CN115142828A - Horizontal well staged fracturing simulation wellbore, and experiment device and experiment method thereof - Google Patents
Horizontal well staged fracturing simulation wellbore, and experiment device and experiment method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 28
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 26
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000006670 Multiple fractures Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
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Abstract
The invention relates to a horizontal well staged fracturing simulation shaft, an experimental device and an experimental method thereof, relates to the technical field of yield increasing measures of oil and gas fields, and is used for realizing fracture expansion simulation under the conditions of different fracturing sections and section intervals. The horizontal well staged fracturing simulation shaft comprises an external simulation shaft, an internal sealing bridge plug and an injection connecting pipeline, is assembled in a modular mode, is convenient and practical to assemble, and can simulate crack expansion under the conditions of different fracturing sections and section intervals. Therefore, the simulated shaft of the invention is closer to the real simulated shaft and the fracturing process, the perforation simulation of the fracturing shaft can carry out the simulation of spiral perforation, directional perforation and current-limiting perforation, and the simulation of various perforation parameters can be conveniently carried out.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of yield increasing measures of oil and gas fields, in particular to a horizontal well staged fracturing simulation shaft, an experimental device and an experimental method thereof.
Background
Along with the continuous progress of exploration and development technologies, the development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs is more and more intensive. For unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, staged fracturing reformation of horizontal wells is an important yield increasing means, and is a main measure for realizing economic and efficient development of the oil and gas reservoirs. In the staged fracturing modification design and construction process of the horizontal well, the horizontal well is divided into a plurality of fracturing sections according to the characteristics of oil-gas content, fracturing property, ground stress and the like of a reservoir layer around a well track of the horizontal well, multiple fracturing cracks are formed in the fracturing modification process, and the fracturing modification volume is increased. In the process of fracturing modification of the horizontal well, the form of a fracturing fracture has an important influence on the fracturing modification effect, and the expansion form of the fracturing fracture is related to reservoir characteristics, natural fractures, the number of perforation sections, the interval of the sections, the fracturing modification scale and the like. Indoor experiments and numerical simulation are important means for researching hydraulic fracturing fracture expansion, wherein the indoor experiments can visually observe fracturing fracture expansion characteristics, a large amount of experimental instrument research and development and experimental test research are carried out at home and abroad aiming at horizontal well fracturing modification, different types of experimental instruments are formed, and influences of lithology, ground stress, construction parameters, perforation parameters and the like on fracturing fracture expansion are researched.
A large amount of instrument research and experimental tests are carried out at home and abroad aiming at the physical simulation experiment of fracture reformation and crack propagation, and the investigation shows that the existing experimental instrument and the test method have the following characteristics: and (1) the difficulty of perforation simulation is high. An experimental test piece of an existing experimental instrument is generally a cube or cuboid of 30-50cm, according to the similarity criterion, the size of an experimental shaft is small, and the processing difficulty of perforation holes is large under the condition of a small-scale shaft. Therefore, the difficulty of perforation in the experimental simulation shaft is high, and especially, the spiral perforation mode in the actual fracturing transformation process is difficult to simulate through experiments. And (2) staged fracturing simulation difficulty is high. The simulated shaft of the existing experimental instrument is mainly used for single-section single-cluster or single-section multi-cluster experimental tests and is limited by the size and the experimental test cost of the simulated shaft, a packing part for simulating shaft staged fracturing is difficult to process, and the simulated shaft of most experimental instruments cannot consider staged packing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a horizontal well staged fracturing simulation shaft, an experimental device and an experimental method thereof, which are used for realizing fracture propagation simulation under the conditions of different fracturing sections and different section intervals.
According to a first aspect of the invention, the invention provides a horizontal well staged fracturing simulation wellbore, which comprises:
an external simulation wellbore for simulating casing used in fracture reformation and actual production;
an inner sealing bridge plug disposed in the outer simulated wellbore for packing at least a portion of the outer simulated wellbore; and
an injection connecting line inserted into the outer simulated wellbore and communicating with the inner sealed bridge plug for pumping in experimental fluids;
wherein the outer simulated wellbore comprises an upper simulated wellbore, a bottom perforated simulated wellbore and at least one intermediate perforated wellbore disposed between the upper simulated wellbores, the intermediate perforated wellbore having a diameter the same as the diameter of the upper simulated wellbore to enable modular assembly.
