CN110999676A - Seedling-disc-free straw degradable matrix block for rice dry seedling raising - Google Patents
Seedling-disc-free straw degradable matrix block for rice dry seedling raising Download PDFInfo
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- CN110999676A CN110999676A CN202010000411.6A CN202010000411A CN110999676A CN 110999676 A CN110999676 A CN 110999676A CN 202010000411 A CN202010000411 A CN 202010000411A CN 110999676 A CN110999676 A CN 110999676A
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 93
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- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
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- 235000019710 soybean protein Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0291—Planting receptacles specially adapted for remaining in the soil after planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
- A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/42—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure of granular or aggregated structure
Abstract
The application discloses a seedling-disc-free straw degradable matrix block for rice dry seedling raising, which comprises a matrix and a frame arranged around the matrix and protruding out of the surface of the matrix; the upper surface of the substrate is provided with a plurality of square recesses which are arranged vertically and horizontally, the lower surface of the substrate is provided with square bulges corresponding to the recesses, and the shapes of the recesses and the bulges are matched; the connecting part of the concave cavities forms a cavity wall, and the bottoms of the concave cavities are provided with cavity valleys; the adjacent bulges are longitudinally or transversely arranged to form a Pi-shaped air passage; the outer frame and the lower layer surface of the matrix are sprayed with shaping layer films; the frame structure of the substrate block is original, so that the phenomena of sprinkling and adhesion of rice seedling roots in the continuous sowing process of rice seeds can be prevented, and the carpet rolling efficiency of the substrate block is improved; the Pi-shaped air passage structure can ensure the oxygen quantity at the bottom of the substrate after the rice seeds in the recesses grow roots, promote the bottom surface to bulge to form a gas-liquid-solid interface, and has the functions of water retention and ventilation; the substrate block can effectively promote specialization, mechanization and scale of rice seedling raising and mechanical transplanting cultivation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural rice seedling raising matrix carriers and agricultural machinery for rice seedling raising, in particular to a seedling-tray-free straw degradable matrix block for rice dry seedling raising.
Background
China is the biggest rice producing country and the largest consuming country in the world, and more than 60 percent of people use rice as main food. So far, the rice planting area in China exceeds 20 percent of the total global planting area, and the total annual grain yield accounts for 1/3 percent of the total global grain yield. With the change of planting modes, the rice planting is gradually developed towards standardization and scale, the sustainable development of the rice industry is realized, and the yield and the quality are equally important. The seedling raising is the first step of the high-yield rice cultivation technology and is the basis for realizing high yield and high quality of rice.
The rice mechanical transplanting technology is being popularized in a large area in China, and the nutrient medium soil and the plastic seedling tray for mechanical transplanting seedling cultivation are large in consumption and fast in growth. At present, the mechanical transplanting rate of China is over 40 percent, the annual usage amount of plastic seedling trays is over 30 hundred million, and the nutrient medium soil consumption is nearly 3 hundred million m3. The traditional rice seedling raising method not only consumes a large amount of soil and destroys a soil plough layer, but also wastes labor and time, has low operation efficiency and high cost, and generates a large amount of waste plastic products every year to cause serious white pollution.
With the progress of science and technology, in recent years, the technology of adopting straws as main raw materials to manufacture special-shaped seedling raising substrate blocks or substrate discs as carrier substrates for rice seedling raising is carried forward. The carrier matrix is used for breeding rice, the rice seedlings have good quality, strong root system coiling and excellent quality, and the problems of the prior farmland cultivated land destruction and the like are solved. However, the existing seedling raising process still needs plastic soft disks or hard disks for bearing, otherwise the following problems are easily caused: 1) the substrate block or the substrate plate is easy to spill in the process of sowing by the assembly line, the edge part of the substrate block or the plate is easy to lack seeds, and the phenomenon of missing planting occurs in the cultivation process; 2) after the seedling is placed in the tray, in the seedling growing process, because the root systems of the rice are interpenetrated and connected, the substrate blocks or the tray are connected and cannot be used for blanket lifting, a matched iron mold is needed to be adopted for cutting according to the size of the substrate blocks, the blanket rolling efficiency of the rice seedlings is seriously reduced, the matching degree of the rice transplanter connection time is low, the operation efficiency is low, the labor intensity is high, the root parts of the seedlings are damaged in the cutting process, the seedling transplanting survival rate is low, the seedling recovery period is long, and the application and popularization of the substrate blocks or the substrate tray.
