through a wire outlet 11.
As shown in fig. 4, the high molecular material coupling ring 14 is placed in a circular ring formed by the left adjusting plug 01, the right adjusting plug 02 and the liquid injection shaft 18, and a special coupling agent is smeared on a gap between the high molecular material coupling ring 14 and the sample 21 and on a contact surface of the sound emission probe 24. The polymer material coupling ring 14 can generate certain coordinated deformation under the test conditions of triaxial stress loading and high pore pressure, and can be always in close contact with the surface of the sample 21 and the coupling surface of the acoustic emission probe 24, so that the acoustic emission signal reception in the test process is ensured.
As shown in FIG. 5, the acoustic emission testing system includes: the acoustic emission probe 24 and the acoustic emission probe mounting groove 14, the spring bracket mounting groove 13, the wire groove 11, the wire outlet 19 and the polymer coupling ring 15 in the triaxial core holder act together, and a wire of the acoustic emission probe 24 can be led out to the preamplifier 27 through the wire outlet 19 and is connected with the acoustic emission host 25 through a cable.
The supercritical carbon dioxide injection system mainly comprises: a carbon dioxide supply source 28, a gas pressurization system, a constant temperature water bath tank 29 and a high-pressure high-speed electric hydraulic pump 30. The carbon dioxide supply 28 is gaseous carbon dioxide. The gas pressurization system comprises an air compressor 31, a pneumatic booster 32 and a piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 33(HNBR seal, CO resistance)2All 316 stainless steel, which can be used in water immersion). The air compressor 31 and the air compressorA pneumatic booster 32 connected to provide a driving force for the pneumatic booster 32 to pressurize carbon dioxide (C)>7.38MPa) is stored in the piston-type high-pressure resistant intermediate container 33. The working medium of the constant-temperature water bath box 29 is formed by distilled water, ethylene glycol and other additives in a ratio, the working temperature range is-20-100 ℃, in order to ensure that the medium injected into the rock core is supercritical carbon dioxide, the piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container 33 and the interconnected pipelines thereof are all placed in the constant-temperature water bath, and when the temperature of the constant-temperature water bath box 29 is adjusted to be above 31.1 ℃, the carbon dioxide stored in the piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container 33 can be ensured to be supercritical carbon dioxide. The supercritical carbon dioxide injection system is characterized in that a high-pressure high-speed electric hydraulic pump 30 is connected with the piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container 33, a piston in the piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container 33 is driven to continuously convey supercritical carbon dioxide, and the pore pressure range which can be realized is 0-70 MPa.
The triaxial loading system is connected with the axial pressure liquid injection hole 16 and the confining pressure liquid injection hole 17 through two hydraulic pumps 34 and 35, confining pressure and axial pressure are independently applied, the confining pressure range is 0-70 MPa, and the axial pressure range is 0-100 MPa.
The acoustic emission testing method of the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: a cylindrical test piece 21, having a diameter of 100mm and a height of 200mm, was prepared to fit the dimensions of the holder of the present invention, and a hole was drilled vertically in the center of one end of the test piece to simulate a wellbore.
Step 2: and detecting the attenuation degree of the high polymer material coupling ring 14 to the acoustic emission signal by a lead-breaking test.
And step 3: four acoustic emission probes 24 are installed in the four acoustic emission probe installation grooves 12 in the right adjustment plug 02, and the wires 23 are led out from the wire groove 10 to the wire outlet 11 and connected to an acoustic emission host 25 through a preamplifier 27. After the acoustic emission probe 24 is installed, the right injection shaft 18 is slidably inserted into the right adjusting plug 02, the polymer material coupling ring 14 is placed between the right adjusting plug 02 and the right injection shaft 18, and all gaps between the polymer material coupling ring 14 and contact surfaces of the acoustic emission probe 24 and the sample 21 are coated with a special coupling agent.
And 4, step 4: and (3) aligning any one real base line of the marking point at the right end of the holder cylinder 03, the marking point of the right end face thread insert 06 and the right adjusting plug 02, and assembling the assembly in the step (3) and the holder cylinder 03 through the right end face thread insert 06.
And 5: four acoustic emission probes 24 are installed in the four acoustic emission installation grooves 14 in the left adjusting choke plug 01, and the lead 23 is led out from the lead groove 10 to the lead outlet 11 and is connected to an acoustic emission host 25 through a preamplifier 27. After the acoustic emission probe 24 is installed, the left injection shaft 18 is slidably inserted into the left adjusting plug 01, the polymer material coupling ring 14 is placed between the left adjusting plug 02 and the left injection shaft 18, and all gaps between the polymer material coupling ring 14 and contact surfaces of the acoustic emission probe 24 and the sample 21 are coated with a special coupling agent.