In one embodiment, the upper simulated wellbore, the middle perforated wellbore and the bottom perforated simulated wellbore are provided with perforations along respective radial directions.
In one embodiment, a thin walled tube is sealingly bonded in the perforation to form a perforation, the thin walled tube having a cross-slot disposed along its length, the cross-slot having a depth of at least 60% of the thin walled tube.
In one embodiment, the perforations are distributed in one or more patterns including spiral perforations, directional perforations, or restricted perforations.
In one embodiment, at least a first annular groove is arranged on the outer wall of each of the upper simulated wellbore, the middle perforated wellbore and the bottom simulated wellbore.
In one embodiment, the upper end of the upper simulation well shaft is provided with a sealing connecting piece for fixedly connecting the injection connecting pipeline, the lower end of the upper simulation well shaft is connected with the upper end of the middle perforation well shaft through threads, and the lower end of the middle perforation well shaft is connected with the upper end of the bottom perforation simulation well shaft through threads.
In one embodiment, the internally sealed bridge plug comprises a bridge plug tube, the upper end of the bridge plug tube being connected to the injection connection line,
the upper end and the lower end of the outer wall of the bridge plug pipe are respectively provided with at least one second annular groove used for installing a sealing ring, and the middle part of the bridge plug pipe is provided with at least one sealing bridge plug hole arranged along the radial direction of the bridge plug pipe.
According to a second aspect of the invention, the invention provides an experimental device comprising the horizontal well staged fracturing simulation wellbore, further comprising:
simulating an experimental test piece with the well shaft cemented therein by staged fracturing of the horizontal well;
the loading device is used for carrying out main stress loading on the experimental test piece; and
an injection device for pumping a test fluid into the injection connecting pipeline;
the loading device comprises loading baffles which are loaded along three directions of the experimental test piece respectively.
In one embodiment, the loading device further comprises a control system and a three-way main stress loading injection pump electrically connected to the control system, wherein the three-way main stress loading injection pump is respectively connected to the loading baffle.
In one embodiment, an acoustic emission probe for acoustic emission monitoring is disposed on the loading baffle.
In one embodiment, the injection device comprises an experimental fluid injection pump and a liquid injection line connecting the experimental fluid injection pump and the injection connection line, and the liquid injection line is further provided with an intermediate container.
According to a third aspect of the invention, the invention provides an experimental method for the staged fracturing simulation wellbore of the horizontal well, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining a fracturing sequence in the experimental process;
step 2: moving the internal sealing bridge plug to a corresponding position in the external simulated wellbore according to a fracturing sequence;
and step 3: pumping an experimental fluid into the injection connecting pipeline until the fracturing crack extends to the boundary of an experimental test piece or extends into other fracturing section cracks;
and step 3: after the single-section experiment is finished, moving the internal sealing bridge plug to the position of the next perforation section, and repeating the step 3 until all the fracturing sections are subjected to the experiment test;
and 4, step 4: observing the crack propagation condition of the end face of the experimental test piece, performing CT scanning of crack propagation to determine the crack propagation condition in the test piece, and observing the crack propagation rule and the crack propagation condition of the experimental test piece
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that modular assembly is adopted, each well barrel is convenient and practical to assemble, and the crack propagation simulation under the conditions of different fracturing sections and section intervals can be carried out. Therefore, the simulated shaft of the invention is closer to the real simulated shaft and the fracturing process, the perforation simulation of the fracturing shaft can carry out spiral perforation, directional perforation and current-limiting perforation simulation, and various types of perforation parameter simulation can be conveniently carried out, thereby providing basic parameters and technical support for hydraulic fracturing perforation parameters, clustering parameters, construction parameters, fracturing material optimization and the like.
