CN113153255B - Shaft device and method for simulating horizontal well crack synchronous propagation experiment - Google Patents
Shaft device and method for simulating horizontal well crack synchronous propagation experiment Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 28
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 25
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a shaft device and a method for simulating a horizontal well fracture synchronous expansion experiment, which are applied to the technical field of production increase transformation of compact sandstone reservoirs and aim to solve the problem that staged fracturing and multi-fracture synchronous expansion are difficult to realize in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of yield increasing and transformation of tight sandstone reservoirs, and particularly relates to a shaft device design technology of a physical simulation experiment.
Background
With the continuous deepening of oil and gas exploration and development, deep and ultra-deep reservoir beds gradually become important fields of increasing storage and increasing production of oil and gas resources. The compact sandstone reservoir is deep in buried depth and poor in physical property, the traditional oil and gas exploitation means cannot meet the production requirement, and the reservoir is industrially exploited only by performing horizontal segmented multi-cluster fracturing transformation on the reservoir. According to the horizontal well staged multi-cluster fracturing technology, multi-cluster perforation is performed in the same fracturing section, multi-cluster cracks are pressed open at one time, the seepage distance from oil gas to hydraulic cracks is reduced, the transformation volume is increased, and the construction time and the construction cost are reduced. The existing research shows that the strong stress interference among the seams exists in the horizontal well subsection multi-cluster fracturing process in the fracturing process, namely the stress shadow effect, which has important influence on the hydraulic fracture propagation path and the seam width and is concentrated on the following two aspects: firstly, in the same fracturing section, the width of a crack is reduced due to the influence of additional stress fields of cracks on two sides of a middle perforating cluster, even the crack stops expanding or is converged, so that the non-uniform expansion of a hydraulic crack is caused, and the reservoir transformation efficiency is reduced; secondly, the fracture is pressed open firstly, which can generate serious interference to the expansion of the hydraulic fracture of the subsequent fracturing section, so that the post-pressing fracture can not expand along the direction vertical to the shaft, the fracture deflects, even expands along the direction parallel to the shaft, the length of the fracture is reduced, and the wave and the volume of the fracture network are reduced. Therefore, in order to disclose a multi-fracture non-uniform extension mechanism in a staged multi-cluster fracturing process, the inter-fracture stress interference and the inter-cluster flow dynamic distribution process are comprehensively considered, and a plurality of problems need to be researched, such as: (1) whether all perforation clusters can crack in each section; (2) Whether the fracture propagation is synchronous or not is what the optimal perforation clusters are within each section of the fracture morphology (3) that is expected by the design, and so on. However, at present, a research mode aiming at the expansion form of multiple fractures in the horizontal well section of the compact sandstone reservoir is relatively single, and the structure of a well shaft adopted in the existing research is complex and the operation is complex. Therefore, an experimental device and method capable of implementing the above functions are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a shaft device and a method for simulating a horizontal well fracture synchronous expansion experiment, which are beneficial to analyzing the influence rule of interval, number and interval of perforation clusters, fracturing sequence, horizontal stress difference, horizontal section cementing quality and the like of different sections on the staged fracturing multi-fracture synchronous expansion form of the compact sandstone horizontal well.
One of the technical schemes adopted by the invention is as follows: a wellbore device for simulating a horizontal well fracture synchronous propagation experiment comprises: the system comprises a simulation well hole, a simulation shaft, a liquid injection pipeline and a sealing ring; the simulation shaft is arranged in the simulation borehole and comprises a plurality of shaft sections with different outer diameters, each shaft section corresponds to one sealing fracturing section, and epoxy resin pouring sealant is used for sealing;
the liquid injection pipeline is arranged in the shaft, each fracturing section corresponds to one independent injection pipeline, one liquid injection pipeline comprises a fracturing liquid injection pipe, a fracturing liquid flow guide pipe and a perforation cluster, the perforation cluster is positioned in the middle of the shaft section corresponding to the fracturing section, and the fracturing liquid flow guide pipe extends from the end part of the simulated shaft to the corresponding shaft section and is connected with the perforation cluster; the other end of the fracturing fluid diversion pipe is connected with the fracturing fluid injection pipe through a high-pressure threaded joint.
Urea is filled between the outer wall of the well cylinder section in each sealed fracturing section and the simulated well hole.
The sealing device further comprises a sealing washer, and the inner diameter of the sealing washer is matched with the outer diameter of the joint between the well barrel sections and is used for loading epoxy resin pouring sealant.
