CN110985531B - 一种耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承及其制备方法。所述耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承包括外环、内环、球滚珠、保持架;所述球滚珠在外环与内环之间设置,外环和内环由热等静压ZrO2陶瓷制成,球滚珠是由热等静压ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷制成,保持架在球滚珠的四周,部分地包裹球滚珠,保持架由聚四氟乙烯制成。该方法制备的陶瓷轴承在酸腐蚀性环境中具有优良的耐腐蚀和耐磨损性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承及其制备方法,具体说,是以热等静压后处理的ZrO2陶瓷作为内外环,以热等静压后处理的ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷作为球滚珠,以聚四氟乙烯作为保持架,装配而成的耐腐蚀、耐磨损的全陶瓷轴承,属于陶瓷轴承的制备领域。
背景技术
轴承是当代机械设备中一种重要零部件,对于支撑机械旋转体,降低其运动过程中的摩擦系数,并保证其回转精度具有重要作用。随着航空航天、军事国防、电力电子等行业的快速发展,精密轴承零部件的使用环境日趋复杂。在一些特殊的使用环境下,比如具有一定酸碱度的腐蚀性环境中,传统的金属轴承已较难满足应用要求。此时则需要耐腐蚀性能更好的陶瓷轴承。氮化硅虽是一种性能非常全面的陶瓷材料,作为轴承也在众多领域得到广泛应用。但是,在水溶液中氮化硅存在一定的水解,烧结助剂所形成的第二相也会在服役过程中发生腐蚀,从而加剧老化,导致耐磨损性能急剧降低。相对而言,在此种使用条件下,没有晶界相的细晶ZrO2陶瓷和ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷则具有更优异的服役性能。
发明内容
针对上述缺陷,本发明提供一种耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承及其制备方法。
第一方面,本发明提供一种耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承,所述耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承包括外环、内环、球滚珠、保持架;所述球滚珠在外环与内环之间设置,外环和内环由热等静压ZrO2陶瓷制成,球滚珠是由热等静压ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷制成,保持架在球滚珠的四周,部分地包裹球滚珠,保持架由聚四氟乙烯制成。
较佳地,所述ZrO2陶瓷的组成为2-4wt%Y2O3和96-98wt%ZrO2,抗弯强度为1413.6-1908.9MPa,断裂韧性为10.3-14.6MPa·m1/2;所述ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷的组成为0.25-0.75wt%Cr2O3、15-25wt%ZrO2和74.25-84.75wt%Al2O3,抗弯强度为826.6-1059.8MPa,断裂韧性为6.3-8.6MPa·m1/2。
较佳地,所述陶瓷轴承在PH为3-4.5的酸腐蚀性环境下,载荷为10-30N,转速为1000-1500r/min,服役时间为650-850h时,磨损率为0.01-0.04wt%。
传统的ZrO2陶瓷或者ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷同质内外环和球滚珠配对,同质对磨,磨损量较大。因此,本发明采用超高强度的热等静压后处理的ZrO2陶瓷作为内外环,超高强度的热等静压后处理的ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷作为球滚珠,聚四氟乙烯作为保持架,配对成轴承。软硬配对的方式能够有效减少磨损,提高轴承使用寿命,延长轴承在酸腐蚀条件下的服役时间。
第二方面,本发明还提供上述耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将ZrO2粉体和Y2O3粉体按照(96-98):(2-4)的质量比例添加酒精配置成浆料进行球磨,将球磨得到的浆料烘干、过筛后干压预成型,冷等静压成型,烧结,热等静压后处理,获得ZrO2陶瓷;
(2)将Al2O3粉体、ZrO2粉体和Cr2O3粉体按照(74.25-84.75):(15-25):(0.25-0.75)的质量比例添加酒精配置成浆料进行球磨,将球磨得到的浆料烘干、过筛后干压预成型,冷等静压成型,烧结,热等静压后处理,获得ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷;
(3)将ZrO2陶瓷加工成P5级精度的内外环,将ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷加工成P5级精度的球滚珠,内外环、球滚珠与四氟乙烯保持架组合,即得耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承。
