CN108952691A - A kind of horizontal well fracturing multistage fracture pattern evaluation method - Google Patents
A kind of horizontal well fracturing multistage fracture pattern evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108952691A CN108952691A CN201710346166.2A CN201710346166A CN108952691A CN 108952691 A CN108952691 A CN 108952691A CN 201710346166 A CN201710346166 A CN 201710346166A CN 108952691 A CN108952691 A CN 108952691A
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of horizontal well fracturing multistage fracture pattern evaluation methods, belong to frscturing field.The horizontal well fracturing multistage fracture pattern evaluation method includes: that (1) establishes shale intrinsic fracture opening mechanical model and shear fracture mechanical model, calculate the boundary that intrinsic fracture opens boundary and shear fracture, according to the underlying parameter of target reservoir, preliminary assessment goes out the trend in crack after hydraulic fracture and intrinsic fracture interference；(2) it is appeared rock sample using shale, carries out more cluster fractured horizontal well physical simulation experiments by changing shower pitch of holes, obtain optimal shower pitch of holes.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to frscturing fields, and in particular to a kind of horizontal well fracturing multistage fracture pattern evaluation side
Method.
Background technique
The progress and sizable application of the unconventional field horizontal well of recent domestic and volume fracturing technology, make unconventional oil
Gas resource is able to high-efficiency and economic and develops and play revolutionary effect.But in fractured horizontal well design, fracture interval and sub-clustering
An important factor for spacing this influence yield, recovery ratio and economic benefit, is still unclear, and core is that hydraulic fracture generates
Stress shadow effect characterization and calculate it is still uncertain.Two parallel fractures in a static condition are concentrated in the research of forefathers' majority
Between interaction on, to intrinsic fracture or joint shale is contained, consider its heterogeneity, how dynamic research and characterization are answered
Power shade fracture shape influences that there has been no mistakes, is still problem to be solved, and the distinctive heterogeneity characteristic of shale, to examining
The fracture shape and transformation volume for examining the stress shade in horizontal well fracturing crack have important influence.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve above-mentioned problem existing in the prior art, it is more to provide a kind of horizontal well fracturing
Section fracture pattern evaluation method is provided to rationally design and being played to greatest extent using man-made fracture crack effect and effect
New foundation and means.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of horizontal well fracturing multistage fracture pattern evaluation method, comprising:
(1) it establishes shale intrinsic fracture and opens mechanical model and shear fracture mechanical model, calculate intrinsic fracture opening
The boundary on boundary and shear fracture, according to the underlying parameter of target reservoir, preliminary assessment goes out hydraulic fracture and intrinsic fracture interferes
The trend in crack afterwards；
(2) it is appeared rock sample using shale, carries out more cluster fractured horizontal well physical simulation experiments by changing shower pitch of holes,
Obtain optimal shower pitch of holes.
Shale intrinsic fracture opens mechanical model to establishing in the step (1) and shear fracture mechanical model is such reality
Existing:
The opening mechanical model of intrinsic fracture is as follows:
Wherein: approaching angle is θ, °；σ1And σ3Respectively horizontal maximum principal stress and horizontal minimum principal stress, MPa；E, υ points
Not Wei pressure break target interval formation rock elasticity modulus and Poisson's ratio；γ is the surface energy in crack, MPam；L splits for waterpower
The half of seam is long, m；
The shear fracture mechanical model of intrinsic fracture is as follows:
Wherein: approaching angle is θ, °；σ1And σ3Respectively horizontal maximum principal stress and horizontal minimum principal stress, MPa；τ0It is rock
The cohesive force of stone, MPa；KfIt is the coefficient of friction in intrinsic fracture face, zero dimension；pσWhen shear fracture occurs to stitch interior intrinsic fracture
Fluid pressure, MPa.
Intrinsic fracture opens boundary to calculating in the step (1) and the boundary of shear fracture is achieved in that
For certain shale reservoir, input required model parameter, using intrinsic fracture opening mechanical model and naturally split
The shear fracture mechanical model of seam calculates separately out the shear fracture boundary of intrinsic fracture and opens boundary, and to approach angle θ
It is to show shear fracture boundary in the coordinate diagram of ordinate and open boundary for abscissa, horizontal principal stress difference, forms boundary
Plate.