Drawings
The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter on the basis of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of a horizontal well staged fracturing simulation wellbore in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental device for simulating a wellbore by staged fracturing of a horizontal well in the embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals:
1-injection connecting line; 2-sealing the connecting piece; 3-simulating a wellbore in the upper part;
4,7,9,13,15,23-a first annular groove;
5,10,18-eyelet;
6,11,19-perforation;
8,14-turnbuckle;
12-simulating a wellbore with intermediate perforations; 16,22-sealing ring; 17-sealing the bridge plug hole; 20-internal sealing bridge plug;
21-bottom perforation simulating well shaft; 24-a sealing plate; 25-experimental test piece; 26-staged fracturing simulation well bores of the horizontal well; 27-vertical stress loading baffle; 28-horizontal maximum principal stress loading baffle; 29-horizontal minimum principal stress loading baffle; 30-vertical principal stress loading pipeline level; 31-horizontal minimum principal stress loading line; 32-horizontal maximum principal stress loading line; 33-test fluid injection line; 34-a pressure gauge; 35-an intermediate container; 36-fracturing fluid injection pump; 37-three-way main stress loading injection pump; 38-control system.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, according to a first aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a staged fracturing simulation wellbore for a horizontal well, comprising an outer simulation wellbore 100, an inner sealed bridge plug 20 and an injection connecting line 1. The outer simulated wellbore 100 is used to simulate casing used in actual production. An inner sealing bridge plug 20 is disposed in the outer simulated wellbore 100 for packing at least a portion of the outer simulated wellbore 100. Injection connecting line 1 is inserted into outer wellbore simulator 100 and communicates with inner seal bridge plug 20 for pumping of test fluids.
In combination with the "multi-stage clustering" fracturing process and experimental level, the external simulated wellbore 100 is designed for modular assembly using different types of wellbores. For example, the outer simulated wellbore 100 includes an upper simulated wellbore 3, a bottom perforated simulated wellbore 21, and at least one intermediate perforated simulated wellbore 12 disposed between the upper simulated wellbore 3, and the number of stages of the intermediate perforated simulated wellbore 12 may be designed as desired. The diameter of the middle perforation simulation well bore 12 is the same as the diameter (e.g., outer diameter and inner diameter) of the upper simulation well bore 3, thereby achieving modular assembly.
The upper simulated wellbore 3 will be described in detail first. The upper simulated wellbore 3 mainly serves to connect the middle simulated wellbore 12, form a perforation fracture section, fix the injection connecting pipeline 1 and the like. The upper simulated wellbore 3 is both a fracturing simulated interval and a fracturing wellhead.
In addition, the upper end of the upper simulation well shaft 3 is provided with a sealing connecting piece 2 for fixedly connecting the injection connecting pipeline 1, and the lower end of the upper simulation well shaft 3 is connected with the upper end of the middle perforation simulation well shaft 12 through threads. For example, a turnbuckle 8 may be provided at a lower port of the upper simulated wellbore 3 to connect with the middle perforation simulated wellbore 12.
The length of the upper simulated shaft 3 is 100 mm-150 mm, and the outer diameter of the upper simulated shaft 3 is 20mm and the inner diameter is 15.0mm. It will be appreciated that the length and diameter of the upper simulated wellbore 3 may be adjusted as required.
The intermediate perforation simulated wellbore 12 is primarily used to isolate the test specimen 25, connect perforations 6,11,19, described below, to form a fracture zone, and the like. The single-section length of the middle perforation simulation shaft 12 is 50 mm-150 mm, and the middle perforation simulation shaft can be processed according to actual needs. The upper end and the lower end of the middle perforation simulation shaft 12 are provided with threads to be respectively connected with the upper perforation simulation shaft 3 and the bottom perforation simulation shaft 21, so that the modular assembly of the simulation shafts is realized. Depending on the experimental requirements, a single simulated wellbore may be equipped with multiple intermediate perforating simulated wellbores 12 to simulate multiple fracture stages.