Based on the problems in the prior art, how to effectively solve the above-mentioned bottleneck existing in the use and application process of the straw substrate block is a key link and a key breakthrough point of the current rice dry seedling mechanical operation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the invention provides a seedling-tray-free straw degradable matrix block for rice dry seedling raising, which avoids the requirement that the existing matrix block needs to be fixed by a plastic seedling tray for seedling raising, solves the problem that farmland cultivated land is damaged by taking soil, and has the effects of saving seeds, fertilizers and labor, increasing yield and the like. Meanwhile, specialization, mechanization and scale of rice seedling raising and machine transplanting cultivation can be effectively promoted.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a seedling-tray-free straw degradable matrix block for rice dry seedling raising comprises a matrix 1, wherein frames 2 protruding out of the surface of the matrix 1 are arranged on the periphery of the matrix 1; the upper surface of the substrate block matrix 1 is provided with a plurality of square recesses 3 which are arranged vertically and horizontally, the lower surface of the matrix 1 is provided with square bulges 6 corresponding to the recesses 3, and the shapes of the recesses 3 and the bulges 6 are matched; the joint of the concave 3 is a cavity wall 4, and the flat bottom of the concave 3 is a cavity valley 5; the adjacent bulges 6 are regularly arranged in the longitudinal direction or the transverse direction to form a ventilating Pi-shaped air passage 7; and spraying a shaping layer film 8 on the outer frame and the lower layer surface of the substrate 1.
In the application, the raw material of the substrate block 1 can be the conventional straw substrate block raw material in the field, and the shaping layer film 8 is prepared by the following method: mixing the synthesized high polymer with water according to the volume ratio of 1: 3-5, emulsifying to form emulsion, adding biochar, and performing ultrasonic dispersion and homogeneous shearing to obtain a nitrogen-rich slow-release nutrition-shaping composite material; spraying the obtained nitrogen-rich slow-release nutrition shaping composite material on the periphery and the lower layer surface of a negative pressure adsorption-formed matrix block, aging for 10min, and drying in a drying oven at 103 +/-2 ℃ to obtain a shaping layer film 8; generally, the mass of the shaping layer film accounts for 1-2% of the mass of the matrix block;
the synthetic high polymer is prepared by the following method: adding sodium hydroxide into a soybean protein isolate water solution with the mass fraction of 15%, wherein the adding amount of the sodium hydroxide accounts for 1% of the mass of the soybean protein isolate; treating at 121 deg.C for 30min, and cooling to obtain soybean protein isolate hydrolysate; soybean protein isolate hydrolysate and formaldehyde are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1: 3, uniformly mixing, adding urea, adjusting the pH value to 8.0, carrying out heat preservation reaction at 90 ℃ for 90min, then adjusting the pH value of the solution to 5.5-6.0, carrying out polymerization reaction at 90 ℃ for 30min, then adjusting the pH value to 7.5, carrying out constant temperature reaction at 65 ℃ for 20-30min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the synthetic high polymer; the molar ratio of added urea to formaldehyde is 1.5: 1.
in the method, the biochar is conventional biochar in the field, such as agricultural and forestry wastes like rice husks, straws, coconut shells, bamboos, oil tea shells and the like, which are used as raw materials and baked, the size of the biochar is 60-80 meshes, and the mass of the added biochar is 5-10% of that of the synthesized high polymer.
Furthermore, in the seedling-tray-free straw degradable matrix block for rice dry seedling raising, the vertical distance from the top end of the frame 2 to the upper surface of the matrix block matrix 1 is 0.3-0.5 cm.
Further, in the seedling-free disc straw degradable matrix block for rice dry seedling raising provided by the application, the inner side of the frame 2 is connected with the concave 3 on the upper surface of the matrix block matrix 1, and the connection included angle is an obtuse angle, the outer side of the frame 2 is connected with the convex on the lower surface of the matrix block matrix 1, and the connection included angle is an obtuse angle; the angle theta between the frame 2 and the plane of the lower surface of the matrix block base 1 is 90-180 deg., preferably 105-135 deg..
Further, in the seedling-free disc straw degradable matrix block for rice dry seedling raising provided by the application, the vertical distance between the top end of each hole wall 4 and the adjacent hole valley 5 is 0.5-0.8 cm.
