CN111220452A - True triaxial pressure chamber for coal rock simulation test and test method thereof - Google Patents
True triaxial pressure chamber for coal rock simulation test and test method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a true triaxial pressure chamber for a coal rock simulation test and a test method thereof, wherein the true triaxial pressure chamber comprises a pressure chamber base which is arranged on a microcomputer electrohydraulic servo press; the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity is fixed on the pressure chamber base, and a coal rock test piece is placed in the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity; the pair of Z-direction loading columns are used for carrying out ultrasonic detection and heating impact on the coal rock test piece; the pair of X-direction loading columns are used for recording the seepage characteristics of the coal rock test piece in the loading process; the pair of Y-direction loading columns horizontally pass through the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity in the Y direction and pressurize the front and the back of the coal rock test piece; and the pendulum impact device is positioned on one side of the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity and is used for simultaneously loading static load and dynamic impact on the coal rock test piece. The invention can carry out real-time ultrasonic nondestructive detection, can apply thermal shock, and can research the influence of the thermal shock on the mechanical properties and seepage characteristics of the coal rock under different stress paths; the functions of loading static load and dynamic impact simultaneously, recording the seepage characteristic of coal in the loading process, realizing true triaxial loading and the like can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mine experimental devices, and particularly relates to a true triaxial pressure chamber for a coal rock simulation test and a test method thereof.
Background
Coal still is the most important energy in China for a long time in the future, and along with the exhaustion of shallow coal resources, coal in various large mining areas is shifted to deep well mining (buried depth)>800m), the deep well coal seam is in the coupling environment of multiple physical fields such as high stress, high ground temperature, fluid flow and severe engineering disturbance, meanwhile, as the goaf and the drill hole are ignited, the coal body is subjected to thermal shock more and more frequently, and under the extremely complex condition, the mechanical characteristics and the seepage rule of the coal are key factors for evaluating and influencing the development of deep well coal and coal bed gas resources. Due to the existence of tectonic stresses, deep coal seams tend to be in a true triaxial stress state (σ)1>σ2>σ3) The research on the multi-physical field coupling (thermal-flow-solid-dynamic load) response characteristics of the deep coal seam under the true triaxial stress condition is systematically developed, and the method has important practical significance for safe and efficient mining of deep mine coal resources. In the actual scientific research process, because the mechanical property test is destructive and the discrete type of the coal sample is very large, a large number of regular repeated tests cannot be carried out.
The patent with the application number of 201910025755.X discloses a simulated triaxial pressure chamber for comprehensive acoustoelectric permeation monitoring and a test method, and relates to the technical field of rock mechanics, and the simulated triaxial pressure chamber comprises a sealing device, a shaft pressure cylinder, a confining pressure cylinder, a displacement monitoring device, an acoustoelectric monitoring device and a seepage device, wherein the sealing device comprises a shaft pressure upper gland, a shaft pressure gland, a sealant upper gland, a sealant lower gland and a test body base, a closed space is formed, and the sealing performance of the device is ensured, the shaft pressure cylinder comprises a shaft pressure piston, a plunger, a universal valve and a stress sensor, and can control the effective transmission of shaft pressure, the confining pressure cylinder comprises a confining pressure chamber, a confining pressure inlet and a confining pressure outlet, so that the confining pressure can be conveniently monitored and adjusted, the displacement monitoring device comprises an axial extensometer, a radial extensometer and a data acquisition instrument, the displacement change is monitored in real time, the acoustoelectric monitoring device comprises a sound wave sleeve probe, a conductor and a receiver, the permeability monitoring is realized, the technical problem of inaccurate monitoring of the coal rock mass seepage test is solved, and the method also has the advantages of simple and convenient operation and the like. The method comprises the following steps: the device can not carry out thermal shock test, can not realize true triaxial loading, can not realize dynamic impact loading.
The patent with the application number of 201910611100.0 discloses a triaxial pressure chamber for a rock test, which comprises a pressure transfer cylinder and a base, wherein the top of the pressure transfer cylinder is connected with the top of a loading frame, the bottom of the base is connected with the bottom of the loading frame, and the base and the pressure transfer cylinder are coaxially arranged; a hollow part for accommodating a piston of the loading oil cylinder is arranged in the pressure transmission cylinder, and an interval for placing a sample is reserved between the base and the pressure transmission cylinder; the test chamber is characterized by further comprising a pressure bearing cylinder, wherein the upper portion of the pressure bearing cylinder is sleeved on the pressure transmitting cylinder, the lower portion of the pressure bearing cylinder is sleeved on the base to form a test chamber for placing a sample, and the pressure bearing cylinder is connected with the pressure transmitting cylinder and the base in a sliding mode to open or close the test chamber. The invention aims to: the problem that the existing buckling and pressing type and bolt fastening type triaxial pressure chambers are low in test efficiency is solved, and the triaxial pressure chamber for the rock test is provided. The triaxial pressure chamber utilizes the pressure-bearing barrel which can axially lift to form a sample testing cabin, thereby obviously improving the testing efficiency. The method comprises the following steps: the device can not carry out real-time ultrasonic detection, can not apply thermal shock, can not realize the simultaneous loading of static load and dynamic shock, and has no functions of recording the seepage characteristics of coal in the loading process, true triaxial loading and the like.
