CN113607620B - Experimental device and method for carbon dioxide directional fracturing and permeability testing - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for carbon dioxide directional fracturing and permeability testing Download PDFInfo
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- CN113607620B CN113607620B CN202110851283.0A CN202110851283A CN113607620B CN 113607620 B CN113607620 B CN 113607620B CN 202110851283 A CN202110851283 A CN 202110851283A CN 113607620 B CN113607620 B CN 113607620B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0044—Pneumatic means
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of unconventional natural gas development experiments, and discloses an experimental device for directional fracturing and permeability testing of carbon dioxide, which comprises an air source system, an in-situ environment simulation system and a pulse testing system, wherein the in-situ environment simulation system is used for providing an experimental environment for simulating a real formation temperature and stress state for a rock core test piece, the air source system is used for providing a testing air source for the in-situ environment simulation system and providing an air source for fracturing the rock core test piece, and the pulse testing system is used for performing pulse testing on the rock core test piece to obtain the permeability. The method realizes the supercritical carbon dioxide directional fracturing shale experiment under the simulated formation condition, can simultaneously test the permeability of the rock core (axial and radial) before and after fracturing in situ, has the advantages of intellectualization, convenient operation and the like compared with the traditional experiment method and experiment equipment, and simulates the field working condition more vividly through the in-situ environment simulation system, thereby ensuring that the measurement result is more real and accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of unconventional natural gas development experiments, and particularly relates to an experimental device and method for directional fracturing and permeability testing of carbon dioxide.
Background
Shale gas has great development prospect in China, however, conventional hydraulic fracturing is not ideal for exploitation effects of many shale gas reservoirs, and supercritical CO is adopted 2 The fracturing technology can overcome many defects of conventional hydraulic fracturing, has a good application prospect, and further can control the fracture to initiate and expand according to a preset direction through the shale drilling radial prefabricated fracture directional fracturing technology so as to achieve the anti-reflection effect of a specific area of a reservoir stratum. However, the existing directional fracturing technology mainly adopts a hydraulic fracturing technology, and the permeability-increasing mechanism and effect of the supercritical carbon dioxide directional fracturing technology on the shale reservoir are not clear;on the other hand, under the stratum condition, the existing test device cannot simultaneously and accurately carry out a supercritical carbon dioxide directional fracturing experiment and a directional fracturing front-rear permeability test.
Therefore, in order to realize the supercritical carbon dioxide directional fracturing experiment and the permeability test before and after the directional fracturing under the formation condition, it is necessary to develop an experimental device and method for the supercritical carbon dioxide directional fracturing and the permeability test.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an experimental device and method for directional fracturing and permeability testing of carbon dioxide, which can simultaneously test the permeability of rock cores (axial and radial) before and after fracturing in situ, have the advantages of intelligence, convenience in operation and the like, and simulate field working conditions more vividly, so that the measurement result is more real and accurate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an experimental device for directional fracturing and permeability testing of carbon dioxide is provided, which comprises an air source system, an in-situ environment simulation system and a pulse testing system,
the in-situ environment simulation system is used for providing an experiment environment for simulating real stratum temperature and stress states for a rock core test piece, the gas source system is used for providing a test gas source for the in-situ environment simulation system and providing a gas source for fracturing the rock core test piece, and the pulse test system is used for carrying out pulse test on the rock core test piece to obtain the permeability.
As a preferred technical scheme of an experimental device for testing the directional fracturing and permeability of carbon dioxide, the gas source system comprises a carbon dioxide gas source, a gas source pressure reducer, a pneumatic supercharger, an air compressor, a supercharging end pressure sensor, a high-pressure high-speed electric hydraulic pump, a first piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container and a second piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container;
the carbon dioxide gas source is connected with the gas source pressure reducer, the gas source pressure reducer is connected with the pneumatic booster, the pneumatic booster is connected with the air compressor, a first connecting pipe is arranged at the output end of the pneumatic booster, the first piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container and the second piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container are connected with the first connecting pipe and arranged in parallel, a first stop valve is arranged on the first connecting pipe, and the first stop valve is located between the first piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container and the second piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container.
As a preferred technical scheme of the experimental device for the directional fracturing and permeability testing of the carbon dioxide, a first piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container and a second piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container are both connected with the high-pressure high-speed electric hydraulic pump, a pressure sensor at a supercharging end is connected with the high-pressure high-speed electric hydraulic pump, the first piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container and the second piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container are both connected with the external environment through a second stop valve,
as an optimal technical scheme of an experimental device for testing the directional fracturing and permeability of the carbon dioxide, the in-situ environment simulation system comprises a rock core holder, a constant-temperature water bath, a hydraulic pump, a first pressure sensor, a first temperature sensor, a temperature controller and a rock core temperature sensor;
the first piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container and the second piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container are connected to the inlet end of the rock core holder through coil pipes, and the first piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container, the second piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container and the rock core holder are all arranged in the constant-temperature water bath;
the first temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature in the constant-temperature water bath, and the core temperature sensor is installed at the inlet end of the core holder and used for monitoring the temperature in the core test piece;
the temperature controller is placed in the constant temperature water bath, first pressure sensor is installed the entry end of core holder for monitor the gas pressure of core holder entry end.