Further, in the seedling-free disc straw degradable matrix block for rice dry seedling raising provided by the application, the height of the protrusion 6 (namely the vertical distance between the bottom end of the protrusion 6 and the lower surface of the matrix 1, and the vertical distance of the channel of 'pi') is 1/3-1/2 of the overall height of the matrix block.
Furthermore, in the seedling-tray-free straw degradable matrix block for rice dry seedling raising, provided by the application, the cross section of the end surface of the concave 3 on the upper surface of the matrix block 1 is square; the number of the upper surface cavity 3 and the lower surface bulge 6 is 500-700; the length of the matrix block matrix 1 is about 57cm, the width is about 27cm, and the height is 1.5-1.8 cm.
The unique design of the frame structure and the shaping layer film is suitable for the use of the matrix block or the matrix disc prepared by any prior art.
The raw materials of the substrate block mainly comprise crop straws as main raw materials, and can contain other degradable auxiliary materials or fertilizers and the like, so that the purpose of the patent can be realized.
Compared with the existing substrate block, the seedling-tray-free straw degradable substrate block for rice dry seedling raising provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the nitrogen-rich slow-release nutrition shaping layer film is good in fixing, edge sealing and shaping effects, the shaping layer can prevent rice seedling root systems on the peripheral side edges of the matrix blocks from growing outwards, the root systems of adjacent matrix blocks are intertwined with each other, the inter-matrix-block root connecting phenomenon is caused, and then the later-stage seedling lifting and blanket rolling operation is influenced, so that the seedling blanket corner tearing is uneven, the transplanting is influenced, the blanket rolling efficiency of the matrix blocks can be greatly improved, the rice seedling raising production links are reduced, and the labor, the labor and the time are saved. In addition, the shaping layer film has rich nitrogen content, is adsorbed on the inner surface of the biochar and has better effect of slowly releasing and supplying nutrients.
2) The frame structure is innovatively designed, the problems that rice seeds are scattered in the continuous sowing process, the edges of the substrate blocks lack rice seeds and the like can be solved, the shaping layer film is sprayed on the outer surface of the frame, and the two layers are combined, so that the technical bottleneck that the root systems of rice seedlings at adjacent positions of the existing straw substrate block arrangement are adhered can be further solved; the obtuse angle structure can ensure that the rice seeds are uniformly spread on the upper surface of the matrix block, and when the rice seeds are freely scattered in the sowing process, the rice seeds need to slide downwards from the frame, so that the angle between the frame and the matrix block is controlled between 90 degrees and 180 degrees (preferably 105 degrees to 135 degrees), the rice seeds are ensured to slide from the frame to the upper surface layer, and the rice seeds are prevented from sprouting on the frame.
3) The Pi-shaped air passage structure can ensure the ventilation quantity of the bottom of the substrate after the rice seeds in the recesses grow roots, promote the bottom surface to bulge to form an air, liquid and solid interface, and has the functions of water retention and ventilation. The vertical distance between the valley of the concave cavity above the substrate block and the ventilating Pi-shaped air passage on the lower surface is practically equal to the maximum height of the bulge on the lower surface. The height design of the bulge can ensure the area of the gas-liquid-solid interface, and the bulge can retain water and ventilate; meanwhile, the thickness of the lower surface bulge is ensured, a carrier matrix is provided for the growth of the rice seed root system, and good root system coiling force is formed. The square concave cavities arranged vertically and horizontally can effectively guarantee the precise sowing of rice, the problem of multiple seedlings or seedling shortage existing in the existing substrate block is solved, and meanwhile, the design of the cavity wall can reduce the seed covering process after the sowing.
4) The substrate block can adopt the common straw fiber substrate block in the current market, and has wide sources; the substrate block and the shaping layer film have the functions of nutrition and slow release, and provide nutrients for the growth of seedlings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a seedling-tray-free straw degradable substrate block for dry seedling raising of frontal rice prepared in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the seedling-tray-free straw degradable substrate block for rice dry seedling cultivation prepared in example 3.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the upper layer of the seedling-tray-free straw degradable substrate block for dry-raised rice seedlings prepared in example 3.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the lower layer of the seedling-tray-free straw degradable substrate block for dry-raised rice seedlings prepared in example 3.