The patent with the application number of 201910824244.4 discloses a pressure chamber for a coal rock sample gas seepage test, which comprises a round steel cylinder, an annular pressure transmission sleeve, T-shaped seal heads, a PEEK sleeve, a conical steel sleeve, a right piston sleeve, a right first pressure sleeve, a right second pressure sleeve, a left first pressure sleeve and a left second pressure sleeve, wherein a cylindrical coal rock sample cavity is formed between the annular pressure transmission sleeve and the two T-shaped seal heads, and an annular pressure application cavity is formed between the annular pressure transmission sleeve and the round steel cylinder; the lateral wall of the round steel cylinder is provided with two annular high-pressure liquid interfaces, the lateral wall of the right second pressing sleeve is provided with two axial high-pressure liquid interfaces, and two T-shaped sealing heads are respectively provided with a seepage high-pressure gas and PEEK insulating joint shared interface of the resistivity measuring instrument. The test device can simulate the gas seepage condition of the coal rock sample under the underground real conditions of different pressures, different temperatures, underground waves and the like more truly, so that the test result has higher practical guiding significance, and reliable guarantee is provided for the safe exploitation of the coal rock stratum. The method comprises the following steps: the device has narrow temperature impact range, belongs to pseudo-triaxial loading, and cannot realize dynamic loading.
The patent with publication number CN103196490A discloses a high-pressure triaxial pressure chamber that contains many measuring units, including the main cavity body, be located lower chassis of main cavity body lower part and be located the upper cover on main cavity body upper portion, lower chassis and upper cover pass through three hub connections, high-pressure triaxial pressure chamber still includes one or more in ultrasonic measuring unit, time domain reflection measuring unit, resistance measuring unit and the temperature measuring unit of replaceable use. The invention combines various measuring units with the existing set of hydrate synthesis decomposition and mechanical property measuring system, so that the original hydrate synthesis decomposition and mechanical property integrated equipment can measure the macroscopic parameters such as stress strain, strength and the like, and can also measure the parameters such as hydrate sound wave, electromagnetic wave, resistance characteristic and the like, thereby laying a solid experimental foundation for deeply researching the relationship between the macroscopic mechanical parameters of hydrate sediments, various physical parameters and sound wave and resistance parameters and providing a reliable experimental means. The method comprises the following steps: the device is respectively installed and used by multiple measuring units, can not simultaneously measure multiple parameters, is pseudo-triaxial loading, can not realize thermal shock test and dynamic load loading, and can not record the seepage test in the loading process.
Combining the existing similar devices, the multi-physical field coupling (thermal-flow-solid-dynamic load) environment of the deep coal seam under the true triaxial stress condition cannot be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the true triaxial pressure chamber for the coal rock simulation test and the test method thereof, which can perform real-time ultrasonic detection, apply thermal shock, realize the simultaneous loading of static load and dynamic impact, record the seepage characteristics of coal in the loading process and realize the true triaxial loading function.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the invention provides a true triaxial pressure chamber for a coal rock simulation test, which comprises a pressure chamber base, wherein the pressure chamber base is arranged on a microcomputer electrohydraulic servo press; the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity is fixed on the pressure chamber base, and a coal rock test piece is placed in the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity; the pair of Z-direction loading columns vertically penetrate through the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity, pressurize the top surface and the bottom surface of the coal rock test piece and are used for carrying out ultrasonic detection and heating impact on the coal rock test piece; the pair of X-direction loading columns horizontally penetrate through the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity in the X direction, pressurize the left side and the right side of the coal rock test piece and are used for recording the seepage characteristics of the coal rock test piece in the loading process; the pair of Y-direction loading columns horizontally penetrate through the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity in the Y direction and pressurize the front and the back of the coal rock test piece; and the pendulum impact device is positioned on one side of the pressure-bearing cavity of the pressure chamber, passes through one Y-direction loading column to apply impact load to the coal rock test piece, and is used for simultaneously loading static load and dynamic impact to the coal rock test piece.
Optionally, a first planar transducer for transmitting ultrasonic waves is arranged in the Z-direction loading column located above, a second planar transducer for receiving ultrasonic waves is arranged in the Z-direction loading column located below, positioning discs are arranged at the ends, close to the coal rock test piece, of the first planar transducer and the second planar transducer, and compression springs for enabling the first planar transducer and the second planar transducer to be tightly attached to the positioning discs are arranged at the ends, far away from the coal rock test piece, of the first planar transducer and the second planar transducer.
Furthermore, the peripheral surface of the Z-direction loading column is connected with a stabilizing disc in the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity, and the stabilizing disc is in threaded connection with a plurality of vertically arranged stabilizing bars for stabilizing the two Z-direction loading columns on the same straight line; and a resistance wire for heating the coal rock test piece is arranged in the stabilizer bar.