As a preferred technical scheme of the experimental device for testing the directional fracturing and permeability of the carbon dioxide, the in-situ environment simulation system further comprises a hydraulic pump, a first liquid cup, a confining pressure system and an axial pressure system, wherein the first liquid cup is used for storing liquid, the hydraulic pump is communicated with the core holder through a second connecting pipe, the first liquid cup is connected to the second connecting pipe, and the hydraulic pump can inject liquid into the core holder through the confining pressure system and the axial pressure system.
As an experimental apparatus's of directional fracturing of carbon dioxide and permeability test preferred technical scheme, be provided with confining pressure on the core holder and annotate the liquid hole and the liquid hole is annotated to the axial pressure, confining pressure annotate the liquid hole with the axial pressure annotate the liquid hole all with hydraulic pump connection, the hydraulic pump can be for core holder applys confining pressure and axial pressure.
As a preferred technical scheme of the experimental device for testing the directional fracturing and permeability of the carbon dioxide, the pulse testing system comprises a second pressure sensor, a third pressure sensor and a differential pressure sensor; the second pressure sensor is arranged at the axial outlet end of the core holder and used for detecting the gas pressure at the axial outlet end of the core holder; the third pressure sensor is arranged at the radial outlet end of the core holder and is used for measuring the gas pressure at the radial outlet end of the core holder; the differential pressure sensor is used for detecting the differential pressure of the radial air inlet end and the radial air outlet end of the core holder.
In a second aspect, an experimental method for carbon dioxide directional fracturing and permeability testing is provided, which employs the experimental apparatus for carbon dioxide directional fracturing and permeability testing as described above, and includes the following steps:
s1, prefabricating a circumferential crack in the middle of the fractured open hole section of the core test piece, wrapping the side part of the fractured open hole section of the core test piece by using a seepage net, tightly wrapping the rest side parts of the core test piece by using a rubber sleeve, then placing the core test piece into the core holder, and starting the in-situ environment simulation system to enable the core test piece to be in a temperature and stress environment required by an experiment;
s2, opening a first stop valve, adjusting the air source pressure reducer and the pneumatic booster to enable the axial permeation of the rock core test piece to be verticalThe free pressure reaches P 0 Increasing the permeate upstream pressure to P after a first predetermined time i The pressure downstream of the permeation is still maintained at P 0 Forming a pressure pulse without change, and then closing the first stop valve;
s3, recording the pressure of the inlet end of the core holder measured by the first pressure sensor and the pressure of the outlet end of the core holder measured by the second pressure sensor to form a pressure change curve, and calculating by adopting a pulse attenuation formula to obtain the axial original permeability of the core test piece after the pressure of the inlet end of the core holder and the pressure of the outlet end of the core holder are stable;
as a preferred technical scheme of the experimental method for the directional fracturing and permeability test of the carbon dioxide, the method further comprises the following steps:
s4, after the integral infiltration system is vacuumized, opening the first stop valve, and adjusting the air source pressure reducer and the pneumatic booster to enable the radial infiltration upstream and downstream pressure of the core test piece to reach P r0 After a second predetermined time, increasing the permeate upstream pressure to P ri The pressure downstream of the permeation is still maintained at P r0 Forming a pressure pulse without change, and then closing the first stop valve;
and S5, recording the pressure of the inlet end of the core holder measured by the first pressure sensor and the pressure of the outlet end of the core holder measured by the third pressure sensor to form a pressure change curve, and calculating by adopting a pulse attenuation formula to obtain the radial original permeability of the core test piece after the pressure of the inlet end of the core holder and the pressure of the outlet end of the core holder are stable.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention realizes the supercritical carbon dioxide directional fracturing shale experiment under the simulated formation condition, can simultaneously test the permeability of the rock core (axial and radial) before and after fracturing in situ, has the advantages of intellectualization, convenient operation and the like compared with the traditional experiment method and experiment equipment, and more vividly simulates the field working condition through the in-situ environment simulation system, thereby leading the measurement result to be more real and accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus for directional fracturing and permeability testing of carbon dioxide provided by the present invention;
figure 2 is a schematic structural view of a core holder provided by the present invention.