FIG. 5 is a schematic lower-layer perspective view of the seedling-tray-free straw degradable substrate block for dry-raised rice seedlings prepared in example 3.
In the figure: 1. a substrate; 2. a frame; 3. a pocket; 4. a cavity wall; 5. acupoint Gu; 6. a protrusion; 7. a "pi" shaped airway; 8. and (4) a shaping layer film 8.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the advantages and features of the invention.
The examples refer to raw material/instrument sources:
isolated soy protein was purchased from Tianli food, llc of Anyang;
the biochar is purchased from Zhejiang Changjian Polyagri technology development Co., Ltd;
the ultrasonic dispersion instrument is purchased from Shanghai Yuanzhong, and has the model YZ-500 DB;
drum former model JK-YMP-2500, available from suma, gold automation equipment ltd;
the full-automatic rice seedling raising and sowing production line is 2BZP-800(SR-K800CN) of the Long-time field protection company;
the colloid mill was purchased from Shanghai Kencon mechanical Equipment, Inc., model LP 2000/4;
the emulsifier was a SRH-S laboratory high shear emulsifier available from Shanghai Shih electromechanical devices, Inc.
Example 1 degradable seedling-tray-free straw substrate block for rice dry seedling raising
The cross-sectional view of the seedling-tray-free straw degradable matrix block for rice dry seedling cultivation prepared in the embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and the seedling-tray-free straw degradable matrix block comprises a matrix block matrix 1, wherein the periphery of the matrix block matrix 1 is provided with frames 2 protruding out of the surface of the matrix block matrix; the upper surface of the substrate block matrix 1 is provided with a plurality of square concave cavities 3 which are arranged vertically and horizontally, the joints of the concave cavities 3 are concave walls 4, and the flat bottoms of the concave cavities 3 are concave valleys 5; the lower surface of the substrate block matrix 1 is provided with a plurality of square bulges 6 which are arranged vertically and horizontally, and adjacent bulges are regularly arranged vertically or horizontally to form a Pi-shaped air passage 7; the recess 3 matches the shape of the bulge 6.
The preparation method of the material of the substrate block in the embodiment refers to 'multilayer straw substrate block' prepared in the Chinese patent '110476774A' (the invention name: the multilayer rice straw substrate block for machine-transplanted rice seedling and the seedling raising method) in the embodiment 1; and (2) carrying out vacuum forming on the obtained base block raw material by using a single-station reciprocating forming machine under negative pressure (-0.01 MPa), namely, mixing the well-compounded straw material and water according to the mass ratio of 1: 50, stirring uniformly, and performing negative pressure adsorption by a drum type forming machine after pulping and homogenizing treatment to obtain the straw degradable matrix block.
In the embodiment, the length, width and height of the substrate block are 57cm multiplied by 27cm multiplied by 1.8cm, and the section of the end surface of the concave 3 on the upper surface of the substrate block 1 is square; the number of the upper surface recesses and the lower surface protrusions is 576 (in the specific implementation, the number can be controlled within the range of 500-. In this embodiment, the angle θ between the frame and the bottom surface of the substrate block is 105 °.
In specific implementation, the preparation of the matrix block can also use conventional straw matrix block materials, and the height of the matrix block can also be controlled within the range of 1.5-1.8cm according to actual needs.
In this embodiment, the vertical distance from the top end of the frame 2 to the upper surface of the substrate block 1 is 0.3cm, and in the specific implementation, the distance is controlled to be between 0.3cm and 0.5cm, so as to achieve the purpose of the invention.
In this embodiment, the vertical distance between the top end of the cavity wall 4 and the adjacent cavity valley 5 is 0.5cm, and in practical implementation, the distance is controlled to be between 0.5cm and 0.8cm, which can achieve the purpose of the invention.
In this embodiment, the height of the protrusion 6 is 0.6cm, which is 1/3 of the overall height of the substrate block, and in practice, the height is controlled within the range of 1/3-1/2, which can achieve the purpose of the invention.
The content design of the seedling-tray-free straw degradable substrate block module is the same as that of embodiment 1, and the difference lies in an included angle theta between the frame and the lower surface plane of the substrate block substrate, and the phenomena of the substrate block such as the rice seed leakage rate in the flow-line sowing process and the like are monitored.