Optionally, a first cavity for introducing cooling liquid and a second cavity for outputting cooling liquid are arranged in the cylinder wall of the Z-direction loading column, the first cavity penetrates from the top to the bottom of the Z-direction loading column, the second cavity penetrates from the bottom to the top of the Z-direction loading column, the top end of the first cavity is connected with a circulating cooling liquid inlet pipe through a cooling liquid inlet, and the top end of the second cavity is connected with a circulating cooling liquid outlet pipe through a cooling liquid outlet.
Optionally, the X-direction loading column is of a cylindrical square head structure, and a venting pressure head is arranged at the top end of the X-direction loading column and communicated with the air pressure cavity; a gas inlet pipeline used for connecting an inlet of a gas pipeline is arranged in the X-direction loading column positioned on the left side, and a gas outlet pipeline used for connecting an outlet of the gas pipeline is arranged in the X-direction loading column positioned on the right side; and the gas pipeline inlet and the gas pipeline outlet are connected with a gas storage tank and gas pressure and flow sensors and used for monitoring the permeability of the coal rock test piece in the test process.
Furthermore, the Y-direction loading column positioned at the rear part is of a solid structure, the Y-direction loading column positioned at the front part is of a cylindrical shape, and a striking rod which can move along the length direction of the Y-direction loading column and is used for transferring impact force is arranged in the Y-direction loading column; and one end of the Y-direction loading column positioned in front, which is close to the coal rock test piece, is provided with a T-shaped loading head for transmitting the static pressure transmitted by the loading column and the dynamic load applied by the pendulum impact device through the impact rod.
Optionally, the pendulum impact device includes a movable base, a support rod fixed on the movable base, a swing arm connected to the top of the support rod through a rotating shaft, and a pendulum detachably connected to a free end of the swing arm; the upper portion of bracing piece is equipped with the mechanical angle dial plate, be equipped with transmission-type optic fibre displacement sensor on the swing arm for through the angle variation of swing arm is measured to the metering hole on the mechanical angle dial plate, and obtains the impact energy size that the impact rod obtained.
Optionally, the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity is composed of a pressure chamber middle pressure-bearing shell, a middle heat-insulating layer, a pressure chamber upper pressure-bearing shell and an upper heat-insulating layer, and the middle heat-insulating layer and the upper heat-insulating layer are used for keeping the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity at a constant temperature; the middle pressure-bearing shell is connected with the pressure chamber base in a sealing mode through a sealing flange plate and a rubber ring, and the upper pressure-bearing shell of the pressure chamber is connected with the middle pressure-bearing shell in a sealing mode through a flange plate and a sealing ring.
Furthermore, the front and the back of the coal rock test piece are coated with silica gel and wrapped by a cross-shaped heat-shrinkable tube, and after the cross-shaped heat-shrinkable tube hoops the coal rock test piece, the cross-shaped heat-shrinkable tube is fastened by a double-steel-wire-throat hoop fastener.
The invention also provides a test method of the true triaxial pressure chamber for the coal rock simulation test, which comprises the following steps:
s10: placing the pressure chamber base on a microcomputer electrohydraulic servo press, wherein a raised disc matched with the groove of the pressure chamber base is arranged on a lower pressure plate of the electrohydraulic servo press, and the raised disc of the lower pressure plate is aligned to the groove of the pressure chamber base;
s20: installing and fixing a Z-direction loading column positioned below on a fixed disc seat in the central position of the upper part of a pressure chamber base, and then installing a coal rock test piece in a square groove reserved in a positioning disc of the Z-direction loading column positioned below;
s30: the method comprises the following steps that a hoisting device is utilized, a X, Y-direction pressure-bearing shell of the middle part of a pressure chamber with four loading columns is tightened by bolts in a diagonal mode, so that a bottom sealing flange of a pressure chamber base is tightly connected with a middle-lower sealing flange of the pressure-bearing shell of the middle part of the pressure chamber, and air leakage is avoided;
s40: placing the Z-direction loading column positioned above a coal rock test piece, uniformly coating a layer of silica gel on the front and the back of the coal rock test piece, sleeving a cross-shaped heat-shrinkable tube, pushing two X-direction loading columns to tightly press the coal rock test piece, uniformly blowing the cross-shaped heat-shrinkable tube by using a hot air blower to tighten the cross-shaped heat-shrinkable tube, hooping the coal rock test piece, and fastening the cross-shaped heat-shrinkable tube by using a double-steel-wire-throat hoop fastener to ensure that the cross-shaped heat-shrinkable tube has good tightness, and pushing two Y-direction loading columns to tightly press the coal rock test piece;
s50: a stabilizing disc for respectively mounting a stabilizing rod and a Z-direction loading column;
s60: installing a sensor preset in a pressure-bearing cavity of the pressure chamber, and connecting a lead with external instrument equipment through a reserved wiring port;
s70: aligning an upper flange of an upper pressure-bearing shell of the pressure chamber with a middle upper flange of a middle pressure-bearing shell of the pressure chamber by using hoisting equipment, and screwing bolts; the servo loading system is respectively aligned to the Z-direction loading column, the X-direction loading column and the Y-direction loading column to be loaded, and then the test can be carried out;
s80: the pendulum impact device is pushed to one side of the Y-direction loading column located in front, so that the pendulum can impact the impact rod horizontally when swinging to the lowest point, then the locking bolt of the movable base is screwed, and then the related test is carried out according to the designed path of the test.