01, a carbon dioxide gas source; 02. a gas source pressure reducer; 03. a pneumatic booster; 04. an air compressor; 05. a boost end pressure sensor; 06. a second liquid cup; 07. a seventh stop valve; 08. a high-pressure high-speed electric hydraulic pump; 09. a hydraulic pump; 10. a first liquid cup; 11. an eighth stop valve; 12. a ninth cut-off valve; 13. a fifth stop valve; 14. a sixth stop valve; 15. a third stop valve; 16. a first shut-off valve; 17. a fourth stop valve; 18. a second stop valve; 19. a first piston-type high pressure resistant intermediate vessel; 20. a second piston-type high pressure resistant intermediate vessel;
21. a safety valve; 22. a first pressure gauge; 23. a constant temperature water bath; 24. a coil pipe; 25. a second pressure gauge; 26. a first pressure sensor; 27. a core temperature sensor; 28. a confining pressure system; 29. a shaft pressing system; 30. a core holder; 31. a second pressure sensor; 32. a differential pressure sensor; 33. a twelfth cut-off valve; 34. an eleventh stop valve; 35. a tenth stop valve; 36. a third pressure sensor; 37. a temperature sensor; 38. a temperature controller; 39. a control host;
40. a liquid injection shaft; 41. a left adjusting plug; 42. adjusting the nut; 43. a left end face threaded sleeve; 45. sealing the end sleeve; 46. a rubber sleeve; 47. a thirteenth cut-off valve; 48. a fourth pressure sensor; 49. a seepage net; 51. a right adjusting plug; 52. an injection pipe; 53. a right end face threaded sleeve; 54. a holder cylinder; 55. a hole packer; 56. a confining pressure liquid injection hole; 57. a core test piece; 58. axial pressure liquid injection hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally placed when the products of the present invention are used, and are used only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements to be referred to must have specific orientations, be constructed in specific orientations, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; either mechanically or electrically. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment discloses an experimental apparatus for directional fracturing and permeability testing of carbon dioxide, which includes an air source system, an in-situ environment simulation system and a pulse testing system, wherein the in-situ environment simulation system is used for providing an experimental environment for simulating a real formation temperature and a stress state for a core test piece 57, the air source system is used for providing a testing air source for the in-situ environment simulation system and providing an air source for fracturing the core test piece 57, and the pulse testing system is used for performing a pulse test on the core test piece 57 to obtain a permeability.
The air source system comprises a carbon dioxide air source 01, an air source pressure reducer 02, a pneumatic supercharger 03, an air compressor 04, a supercharging end pressure sensor 05, a high-pressure high-speed electric hydraulic pump 08, a first piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container 19, a second piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container 20, a safety valve 21, a first pressure gauge 22 and a coil pipe 24.
The volume of the first piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 19 is 1 liter, the volume of the second piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 20 is 500 milliliters, and the first piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 19 and the second piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 20 are resistant to carbon dioxide and can be soaked in water for use.
The carbon dioxide gas source 01 provides high-pressure carbon dioxide for the pulse testing system, the carbon dioxide gas source 01 is connected with the gas source pressure reducer 02, and the output pressure of the gas source is stabilized to a specific pressure value by adjusting the gas source pressure reducer 02; the gas source pressure reducer 02 is connected with the pneumatic booster 03, so that the pressure of the carbon dioxide output by the gas source pressure reducer 02 is boosted to a certain required output pressure. The pneumatic booster 03 is connected to an air compressor 04, and the air compressor 04 provides a driving force for the pneumatic booster 03 so that the pneumatic booster 03 can be pressurized. The output end of the pneumatic supercharger 03 is provided with a first connecting pipe, and the first piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 19 and the second piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 20 are connected with the first connecting pipe and arranged in parallel. A first shut-off valve 16 is arranged on the first connecting pipe, the first shut-off valve 16 being located between a first piston-type high-pressure resistant intermediate reservoir 19 and a second piston-type high-pressure resistant intermediate reservoir 20. The pneumatic booster 03 can store the pressurized carbon dioxide (7.38MPa < P <30MPa) to the first piston-type high pressure resistant intermediate container 19 and the second piston-type high pressure resistant intermediate container 20.
The first piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 19 and the second piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 20 are both connected with the external environment through the second stop valve 18, and exhaust is carried out on the first piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 19 and the second piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 20. A third stop valve 15 is arranged between the first connecting pipe and the first piston-type high-pressure-resistant intermediate container 19 for controlling whether the first piston-type high-pressure-resistant intermediate container 19 is inflated or not and for controlling whether the first piston-type high-pressure-resistant intermediate container 19 is deflated or not. And a safety valve 21 is arranged on the first connecting pipe, and when the supercritical fluid in the first piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 19 and the second piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 20 exceeds the system protection pressure threshold value, the safety valve 21 automatically reduces the pressure to protect the system. A first pressure gauge 22 is arranged on the first connecting pipe, and a fourth stop valve 17 is arranged between the first pressure gauge 22 and the first connecting pipe. The first pressure gauge 22 is used for detecting the pressure of the first piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 19 and the second piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 20.