较佳地,所述ZrO2粉体的粒径为30-150nm,Al2O3粉体的粒径为0.1-0.3μm,Y2O3粉体的粒径为2-4μm,Cr2O3粉体的粒径为1-3μm。
较佳地,步骤(1)中,浆料固含量为19-23vol%。
较佳地,步骤(1)中,球料比为1:1-2:1,球磨转数为200-400rpm,球磨时间为6-10h,烘干温度为100℃-120℃,烘干时间为2-4h,过筛目数为100-200目。
较佳地,步骤(2)中,浆料固含量为21-25vol%。
较佳地,球料比为1:1-2:1,球磨转数为200-400rpm,球磨时间为6-10h,置入旋转蒸发仪,烘干温度为50℃-70℃,旋转速度为15-25rpm,过筛目数为100-200目。
较佳地,步骤(1)和步骤(2)中,干压预成型压力为20-40MPa,冷等静压压力为250-300MPa,保压时间为3-6分钟。
较佳地,步骤(1)中,烧结温度为1350℃-1450℃,烧结时间为0.5-1.5h,热等静压后处理温度为1250℃-1350℃,处理时间为1-3h。
较佳地,步骤(2)中,烧结温度为1450℃-1550℃,烧结时间为1-2.5h,热等静压后处理温度为1350℃-1450℃,热等静压后处理时间为1-3h。
本发明与现有技术相比,其有益效果为:通过采用热等静压后处理的ZrO2作为内外环,采用热等静压后处理的ZrO2增强Al2O3作为球滚珠,能够实现软硬配对,有效减少摩擦损耗,同时由于没有较弱的第二相存在,轴承在酸性腐蚀环境中具有极佳的耐腐蚀性能。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中所得耐腐蚀、耐磨损轴承的光学图像。
图2为实施例4中所得ZrO2增强Al2O3球滚珠的抛光面形貌图。
图3为实施例5中所得ZrO2增强Al2O3球滚珠服役后的表面形貌图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。需要注意的是,本发明的内容并不限于这些具体的实施方式。在不背离本发明背景和精神的前提下,本领域技术人员在阅读本发明的内容的基础上可以进行等价替换和修改,其内容也包括在本发明要求保护的范围内。
本发明旨在提供一种以热等静压后处理的ZrO2陶瓷作为内外环(软相),以热等静压后处理的ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷作为球滚珠(硬相),以聚四氟乙烯作为保持架,以软硬结合的方式装配而成的耐腐蚀、耐磨损的全陶瓷轴承。
本发明以热等静压后处理的ZrO2陶瓷作为内外环,以热等静压后处理的ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷作为球滚珠,以聚四氟乙烯作为保持架,综合性能优良。其配对相比于无压烧结获得的ZrO2陶瓷和ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷的磨损率典型值具有大幅提高,即使在酸腐蚀性条件下具有极低的磨损率和优良的耐腐蚀性能。
本发明通过热等静压后处理,在较低的温度下实现完全致密化,得到的陶瓷材料晶粒较小,因而抗弯强度和维氏硬度等显著提高,从而其耐磨性非常出色;同时,本发明中采用氧化锆作为环,具有极高的强度和韧性,可以有效避免振动等对环造成的冲击。ZrO2环硬度比ZTA球低,能够有效降低磨损;本发明中没有无定型或较弱的晶界相,从而可以避免由于晶界相腐蚀所造成的破坏,具有很强的耐腐蚀性能,能够在腐蚀性环境中使用。
在一些实施方式中,所述ZrO2陶瓷的组成可为2-4wt%Y2O3和96-98wt%ZrO2。ZrO2在烧结温度范围内会发生四方相到单斜相的转变,导致开裂;通过加入Y2O3固溶进入ZrO2晶格可以抑制相转变,避免开裂。现有技术通常在氮化硅陶瓷中加入稀土氧化物主要是为了促进氮化硅陶瓷的液相烧结;而本发明中ZrO2中加入Y2O3主要是为了抑制ZrO2相转变,其采用的作用完全不同。上述组成获得的ZrO2陶瓷抗弯强度可为1413.6-1908.9MPa,断裂韧性可为10.3-14.6MPa·m1/2。
在一些实施方式中,所述ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷的组成为0.25-0.75wt%Cr2O3、15-25wt%ZrO2和74.25-84.75wt%Al2O3。Cr2O3与Al2O3形成固溶体,能够产生固溶强化效应,提高氧化铝的强度和硬度。ZrO2是一种强度和断裂韧性都极高的陶瓷材料,将其加入到Al2O3中能够显著改善Al2O3陶瓷的力学性能。上述组成获得的ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷抗弯强度为826.6-1059.8MPa,断裂韧性为6.3-8.6MPa·m1/2。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明采用的具体制备方法可包括如下步骤:
首先,将ZrO2和Y2O3粉体按照(96-98):(2-4)的质量比例添加酒精配置成一定固含量的浆料进行球磨,将球磨得到的浆料烘干、过筛后干压预成型,冷等静压成型,烧结,热等静压后处理,即得内外环用ZrO2陶瓷。一些实施方式中,内外环原料ZrO2和Y2O3粉体配制成的浆料固含量为19-23vol%。在具体实施方式中,球磨和烘干的工艺参数可为:球料比为1:1-2:1,球磨转数为200-400rpm,球磨时间为6-10h,烘干温度为100℃-120℃,烘干时间为2-4h,过筛目数为100-200目。