The underlying parameter according to target reservoir in the step (1), preliminary assessment goes out hydraulic fracture and intrinsic fracture is dry
The trend for disturbing rear crack is achieved in that
According to certain reservoir approach angle θ and horizontal principal stress is poor, in the boundary plate determine a point, if the point
Above shear fracture boundary, then determines that hydraulic fracture extension is not influenced by intrinsic fracture, extended directly through intrinsic fracture；Such as
The fruit point is opening between boundary and shear fracture boundary, then determines that intrinsic fracture expands, hydraulic fracture can be along natural
Fractuer direction extends.
The step (2) is achieved in that
It is appeared rock sample using shale, for the shower pitch of holes of each setting, carries out primary more cluster fractured horizontal well objects
Simulated experiment is managed, the corresponding experimental result of each shower pitch of holes is obtained, then using pressure break curve data and microseism dynamic
The trend in crack, analyzes stress shade pair after monitoring data, the hydraulic fracture obtained in conjunction with step (1) and intrinsic fracture interference
Optimal shower pitch of holes is finally found out in the influence of fracture pattern.
It is described to find out what optimal shower pitch of holes was achieved:
Fracture pattern is observed by micro-seismic event point, if not having to find that short and small crack or crack and borehole axis are inclined
Turn, i.e., fracture pattern is not influenced by stress shade, and corresponding shower pitch of holes is optimal shower pitch of holes at this time；
When shower pitch of holes is less than optimal shower pitch of holes, there is crack short and small or crack shows with what borehole axis deflected
As the influence of stress shade has occurred.
Compared with prior art, it is split the beneficial effects of the present invention are: using the present invention pressure break can be played to greatest extent
The effect of seam, to effectively improve fracturing reform volume.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 hydraulic fracture and intrinsic fracture interference model schematic diagram
Fig. 2 shale reservoir calculates the boundary schematic diagram of resulting fracture open and failure by shear
Fig. 3 shale fracturing experiments sample cutaway view and micro-seismic monitoring data (double cluster spacing 80mm)
Fig. 4 shale fracturing experiments sample cutaway view and micro-seismic monitoring data (double cluster spacing 120mm)
Fig. 5 shale fracturing experiments sample cutaway view and micro-seismic monitoring data (double cluster spacing 160mm).
Specific embodiment
Present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing:
The present invention considers shale formation heterogeneity first, establishes related mechanical model, calculates separately out intrinsic fracture
The boundary with shear fracture is opened, according to the underlying parameter of target reservoir, preliminary assessment goes out hydraulic fracture and intrinsic fracture interferes
The trend in crack afterwards.Secondly, appearing rock sample using shale, more cluster fractured horizontal well physical simulation experiments are carried out.By changing cluster
Perforation spacing, using dynamic micro-seismic monitoring data and pressure break curve, in conjunction with first step acquisition as a result, evaluating stress shade
It influences, provides foundation for shale gas fractured horizontal well optimization design.
Specifically, the present invention includes two parts, and first part is to establish shale intrinsic fracture opening and shear fracture
Mechanical model, and then assess the influence of joint or laminated structure of shale fracture shape in shale；The method that second part uses experimental verification,
By changing double shower pitchs of holes, and then evaluate the influence of stress shade fracture shape.
First part assumes that hydraulic fracture and intrinsic fracture interference model are as shown in Figure 1, wherein circled is pit shaft 1.
The shear fracture mechanical model of intrinsic fracture 2 is as follows:
Wherein: approaching angle is θ, °；σ1And σ3Respectively horizontal maximum principal stress and horizontal minimum principal stress, MPa；τ0It is rock
The cohesive force of stone, MPa；KfIt is the coefficient of friction in intrinsic fracture face, zero dimension；pσWhen shear fracture occurs to stitch interior intrinsic fracture
Fluid pressure, MPa；
The opening mechanical model of intrinsic fracture 2 is as follows:
Wherein: approaching angle is θ, °；σ1And σ3Respectively horizontal maximum principal stress and horizontal minimum principal stress, MPa；E, υ points
Not Wei pressure break target interval formation rock elasticity modulus and Poisson's ratio；γ is the surface energy in crack, MPam；L splits for waterpower
The half of seam is long, m.