Therefore, the true triaxial pressure chamber for the coal rock simulation test and the test method thereof carry out the simulation which is as close to the reality as possible on the multi-physical field of the coal body in the deep mine mining process, thereby developing the research on the corresponding mechanics and seepage characteristics, leading the test rule and the research result to better guide the actual production, and having at least the following beneficial effects:
1. the method has the advantages that real-time ultrasonic nondestructive detection can be realized, and the sound wave propagation characteristics of the coal rock test piece under different stress states are recorded;
2. thermal shock (0-300 ℃) can be applied, and research on the influence of the thermal shock on the mechanical property and the seepage characteristic of the coal rock under different stress paths can be carried out;
3. the functions of loading static load and dynamic impact simultaneously, recording the seepage characteristic of coal in the loading process, realizing true triaxial loading and the like can be realized.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention may be implemented in accordance with the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following detailed description is given in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, together with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a front view of a true triaxial pressure cell for a coal petrography simulation test (excluding a pendulum impact device) according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a true triaxial cell for a coal petrography simulation test according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a pendulum impact device of a true triaxial pressure chamber for a coal rock simulation test according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the venting head of the X-loading column of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a positioning plate of a true triaxial pressure chamber for a coal rock simulation test according to the present invention;
3 FIG. 36 3 is 3 a 3 cross 3- 3 sectional 3 view 3 taken 3 along 3 line 3 A 3- 3 A 3 of 3 FIG. 35 3; 3
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a stabilizing disk of a true triaxial cell for a coal rock simulation test according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a "cross" type heat shrinkable tube of a true triaxial pressure chamber for a coal petrography simulation test according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, and which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention. In the referenced drawings, the same or similar components in different drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the true triaxial pressure cell for coal rock simulation test and the test method thereof mainly simulate the multi-physical field of the coal body during the deep mine exploitation process as close as possible to the actual simulation, the device comprises a pressure chamber base 10 arranged on a microcomputer electrohydraulic servo press, a pressure chamber bearing cavity, a three-way loading column and a pendulum impact device 60 fixed on the pressure chamber base 10, wherein the lower part of the pressure chamber base 10 is provided with a groove, so that the device can be conveniently placed on the microcomputer electrohydraulic servo press in an aligned mode without installation and can be directly placed on a lower pressure plate of the microcomputer electrohydraulic servo press. The pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity is composed of a pressure chamber middle pressure-bearing shell 21, a middle heat-insulating layer 22, a pressure chamber upper pressure-bearing shell 23 and an upper heat-insulating layer 24, and a coal rock test piece 20 is placed in the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity. The middle heat-insulating layer 22 and the upper heat-insulating layer 24 are used for keeping the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity at a constant temperature, the middle pressure-bearing shell 21 is hermetically connected with the pressure chamber base 10 through a sealing flange and a rubber ring 25, and the pressure chamber upper pressure-bearing shell 23 is hermetically connected with the middle pressure-bearing shell 21 through a flange and a sealing ring 26.
The three-way loading columns of the invention are six in number, each two of the six loading columns are in a group, the internal structures of the groups are different, and the three-way loading columns respectively comprise a pair of Z-direction loading columns 30 which vertically penetrate through the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity 10, pressurize the top surface and the bottom surface of the coal rock test piece 20 and are used for carrying out ultrasonic detection and heating impact on the coal rock test piece, a pair of X-direction loading columns 40 which horizontally penetrate through the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity 10, pressurize the left surface and the right surface of the coal rock test piece 20 and are used for recording the seepage characteristics of the coal rock test piece in the loading process, and a pair of Y-direction loading columns 50 which horizontally penetrate through the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity 10 and pressurize the front surface and the back surface of the coal rock test piece. The Z-direction loading column 30 is of a hollow cylindrical structure and is made of high-hardness heat-insulation high polymer, a cavity is arranged in the cylindrical wall and is provided with a cooling liquid inlet and outlet 31, an inlet pipeline extends into the bottom of the cavity, and cooling liquid circulation can be achieved inside the cavity. Specifically, the Z that is located the top is equipped with the first planar transducer who is used for transmitting ultrasonic wave to the inside first planar transducer that is equipped with of loading post, and the Z that is located the below is equipped with the second planar transducer 32 that is used for accepting ultrasonic wave to the inside of loading post, and is adjusted well with the center of coal petrography test piece in order to enable planar transducer, the one end that first planar transducer and second planar transducer 32 are close to the coal petrography test piece is equipped with positioning disk 33, and positioning disk 33 contact test piece's one side is opened there is square groove, and positioning disk 33 contact transducer's one side is opened there is circular recess (can add the couplant in the recess). One ends, far away from the coal rock test piece, of the first planar transducer and the second planar transducer 32 are provided with compression springs 34 used for enabling the first planar transducer and the second planar transducer 32 to be tightly attached to a positioning disc 33, and therefore measuring accuracy is guaranteed.
