CN114428047A - Device and method for fracturing shale by ultralow-temperature carbon dioxide through multiple rounds of huffing and puff - Google Patents
Device and method for fracturing shale by ultralow-temperature carbon dioxide through multiple rounds of huffing and puff Download PDFInfo
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
Abstract
The invention provides an ultralow-temperature carbon dioxide multi-wheel huff-puff shale fracturing device which comprises a high-precision injection pump, an ice bath constant-temperature system, a carbon dioxide intermediate container, a methane intermediate container, a pressure loading system, an acoustic emission monitoring system, a data acquisition system, a temperature control system, a gas flowmeter and a back-pressure valve, wherein the ice bath constant-temperature system is arranged in the ice bath constant-temperature system; the invention also provides a method for fracturing shale by multi-cycle huff-puff of ultralow temperature carbon dioxide through ultralow temperature CO2And the fluid is circularly injected into the shale core, so that new cracks appear in the shale or old cracks in the shale extend, and the permeability of the shale is improved. The method can increase the cracking rate and the permeability of the shale through simple and convenient experimental operation, and evaluate the cracking and permeability increasing effect. And the experimental scheme can be optimized through multiple single-factor experiments to obtain the optimal experimental condition with the maximum increase of the target reservoir permeability, the method provides a new idea for fracturing the shale reservoir and provides a new idea for CO2And technical support is provided in the aspect of oil displacement and shale recovery ratio improvement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shale gas exploitation, in particular to an ultralow-temperature carbon dioxide multi-round huff-puff shale fracturing device and method.
Background
Shale oil is a source-storage symbiotic unconventional petroleum, which is normally present in shale layers in free, adsorbed and sparingly soluble form. Shale oil resources are abundant, but shale reservoir physical properties are poor, and pore-throat ratio and permeability are extremely low, so that failure recovery efficiency is extremely low. For example, shale zones such as the Barkenweiriston basin, North Dakota, Mona, etc., have an average porosity of 5% and a permeability of 0.04 md. The average failure recovery rate is about 7 percent, the recovery rate of some blocks is only 1 to 2 percent, the clay content of the shale oil reservoir is high, micro-nano pores are developed, and the injection capacity is low, so that the conventional secondary water injection oil extraction for the shale oil reservoir is not an effective method, the shale oil development must be carried out with reservoir fracturing and permeability enhancement transformation, and currently, horizontal wells, hydraulic fracturing and CO are mainly adopted at home and abroad2Fracturing techniques are used to enhance the recovery of shale oil.
Due to ultralow temperature of CO2The shale is injected in a circulating mode, so that the internal temperature and the external temperature of the contact part of the shale are not uniform, the thermal strain cannot be freely carried out, and the thermal stress can be generated, and the thermal stress can cause new cracks to appear in the shale or old cracks to extend in the shale. Through research and study, patent application with publication number CN109298162A proposes a device and an experimental method for fracturing shale by using carbon dioxide in different phases, and the method mainly adjusts CO2Physically simulating gaseous, liquid, supercritical CO2Fracturing shale, the mechanism of which is different from that of the method. The patent application with the publication number of CN105672974B provides a method for manufacturing a test piece for a supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing shale experiment under triaxial stress, and the method can simulate the influence of different parameters (drilling depth, drilling diameter and different injection rates) fracturing shale effect under the coupling condition of multiple fields (ground stress, temperature and pressure). Currently, the major fracturing is again by high pressure injection (water, nitrogen or CO)2) The shale is cracked, new cracks of the shale or extension of old cracks in the shale due to the ultralow temperature effect are caused, and related patents and documents are few.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a device for cracking shale by multi-round huff-puff of ultralow-temperature carbon dioxide, which comprises a high-precision injection pump, an ice bath constant-temperature system, a carbon dioxide intermediate container, a methane intermediate container, a pressure loading system, an acoustic emission monitoring system, a data acquisition system, a temperature control system, a gas flowmeter and a back-pressure valve, wherein,
the high-precision injection pump is used for controlling the pressure of injected carbon dioxide;
the ice bath constant temperature system is used for controlling the temperature of the injected carbon dioxide;
the pressure loading system is used for loading different confining pressures on the shale;
the acoustic emission monitoring system and the data acquisition system are used for detecting the acoustic emission characteristics of the shale at different times;
the back pressure valve is used for discharging carbon dioxide gas in the smoldering well, and simultaneously, the internal pressure of the rock core is kept not to be reduced;
the methane intermediate container and the gas flowmeter are used for testing the permeability of the shale before and after the ultralow-temperature carbon dioxide huffing and puff;
the temperature control system is used for controlling the temperature of the core holder.