The length of the bottom perforation simulation shaft 21 is 50 mm-150 mm, and one end of the bottom perforation simulation shaft 21 is hermetically welded through a sealing plate 24. The upper end of the bottom perforation simulation well bore 21 is provided with a turnbuckle 14 to facilitate assembly with the middle perforation simulation well bore 12.
Thus, the staged fracturing simulation well bores required by different types of experiments can be assembled by 1 upper simulation well bore 3,1 or more middle perforation simulation well bores 12 and 1 bottom perforation simulation well bore 21.
Further, the upper simulated wellbore 3, the middle simulated wellbore 12 and the bottom simulated wellbore 21 are provided with holes 5,10,18 in the respective radial directions.
Specifically, the upper simulated wellbore holes 5 of the upper simulated wellbore 3 can be arranged according to an experimental scheme, the inner diameter of each hole 5 is 1.5 mm-3.0 mm, and the experimental test process is a fracturing section of the experimental test. The inner diameter of the middle perforation simulation shaft hole 10 of the middle perforation simulation shaft 12 is 1.5 mm-3.0 mm, and is used for forming a simulation perforation hole. The bottom perforation simulation wellbore perforations 18 of the bottom perforation simulation wellbore 21 may be arranged in the same manner as the intermediate perforation simulation wellbore perforations 10 for forming perforations.
Furthermore, a thin-walled tube is hermetically bonded in each hole 5,10,18 to form a perforation hole 6,11,19, a cross groove is formed in the thin-walled tube along the length direction of the thin-walled tube, and the depth of the cross groove is at least 60% of that of the thin-walled tube. As shown in fig. 1, a hard plastic thin-wall pipe is hermetically bonded in the upper simulated wellbore hole 5 to form an upper simulated wellbore perforation hole 6, a hard plastic thin-wall pipe is hermetically bonded in the middle simulated wellbore hole 10 to form a middle perforated simulated wellbore perforation hole 11, and a hard plastic thin-wall pipe is hermetically bonded in the bottom simulated wellbore hole 18 to form a bottom perforated simulated wellbore perforation hole 19. The arrangement mode, the perforation length and the like of the perforation holes 11 of the middle perforation simulation shaft can be adjusted according to the requirements.
And the holes 5 and the thin-wall pipe are sealed and fixed through epoxy resin. The inner diameter of the thin-wall pipe can be 1 mm-3 mm according to the size of the eyelet 5, and the length of the thin-wall pipe is 10 mm-50 mm. The thin-wall pipe can simulate perforation holes with the inner diameter of 1 mm-3 mm and the length of 10 mm-50 mm, and can be determined according to requirements. Therefore, different phase angles, azimuth angles, hole densities, perforation inner diameters, perforation hole lengths and the like can be formed by using the holes and the thin-walled tubes of the mineshafts, so that the influence of different perforation parameters on the expansion of the segmental fracturing fracture can be simulated.
The perforations 6,11,19 may be arranged in one or more of spiral, directional, or restricted perforation during the actual fracturing process.
The outer walls of the upper simulation shaft 3, the middle perforation simulation shaft 12 and the bottom perforation simulation shaft 21 are provided with at least first annular grooves 4,7,9,13,15,23 which are used for strengthening anchoring forces of various shafts and an experiment test piece in the pouring process of the experiment test piece, so that the sealing performance of the various shafts and the experiment test piece 25 is strengthened.
For example, the upper end and the lower end of the upper dummy wellbore 3 are respectively provided with 1 or more upper dummy wellbore upper annular grooves 4 and 1 or more upper dummy wellbore lower annular grooves 7, and the inner diameters of the upper dummy wellbore upper annular grooves 4 and the upper dummy wellbore lower annular grooves 7 are 2.0mm. Furthermore, a first annular groove may be provided in the middle of the upper wellbore simulation 3.
The upper end and the lower end of the middle perforation simulation shaft 12 are respectively provided with 1 or a plurality of middle perforation simulation shaft annular grooves 9 and 1 or a plurality of middle perforation simulation shaft lower end annular grooves 13, and the inner diameters of the middle perforation simulation shaft annular grooves 9 and the middle perforation simulation shaft lower end annular grooves 13 are 2.0mm. In addition, a first annular groove may be provided in the middle of the middle perforation simulation well bore 12.