The first piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 19 and the second piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 20 are both connected with the high pressure high speed electric hydraulic pump 08, concretely, the high pressure high speed electric hydraulic pump 08 is connected with the pressure of the first piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 19 and the pressure of the second piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 20 through a third connecting pipe, a fifth stop valve 13 is arranged between the third connecting pipe and the first piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 19, and a sixth stop valve 14 is arranged between the third connecting pipe and the second piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 20. The pressure sensor 05 at the pressure boost end is connected with the high-pressure high-speed electric hydraulic pump 08, specifically, the pressure sensor 05 at the pressure boost end is arranged on the third connecting pipe, and the pressure sensor 05 at the pressure boost end is used for monitoring the hydraulic pressure output by the high-pressure high-speed electric hydraulic pump 08.
The air source system further comprises a second liquid cup 06, the second liquid cup 06 is arranged on the third connecting pipe and located between the high-pressure high-speed electric hydraulic pump 08 and the piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container, a seventh stop valve 07 is arranged between the second liquid cup 06 and the third connecting pipe, and the second liquid cup 06 is used for storing liquid. The high-pressure high-speed electric hydraulic pump 08 may deliver the liquid in the second liquid cup 06 to the first piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container 19 and the second piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container 20, so that the pistons in the first piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container 19 and the second piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container 20 further compress the supercritical carbon dioxide stored in the first piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container 19 and the second piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container 20, and the gas pressure range that can be achieved is 0 to 70 MPa.
The in-situ environment simulation system comprises a core holder 30, a constant temperature water bath 23, a hydraulic pump 09, a first pressure sensor 26, a first temperature sensor 37, a temperature controller 38 and a core temperature sensor 27.
The first piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 19 and the second piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 20 are both connected to the inlet end of the core holder 30 through a coiled pipe 24, specifically, a first connecting pipe is connected to the coiled pipe 24, and a second pressure gauge 25 is arranged at one end of the coiled pipe 24 close to the inlet end of the core holder 30. The supercritical carbon dioxide compressed in the first piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 19 and the second piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 20 is conveyed to the inlet end of the core holder 30 through the coil pipe 24. The first piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 19, the second piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 20, the core holder 30 and the coil pipe 24 are all arranged in a constant temperature water bath 23.
The first temperature sensor 37 is used to measure the temperature in the constant temperature water bath 23, thereby detecting the temperature of the water in the constant temperature water bath 23. A core temperature sensor 27 is mounted at the inlet end of the core holder 30 for monitoring the temperature within the core specimen 57. The temperature controller 38 is disposed in the constant temperature water bath 23 and is used for accurately monitoring the temperature of the water in the constant temperature water bath 23 and controlling the temperature of the water in the constant temperature water bath 23.
A first pressure sensor 26 is mounted at the inlet end of the core holder 30 for monitoring the gas pressure at the inlet end of the core holder 30. The in-situ environment simulation system further comprises a hydraulic pump 09, a first liquid cup 10, a confining pressure system 28 and an axial pressure system 29, wherein the confining pressure system 28 and the axial pressure system 29 are arranged in the constant-temperature water bath 23. The hydraulic pump 09 communicates with the core holder 30 via a second connection pipe, which is in particular connected to the confining pressure system 28 and the axial pressure system 29. The first liquid cup 10 is used for storing liquid, the first liquid cup 10 is connected to the second connecting pipe, and an eighth stop valve 11 is arranged between the first liquid cup 10 and the second connecting pipe. The axle pressing system 29 is disposed adjacent to the hydraulic pump 09, and the first cup 10 is located between the hydraulic pump 09 and the axle pressing system 29. The second connecting pipe is provided with a ninth stop valve 12 which is positioned between the first liquid cup 10 and the axial compression system 29. A tenth stop valve 35 is arranged between the second connecting pipe and the confining pressure system 28, and an eleventh stop valve 34 is arranged between the second connecting pipe and the axial pressure system 29.
The hydraulic pump 09 can input the liquid in the first liquid cup 10 into the confining pressure system 28 and the axial pressure system 29 through the second connection pipe, so that the liquid is injected into the core holder 30 through the confining pressure system 28 and the axial pressure system 29, and the core specimen 57 in the core holder 30 is in the confining pressure and axial pressure environment required by the experiment. After pressurization and testing is complete, the hydraulic pump 09 can draw the fluid within the core holder 30 back into the first cup 10 via the confining pressure system 28 and the axial pressure system 29.