Test group S-A: θ equals 105 °;
test group S-B: θ is 135 °;
control CK-A: θ is 90 °;
control CK-B: θ equals 175 °;
control CK-C: no frame design, other same test group S-A.
And (3) rice seed scattering probability statistics: 20 degradable straw substrate blocks sequentially enter a full-automatic rice seedling raising and sowing assembly line. The sowing mode refers to the enterprise standard of the Long-time Bay field agricultural machinery (Suzhou) limited company, Q/320500KAMS029-2018, the quantity of the substrate blocks scattered outside the rice seeds is recorded, and the probability of the substrate blocks scattered outside the rice seeds is calculated; the external scattering standard is counted by exceeding 0.5 percent of sowing quantity when the seeds pass. Based on this criterion, the scattering probability of the seed rice of the substrate block was measured, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 statistics of the rice seed sprinkling probability of the substrate blocks passing through the full-automatic rice seedling raising and sowing assembly line
As can be seen from Table 1, the frame structure can effectively prevent the rice seeds from spilling during the continuous sowing process; the included angle theta between the frame and the lower surface plane of the matrix block matrix is designed to be an obtuse angle, so that rice seeds are guaranteed to be uniformly spread on the upper surface of the matrix block. The design of the specific included angle considers that the rice seeds need to slide from the frame to the surface when freely falling, so the angle is controlled to be between 90 degrees and more than theta and less than 180 degrees, preferably between 105 degrees and more than theta and less than or equal to 135 degrees, the aim of the invention can be achieved within the range of the angle in order to ensure that the rice seeds slide from the frame to the surface and prevent the rice seeds from sprouting on the frame.
Example 3 sizing layer film formulation and Screen optimization
According to the structural design result of the embodiment 2, the frame of the substrate block can effectively prevent the rice seeds from leaking in the flow line seedling raising and sowing process. However, in the later stage of seedling raising, due to the water absorption and moisture absorption characteristics of the frame material, the frame material is easy to collapse, and the subsequent seedling planting is affected, so on the basis of the structure, the frame is shaped by adopting a synthetic high polymer.
The section structure of the seedling-free disc straw degradable matrix block for rice dry seedling cultivation obtained in the embodiment is shown in figure 2.
The substrate block comprises a substrate 1, wherein the periphery of the substrate 1 is provided with a frame 2 protruding out of the surface of the substrate 1; the upper surface of the substrate block matrix 1 is provided with a plurality of square recesses 3 which are arranged vertically and horizontally, the lower surface of the matrix 1 is provided with square bulges 6 corresponding to the recesses 3, and the shapes of the recesses 3 and the bulges 6 are matched; the joint of the concave 3 is a cavity wall 4, and the flat bottom of the concave 3 is a cavity valley 5; the adjacent bulges 6 are regularly arranged in the longitudinal direction or the transverse direction to form a Pi-shaped air passage 7; the outer frame and the lower layer surface of the substrate 1 are carried with a shaping layer film 8.
In this embodiment, the angle θ between the frame and the bottom surface of the substrate block is 105 °.
Fig. 3 and 4 are schematic plan views of the upper surface and the lower surface of the substrate block, respectively, and fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the lower surface of the substrate block.
In this example, the matrix material of the matrix block and the shaping method are the same as those in example 1, and the screening test of the nitrogen-rich sustained-release nutrition shaping layer film is as follows:
test group 1:
a) preparing a synthetic high polymer: adding sodium hydroxide into a soybean protein isolate water solution with the mass fraction of 15%, wherein the adding amount of the sodium hydroxide accounts for 1% of the mass of the soybean protein isolate; uniformly stirring, treating at 121 deg.C for 30min, and naturally cooling to obtain soybean protein isolate hydrolysate; then, separating the soybean protein isolate hydrolysate from formaldehyde according to a volume ratio of 1: 3, uniformly mixing, adding urea, wherein the molar ratio of the urea to the formaldehyde is 1.5: 1; regulating pH value to 8.0 with sodium hydroxide solution, heating to 90 deg.C, holding for 90min, regulating pH value to 5.5-6.0 with formic acid solution, polymerizing at 90 deg.C for 30min, adding sodium hydroxide solution to regulate pH value to 7.5, holding at 65 deg.C for 20-30min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the final product.