The upper end and the lower end of the bottom perforation simulation shaft 21 are respectively provided with an upper annular groove 15 and 1 or more lower annular grooves 23, and the inner diameters of the upper annular groove 15 and the lower annular grooves 23 are 2.0mm. In addition, a first annular groove may be provided in the middle of the bottom perforation simulation well bore 21.
The internal sealing bridge plug 20 comprises a bridge plug pipe (sealing bridge plug pipe), and the bridge plug pipe is mainly used for packing part of simulated wellbores, so that experimental fluid is injected into experimental test pieces of different perforation fracturing sections through the bridge plug pipe and perforation holes to form fracturing cracks.
The upper end of the bridge plug pipe is provided with a screw hole with an inner diameter of 5mm for connecting with the injection connecting pipeline 1, and the lower part of the bridge plug pipe is completely sealed.
Preferably, the bridging tube has an outer diameter of 13.5mm, an inner diameter of 9.0mm and a length of 100mm.
The upper end and the lower end of the outer wall of the bridge plug pipe are respectively provided with at least one second annular groove for installing a sealing ring 16,22. As shown in fig. 1, the number of the second annular grooves of the upper end of the bridge plug pipe may be two, and a sealing ring 16 is provided in each of the second annular grooves; the number of the second annular grooves of the lower end of the bridge plug pipe may also be two, and a seal ring 22 is provided in each second annular groove. The second annular groove may be 1.5mm in diameter and the seal 16,22 may be an annular rubber seal having a diameter of 2.0mm.
The middle part of the bridge plug tube is provided with at least one sealing bridge plug aperture 17 in its radial direction (extension). As shown in fig. 1, the bridge plug tube is provided with 4 sealed bridge plug holes 17 of 2mm diameter for the flow of test fluid into the bridge plug tube to the perforations for the formation of fracture fractures.
The horizontal well staged fracturing simulation shaft disclosed by the invention adopts modular assembly, each shaft is convenient and practical to assemble, and crack extension simulation can be carried out under the conditions of different fracturing sections and section intervals. Therefore, the simulated shaft of the invention is closer to the real simulated shaft and the fracturing process, the perforation simulation of the fracturing shaft can carry out spiral perforation, directional perforation and current-limiting perforation simulation, and various types of perforation parameter simulation can be conveniently carried out. In addition, the simulated wellbore of the present invention utilizes the internally sealed bridge plug 20 and the externally simulated wellbore 100 to enable fracture propagation simulation in any order, including top-to-bottom, bottom-to-top, first-middle-then-two-ends, or first-two-ends-then-middle simulation order.
Because the conditions such as the number of fracturing sections, section intervals, perforation parameters and the like can be considered in each shaft, the shaft types such as a vertical shaft, a horizontal shaft and the like can also be considered in combination with the fracturing process.
Example 2
According to a second aspect of the invention, as shown in fig. 2, the invention provides an experimental device comprising the horizontal well staged fracturing simulation well bore 26, the experimental device further comprises an experimental test piece 25 which is used for cementing the horizontal well staged fracturing simulation well bore 26, a loading device used for carrying out main stress loading on the experimental test piece 25, and an injection device used for pumping experimental fluid into the injection connecting pipeline 1.
The loading device includes loading baffles for loading along three directions of the experimental specimen 25. As shown in fig. 2, the loading device includes a vertical stress loading baffle 27 and a horizontal maximum principal stress loading baffle 28 provided at the side of the experimental specimen 25, and a horizontal minimum principal stress loading baffle 29 provided at the bottom of the experimental specimen 25.
The loading device further comprises a three-way main stress loading injection pump 37 electrically connected with the control system 38 and the control system 38, wherein the three-way main stress loading injection pump 37 is connected with the vertical stress loading baffle 27 through a vertical main stress loading pipeline 30, is connected with the horizontal maximum main stress loading baffle 28 through a horizontal maximum main stress loading pipeline 32, and is connected with the horizontal minimum main stress loading baffle 29 through a horizontal minimum main stress loading pipeline 31.