The working temperature range of the constant temperature water bath 23 is-20-100 ℃, and in order to ensure that the medium injected into the core test piece 57 is supercritical carbon dioxide, the first piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 19, the second piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 20 and the interconnected pipelines thereof are all arranged in the constant temperature water bath 23. When the temperature of the constant temperature water bath 23 is adjusted to be above 31.1 ℃, the carbon dioxide stored in the piston first piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 19 and the piston second piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 20 can be ensured to be supercritical carbon dioxide. The core holder 30 is provided with a confining pressure liquid injection hole 56 and an axial pressure liquid injection hole 58, the confining pressure liquid injection hole 56 and the axial pressure liquid injection hole 58 are both connected with the hydraulic pump 09, and the hydraulic pump 09 can independently apply confining pressure and axial pressure to the core holder 30. Wherein the confining pressure range is 0-70MPa, and the axial pressure range is 0-100 MPa.
The rock core holder 30 is a triaxial holder, the main function of the rock core holder 30 is to hold and protect a rock core test piece 57 and seal a cylindrical surface or an end surface, the rock core holder 30 comprises a left adjusting plug 41, a right adjusting plug 51, a holder cylinder 54, an adjusting nut 42, a left end face screw sleeve 43, a right end face screw sleeve 53, a first O-shaped seal ring, a second O-shaped seal ring, a third O-shaped seal ring, a wire guide groove, a wire outlet, an acoustic emission probe mounting groove, a spring support mounting groove, a high polymer material coupling ring, a seal end sleeve 45, an axial pressure injection hole 58, a confining pressure injection hole 56, an injection shaft 40, a rubber sleeve 46 and an injection pipeline 52. The acoustic emission probe mounting groove and the spring bracket mounting groove are correspondingly arranged, and the core test piece 57 is a cylinder with the diameter of 100mm and the height of 200 mm.
The confining pressure injection hole 56 and the axial pressure injection hole 58 are specifically arranged on the holder barrel 54, the confining pressure injection hole 56 is positioned on the side wall of the holder barrel, and the axial pressure injection hole 58 is positioned at the right end of the holder barrel 54. Also provided on the side wall of the holder cylinder 54 are detection holes that are symmetrically disposed about the confining pressure injection hole 56. The fourth pressure sensor 48 is installed on the detection hole, and a thirteenth cut-off valve 47 is installed on the detection hole.
The inner edges of the left and right end surfaces of the gripper barrel 54 are respectively provided with a mark point, and the mark points are positioned on the same transverse axis along the barrel body; two marking points are arranged on the inner edge and the outer edge of the circular rings of the left end surface thread insert 43 and the right end surface thread insert 53, and the marking points and the central point are positioned on the same longitudinal axis; the side wall of the adjusting nut 42 is provided with two solid lines, and the solid lines and the central axis are parallel and coplanar pairwise.
The first O-ring is arranged in the sealing end sleeve 45 to prevent the medium in the confining pressure cavity from leaking. And a second O-shaped sealing ring is arranged in the right adjusting plug 51 and the right adjusting nut 42 and is used for preventing the medium in the axial compression cavity from leaking. The third O-shaped sealing rings in the end faces of the left and right liquid injection shafts 40, which are in contact with the core test piece 57, are used for limiting the supercritical carbon dioxide on the end faces in the third O-shaped sealing rings, so that the sealing performance during the injection of the supercritical carbon dioxide is ensured, the pore pressure is normally provided for the core test piece 57, and the core holder 30 is not damaged; an injection line 52 in the injection mandrel 40 is used for injection of supercritical carbon dioxide, and the injection mandrel 40 (left or right) can realize injection of the fracturing medium.
Four acoustic emission probe mounting grooves which are uniformly distributed are arranged in the end faces of the left adjusting plug 41 and the right adjusting plug 51, which are in contact with the core test piece 57, and the included angle between the center of each two adjacent acoustic emission probe mounting grooves and the center of the end face is 90 degrees; the outer side surfaces of the left adjusting plug 41 and the right adjusting plug 51 are respectively provided with four real base lines, the four real base lines respectively correspond to the central point of the acoustic emission probe mounting groove, and a virtual base line is arranged between every two real base lines at equal intervals in parallel.
The distance between the center line of the acoustic emission probe mounting groove and the outer side surface of the adjusting plug is 15mm-25mm, the size of the acoustic emission probe mounting groove is determined by the specification of the acoustic emission probe, the center of the spring support mounting groove is aligned with the center of the acoustic emission probe mounting groove and communicated with the center of the acoustic emission probe mounting groove, and the size of the spring support mounting groove is 1/2 of the size of the acoustic emission probe mounting groove. The inside wall of the acoustic emission probe mounting groove is provided with a buffer sponge with the thickness of 2 mm. And a spring gasket is arranged in a spring bracket mounting groove at the bottom communicated with the acoustic emission probe mounting groove and used for tightly propping the acoustic emission probe to enable the acoustic emission probe to be always in close contact with the high polymer material coupling ring. The wire groove is positioned between the left adjusting plug 41, the right adjusting plug 51 and the left and right liquid injection shafts 40, and aims to lead out a terminal connected with the sound emission probe and a wire connected with the terminal, and the wire is connected with the sound emission host machine through a wire outlet.