The correlation model parameters of certain reservoir are inputted, simulate day respectively using above-mentioned two formula for certain shale reservoir
The shear fracture boundary and opening boundary in right crack.Certain horizontal stress is poor, hydraulic fracture and intrinsic fracture approach angle θ item
Under part, it can be determined that go out the mechanical behavior of horizontal fracture and intrinsic fracture.If certain reservoir, it is determined that approach angle θ and level is answered
Power is poor, then in boundary plate that can be shown in Fig. 2 determine a point, if this point above shear fracture boundary, table
Bright hydraulic fracture extension is not influenced by intrinsic fracture, is extended directly through intrinsic fracture；If the point of above-mentioned determination is opening side
Between boundary and shear fracture boundary, illustrate that intrinsic fracture expands, hydraulic fracture can extend along intrinsic fracture direction.
Second part:
It is appeared using shale, carries out the hydraulic fracturing experiments under the conditions of double shower holes, (set by changing shower pitch of holes
A fixed shower pitch of holes does primary experiment and obtains data, is then compared, finds out optimal shower pitch of holes.), using pressure break
Curve data and microseism dynamic monitoring data, the analysis in conjunction with first part to hydraulic fracture propagation behavior, and then analyze
The influence of stress shade fracture shape can finally define optimal shower pitch of holes, thus obtain it is non-interfering most
Excellent fracture pattern to improve cracky transformation volume, and then obtains oil and gas production maximization after pressure break, reaches Optimum Fracturing
The purpose of volume is transformed.In experiment in embodiment, when shower pitch of holes is 160mm, crack is observed by micro-seismic event point
Form does not find that crack is short and small or crack deflects with borehole axis, illustrates the influence of no stress shade, and is less than 160mm
How much that several groups of experiments have crack short and small or the phenomenon that crack and borehole axis deflect, it can be determined that stress shade has occurred
Influence.So optimal shower pitch of holes is exactly 160mm.
Shower pitch of holes is analyzed in the present embodiment less than 160mm, the stress shade that the first crack is formed can be near
Fracture pattern impact so that the second crack is shorter, and may turn to；And spacing is greater than after 160mm, then answers
The influence of power shade almost very little, i.e., it is short and small without discovery crack or crack deflects with borehole axis.Based on above-mentioned two-part
As a result it and analyzes, it is believed that from now on using the scheme of the shower pitch of holes of 160mm, the work of fracturing fracture can be played to greatest extent
With to effectively improve fracturing reform volume.
In the example of Fig. 2, when approaching crack shear fracture critical point corresponding to 30 ° of angle, horizontal principal stress difference is
8.78MPa (boundary), and the main ground stress deviation of level of target reservoir is only 7.21MPa (determining point), therefore, intrinsic fracture hair
Raw expansion, the original propagation direction of hydraulic fracture malleable extend along intrinsic fracture direction, and the result obtained based on Fig. 2 is to this
Reservoir intrinsic fracture has a preliminary anticipation to the influence of moving towards of hydraulic fracture.
Point in Fig. 3 is micro-seismic event point, and laterally straight solid line is the pit shaft in sample, and dotted line is that analysis gained pressure break produces
Raw crack, oblique straight solid line indicates that direction is educated in rammell haircut, and oval solid line indicates the stress that the crack on right side generates
The range of shade causes the 2nd cluster crack seam length shorter due to the influence of the 1st cluster stress shade, about the 1st cluster crack seam length
50%, and the crack extension of the upper half is met with after shale stratification (approaching angle is about about 30 °), is extended along stratification direction
(oblique straight solid line direction).Experiment and analysis the result shows that, after pressure break right side crack transformation volume it is larger, pressure break can be reached
The expection of design, and left side crack seam length is shorter, does not reach the expection of design
The midpoint Fig. 4 is micro-seismic event point, and laterally straight solid line is the pit shaft in sample, and dotted line is that analysis gained pressure break generates
Crack, oblique straight solid line indicates that direction is educated in rammell haircut.And oval solid line indicates the stress yin that the crack on right side generates
The range of shadow, 1 crack of cluster are single-blade cracks, due to the influence of the 1st cluster stress shade, cause the 2nd cluster crack seam length shorter, and
The crack extension of lower half is met with after shale stratification (approaching angle is about 30 °), is extended (oblique straight solid line along stratification direction
Direction).Experiment and analysis the result shows that, the transformation volume in right side single-blade crack is larger after pressure break, can partially reach pressure break and set
The expection of meter, and left side crack seam length is shorter, does not reach the expection of design.