The distance between the perforation clusters is 3 to 7 times of the distance from the outer wall of the section of the shaft with the largest outer diameter of the simulated shaft to the inner wall of the simulated borehole.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for simulating a horizontal well fracture synchronous propagation experiment comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a natural outcrop of compact sandstone, processing the outcrop into a standard cubic sample, photographing and recording the bedding of the peripheral surface of the sample and the state of a natural crack;
s2, drilling a blind hole in the middle of the sample along a parallel bedding direction to serve as a simulated borehole;
s3, placing the simulated shaft in the simulated borehole, sealing the simulated shaft in a segmented manner by using epoxy resin pouring sealant, and filling urea between the outer wall of the segmented simulated shaft and the borehole;
s4, placing the sample prepared in the step S3 in a triaxial loading device, applying three-dimensional ground stress to the sample according to an experimental scheme, ensuring that the direction of a well hole is parallel to the direction of minimum horizontal ground stress, starting a liquid injection system, pumping fracturing liquid into a shaft at constant discharge capacity, simultaneously recording pressure change of a wellhead by using a pressure sensor until a multi-section synchronous fracturing and crack synchronous expansion experiment is completed, stopping the pump, and closing a liquid injection pipeline valve;
s5, after the experiment is finished, taking out the sample, photographing the surface of the sample, recording crack extension paths of different fracture sections, sectioning the sample by using a wire cutting machine, and analyzing the initiation and extension forms of multiple cracks near the near shaft;
s6, comprehensively analyzing a bedding surface/natural fracture scanning result, a fracturing fluid tracer display, a pumping pressure curve, acoustic emission positioning and sample sectioning result before comprehensive experiment, and completing comprehensive analysis of a multi-fracture synchronous expansion mechanism in the tight sandstone horizontal well section.
The interval of the perforation clusters is 3 to 7 times of the distance from the outer wall of the shaft to the inner wall of the well hole.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to a shaft device and an experimental method for a physical simulation experiment of multi-crack synchronous expansion in a tight sandstone horizontal well section, which are used for simulating the problem of multi-crack synchronous expansion of staged fracturing of a sandstone horizontal well under the deep in-situ stress condition, and performing synchronous fracturing on a sample by designing perforation clusters with the spacing of 60mm according to an experimental scheme, and have the characteristics of simple operation and high positioning precision; the method is beneficial to disclosing an induced stress forming mechanism among cracks in the staged fracturing process of the tight sandstone horizontal well, can quantitatively research the influence rule of intervals of different sections, the number and the intervals of perforation clusters, the fracturing sequence, the horizontal stress difference, the horizontal section cementing quality and the like on the staged fracturing multi-crack expansion form of the shale horizontal well, and provides theoretical basis and technical support for staged fracturing construction scheme decision-making and construction parameter design of the sandstone horizontal well.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a simulated wellbore according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an assembly view of a simulated wellbore injection manifold according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the sealing of the casing injection manifold according to the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1-a rock sample; 2-a loading plate; 3-a liquid injection line; 4-perforating clusters; 5-simulating a wellbore; 6-sealing gaskets; 7-urea; 8-epoxy resin.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the technical contents of the present invention by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to carry out a horizontal well staged fracturing physical simulation experiment on compact sandstone, study a stress interference mechanism between fractures after fracturing fractures are synchronously opened in a multi-fracture synchronous expansion process and overcome the defect that the prior art cannot ensure that multiple clusters of fractures are simultaneously opened and synchronously expanded, the invention provides a shaft device and a method for the multi-fracture synchronous expansion physical simulation experiment in the horizontal well section of a compact sandstone reservoir, and the device comprises a simulation shaft, a liquid injection pipeline and a sealing washer as shown in figure 1.
The simulated shaft is mainly composed of a high-strength steel pipe 5, three flow guide pipelines and perforation clusters 4 in the steel pipe, the three perforation clusters are connected with respective flow guide pipes and correspond to different fracturing sections, meanwhile, the outer diameters of shafts corresponding to the different fracturing sections are different, sealing washers 6 matched with the sealing washers can be placed at nodes of the outer diameters of different shafts to separate different fracturing sections, the sealing washers 6 are placed at the nodes of the outer diameters of the shafts and the shafts, the sealing washers 6 are used for bearing epoxy resin 8, then one sealing washer 6 is placed to separate the epoxy resin 8 from urea 7, the epoxy resin 8 can be prevented from leaking into the urea 7, the two sealing washers 6 and the epoxy resin 8 between the two sealing washers 6 can separate each fracturing section to prevent fracturing section from influencing the experimental effect due to fracturing fluid flow in the fracturing process, the urea 7 is used for filling the annulus between the shaft and the shaft wall, and the actual situation of large-scale fracturing construction on site is simulated; the injection pipeline 3 is used for injecting high-pressure fluid into the shafts of different fracturing sections, and each injection pipeline 3 is connected with the flow guide pipeline of different fracturing sections through a high-pressure threaded joint to form an independent liquid inlet channel, so that a plurality of fracturing sections are formed in the rock sample 1, different fracturing sections are synchronously fractured respectively, and the experiment of synchronous expansion of multiple fractures is realized.