The high polymer material coupling ring is arranged in a ring formed by the left adjusting plug 41, the right adjusting plug 51 and the liquid injection shaft 40, and a special coupling agent is smeared on a gap between the high polymer material coupling ring and the ring and on a contact surface of the high polymer material coupling ring and the rock core test piece 57 and on a contact surface of the sound emission probe. The polymer material coupling ring can generate certain coordinated deformation under the test conditions of triaxial stress loading and high pore pressure, and can be always in close contact with the surface of the core test piece 57 and the coupling surface of the acoustic emission probe, so that the acoustic emission signal reception in the test process is ensured.
The impulse testing system includes a second pressure sensor 31, a third pressure sensor 36 and a differential pressure sensor 32. A second pressure sensor 31 is mounted at the axially outlet end of the core holder 30 for detecting the gas pressure at the axially outlet end of the core holder 30. A third pressure sensor 36 is mounted at the radially outlet end of the core holder 30 for measuring the gas pressure at the radially outlet end of the core holder 30. A twelfth shut-off valve 33 is arranged between the third pressure sensor 36 and the core holder 30. A differential pressure sensor 32 is used to detect the pressure difference between the radial inlet end and the radial outlet end of the core holder 30.
The pulse testing system further comprises a control host 39, wherein the first pressure sensor 26, the second pressure sensor 31, the third pressure sensor 36, the pressure increasing end pressure sensor 05, the core temperature sensor 27, the first temperature sensor 37 and the temperature controller 38 are electrically connected with the control host 39, and the control host 39 can automatically read collected data.
The embodiment also discloses an experimental method for testing the directional fracturing and permeability of the carbon dioxide, which adopts the experimental device for testing the directional fracturing and permeability of the carbon dioxide, and the experimental method comprises the following steps:
s1, prefabricating a circumferential crack in the middle of the fractured open hole section of the core test piece 57, and wrapping the side surface part of the fractured open hole section of the core test piece 57 with a seepage net 49, wherein the seepage net 4949 is a high-strength wire net with the thickness of 1 cm. The rest side parts of the core test piece 57 are tightly wrapped by the rubber sleeve 46, then the core test piece 57 is placed into the holder cylinder 54 of the core holder 30, and the in-situ environment simulation system is started to enable the core test piece 57 to be in the temperature and stress environment required by the experiment.
S2, opening the first stop valve 16, adjusting the air source pressure reducer 02 and the pneumatic booster 03 to enable the axial permeation upstream and downstream pressure of the core test piece 57 to reach P 0 After the first preset time (the first preset time is specifically 5min to 10min, preferably 8min in this embodiment), the permeation upstream pressure is increased to P i （P i As measured by first pressure sensor 26), permeate downstream pressure remains P 0 （P 0 Measured by the second pressure sensor 31) is constant, a pressure pulse is formed, and then the first shut-off valve 16 is closed.
S3, the control host 39 automatically records the pressure at the inlet end of the core holder 30 measured by the first pressure sensor 26 and the pressure at the outlet end of the core holder 30 measured by the second pressure sensor 31 to form a pressure change curve, and after the pressure at the inlet end of the core holder 30 and the pressure at the outlet end of the core holder are stable, the axial original permeability K of the core test piece 57 is calculated by adopting a pulse attenuation formula 0 。
S4, after the integral infiltration system is vacuumized, the first stop valve 16 is opened, the air source pressure reducer 02 and the pneumatic booster 03 are adjusted, and the radial infiltration upstream and downstream pressure of the core test piece 57 reaches P r0 After a second predetermined time (specifically, the second predetermined time is 5min to 10min, preferably 8min in the present embodiment), the upstream pressure of the permeation is increased to P ri （P ri As measured by first pressure sensor 26), permeate downstream pressure remains P r0 （P r0 Measured by the third pressure sensor 36) is constant, a pressure pulse is formed, and the first shut-off valve 16 is then closed.