b) Adding 100g of synthetic high polymer into 500g of water, emulsifying and shearing for 10min by using an emulsifying machine to form synthetic high polymer/water molecule homogeneous emulsion, slowly putting 10g of rice hull biochar with the particle size of 80 meshes into an emulsion system, uniformly stirring, dispersing for 30min by using an ultrasonic dispersion instrument (with the power of 600w), then homogenizing and shearing for 2 times by using a colloid mill (with the power of 2.2KW, the rotating speed of 0-14000rpm, the linear speed of 0-40m/s, the voltage of 380V and the machine output of 0-300L/h (water)) to obtain the nitrogen-rich slow-release nutrition shaping composite material, spraying the composite material on the outer frame and the lower layer surface (the thickness is about 0.1-0.2 mm) of the matrix block, aging for 10min, placing the composite material in an oven for drying at 103 +/-2 ℃, thus forming the nitrogen-rich slow-release nutrition shaping layer film FDM-1, wherein the shaping layer film accounts for 1 percent of the matrix mass of the matrix block by mass.
In the specific implementation process, the volume ratio of the synthesized high polymer to water can be 1: (3-5); the biochar is a biochar material roasted by taking agricultural and forestry wastes such as rice husks, straws, coconut shells, bamboo shells, oil tea shells and the like as raw materials, the size of the biochar is 60-80 meshes, and the mass of the biochar is 5-10% of that of the synthesized high polymer.
Test group 2: the preparation process of the nitrogen-rich slow-release nutrition shaping layer film FDM-2 is the same as that of the test group 1, except that the mass of the shaping layer film accounts for 2 percent of the matrix weight of the matrix block.
Test group 3: the preparation process of the nitrogen-rich slow-release nutrition shaping layer film FDM-3 is the same as that of the test group 2, except that the shaping layer film is not added with rice hull biochar.
Control group 1: the preparation process of the nitrogen-rich slow-release nutrition shaping layer membrane CKM-1 is the same as that of the test group 1, except that a urea formaldehyde polymer is used for replacing the 'synthesized high polymer' in the test group 1; the preparation method of the urea-formaldehyde polymer is the same as that of the synthetic high polymer in the experimental group 1 except that no soybean protein isolate hydrolysate is added; in the treatment, the mass of the shaping layer film accounts for 2 percent of the matrix weight of the matrix block.
Control group 2: the preparation process of the nitrogen-rich slow-release nutrition shaping layer membrane CKM-2 is the same as that of the test group 1, except that a soybean protein isolate polymer (the preparation method is disclosed in the literature, Sunrui, yellow-red English, common Shizhou. hydrolysis soybean protein isolate modified UF synthesis process and performance research [ J ]. Chinese adhesive, 2012, 21 (11): 1427-1431 ]) is used in the treatment to replace the synthesis high polymer used in the test group 1, and the quality of the shaping layer membrane accounts for 2% of the matrix weight of the matrix block.
Meanwhile, straw substrate blocks without the sprayed shaping layer film 8 are used as reference CK-3 (with a frame) and CK-4 (without a frame), indica rice is taken as an example, Ningliangyou No. 898, rice seeds are soaked for 24 hours, white exposure, airing and seeding are carried out, the seeding amount is 90 g/disc, and all the substrate blocks are carried out on a full-automatic rice seedling raising and seeding assembly line. After seeding is finished, tray placing and seedling raising are carried out on the cement ground, the growth of rice seedlings and the root system alternation rule are observed, and the seedling raising time is 20 days. Table 2 shows the rice seedling growth indexes and root system insertion conditions of different matrix blocks.
TABLE 2 Rice seedling growth indexes and root system insertion rules of different matrix blocks
As can be seen from table 2, the rice seedling growth indexes and root system interpenetration conditions of different matrix blocks can be seen, the matrix blocks are provided with the frames, so that the root system interpenetration phenomenon can be effectively prevented, particularly, after the shaping layer film is sprayed, the root system is basically not interpenetrated, the matrix blocks are not or rarely adhered, the carpet rolling is not influenced, the operation is convenient and fast, and the matching degree of the agricultural machinery is high; the shaping layer membrane is preferably selected from soybean protein isolate modified urea-formaldehyde polymer, so that the degradability of the shaping layer membrane can be ensured, the matrix block can be prevented from being adhered, and meanwhile, the shaping layer membrane is rich in high-nitrogen nutrition and has a slow release function, and the growth of rice seedlings is promoted (FDM-2).