The independent liquid inlet channel is a high-pressure fluid injected from the liquid injection pipeline 3, and flows into the sealed fracturing section through the perforation clusters in each fracturing section for fracturing.
In the example, the simulated shaft is a 304 high-strength steel pipe with the outer diameter of 30mm and the inner diameter of 15mm, the highest pressure resistance is 50MPa, wherein the outer diameters of shafts of different fracturing sections are respectively 30mm, 28mm, 26mm and 24mm, sealing gaskets corresponding to different inner diameters are respectively 30mm, 28mm, 26mm and 24mm, the diameter of the simulated shaft is 50mm, the perforation cluster interval is set at the minimum distance from the shaft to the shaft wall in the example, the perforation interval designed in the general actual fracturing construction is 3-7 times from the shaft to the shaft wall, and the perforation cluster interval is set at 60mm 6 times from the shaft to the shaft wall in the example; the diversion pipeline and the injection pipeline 3 adopt 304 high-strength steel pipes with the outer diameter of 3mm, the inner diameter of 2mm and the highest pressure resistance of 50MPa, and synchronous fracturing is carried out on different fracturing sections by simultaneously injecting high-pressure fluid to realize synchronous expansion of fractures.
The shaft can be directly placed into the well hole for pouring and sealing in the sample preparation process, the shaft can be completely taken out through sectioning the sample after the experiment is completed, and the experimental shaft under the same condition can be recycled. The shaft of the invention has the characteristics of convenient installation, high reversibility and high efficiency.
The shaft device of the embodiment is adopted to carry out shale horizontal well subsection multi-cluster fracturing physical simulation experiment, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and (3) preparing and describing a sample, namely selecting a natural dense sandstone outcrop as a research object, processing the natural outcrop into a standard cube of 300mm multiplied by 300mm, photographing and recording the bedding of the peripheral surface of the sample and the state of natural cracks.
Step two: and drilling a blind hole with the diameter of 50mm and the depth of 250mm in the middle of the sample along the parallel bedding direction to serve as a simulated borehole, and wiping the blind hole clean by absolute ethyl alcohol.
Step three: placing a simulated shaft comprising a plurality of fracturing sections into a rock sample blind hole, adopting two sealing gaskets, and adding a Kafter K-9741 epoxy resin pouring sealant between the two sealing gaskets to seal different fracturing sections; the mass ratio of the curing agent to the epoxy resin is 1;
step four: the prepared sample is placed in a triaxial loading device, three-dimensional ground stress is applied to the sample according to an experimental scheme, the direction of a well hole is ensured to be parallel to the direction of the minimum horizontal ground stress, a liquid injection system is started, fracturing liquid is pumped into a shaft at constant discharge capacity, the pressure change of a wellhead is recorded by using a pressure sensor at the same time until the experiment of multi-section synchronous fracturing and synchronous crack expansion is completed, the pump is stopped, and a liquid injection pipeline valve is closed. In the experiment process, the acoustic emission probe is pasted on the loading plate 2, and acoustic emission signals in the fracturing process of different fracturing sections are synchronously monitored;
step five: after the experiment is finished, taking out the sample, taking a picture of the surface of the sample, recording crack extension paths of different fracture sections, sectioning the sample by using a linear cutting machine, and analyzing the initiation and extension forms of multiple cracks near a near shaft in a key manner;
step six: and (3) comprehensively analyzing the scanning result of the bedding surface/natural fracture, the display of a fracturing fluid tracer, a pumping pressure curve, acoustic emission positioning and sample sectioning result before comprehensive experiment, and completing comprehensive analysis of the multi-fracture synchronous expansion mechanism in the tight sandstone horizontal well section.