In addition, if acoustic emission monitoring is required, an acoustic emission probe for acoustic emission monitoring may be provided on each load plate.
The injection device includes an experimental fluid injection pump 36 and an experimental fluid injection line 33 connecting the experimental fluid injection pump 36 and the injection connecting line 1, and an intermediate container 35 for storing an experimental fluid is further provided on the experimental fluid injection line 33. In addition, a pressure gauge 34 is provided on the test fluid injection line 33 to indicate line pressure.
According to the horizontal well staged fracturing simulation wellbore 26, not only can horizontal well staged simulation be performed, but also layered fracture propagation simulation of different types of lithology or reservoir stratum of a vertical well can be realized.
In addition, the method can also be used for simulating the expansion of the fracturing cracks of the horizontal well in a multi-section clustering mode, so that the influences of the number of fracturing sections, the interval of the sections, the perforation parameters, the construction parameters, the lithology and the like on the expansion of the cracks can be researched. Meanwhile, the vertical well separate-layer fracturing fracture expansion simulation can be carried out, and the fracturing fracture expansion conditions under the conditions of different lithology, reservoir thickness, interlayer properties and the like can be researched.
Therefore, the experimental device of the present invention, in combination with the horizontal well staged fracturing simulation wellbore 26 in the above embodiment 1, can simulate the staged fracturing initiation and fracture propagation of a vertical well and a horizontal well in the staged fracturing process. The invention discloses a simulated shaft and an experimental method, belongs to the field of yield increasing measures of oil and gas fields, and can provide theoretical support for optimization of a fracturing modification process, optimization of construction parameters, liquid performance and the like.
Example 3
According to a third aspect of the invention, the invention provides an experimental method for the horizontal well staged fracturing simulation wellbore 26, which needs to construct experimental method steps matched with the simulation wellbore according to the characteristics of the simulation wellbore and the condition of fracturing modification physical simulation experimental system.
First, experimental preparation work was performed.
In particular, specification of the experimental protocol needs to be performed. According to the condition of the fracturing process of the research area and the condition of a reservoir stratum, the fracturing mode of the experiment is determined, the parameters such as the size of an experiment test piece, a perforation scheme (such as the size and distribution of perforation holes), the number of fracturing sections (such as the number of middle perforation simulation mineshafts 12 and the like), the section interval and the like are determined, then the overall length of an external simulation mineshaft 100 and the length of each part are determined, and the parameters such as the perforation scheme, the perforation length, the injection displacement, the ground stress size and the like are determined. And compiling a corresponding experiment scheme and an experiment flow according to each parameter, and compiling an experiment result description and record table.
The processing of the experimental test piece 25 is then carried out.
Because the experimental test piece 25 is formed by cementing the horizontal well staged fracturing simulation wellbore 26, the horizontal well staged fracturing simulation wellbore 26 needs to be formed first. And processing the simulated shaft according to the shaft parameters determined by the experimental scheme to form various parts of the simulated shaft required by the experimental scheme. And drilling holes on each simulated shaft according to the experimental scheme, and then assembling each simulated shaft. And after the simulated shaft is assembled, processing and installing perforation holes, and fixing the thin-wall pipes on the holes of the outer simulated shafts by using epoxy resin to form the perforation holes.
And pouring the horizontal well staged fracturing simulation shaft 26 after the horizontal well staged fracturing simulation shaft 26 is processed and assembled to form an experimental test piece 25. The experimental material of the experimental test piece 25 is first determined. The experimental material mainly comprises concrete prepared by cement fine sand or a material which is reprocessed after the outcrop of a reservoir stratum in a target area is crushed, and the experimental test piece 25 is processed by utilizing the concrete prepared by the cement fine sand and the concrete with the mechanical property similar to that of a research target or crushing the outcrop of the target area.