Step 6: the length of the sample is matched through the adjusting nut 04, any virtual base line of the mark point at the left end of the holder cylinder 03, the mark point of the left end face screw sleeve 05 and the left adjusting plug 01 is aligned, the purpose is to ensure that the left and right acoustic emission probes 24 are not on the same horizontal axis, but reach a better acoustic emission test effect through dislocation of 45 degrees, and then the combination body and the holder cylinder 03 in the step 5 are assembled through the adjusting nut 04 and the left end face screw sleeve 05.
And 7: and placing the assembled triaxial core holder and the piston type high-pressure-resistant intermediate container 33 in the constant-temperature water bath box 29, wherein the set temperature is higher than 31.1 ℃, and the temperature in the whole constant-temperature water bath box 29 is ensured to be uniform until the core temperature reaches the set temperature value of the constant-temperature water bath box.
And 8: the hydraulic pumps 34, 35 are started to apply confining pressure and axial pressure to the sample 21 until the set value of the test is reached. And starting the gas booster 32, converting gaseous carbon dioxide into supercritical carbon dioxide, and storing the supercritical carbon dioxide into the piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container 33.
And step 9: and starting the high-pressure high-speed electric hydraulic pump 30, injecting supercritical carbon dioxide into the left liquid injection shaft 18 of the triaxial core holder to carry out fracturing operation, and synchronously monitoring acoustic emission signals in the fracturing process.
Finally, the principle and the implementation of the present invention are explained above by applying specific embodiments, and the above description of the embodiments is only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In summary, this summary should not be construed to limit the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The acoustic emission testing device for the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test is characterized by comprising a triaxial core holder, a supercritical carbon dioxide injection system, a triaxial loading system and an acoustic emission testing system, wherein the triaxial core holder is used for holding a sample, the triaxial loading system applies confining pressure and axial pressure to the sample, the supercritical carbon dioxide injection system is used for injecting supercritical carbon dioxide into the triaxial core holder to carry out fracturing operation on the sample, and the acoustic emission testing system is used for monitoring acoustic emission signals in the sample fracturing process.
2. The acoustic emission testing device for the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test according to claim 1, wherein the triaxial core holder comprises a holder barrel, a left adjusting plug, a right adjusting plug, an adjusting nut, a left end face thread sleeve, a right end face thread sleeve, an O-shaped sealing ring groove, a wire guide groove, a wire outlet, an acoustic emission probe mounting groove, a spring support mounting groove, a high polymer material coupling ring, a sealing end sleeve, an axial pressure injection hole, a confining pressure injection hole, an injection shaft and a rubber sleeve;
the inner edges of the left end surface and the right end surface of the gripper barrel are respectively provided with a mark point, and the mark points are positioned on the same transverse axis along the barrel body; two marking points are arranged on the inner and outer edges of the circular rings of the left end face screw sleeve and the right end face screw sleeve, and the marking points and the central point are positioned on the same longitudinal axis; the side wall of the adjusting nut is provided with two real base lines, and the real base lines and the central axis are parallel in pairs and are coplanar; four acoustic emission probe mounting grooves which are uniformly distributed are arranged in the end faces of the left adjusting plug and the right adjusting plug, which are contacted with the sample, and the included angle between the center of each two adjacent acoustic emission probe mounting grooves and the center of the end face of the sample is 90 degrees; the outer side surfaces of the left adjusting plug and the right adjusting plug are respectively provided with four real baselines, the four real baselines respectively correspond to the central point of the mounting groove of the acoustic emission probe, and a virtual baseline is arranged between every two real baselines at equal intervals in parallel;
the distance between the center line of the acoustic emission probe mounting groove and the outer side surfaces of the left adjusting plug and the right adjusting plug is determined by the specification of the triaxial core holder, the size of the acoustic emission probe mounting groove is determined by the specification of the acoustic emission probe, and the center of the spring support mounting groove is aligned with the center of the acoustic emission probe mounting groove and communicated with the acoustic emission probe mounting groove; the inner side wall of the acoustic emission probe mounting groove is provided with a buffer sponge with the thickness of 2 mm; a spring support is arranged in the spring support mounting groove at the bottom communicated with the acoustic emission probe mounting groove and used for tightly supporting the acoustic emission probe so that the acoustic emission probe is always in close contact with the high polymer material coupling ring; the high polymer material coupling ring is arranged in a circular ring formed by the left adjusting plug, the right adjusting plug and the liquid injection shaft, can generate certain coordinated deformation under the test conditions of triaxial stress loading and high pore pressure, and can be always in close contact with the surface of the sample and the coupling surface of an acoustic emission probe of the acoustic emission test system, so that the acoustic emission signal reception in the test process is ensured;
the wire groove is positioned between the left adjusting plug, the right adjusting plug and the side wall of the liquid injection shaft and is used for leading out a terminal connected with the sound emission probe and a wire connected with the terminal; and cushion blocks with four wire outlet ports are arranged among the hexagon bolts which are connected with the left adjusting plug, the right adjusting plug and the liquid injection shaft, and the wires of the acoustic emission probe can be led out to be connected to the acoustic emission testing system.