Furthermore, the acoustic emission detection system comprises an acoustic transmitter, an acoustic receiver and an acoustic control system, and is used for detecting the acoustic emission characteristics of the shale at different times.
Further, the carbon dioxide intermediate container is a carbon dioxide gas cylinder, and the methane intermediate container is a methane gas cylinder.
The second aspect of the invention provides a method for fracturing shale by multi-round huff and puff of ultralow-temperature carbon dioxide, which uses the device for fracturing shale by multi-round huff and puff of ultralow-temperature carbon dioxide, and comprises the following steps:
s1, photographing the cleaned rock core, and carrying out first CT scanning;
s2, placing the core into a core holder, increasing confining pressure through the pressure loading system, opening the methane intermediate container, filling methane with a certain pressure into the left end of the shale, recording the reading of a flowmeter after the flow of the methane at the right end of the core is stable, and calculating the initial permeability of the shale;
s3, opening the acoustic wave transmitter and the acoustic wave receiver, connecting the acoustic transmitter and the acoustic receiver with an acoustic emission instrument, setting acoustic emission parameters, and acquiring required data and graphs to obtain shale initial acoustic wave related parameters;
s4, opening the intermediate container of the carbon dioxide, introducing the carbon dioxide into an ice bath constant temperature system, and setting the required ice bath temperature until the temperature of the carbon dioxide is stable and does not change any more;
simultaneously raising the temperature of the core holder to the experimental temperature, and keeping the temperature stable and unchanged;
s5, opening a high-precision injection pump and an injection valve, injecting low-temperature carbon dioxide gas with a certain volume into the core holder at a constant flow rate, synchronously increasing confining pressure, ensuring that the internal pressure difference of the core does not exceed 3-5 MPa until the pressure of the carbon dioxide injection pump and a back pressure valve is increased to the experimental pressure, closing the injection valve, and keeping the state for a period of time;
s6, slowly opening the outlet valve and the back pressure valve to slowly reduce the pressure to the set pressure and synchronously reduce the confining pressure; then, keeping the constant flow rate, injecting a certain volume of low-temperature carbon dioxide gas to the experiment pressure again, closing the injection valve, repeating the steps S4 and S5 for multiple times, and stopping injection;
s7, after the internal pressure of the rock core is reduced to a set pressure, closing a carbon dioxide injection pump, opening a methane intermediate container, filling methane with a certain pressure into the left end of the shale, recording the reading of a flowmeter after the flow of the methane at the right end of the rock core is stable, and calculating the experimental permeability of the shale;
s8, setting acoustic emission parameters after the permeability is tested, and collecting required data and graphs again to obtain acoustic wave related parameters after the shale experiment;
and S9, after the experiment is finished, taking out the core, observing the surface condition of the core, performing CT scanning again, and photographing to compare with the core before the experiment.
Further, the core is preferably columnar.
Further, in the steps S5 and S6, the volume of the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas is preferably 0.1 to 0.3 times of the pore volume, and more preferably 0.2PV of the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas.
Compared with the prior art, the device and the method have the following advantages:
(1) the invention can lead the shale to have cracks and increase the permeability through simple experimental operation, does not need to increase the fluid pressure to crack the shale core, leads the shale to have new cracks or extend old cracks by ultralow temperature carbon dioxide circulation injection and stewing for a period of time, and utilizes the distribution difference of the thermal stress of the core to finally improve the permeability of the shale, namely CO2And the experimental support is provided in the aspect of oil displacement and shale recovery efficiency improvement.
(2) The permeability before and after fracturing the shale can be tested, and the permeability increasing effect is evaluated;
(3) through a plurality of experiments with different temperatures and different pressures, the experimental conditions which can increase the permeability of the target reservoir stratum to the maximum can be obtained, and a referable experimental basis is provided for future engineering application.
The technical features described above can be combined in various technically feasible ways to produce new embodiments, as long as the object of the invention is achieved.
Drawings
The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter on the basis of non-limiting examples only and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:
FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for multi-round huff and puff fracturing of shale with ultra-low temperature carbon dioxide in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a graph comparing the permeability change before and after injection in example 1;
figure 3 shows a graph comparing the acoustic wave changes before and after injection in example 1.