The planar transducer of the invention is an ultrasonic generating and receiving device of a non-gold ultrasonic detector, one is used for transmitting ultrasonic waves, and the other is used for receiving (both planar transducers can be used for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves, and particularly which interface is connected). The ultrasonic detection is a nondestructive detection technology, the mechanical property (indirect) of a coal sample is measured without damaging the coal body, the nonmetal ultrasonic detector is applied to the field of geological exploration, the integrity of the rock is rapidly detected by adopting an ultrasonic transmission method, the crack depth, the non-compact area, the honeycomb cavity, the quality of a joint surface, the thickness of a surface damage layer and the like of the rock can be detected by adopting the ultrasonic method, and the mechanical property of nonmetal materials such as the rock, concrete and the like can be detected.
In addition, a stabilizing disc 35 is connected to the circumferential surface of the Z-direction loading column 30 in the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity, a plurality of vertically arranged stabilizing bars 36 are connected to the stabilizing disc 35 through threads, and the stabilizing bars 36 and the stabilizing disc 35 are connected into a whole to stabilize the two Z-direction loading columns 30 on the same straight line, so that the loading directions of the two loading columns are on the same straight line. The stabilizer bar 36 has certain strength, a resistance wire 37 for heating the coal rock test piece is arranged in the stabilizer bar, thermal shock can be provided for the test piece after the stabilizer bar is electrified, and the stabilizer bar and the temperature sensor 38 are used in combination, so that constant temperature control can be realized in a pressure bearing cavity of the pressure chamber. The resistance wire 371 of the resistance wire 37 is threaded through the pressure chamber base 10 to the outside.
A first cavity 39 which penetrates from the top to the bottom of the Z-direction loading column 30 and is used for introducing cooling liquid, and a second cavity which penetrates from the bottom to the top of the Z-direction loading column and is used for outputting cooling liquid are arranged in the wall of the Z-direction loading column 30, the top end of the first cavity 39 is connected with a circulating cooling liquid inlet pipe 391 through a cooling liquid inlet, and the top end of the second cavity is connected with a circulating cooling liquid outlet pipe 392 through a cooling liquid outlet. Since the planar transducer of the ultrasonic testing apparatus placed inside the Z-direction loading column 30 cannot withstand a high temperature (up to 300 ℃), the inside of the Z-direction loading column 30 can be cooled and the temperature can be lowered by the above-described structure.
The X-direction loading column 40 is of a cylindrical square-head structure and is made of high-strength stainless steel, the top end of the X-direction loading column is provided with a ventilation pressure head 41, the ventilation pressure head 41 is communicated with an air pressure cavity 42, and a plurality of air holes are uniformly distributed on the ventilation pressure head 41. A gas inlet pipeline 43 for connecting an inlet of a gas pipeline is arranged in the X-direction loading column positioned on the left side, and a gas outlet pipeline 44 for connecting an outlet of the gas pipeline is arranged in the X-direction loading column positioned on the right side. And the gas pipeline inlet and the gas pipeline outlet are connected with a gas storage tank and gas pressure and flow sensors and used for monitoring the permeability of the coal rock test piece in the test process. The property of rock that allows fluid to pass through at a certain pressure differential is called permeability, and the ability of coal rock to allow fluid to pass through at a certain pressure differential is called permeability.
Q/S ═ k Δ P/η L according to Darcy' S law
In the formula: q is the flow (m)3S); s is the cross-sectional area (m) of the sample2) L is a sample length (m), η is a fluid viscosity coefficient (Pa · s), k is permeability, and Δ P is a pressure difference (Pa) between the upstream and downstream ends of the sample.
The Y-direction loading column 50 is of a cylindrical square head structure and is made of 40Cr high-strength alloy steel, the Y-direction loading column positioned at the rear is of a solid structure, the Y-direction loading column positioned at the front is of a cylindrical shape, and a solid cylindrical impact rod 51 capable of moving along the length direction of the Y-direction loading column is arranged in the Y-direction loading column and is used for transmitting impact force. The end of the Y-direction loading column positioned in front, which is close to the coal rock test piece, is provided with a T-shaped loading head 52, so that the static pressure transmitted by the loading column can be transmitted, and the dynamic load applied by the pendulum impact device 60 through the impact rod 51 can be transmitted. The end of the Y-direction loading column 50 close to the test piece is also provided with a strain gauge 53. The pendulum bob impacts one end of the impact rod 51 at a certain speed, at this time, impact stress waves are generated in the impact rod and are transmitted at a certain speed, when the stress waves are transmitted to the junction of the impact rod 51 and the end face of a test piece, part of the stress waves are reflected back to the impact rod by the test piece, the other part of the stress waves are transmitted to the Y-direction loading column positioned at the rear through the test piece to form transmission elastic waves, the incident waves are transmitted through the test piece, the test piece is deformed and damaged, and meanwhile, the incident waves, the reflection waves and the transmission waves are measured by a data acquisition system which is composed of a strain gauge 53 and an ultra-dynamic strain gauge 54 which are adhered to a T-shaped loading head 52 and the Y-direction loading column positioned.