The concrete analysis method of the fifth step and the sixth step is the existing known technology, and the concrete analysis method can refer to the 'physical simulation of shale hydraulic fracturing and research of fracture characterization method' identical to the 'Guo seal', and is not elaborated in detail in this embodiment.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for simulating a horizontal well fracture synchronous propagation experiment is characterized in that a wellbore device based on which the experiment is based comprises the following steps: the system comprises a simulation well hole, a simulation shaft, a liquid injection pipeline and a sealing ring; the simulation shaft is arranged in the simulation borehole and comprises a plurality of shaft sections with different outer diameters, each shaft section corresponds to one sealed fracturing section, and epoxy resin pouring sealant is used for sealing;
the liquid injection pipeline is arranged in the simulated shaft, each sealed fracturing section corresponds to one independent liquid injection pipeline, one liquid injection pipeline comprises a fracturing liquid injection pipe, a fracturing liquid flow guide pipe and a perforation cluster, the perforation cluster is positioned in the middle of the shaft section corresponding to the sealed fracturing section, and the fracturing liquid flow guide pipe extends from the end part of the simulated shaft to the corresponding shaft section and is connected with the perforation cluster; the other end of the fracturing fluid diversion pipe is connected with a fracturing fluid injection pipe through a high-pressure threaded connector;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a natural outcrop of compact sandstone, processing the outcrop into a standard cubic sample, photographing and recording the bedding of the peripheral surface of the sample and the state of a natural crack;
s2, drilling a blind hole in the middle of the sample along a parallel bedding direction to serve as a simulated borehole;
s3, placing the simulated shaft in the simulated borehole, sealing the simulated shaft in a segmented manner by using epoxy resin pouring sealant, and filling urea between the outer wall of the segmented simulated shaft and the simulated borehole;
s4, placing the sample prepared in the step S3 in a triaxial loading device, applying three-dimensional ground stress to the sample according to an experimental scheme, ensuring that the direction of a simulated borehole is parallel to the direction of the minimum horizontal ground stress, starting a liquid injection pipeline, pumping fracturing liquid into a shaft at constant discharge capacity, simultaneously recording the pressure change of a wellhead by using a pressure sensor until multi-section synchronous fracturing is completed, realizing the experiment of synchronous crack expansion, stopping the pump, and closing a liquid injection pipeline valve;
s5, after the experiment is finished, taking out the sample, photographing the surface of the sample, recording crack extension paths of different fracture sections, sectioning the sample by using a wire cutting machine, and analyzing the initiation and extension forms of multiple cracks near the near shaft;
s6, comprehensively analyzing the scanning result of the bedding surface/natural fracture, the display of a fracturing fluid tracer, a pumping pressure curve, acoustic emission positioning and sample sectioning result before comprehensive experiment, and completing comprehensive analysis of the multi-fracture synchronous expansion mechanism in the horizontal well section of the tight sandstone.
2. The method for simulating the synchronous extension experiment of the horizontal well crack according to claim 1, wherein the shaft device further comprises a sealing washer, and the inner diameter of the sealing washer is matched with the outer diameter of the joint between the shaft sections and is used for loading epoxy resin pouring sealant.
3. The method for simulating the synchronous extension experiment of the horizontal well fracture as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between perforation clusters is 3 to 7 times of the distance from the outer wall of the wellbore section with the maximum outer diameter of the simulated wellbore to the inner wall of the simulated wellbore.
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| CN113624583B (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2023-10-20 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | Experimental device for loose sandstone sample preparation and fracturing simulation integration |
| CN113833459A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-12-24 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Hole sealing method for indoor multi-section hydraulic fracturing physical simulation test |
| CN114776285B (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2024-05-31 | 西南石油大学 | High-inclination well fracturing filling crack and hole productivity contribution evaluation device |
| CN115524459B (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2023-03-03 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Device for evaluating migration plugging performance of temporary plugging fracturing temporary plugging material and experimental method |
| CN115929272A (en) * | 2022-12-28 | 2023-04-07 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Horizontal well staged clustering fracturing experimental device and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104563993A (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2015-04-29 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Staged fracturing or synchronous fracturing simulation experiment method for shale horizontal well |
| CN104989355A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2015-10-21 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Large-dimension staged fracturing experiment simulation wellbore |
| CN108952691A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2018-12-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of horizontal well fracturing multistage fracture pattern evaluation method |
| CN111946318A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-17 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Multi-cluster synchronous fracturing visual simulation device, system and manufacturing method |
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| WO2019183252A1 (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2019-09-26 | ResFrac Corporation | Systems and methods for hydraulic fracture and reservoir simulation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104563993A (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2015-04-29 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Staged fracturing or synchronous fracturing simulation experiment method for shale horizontal well |
| CN104989355A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2015-10-21 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Large-dimension staged fracturing experiment simulation wellbore |
| CN108952691A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2018-12-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of horizontal well fracturing multistage fracture pattern evaluation method |
| CN111946318A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-17 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Multi-cluster synchronous fracturing visual simulation device, system and manufacturing method |
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