In the drawings, like components are denoted by like reference numerals. The figures are not drawn to scale.
Wherein the reference numerals are:
1. a high precision injection pump; 2. an ice bath constant temperature system; 3. CO 22A gas cylinder; 4. a pressure loading system; 5. a back pressure valve; 6. an acoustic wave emitter; 7. an acoustic receiver; 8. the system comprises a sound wave control system and a data acquisition system; 9. a gas flow meter; 10. CH (CH)4A gas cylinder; 11. a temperature control system.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the embodiments and the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, and the technical solutions formed are within the scope of the present invention.
Parts which are not described in the invention can be realized by adopting or referring to the prior art.
As shown in figure 1, the ultralow-temperature carbon dioxide multi-round huff-puff fracturing shale device comprises a high-precision injection pump 1, an ice bath constant-temperature system 2 and CO2Gas cylinder 3, CH4A gas cylinder 10, a pressure loading system 4, a sound wave emitter 6, a sound wave receiver 7, a sound wave control system and data acquisition system 8, a temperature control system 11, a gas flowmeter 9 and a back pressure valve 5, wherein,
high precision injection pump 1 for controlled injection of CO2The pressure of (a);
ice bath constant temperature system 2 for controlling CO injection2The temperature of (a);
the pressure loading system 4 is used for loading different confining pressures on the shale;
the sound wave control system and the data acquisition system 8 are used for detecting the shale sound wave emission characteristics at different times;
the back pressure valve 5 is used for discharging CO in the braized well2Gas, and simultaneously, the internal pressure of the rock core is kept not to be reduced;
CH4gas cylinder 10 and gas flowmeter 9 for testing ultralow temperature CO2Permeability of shale before and after huff and puff;
the temperature control system 11 is used to control the temperature of the core holder.
The verification method comprises the following steps:
s1, photographing the cleaned columnar rock core, and carrying out first CT scanning;
s2, placing the columnar rock core into a rock core holder, increasing confining pressure to 4MPa, and opening CH4The gas cylinder is used for filling CH with certain pressure into the left end of the shale4Right end CH of core4After the flow is stable, recording the reading of the flowmeter, and calculating the initial permeability of the shale;
s3, opening the acoustic wave emitter and the acoustic wave receiver, connecting the acoustic emission instrument, setting acoustic emission parameters, and acquiring required data and graphs to obtain shale initial acoustic wave related parameters;
s4, opening CO2Introducing the gas cylinder into an ice bath constant temperature system, setting the ice bath temperature to be-30 ℃, and waiting for CO2The temperature is stable and does not change;
simultaneously raising the temperature of the core holder to the experimental temperature, and keeping the temperature stable and unchanged;
s5, opening the high-precision injection pump and the injection valve, and injecting 0.2PV low-temperature CO into the core holder at a constant flow rate2Gas, and synchronously increasing confining pressure to ensure that the internal pressure difference of the rock core does not exceed 3MPa until CO2The pressure of the injection pump and the back pressure valve is increased to the experimental pressure, the injection valve is closed, and the state (well stewing) is kept for a period of time;
s6, slowly opening the outlet valve and the back pressure valve to slowly reduce the pressure to the set pressure and synchronously reduce the confining pressure; then keeping the constant flow rate to inject the low-temperature CO of 0.2PV again2Gas to experimental pressure, close the injection valve, mostlyStopping the injection after repeating the steps S4 and S5;
s7, after the internal pressure of the rock core is reduced to the set pressure, CO is closed2Injection pump, turn on CH4The gas cylinder is used for filling CH with certain pressure into the left end of the shale4Right end CH of core4After the flow is stable, recording the reading of the flowmeter, and calculating the permeability of the shale after the experiment;
s8, setting acoustic emission parameters after the permeability is tested, and collecting required data and graphs again to obtain acoustic wave related parameters after the shale experiment;
and S9, after the experiment is finished, taking out the core, observing the surface condition of the core, performing CT scanning again, and photographing to compare with the core before the experiment.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, fig. 2 and 3 are graphs comparing permeability change and acoustic wave change before and after injection, respectively. As can be seen from the figure, by mixing ultra-low temperature CO2And (3) the shale is injected in a circulating mode, new cracks or extension of old cracks appear in the shale, and finally the permeability of the shale is improved.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above descriptions are only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. An ultralow-temperature carbon dioxide multi-wheel huff-puff shale fracturing device is characterized by comprising a high-precision injection pump, an ice bath constant-temperature system, a carbon dioxide intermediate container, a methane intermediate container, a pressure loading system, an acoustic emission monitoring system, a data acquisition system, a temperature control system, a gas flowmeter and a back-pressure valve, wherein,
the high-precision injection pump is used for controlling the pressure of injected carbon dioxide;
the ice bath constant temperature system is used for controlling the temperature of the injected carbon dioxide;
the pressure loading system is used for loading different confining pressures on the shale;
the acoustic emission monitoring system and the data acquisition system are used for detecting the acoustic emission characteristics of the shale at different times;
the back pressure valve is used for discharging carbon dioxide gas in the smoldering well, and simultaneously, the internal pressure of the rock core is kept not to be reduced;
the methane intermediate container and the gas flowmeter are used for testing the permeability of the shale before and after the ultralow-temperature carbon dioxide huffing and puff;
the temperature control system is used for controlling the temperature of the core holder.