The pendulum impact device 60 is positioned at one side of the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity, passes through one Y-direction loading column (the front Y-direction loading column) to apply impact load to the coal rock test piece, and is used for simultaneously loading static load and dynamic impact to the coal rock test piece. The pendulum impact device 60 comprises a movable base 61, a support rod 62 fixed on the movable base 61, a swing arm 64 connected to the top of the support rod 62 through a rotating shaft 63, and a pendulum 65 detachably connected to the free end of the swing arm 64, wherein the pendulum 65 and the swing arm 64 are in threaded connection, a plurality of pendulums 65 with different masses can be prepared and replaced according to experimental design, and then the impact strength can be adjusted. An impact surface 651 is arranged below the pendulum 65, and a stopper 66 for preventing the swing arm from exceeding the horizontal highest position is further arranged on the swing arm 64.
The movable base 61 can be integrally provided with a movable wheel, the relative position of the pendulum impact device and a pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity can be adjusted, and meanwhile, the locking bolt 67 is arranged, so that the device can be integrally stabilized on a loading mechanism base after the position is adjusted. The upper portion of the supporting rod 62 is provided with a mechanical angle dial 68, and the swing arm 64 is provided with a transmission type optical fiber displacement sensor 69, which is used for measuring the angle variation of the swing arm 64 through a metering hole on the mechanical angle dial 68 and obtaining the impact energy obtained by the impact rod 51. Wherein, transmission-type optical fiber displacement sensor 69 installs on swing arm 64, moves along with swing arm 64, sets up the metering hole (interval angle is 1 °) on the mechanical angle dial plate 68, and when the swing arm takes place displacement (angle) and changes in the experimentation, transmission-type optical fiber displacement sensor 69 notes the quantity that passes through the metering hole in the change process, can measure swing arm displacement (angle) change volume from this to show, store the record on the controller panel. Principle of the transmission-type optical fiber displacement sensor: the optical fiber adopts a Y-shaped structure, one end of two bundles of optical fibers are combined together to form an optical fiber probe, and the other end of the two bundles of optical fibers are divided into two branches which are respectively used as a light source optical fiber and a receiving optical fiber. The light is transmitted by the light source optical fiber, reflected to the receiving optical fiber and finally received by the photoelectric converter. Light source optic fibre, receiving optical fiber fix in the swing arm, install respectively in the inside and outside both sides of metering hole, only can receive the light signal when light source optic fibre, receiving optical fiber, metering hole three collineation. When the swing arm moves in the experiment process, the optical signal received by the transmission type optical fiber sensor 69 can appear alternately, and the displacement (angle) passed by the swing arm in the experiment process is recorded by the transmission type optical fiber displacement sensor 69.
the pendulum impact test device is characterized in that a pendulum mass is large and M is small, a pendulum arm mass is ignored, an included angle between the pendulum arm and the horizontal direction is α when the pendulum initially falls to the highest position, after the pendulum arm collides with the impact rod, an included angle beta between the pendulum arm and the horizontal direction is beta when the pendulum arm rebounds to the highest position, and a pendulum arm length L is obtained, so that the pendulum energy J is MgL (sin beta-sin α).
In order to ensure that gas does not leak outside the coal sample when flowing, two surfaces (the front surface and the back surface) in the Y direction of the coal sample are coated with silica gel and are wrapped by a cross-shaped heat-shrinkable tube 70, because the two surfaces (the left surface and the right surface) in the X-axis direction need to flow in and out by the gas, and the two surfaces (the top surface and the bottom surface) in the Z-axis direction need to be coupled with a planar transducer of an ultrasonic detector, the silica gel and the wrapping cannot be coated, the cross-shaped heat-shrinkable tube 70 shown in figure 8 is designed, and the functions can be realized.
The invention also discloses a test method of the true triaxial pressure chamber for the coal rock simulation test, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, prepare coal rock test pieces 20, which are cubes of raw coal (rock) of 100mm by 100mm (the whole apparatus can be scaled up equally as required to test a 200mm by 200mm test piece).
And 2, placing the pressure chamber base 10, namely placing the pressure chamber base 10 on a microcomputer electrohydraulic servo press, wherein a raised disc matched with a base groove is arranged on a lower pressure plate of the press, so that bolts are not needed for installation, and the raised disc of the lower pressure plate is aligned with the groove of the pressure chamber base 10.
And 3, mounting the test piece, namely mounting a fixed disk seat 11 for fixing the Z-direction loading column 30 positioned below at the central position of the upper part of the pressure chamber base 10, mounting and fixing the Z-direction loading column positioned below on the fixed disk seat 11 at the central position of the upper part of the pressure chamber base, and then mounting the coal rock test piece in a square groove reserved in a positioning disk 33 of the Z-direction loading column positioned below.
And 4, hoisting the middle pressure chamber, namely utilizing hoisting equipment to tightly connect the bottom sealing flange plate 12 of the pressure chamber base 10 and the middle and lower sealing flange plate 211 of the pressure chamber middle pressure-bearing shell 21 (provided with X, Y-axis four loading columns which retract to avoid touching a test piece) by tightening bolts in a diagonal manner so as to avoid air leakage.