3. The acoustic emission testing device for the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test according to claim 1, wherein the supercritical carbon dioxide injection system comprises a carbon dioxide supply source, a gas pressurization system, a constant temperature water bath and a high-pressure high-speed electric hydraulic pump; the carbon dioxide supply source is gaseous carbon dioxide; the gas pressurization system comprises an air compressor, a pneumatic supercharger and a piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container, wherein the air compressor is connected with the pneumatic supercharger and provides driving force for the pneumatic supercharger, and pressurized carbon dioxide is stored in the piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container; the working medium of the constant-temperature water bath box is formed by distilled water, ethylene glycol and other additives in a proportioning mode, the working temperature range is-20-100 ℃, in order to ensure that the medium injected into the rock core is supercritical carbon dioxide, the piston type high-pressure-resistant intermediate container and the interconnected pipelines thereof are all placed in the constant-temperature water bath, and when the temperature of the constant-temperature water bath box is adjusted to be above 31.1 ℃, the carbon dioxide stored in the piston type high-pressure-resistant intermediate container can be ensured to be supercritical carbon dioxide; the high-pressure high-speed electric hydraulic pump is connected with the piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container, the high-pressure high-speed electric hydraulic pump drives a piston in the piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container to convey supercritical carbon dioxide, and the realized pore pressure range is 0-70 MPa.
4. The acoustic emission testing device for the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test according to claim 2, wherein the triaxial loading system is connected with the axial pressure injection hole and the confining pressure injection hole through two hydraulic pumps, and is used for independently applying confining pressure and axial pressure, wherein the confining pressure range is 0-70 MPa, and the axial pressure range is 0-100 MPa.
5. The acoustic emission testing device for the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test according to claim 1, wherein the acoustic emission testing system comprises an acoustic emission host, an acoustic emission probe, a computer display and a preamplifier, the acoustic emission host is respectively connected with the computer display and the preamplifier through wires, and the preamplifier is connected with the acoustic emission probe through wires.
6. The acoustic emission testing method of the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test is characterized in that the acoustic emission testing device of the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test, which is disclosed by any one of claims 1 to 5, is utilized, and the specific steps comprise:
step 1: preparing a cylindrical sample with a matched size;
step 2: the lead breaking test detects the attenuation degree of the high polymer material coupling ring to the acoustic emission signal;
and step 3: installing four acoustic emission probes into four acoustic emission probe installation grooves in a right adjusting plug, leading out a lead from a lead groove to a lead outlet, and connecting the lead to an acoustic emission host through a preamplifier; after the acoustic emission probe is installed, the right liquid injection shaft is inserted into the right adjusting plug in a sliding mode, the high polymer material coupling ring is placed between the right adjusting plug and the right liquid injection shaft, and all gaps among the high polymer material coupling ring, the acoustic emission probe and a sample contact surface are coated with a special coupling agent;
and 4, step 4: aligning any one real base line of the marking point at the right end of the holder cylinder, the right end face thread sleeve marking point and the right adjusting plug, and assembling the combination in the step 3 and the holder cylinder through the right end face thread sleeve;
and 5: installing four acoustic emission probes into four acoustic emission installation grooves in the left adjusting plug, leading out a lead from the lead groove to the lead outlet groove, and connecting the lead to an acoustic emission host through a preamplifier; after the acoustic emission probe is installed, the left liquid injection shaft is inserted into the left adjusting plug in a sliding mode, the high polymer material coupling ring is placed between the left adjusting plug and the left liquid injection shaft, and all gaps among the high polymer material coupling ring, the acoustic emission probe and a sample contact surface are coated with a special coupling agent;
step 6: matching the length of the sample through the adjusting nut, aligning any virtual base line of a mark point at the left end of the holder cylinder, a mark point of a left end face screw sleeve and a left adjusting plug, aiming at ensuring that acoustic emission probes at the left end and the right end are not on the same horizontal axis, achieving a good acoustic emission test effect through dislocation of 45 degrees, and assembling the combination body and the holder cylinder in the step 5 through the left adjusting nut and the left end face screw sleeve;
and 7: placing the assembled triaxial core holder and the piston type high-pressure-resistant intermediate container in the constant-temperature water bath box, wherein the set temperature is higher than 31.1 ℃, and the temperature in the whole constant-temperature water bath box is ensured to be uniform until the core temperature reaches the temperature value set by the constant-temperature water bath box;
and 8: starting a hydraulic pump, and applying confining pressure and axial pressure on a sample until a test set value is reached; simultaneously starting the gas booster pump, converting gaseous carbon dioxide into supercritical carbon dioxide, and storing the supercritical carbon dioxide into the piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container;
and step 9: and starting the high-pressure high-speed electric hydraulic pump, injecting supercritical carbon dioxide into a left liquid injection shaft of the triaxial core holder to carry out fracturing operation, and synchronously monitoring acoustic emission signals in the sample fracturing process.
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