2. The ultra-low temperature carbon dioxide multi-round huff and puff shale device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acoustic emission detection system comprises an acoustic emitter, an acoustic receiver and an acoustic control system, and is used for detecting the acoustic emission characteristics of the shale at different times.
3. The ultra-low temperature carbon dioxide multi-round huff and puff shale device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide intermediate container is a carbon dioxide cylinder, and the methane intermediate container is a methane cylinder.
4. A method of multi-cycle huff and puff fracturing of shale with ultra-low temperature carbon dioxide, characterized in that the apparatus of multi-cycle huff and puff fracturing of shale with ultra-low temperature carbon dioxide according to any of claims 1-3 is used, the method comprising the following steps:
s1, photographing the cleaned rock core, and carrying out first CT scanning;
s2, placing the core into a core holder, increasing confining pressure through the pressure loading system, opening the methane intermediate container, filling methane with a certain pressure into the left end of the shale, recording the reading of a flowmeter after the flow of the methane at the right end of the core is stable, and calculating the initial permeability of the shale;
s3, opening the acoustic wave transmitter and the acoustic wave receiver, connecting the acoustic transmitter and the acoustic receiver with an acoustic emission instrument, setting acoustic emission parameters, and acquiring required data and graphs to obtain shale initial acoustic wave related parameters;
s4, opening the intermediate container of the carbon dioxide, introducing the carbon dioxide into an ice bath constant temperature system, and setting the required ice bath temperature until the temperature of the carbon dioxide is stable and does not change any more;
simultaneously raising the temperature of the core holder to the experimental temperature, and keeping the temperature stable and unchanged;
s5, opening a high-precision injection pump and an injection valve, injecting low-temperature carbon dioxide gas with a certain volume into the core holder at a constant flow rate, synchronously increasing confining pressure, ensuring that the internal pressure difference of the core does not exceed 3-5 MPa until the pressure of the carbon dioxide injection pump and a back pressure valve is increased to the experimental pressure, closing the injection valve, and keeping the state for a period of time;
s6, slowly opening the outlet valve and the back pressure valve to slowly reduce the pressure to the set pressure and synchronously reduce the confining pressure; then, keeping the constant flow rate, injecting a certain volume of low-temperature carbon dioxide gas to the experiment pressure again, closing the injection valve, repeating the steps S4 and S5 for multiple times, and stopping injection;
s7, after the internal pressure of the rock core is reduced to a set pressure, closing a carbon dioxide injection pump, opening a methane intermediate container, filling methane with a certain pressure into the left end of the shale, recording the reading of a flowmeter after the flow of the methane at the right end of the rock core is stable, and calculating the experimental permeability of the shale;
s8, setting acoustic emission parameters after the permeability is tested, and collecting required data and graphs again to obtain acoustic wave related parameters after the shale experiment;
and S9, after the experiment is finished, taking out the core, observing the surface condition of the core, performing CT scanning again, and photographing to compare with the core before the experiment.
5. The method for ultralow temperature carbon dioxide multi-round huff and puff fracturing of shale as claimed in claim 4, wherein the core is columnar.
6. The method for multi-round huff and puff fracturing of shale with ultra-low temperature carbon dioxide as claimed in claim 4, wherein the volume of the low temperature carbon dioxide gas is 0.1-0.3 times of the pore volume in the steps S5 and S6.
7. The ultra-low temperature carbon dioxide multi-round huff and puff method for fracturing shale as claimed in claim 4 or 6, wherein the volume of the low temperature carbon dioxide gas is 0.2 times of the pore volume in the steps S5 and S6.
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