And 5, mounting the loading columns, namely placing the Z-direction loading columns above the test piece, uniformly coating a layer of silica gel with the thickness of about 1mm on two surfaces of the test piece in the Y-axis direction, sleeving a cross-shaped heat-shrinkable tube 70, pushing the two X-direction loading columns to tightly press the coal rock test piece, uniformly blowing the cross-shaped heat-shrinkable tube by using a hot air blower to tighten the cross-shaped heat-shrinkable tube, hooping the coal rock test piece, fastening the cross-shaped heat-shrinkable tube 70 by using a double-steel-wire-throat hoop fastener 71 to ensure that the sealing performance is good, and pushing the two Y-direction loading columns 50 to tightly press the coal rock test piece.
And 6, mounting stabilizer bars and stabilizer discs, namely mounting four stabilizer bars 36 and a stabilizer disc 35 of the Z-direction loading column respectively.
And 7, connecting sensors, namely installing various sensors preset in the pressure-bearing cavity of the pressure chamber, and connecting the wires with external instrument equipment through a reserved wiring port 27.
And 8, hoisting the upper pressure chamber, namely aligning and placing an upper flange 231 of the upper pressure-bearing shell 23 of the pressure chamber and a middle upper flange 212 of the middle pressure-bearing shell 21 of the pressure chamber by using hoisting equipment, and screwing bolts.
If the static load true triaxial test is performed, the pressure chamber and the test piece are mounted to the completion, and the servo loading system is respectively aligned with the Z-direction loading column 30, the X-direction loading column 40 and the Y-direction loading column 50 for loading, so that the test can be performed. To perform the dynamic load test, a pendulum impact device 60 is further installed.
And 9, installing a pendulum impact device, namely pushing the movable pendulum impact device 60 to one side of the Y-axis impact rod loading column to enable the pendulum 65 to just horizontally impact the impact rod 51 when swinging to the lowest point (a dynamic load impact force sensor can be installed on the impact rod to record the impact force), then screwing the locking bolt 67 of the movable base 61, and then carrying out related tests according to the designed path of the tests. It should be noted that, when static loading is performed at this time, the Y-direction loading column located in front is subjected to static loading, and a loading pressure head at one end of the press machine is required to be in a hollow type during loading, so that static loading on the Y-direction loading column located in front can be realized, and a space is reserved for the impact rod to pass through, so that dynamic and static combined loading is realized.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a coal petrography is true triaxial pressure chamber for simulation test which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the pressure chamber base is arranged on the microcomputer electrohydraulic servo press;
the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity is fixed on the pressure chamber base, and a coal rock test piece is placed in the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity;
the pair of Z-direction loading columns vertically penetrate through the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity, pressurize the top surface and the bottom surface of the coal rock test piece and are used for carrying out ultrasonic detection and heating impact on the coal rock test piece;
the pair of X-direction loading columns horizontally penetrate through the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity in the X direction, pressurize the left side and the right side of the coal rock test piece and are used for recording the seepage characteristics of the coal rock test piece in the loading process;
the pair of Y-direction loading columns horizontally penetrate through the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity in the Y direction and pressurize the front and the back of the coal rock test piece;
and the pendulum impact device is positioned on one side of the pressure-bearing cavity of the pressure chamber, passes through one Y-direction loading column to apply impact load to the coal rock test piece, and is used for simultaneously loading static load and dynamic impact to the coal rock test piece.
2. The true triaxial pressure cell for a coal rock simulation test as set forth in claim 1, wherein a first planar transducer for transmitting ultrasonic waves is disposed in the upper Z-direction loading column, a second planar transducer for receiving ultrasonic waves is disposed in the lower Z-direction loading column, a positioning plate is disposed at one end of the first planar transducer and the second planar transducer close to the coal rock test piece, and a compression spring for tightly fitting the first planar transducer and the second planar transducer with the positioning plate is disposed at one end of the first planar transducer and the second planar transducer away from the coal rock test piece.
3. The true triaxial pressure chamber for the coal rock simulation test as set forth in claim 1, wherein a stabilizing disc is connected to the circumferential surface of the Z-direction loading column in the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity, and a plurality of vertically arranged stabilizing bars are screwed to the stabilizing disc for stabilizing the two Z-direction loading columns on the same straight line;
and a resistance wire for heating the coal rock test piece is arranged in the stabilizer bar.
4. The true triaxial pressure chamber for the coal petrography simulation test of claim 3, wherein a first cavity for introducing the cooling liquid and a second cavity for outputting the cooling liquid are arranged in the cylinder wall of the Z-direction loading column and penetrate from the top to the bottom of the Z-direction loading column, the top end of the first cavity is connected with a circulating cooling liquid inlet pipe through a cooling liquid inlet, and the top end of the second cavity is connected with a circulating cooling liquid outlet pipe through a cooling liquid outlet.