It is worth noting that in the test process, the FDM-1, FDM-2 and FDM-3 contrast tests are set, namely, after full-automatic rice seedling raising and sowing assembly line sowing, a seed covering process is omitted, and 3-5 days before seedling raising, the conventional substrate block water management operation is carried out, so that the fact that the cavity can be automatically sucked, expanded and sealed by the cavity wall of the FDM-1, FDM-2 and FDM-3 is found, the function of covering the seed with substrate soil is achieved, and the difference between the seedling emergence effect and the seed covering effect is small.
The seedling-disc-free straw degradable matrix block for dry seedling raising of rice, which is produced by the technology, has the effects of saving seeds, fertilizers, labor and the like. By adopting the unique frame and the shaping layer membrane structure, the invention can be widely applied to the matrix blocks or matrix plates related in the field, and can effectively promote the specialization and scale of rice seedling raising and machine transplanting cultivation.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A seedling-tray-free straw degradable matrix block for rice dry seedling raising comprises a matrix and is characterized in that a frame protruding out of the surface of the matrix is arranged on the periphery of the matrix; the upper surface of the substrate is provided with a plurality of square recesses which are arranged vertically and horizontally, the lower surface of the substrate is provided with square bulges corresponding to the recesses, and the shapes of the recesses and the bulges are matched;
the connecting part of the concave cavities forms a cavity wall, and the bottoms of the concave cavities are provided with cavity valleys; the adjacent bulges are longitudinally or transversely arranged to form a Pi-shaped air passage; the outer frame and the lower layer surface of the matrix are sprayed with shaping layer films;
the shaping layer film is obtained by the following method: mixing the synthesized high polymer with water according to the volume ratio of 1: 3-5, emulsifying to form emulsion, adding biochar, ultrasonically dispersing, homogenizing and shearing to obtain a nitrogen-rich slow-release nutrition shaping composite material; spraying the nitrogen-rich slow-release nutrition shaping composite material on the periphery and the lower layer surface of a substrate block formed by negative pressure adsorption, aging and drying to obtain a shaping layer film;
the synthetic high polymer is prepared by the following method: mixing sodium hydroxide and soybean protein isolate aqueous solution, treating at 121 deg.C for 30min, and cooling to obtain soybean protein isolate hydrolysate; soybean protein isolate hydrolysate and formaldehyde are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1: 3, uniformly mixing, adding urea, adjusting the pH value to 8.0, carrying out heat preservation reaction at 90 ℃ for 90min, then adjusting the pH value to 5.5-6.0, carrying out polymerization reaction at 90 ℃ for 30min, adjusting the pH value to 7.5, carrying out constant temperature reaction at 65 ℃ for 20-30min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the synthetic high polymer; the adding amount of the sodium hydroxide accounts for 1% of the mass of the soybean protein isolate, and the molar ratio of the added urea to the added formaldehyde is 1.5: 1.
2. the seedling-free disc straw degradable substrate block for rice dry seedling raising according to claim 1, wherein the mass of the shaping layer film accounts for 1-2% of the mass of the substrate.
3. The seedling-free disc straw degradable matrix block for the rice dry seedling raising as claimed in claim 2, wherein the vertical distance from the top end of the frame 2 to the upper surface of the matrix block matrix 1 is 0.3-0.5 cm.
4. The seedling-tray-free straw degradable substrate block for rice seedling raising in dry land as claimed in claim 2, wherein the included angle θ between the frame and the lower surface plane of the substrate is in the range of 105-135 °.
5. The seedling-free disc straw degradable matrix block for the rice dry seedling raising according to claim 2, wherein the vertical distance between the top end of the cavity wall and the adjacent cavity valley is 0.5-0.8 cm.
6. The seedling-free disc straw degradable matrix block for the rice dry seedling raising according to claim 2, wherein the height of the protrusion is 1/3-1/2 of the height of the degradable matrix block.
7. The seedling-free disc straw degradable substrate block for rice dry seedling raising according to claim 2, wherein the cross section of the end surface of the recess is square.
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Application publication date: 20200414 Assignee: Hubei wokaike Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: JIANGSU ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980052011 Denomination of invention: A biodegradable substrate block of straw without seedling tray for dry rice seedling cultivation Granted publication date: 20210618 License type: Common License Record date: 20231213 |