Point in Fig. 5 is micro-seismic event point, and laterally straight solid line is the pit shaft in sample, and dotted line is that analysis gained pressure break produces
Raw crack.And oval solid line indicates the range for the stress shade that the crack on right side generates, due to the 1st smooth crack initiation in cluster crack
With extension, and link up with shale stratification more, stress shade influences the crack initiation in 2 crack of cluster and extension limited, and two clusters are split
Seam while the supercoated stress shade generated have positive influence to the micro rupture of the shale reservoir between two seams, change to improve
Make volume.Experiment and analysis the result shows that, above situation can reach volume fracturing design expection.Z axis in Fig. 3-Fig. 5 is
Overlook direction can clearly see the fracture parameters that micro-seismic event is shown from top view, such as the folder of fracture length and pit shaft
Angle etc..
Above-mentioned technical proposal is one embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, at this
On the basis of disclosure of the invention application method and principle, it is easy to make various types of improvement or deformation, be not limited solely to this
Invent method described in above-mentioned specific embodiment, therefore previously described mode is only preferred, and and do not have limitation
The meaning of property.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of horizontal well fracturing multistage fracture pattern evaluation method, it is characterised in that: the described method includes:
(1) it establishes shale intrinsic fracture and opens mechanical model and shear fracture mechanical model, calculate intrinsic fracture and open boundary
With the boundary of shear fracture, according to the underlying parameter of target reservoir, preliminary assessment is split after going out hydraulic fracture and intrinsic fracture interference
The trend of seam；
(2) it is appeared rock sample using shale, passes through and change shower pitch of holes and carry out more cluster fractured horizontal well physical simulation experiments, obtain
Optimal shower pitch of holes.
2. horizontal well fracturing multistage fracture pattern evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
Suddenly shale intrinsic fracture opens mechanical model to establishing in (1) and shear fracture mechanical model is achieved in that
The opening mechanical model of intrinsic fracture is as follows:
Wherein: approaching angle is θ, °；σ1And σ3Respectively horizontal maximum principal stress and horizontal minimum principal stress, MPa；E, υ are respectively
The elasticity modulus and Poisson's ratio of pressure break target interval formation rock；γ is the surface energy in crack, MPam；L is hydraulic fracture
Half is long, m；
The shear fracture mechanical model of intrinsic fracture is as follows:
Wherein: approaching angle is θ, °；σ1And σ3Respectively horizontal maximum principal stress and horizontal minimum principal stress, MPa；τ0It is rock
Cohesive force, MPa；KfIt is the coefficient of friction in intrinsic fracture face, zero dimension；pσTo stitch stream when shear fracture occurs for interior intrinsic fracture
Body pressure, MPa.
3. horizontal well fracturing multistage fracture pattern evaluation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the step
Suddenly intrinsic fracture opens boundary to calculating in (1) and the boundary of shear fracture is achieved in that
For certain shale reservoir, required model parameter is inputted, mechanical model and intrinsic fracture are opened using intrinsic fracture
Shear fracture mechanical model calculates separately out the shear fracture boundary of intrinsic fracture and opens boundary, and to approach angle θ as cross
Shear fracture boundary is shown on coordinate, the coordinate diagram that horizontal principal stress difference is ordinate and opens boundary, forms boundary plate.