S5, the control host 39 automatically records the pressure at the inlet end of the core holder 30 measured by the first pressure sensor 26 and the pressure at the outlet end of the core holder 30 measured by the third pressure sensor 36 to form a pressure change curve, and after the pressure at the inlet end of the core holder 30 and the pressure at the outlet end of the core holder are stable, the radial original permeability K of the core test piece 57 is calculated by adopting a pulse attenuation formula r0 。
Taking the second piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 20 as an example, the supercritical carbon dioxide cracking digital control software in the control host 39 is opened, the carbon dioxide gas source 01 and the third stop valve 15 are opened, and the carbon dioxide is stored in the second piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container 20 through the gas source pressure reducer 02 and the pneumatic supercharger 03; and closing the fifth stop valve 13, controlling the high-pressure high-speed electric hydraulic pump 08, driving the piston of the second piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container 20 to form a high-pressure supercritical fluid for the carbon dioxide stored in the second piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container 20, and opening the fifth stop valve 13, the third stop valve 15 and the fourth stop valve 17 to enable the supercritical fluid to reach the inlet end of the core clamper 30 through the coil pipe 24 to perform directional fracturing on the core test piece 57.
After fracturing is finished, the fifth stop valve 13, the third stop valve 15 and the fourth stop valve 17 are closed, S4 is repeated, and the radial original permeability K of the directionally fractured core test piece 57 is calculated by adopting a pulse attenuation method formula 1 。
Core original permeability axial direction K in step S3 0 Calculated by formula (1) and formula (2) (i.e. the pulse attenuation formula):
the formula (1) is the change rule of the pressure of the upstream and downstream pressure vessels of the axial infiltration system along with the time in the method. The coefficient α in the formula (1) can be calculated from the formula (2).
P 1 Is the steady pressure at the inlet end of the core holder 30 after t hours;
P 2 is the steady pressure at the outlet end of the core holder 30 after t hours;
a is the cross-sectional area of the core test piece 57;
L 0 is the length below the fracture zone;
μ is the gas viscosity;
beta is the gas compression coefficient;
V 1 is the volume of gas in the connecting tube between the first shut-off valve 16 to the inlet end of the core holder 30;
V 2 is the volume of gas in the connecting tube between the outlet end of the core holder 30 and the fifth shut-off valve 13.
In step S4 the core specimen 57 original permeability radial direction K r Calculated by formula (3) and formula (4) (i.e. the pulse attenuation formula):
formula (3) is the change rule of the pressure of the upstream and downstream pressure vessels of the radial infiltration system along with the time in the method of the invention, and the coefficient alpha in formula (3) r The permeability of the core test piece 57 may be calculated according to equation (4).
In the formula, P 1r For the steady pressure at the inlet end of the core holder 30 after t times, P 2r For the pressure at the outlet end of the core holder 30 to stabilize after t time, L r Height of the fracture zone (m), μ is gas viscosity, V 1 Is the volume of gas, V, in the connecting tube between the first shut-off valve 16 and the inlet end of the core holder 30 2 Is the volume of gas in the connecting tube between the outlet end of the core holder 30 and the thirteenth shut-off valve 47.
The invention realizes the supercritical carbon dioxide directional fracturing shale experiment under the simulated formation condition, can simultaneously test the axial permeability and the radial permeability of the rock core before and after fracturing in situ, has the advantages of intellectualization, convenient operation and the like compared with the traditional experiment method and experiment equipment, and simulates the field working condition more vividly through the in-situ environment simulation system, thereby ensuring that the measurement result is more real and accurate.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An experimental device for directional fracturing and permeability testing of carbon dioxide is characterized by comprising an air source system, an in-situ environment simulation system and a pulse testing system,
the in-situ environment simulation system is used for providing an experiment environment for simulating a real formation temperature and stress state for a rock core test piece (57), the gas source system is used for providing a test gas source for the in-situ environment simulation system and providing a gas source for fracturing the rock core test piece (57), and the pulse test system is used for performing pulse test on the rock core test piece (57) to obtain the permeability;
the gas source system comprises a carbon dioxide gas source (01), a gas source pressure reducer (02), a pneumatic booster (03), an air compressor (04), a booster end pressure sensor (05), a high-pressure high-speed electric hydraulic pump (08), a first piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container (19) and a second piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container (20);
the carbon dioxide gas source (01) is connected with the gas source pressure reducer (02), the gas source pressure reducer (02) is connected with the pneumatic supercharger (03), the pneumatic supercharger (03) is connected with the air compressor (04), a first connecting pipe is arranged at the output end of the pneumatic supercharger (03), a first piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container (19) and a second piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container (20) are both connected with the first connecting pipe and are arranged in parallel, a first stop valve (16) is arranged on the first connecting pipe, and the first stop valve (16) is positioned between the first piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container (19) and the second piston type high pressure resistant intermediate container (20);
the in-situ environment simulation system comprises a rock core clamp holder (30), a constant-temperature water bath (23), a hydraulic pump (09), a first pressure sensor (26), a first temperature sensor (37), a temperature controller (38) and a rock core temperature sensor (27);
the first piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container (19) and the second piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container (20) are connected to the inlet end of the rock core holder (30) through a coil pipe (24), and the first piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container (19), the second piston type high-pressure resistant intermediate container (20) and the rock core holder (30) are all arranged in the constant-temperature water bath (23);
the first temperature sensor (37) is used for measuring the temperature in the constant-temperature water bath (23), and the core temperature sensor (27) is arranged at the inlet end of the core clamper (30) and used for monitoring the temperature in the core test piece (57);
the temperature controller (38) is placed in the constant-temperature water bath (23), and the first pressure sensor (26) is installed at the inlet end of the core holder (30) and used for monitoring the gas pressure at the inlet end of the core holder (30);
the impulse testing system comprises a second pressure sensor (31), a third pressure sensor (36) and a differential pressure sensor (32); the second pressure sensor (31) is arranged at the axial outlet end of the core holder (30) and is used for detecting the gas pressure at the axial outlet end of the core holder (30); the third pressure sensor (36) is mounted at the radially outlet end of the core holder (30) for measuring the gas pressure at the radially outlet end of the core holder (30); the differential pressure sensor (32) is used for detecting the pressure difference of the radial air inlet end and the radial air outlet end of the core clamper (30).