In the processing process of the experimental test piece 25, the prepared material is poured by using a mold, and the horizontal well staged fracturing simulation shaft 26 is pre-buried in the mold in the pouring process. And after the processing is finished, the die is disassembled, and the experimental test piece 25 is obtained after the die is naturally air-dried for about one month.
Next, the assembly of the experimental device in example 2 was performed.
After the experimental test piece 25 meets the experimental requirements, the experimental test piece 25 is loaded into the experimental frame, the corresponding loading baffle is installed, and each main stress loading pipeline and the experimental fluid injection pipeline 33 are connected. If acoustic emission monitoring is needed, the acoustic emission probes are installed in the loading baffles in the loading process of the experimental test piece 25, and are connected with corresponding lines.
Thirdly, a fracture testing experiment process is carried out.
And (3) preparing the experimental fracturing fluid according to the experimental requirements, and well preparing the viscosity of the experimental fluid, namely the fracturing fluid, required by the experiment. A quantity of tracer is added to the test fluid and the test fluid is placed in the intermediate container 35 after it has been dispensed.
And loading three-way main stress according to the experimental scheme, and loading the three-way main stress to a design value. And after loading is finished, performing a fracturing injection tightness test, stabilizing the injection pressure of the shaft for 3-5min after the injection pressure is about 5.0MPa, and observing the stabilization condition of the three-dimensional main stress and the liquid injection pressure. And performing a fracturing test under the condition of good pressure tightness in the early test. In the fracturing test process, vertical well separate layer fracturing or horizontal well multi-section clustering fracturing are mainly considered, and multi-section testing is required.
The fracturing test experiment comprises the following steps:
step 1: and determining the fracturing sequence in the experimental process. The experiment can be fractured from the bottom perforation simulation well bore 21, the upper simulation well bore 3 and the middle perforation simulation well bore 12.
And 2, step: the internal sealing bridge plug 20 is adjusted to the corresponding position in the external simulated wellbore according to the fracturing sequence.
And step 3: the test fluid is pumped into the injection connecting line 1 until the fracture extends to the boundary of the test piece 25 or into other fracture stages.
And step 3: after the single-section experiment is completed, the position of the internal sealing bridge plug 20 at the next perforation section is adjusted again, and the step 3 is repeated until the experiment test of all the fracturing sections is completed.
And 4, step 4: after the experiment is completed, the pressure of the fluid injection pipeline 33 for the experiment is unloaded, then the unloading of the three-way main stress is carried out, all the pressure is unloaded to the atmospheric pressure, and then the experiment test piece 25 is taken out to observe the crack propagation condition of the end face of the experiment test piece 25.
The crack propagation condition is preliminarily observed, and a large-scale CT scanning instrument can be adopted to carry out the CT scanning of the crack propagation so as to determine the crack propagation condition in the test piece and the crack propagation condition in the test piece.
In addition, the experimental test piece 25 can be knocked open to observe the crack propagation rule and the crack extension condition of the experimental test piece 25.
By using the simulated shaft in the embodiment 1 and the experimental method in the embodiment 3, the fracture propagation simulation of multi-section clustering of the horizontal well can be performed, and the influence of the number of fracture sections, the interval of the sections, the perforation parameters, the construction parameters, the lithology and the like on the fracture propagation can be researched. Meanwhile, the simulation of the extension of the vertical well separate-layer fracturing fracture can be carried out, and the expansion condition of the fracture under the conditions of different lithology, reservoir thickness, interlayer property and the like can be researched. Therefore, the method can be used for researching the influence of the interval between the fracturing sections, the number of the fracturing sections, the ground stress, the construction parameters and the like on the expansion rule of the staged fracturing fracture, and the research result can provide theoretical support for staged fracturing modification, construction parameter optimization and the like.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way as long as there is no structural conflict. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (12)
1. A horizontal well staged fracturing simulation wellbore, comprising:
an external simulation wellbore for simulating casing used in fracture reformation and actual production;
an inner sealing bridge plug disposed in the outer simulated wellbore for packing at least a portion of the outer simulated wellbore; and
an injection connecting line inserted into the outer simulated wellbore and communicating with the inner sealed bridge plug for pumping in experimental fluids;
wherein the outer simulated wellbore comprises an upper simulated wellbore, a bottom perforated simulated wellbore and at least one intermediate perforated wellbore arranged between the upper simulated wellbores, the diameter of the intermediate perforated wellbore being the same as the diameter of the upper simulated wellbore to achieve modular assembly.