5. The true triaxial pressure chamber for the coal rock simulation test as set forth in claim 1, wherein the X-direction loading column has a cylindrical square head structure, and a venting pressure head is arranged at the top end of the X-direction loading column and communicated with a pneumatic cavity; a gas inlet pipeline used for connecting an inlet of a gas pipeline is arranged in the X-direction loading column positioned on the left side, and a gas outlet pipeline used for connecting an outlet of the gas pipeline is arranged in the X-direction loading column positioned on the right side;
and the gas pipeline inlet and the gas pipeline outlet are connected with a gas storage tank and gas pressure and flow sensors and used for monitoring the permeability of the coal rock test piece in the test process.
6. The true triaxial pressure chamber for the coal rock simulation test as set forth in claim 1, wherein the Y-direction loading column located at the rear is a solid structure, the Y-direction loading column located at the front is a cylindrical shape, and a striker rod capable of moving along the length direction thereof and transmitting impact force is provided inside the Y-direction loading column; and one end of the Y-direction loading column positioned in front, which is close to the coal rock test piece, is provided with a T-shaped loading head for transmitting the static pressure transmitted by the loading column and the dynamic load applied by the pendulum impact device through the impact rod.
7. The true triaxial pressure chamber for coal petrography simulation test of claim 6, wherein the pendulum impact device comprises a movable base, a support rod fixed on the movable base, a swing arm connected to the top of the support rod through a rotating shaft, and a pendulum detachably connected to the free end of the swing arm; the upper portion of bracing piece is equipped with the mechanical angle dial plate, be equipped with transmission-type optic fibre displacement sensor on the swing arm for through the angle variation of swing arm is measured to the metering hole on the mechanical angle dial plate, and obtains the impact energy size that the impact rod obtained.
8. The true triaxial pressure chamber for the coal rock simulation test according to claim 1, wherein the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity is composed of a pressure chamber middle pressure-bearing shell, a middle heat-insulating layer, a pressure chamber upper pressure-bearing shell and an upper heat-insulating layer, and the middle heat-insulating layer and the upper heat-insulating layer are used for keeping the pressure chamber pressure-bearing cavity at a constant temperature;
the middle pressure-bearing shell is connected with the pressure chamber base in a sealing mode through a sealing flange plate and a rubber ring, and the upper pressure-bearing shell of the pressure chamber is connected with the middle pressure-bearing shell in a sealing mode through a flange plate and a sealing ring.
9. The true triaxial pressure cell for a coal petrography simulation test as set forth in claim 1, wherein the front and rear surfaces of the coal petrography test piece are coated with silica gel and wrapped with a "cross" type heat shrinkage tube, and after the "cross" type heat shrinkage tube is fastened to the coal petrography test piece, the "cross" type heat shrinkage tube is fastened by a double wire throat hoop fastener.
10. A test method using the true triaxial cell for the coal petrography simulation test according to any one of claims 2 to 9, comprising the steps of:
s10: placing the pressure chamber base on a microcomputer electrohydraulic servo press, wherein a raised disc matched with the groove of the pressure chamber base is arranged on a lower pressure plate of the electrohydraulic servo press, and the raised disc of the lower pressure plate is aligned to the groove of the pressure chamber base;
s20: installing and fixing a Z-direction loading column positioned below on a fixed disc seat in the central position of the upper part of a pressure chamber base, and then installing a coal rock test piece in a square groove reserved in a positioning disc of the Z-direction loading column positioned below;
s30: the method comprises the following steps that a hoisting device is utilized, a X, Y-direction pressure-bearing shell of the middle part of a pressure chamber with four loading columns is tightened by bolts in a diagonal mode, so that a bottom sealing flange of a pressure chamber base is tightly connected with a middle-lower sealing flange of the pressure-bearing shell of the middle part of the pressure chamber, and air leakage is avoided;
s40: placing the Z-direction loading column positioned above a coal rock test piece, uniformly coating a layer of silica gel on the front and the back of the coal rock test piece, sleeving a cross-shaped heat-shrinkable tube, pushing two X-direction loading columns to tightly press the coal rock test piece, uniformly blowing the cross-shaped heat-shrinkable tube by using a hot air blower to tighten the cross-shaped heat-shrinkable tube, hooping the coal rock test piece, and fastening the cross-shaped heat-shrinkable tube by using a double-steel-wire-throat hoop fastener to ensure that the cross-shaped heat-shrinkable tube has good tightness, and pushing two Y-direction loading columns to tightly press the coal rock test piece;
s50: a stabilizing disc for respectively mounting a stabilizing rod and a Z-direction loading column;
s60: installing a sensor preset in a pressure-bearing cavity of the pressure chamber, and connecting a lead with external instrument equipment through a reserved wiring port;
s70: aligning an upper flange of an upper pressure-bearing shell of the pressure chamber with a middle upper flange of a middle pressure-bearing shell of the pressure chamber by using hoisting equipment, and screwing bolts; the servo loading system is respectively aligned to the Z-direction loading column, the X-direction loading column and the Y-direction loading column to be loaded, and then the test can be carried out;
s80: the pendulum impact device is pushed to one side of the Y-direction loading column located in front, so that the pendulum can impact the impact rod horizontally when swinging to the lowest point, then the locking bolt of the movable base is screwed, and then the related test is carried out according to the designed path of the test.
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