4. horizontal well fracturing multistage fracture pattern evaluation method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the step
Suddenly the underlying parameter according to target reservoir in (1), preliminary assessment go out the trend in crack after hydraulic fracture and intrinsic fracture interference
It is achieved in that
According to certain reservoir approach angle θ and horizontal principal stress is poor, in the boundary plate determine a point, if the point is being cut
It cuts through above raw edges circle, then determines that hydraulic fracture extension is not influenced by intrinsic fracture, extended directly through intrinsic fracture；If should
Point is opening between boundary and shear fracture boundary, then determines that intrinsic fracture expands, hydraulic fracture can be along intrinsic fracture
Direction extends.
5. horizontal well fracturing multistage fracture pattern evaluation method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the step
Suddenly (2) are achieved in that
It is appeared rock sample using shale, for the shower pitch of holes of each setting, carries out primary more cluster fractured horizontal well physics moulds
Draft experiment obtains the corresponding experimental result of each shower pitch of holes, then uses pressure break curve data and microseism dynamic monitoring
The trend in crack, analyzes stress shade fracture after data, the hydraulic fracture obtained in conjunction with step (1) and intrinsic fracture interference
Optimal shower pitch of holes is finally found out in the influence of form.
6. horizontal well fracturing multistage fracture pattern evaluation method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: described to look for
Optimal shower pitch of holes is achieved out:
Fracture pattern is observed by micro-seismic event point, if not finding that crack is short and small or crack deflects with borehole axis, i.e.,
Fracture pattern is not influenced by stress shade, and corresponding shower pitch of holes is optimal shower pitch of holes at this time；
When shower pitch of holes is less than optimal shower pitch of holes, there is crack short and small or the phenomenon that crack and borehole axis deflect, i.e.,
The influence of stress shade has occurred.
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Cited By (9)
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| CN110083885A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-08-02 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of volume fracturing horizontal well cluster spacing range determines method and apparatus |
| CN111027818A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-04-17 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Shale oil classification evaluation method |
| CN111119830A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-05-08 | 山东科技大学 | Hot dry rock thermal reservoir transformation method for preventing induced earthquake |
| US10761241B2 (en) | 2019-02-25 | 2020-09-01 | University Of Science And Technology Beijing | Methods for optimizing bunch distance of fractured horizontal wells of shale gas |
| CN111779477A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-16 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Fractal theory-based dynamic evaluation method for hydraulic fracture complexity |
| CN112016188A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-12-01 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Shale fracture shearing risk quantitative evaluation method considering fluid-solid coupling and stress shadow |
| CN112883574A (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2021-06-01 | 同济大学 | Method for optimizing shale gas well repeated fracturing by utilizing hydraulic fracturing microseism b value |
| CN113153255A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-07-23 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Shaft device and method for simulating horizontal well fracture synchronous expansion experiment |
| CN113776931A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-10 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Shale visualization fracturing experimental device and method based on DIC technology |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110083885A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-08-02 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of volume fracturing horizontal well cluster spacing range determines method and apparatus |
| CN110083885B (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2023-04-18 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method and device for determining interval range of volume fracturing horizontal well clusters |
| CN111027818A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-04-17 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Shale oil classification evaluation method |
| CN111027818B (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2022-05-10 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Shale oil classification evaluation method |
| CN111119830A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-05-08 | 山东科技大学 | Hot dry rock thermal reservoir transformation method for preventing induced earthquake |
| CN111779477A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-16 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Fractal theory-based dynamic evaluation method for hydraulic fracture complexity |
| CN112016188A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-12-01 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Shale fracture shearing risk quantitative evaluation method considering fluid-solid coupling and stress shadow |
| CN112883574A (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2021-06-01 | 同济大学 | Method for optimizing shale gas well repeated fracturing by utilizing hydraulic fracturing microseism b value |
| CN113153255A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-07-23 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Shaft device and method for simulating horizontal well fracture synchronous expansion experiment |
| CN113153255B (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2022-10-25 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Shaft device and method for simulating horizontal well crack synchronous propagation experiment |
| CN113776931A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-10 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Shale visualization fracturing experimental device and method based on DIC technology |
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Application publication date: 20181207 |