2. The horizontal well staged fracturing simulation wellbore of claim 1, wherein each of the upper simulation wellbore, the middle perforation wellbore and the bottom perforation simulation wellbore is provided with perforations along the radial direction.
3. The horizontal well staged fracturing simulation wellbore of claim 2, wherein thin-walled tubes are hermetically bonded in the perforations to form perforation perforations, cross grooves are formed in the thin-walled tubes along the length direction of the thin-walled tubes, and the depth of each cross groove is at least 60% of that of each thin-walled tube.
4. The horizontal well staged fracturing simulation wellbore of claim 3, wherein the perforations are distributed in one or more of a spiral perforation, a directional perforation or a restricted perforation.
5. The horizontal well staged fracturing simulation wellbore of any one of claims 2-4, wherein at least a first annular groove is arranged on the outer wall of each of the upper simulation wellbore, the middle perforation wellbore and the bottom perforation simulation wellbore.
6. The horizontal well staged fracturing simulation wellbore of any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the upper end of the upper simulation wellbore is provided with a sealing connecting piece for fixedly connecting the injection connecting pipeline, the lower end of the upper simulation wellbore is connected with the upper end of the middle perforation wellbore through threads, and the lower end of the middle perforation wellbore is connected with the upper end of the bottom perforation simulation wellbore through threads.
7. The horizontal well staged fracturing simulation wellbore of any of claims 1-4, wherein the internally sealed bridge plug comprises a bridge plug tube, the upper end of the bridge plug tube being connected to the injection connecting line,
the upper end and the lower end of the outer wall of the bridge plug pipe are respectively provided with at least one second annular groove used for installing a sealing ring, and the middle part of the bridge plug pipe is provided with at least one sealing bridge plug hole arranged along the radial direction of the bridge plug pipe.
8. An experimental device comprising the horizontal well staged fracturing simulation wellbore of any one of claims 1-7, further comprising:
simulating an experimental test piece with the well shaft cemented therein by staged fracturing of the horizontal well;
the loading device is used for carrying out main stress loading on the experimental test piece; and
an injection device for pumping a test fluid into the injection connecting line;
the loading device comprises loading baffles which are loaded along three directions of the experimental test piece respectively.
9. The horizontal well staged fracturing simulation wellbore of claim 8, wherein the loading device further comprises a control system and a three-way main stress loading injection pump electrically connected with the control system, and the three-way main stress loading injection pump is respectively connected with the loading baffle.
10. The horizontal well staged fracturing simulation wellbore of claim 8 or 9, wherein the loading baffle is provided with an acoustic emission probe for acoustic emission monitoring.
11. The horizontal well staged fracturing simulation wellbore of claim 8 or 9, wherein the injection device comprises an experimental fluid injection pump and a liquid injection line connecting the experimental fluid injection pump and the injection connecting line, and an intermediate container is further arranged on the liquid injection line.
12. The experiment method for the staged fracturing of the horizontal well to simulate the well bore according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: determining a fracturing sequence in the experimental process;
step 2: moving the internal sealing bridge plug to a corresponding position in the external simulated wellbore according to a fracturing sequence;
and step 3: pumping an experimental fluid into the injection connecting pipeline until the fracturing crack extends to the boundary of an experimental test piece or extends into other fracturing section cracks;
and step 3: after the single-section experiment is finished, moving the internal sealing bridge plug to the position of the next perforation section, and repeating the step 3 until all fracturing sections finish the experiment test;
and 4, step 4: and observing the crack propagation condition of the end face of the experimental test piece, performing CT scanning of crack propagation to determine the crack propagation condition inside the test piece, and observing the crack propagation rule and the crack propagation condition of the experimental test piece.
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