2. Experimental set-up according to claim 1, characterized in that a first piston-type high pressure resistant intermediate reservoir (19) and a second piston-type high pressure resistant intermediate reservoir (20) are connected to the high pressure high speed electric hydraulic pump (08), the pressure sensor (05) is connected to the high pressure high speed electric hydraulic pump (08), and the first piston-type high pressure resistant intermediate reservoir (19) and the second piston-type high pressure resistant intermediate reservoir (20) are connected to the outside environment through a second shut-off valve (18).
3. The laboratory apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said in-situ environmental simulation system further comprises a hydraulic pump (09), a first liquid cup (10), a confining pressure system (28) and an axial pressure system (29), said first liquid cup (10) being used for storing a liquid, said hydraulic pump (09) being in communication with said core holder (30) through a second connection pipe, said first liquid cup (10) being connected to said second connection pipe, said hydraulic pump (09) being capable of injecting a liquid into said core holder (30) through said confining pressure system (28) and said axial pressure system (29).
4. Experimental device according to claim 3, characterized in that confining pressure liquid injection hole (56) and axial pressure liquid injection hole (58) are provided on the core holder (30), the confining pressure liquid injection hole (56) and the axial pressure liquid injection hole (58) are both connected with the hydraulic pump (09), and the hydraulic pump (09) can apply confining pressure and axial pressure to the core holder (30).
5. The experimental method for the directional carbon dioxide fracturing and permeability test is characterized by adopting the experimental device for the directional carbon dioxide fracturing and permeability test of claim 4, and comprising the following steps of:
s1, prefabricating a circumferential crack in the middle of the fracturing open hole section of the core test piece (57), wrapping the side part of the fracturing open hole section of the core test piece (57) by using a seepage net (49), tightly wrapping the rest side part of the core test piece (57) by using a rubber sleeve (46), then putting the core test piece (57) into the core holder (30), and starting the in-situ environment simulation system to enable the core test piece (57) to be in a temperature and stress environment required by an experiment;
s2, opening a first stop valve (16), and adjusting the air source pressure reducer (02) and the pneumatic booster (03) to enable the axial permeation upstream and downstream pressure of the core test piece (57) to reach P 0 First, aAfter a predetermined time, increase the permeate upstream pressure to P i The pressure downstream of the permeation is still maintained at P 0 -unchanged, a pressure pulse is formed, then the first shut-off valve (16) is closed;
s3, recording the pressure of the inlet end of the core holder (30) measured by the first pressure sensor (26) and the pressure of the outlet end of the core holder (30) measured by the second pressure sensor (31) to form a pressure change curve, and calculating the axial original permeability of the core test piece (57) by adopting a pulse attenuation method formula after the pressure of the inlet end of the core holder (30) and the pressure of the outlet end of the core holder are stable.
6. The experimental method of claim 5, further comprising:
s4, after the integral infiltration system is vacuumized, the first stop valve (16) is opened, the air source pressure reducer (02) and the pneumatic booster (03) are adjusted, and the radial infiltration upstream and downstream pressure of the core test piece (57) reaches P r0 After a second predetermined time, increasing the permeate upstream pressure to P ri The pressure downstream of the permeation is still maintained at P r0 -unchanged, a pressure pulse is formed, then the first shut-off valve (16) is closed;
s5, recording the pressure of the inlet end of the core holder (30) measured by the first pressure sensor (26) and the pressure of the outlet end of the core holder (30) measured by the third pressure sensor (36) to form a pressure change curve, and calculating the radial original permeability of the core test piece (57) by adopting a pulse attenuation method formula after the pressure of the inlet end of the core holder (30) and the pressure of the outlet end of the core holder are stable.
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