然后,将Al2O3,ZrO2和Cr2O3按照(74.25-84.75):(15-25):(0.25-0.75)的质量比例添加酒精配置成一定固含量的浆料进行球磨,将球磨得到的浆料烘干、过筛后干压预成型,冷等静压成型,烧结,热等静压后处理,即得球滚珠用ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷。一些实施方式中,球滚珠原料Al2O3,ZrO2和Cr2O3粉体配制成的浆料固含量为21-25vol%。在具体实施方式中,所述球料比为1:1-2:1,球磨转数为200-400rpm,球磨时间为8-10h,置入旋转蒸发仪,烘干温度为50℃-70℃,旋转速度为15-25rpm,过筛目数为100-200目。
要提高陶瓷材料的耐磨性,降低晶粒尺寸是必要的途径。晶粒尺寸降低后,陶瓷的强度和硬度都会得到显著提高,从而其耐磨性也得以提高。上述原料中,所述ZrO2粉体的粒径可为30-150nm,Al2O3粉体的粒径可为0.1-0.3μm。又,Y2O3粉体的粒径为2-4μm,Cr2O3粉体的粒径为1-3μm。
在上述内外环用ZrO2陶瓷和球滚珠用ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷的制备过程中,干压预成型压力可为20-40MPa,冷等静压压力可为250-300MPa,保压时间可为3-6分钟。
又,制备内外环用ZrO2陶瓷的烧结温度为1350℃-1450℃,烧结时间为0.5-1.5h,热等静压后处理温度为1250℃-1350℃,处理时间为1-3h。另外,制备球滚珠用ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷的烧结温度为1450℃-1550℃,烧结时间为1-2.5h,热等静压后处理温度为1350℃-1450℃,热等静压后处理时间为1-3h。
最后,将ZrO2陶瓷加工成P5级精度的内外环,将ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷加工成P5级精度的球滚珠,内外环、球滚珠与四氟乙烯保持架组合,即得耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
一种耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承及其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:称取96g ZrO2粉体,与4g Y2O3粉体混合,添加40.3g酒精作为溶剂,100gZrO2球为球磨介质,在200rpm下球磨10h,然后放入100℃恒温箱中烘4h,研磨,过100目筛;将所得粉体在20MPa压力下干压预成型后在250MPa压力下冷静压处理6分钟,将处理完的样品放置到马弗炉中,在1350℃烧结1.5h后,进行热等静压后处理,后处理温度为1350℃,时间为1h,即得所述抗弯强度为1437.2±23.6MPa,断裂韧性为10.41±0.11MPa·m1/2的ZrO2陶瓷;
步骤2:称取25g ZrO2粉体,74.25g Al2O3与0.75g Cr2O3粉体混合,添加64g酒精作为溶剂,200g Al2O3球为球磨介质,在200rpm下球磨10h,然后放入旋转蒸发仪中,旋转速度控制在25rpm,温度控制在50℃,烘干后研磨,过100目筛;将所得粉体在20MPa压力下干压预成型后在250MPa压力下冷静压处理4分钟,将处理完的样品放置到马弗炉中,在1450℃烧结2.5h后,进行热等静压后处理,后处理温度为1350℃,时间为3h,即得所述抗弯强度为873.1±38.5MPa,断裂韧性为6.96±0.18MPa·m1/2的ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷;
步骤3:将步骤1和步骤2中得到的ZrO2陶瓷和ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷分别加工成P5级精度的内外环和球滚珠,与聚四氟乙烯保持架装配在一起,即得耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承。该轴承在PH3.5,载荷15N,转速1000rpm下服役650小时后磨损率为0.02%。
对本实施方式得到的耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承进行光学图像观察,结果如图1所示,轴承装配紧凑,无明显缝隙,材料表面光滑,没明显崩口等缺陷。
实施例2
一种耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承及其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:称取96g ZrO2粉体,与4g Y2O3粉体混合,添加50.6g酒精作为溶剂,200gZrO2球为球磨介质,在400rpm下球磨6h,然后放入120℃恒温箱中烘2h,研磨,过100目筛;将所得粉体在40MPa压力下干压预成型后在300MPa压力下冷静压处理3分钟,将处理完的样品放置到马弗炉中,在1450℃烧结0.5h后,进行热等静压后处理,后处理温度为1250℃,时间为3h,即得所述抗弯强度为1683.9±25.2MPa,断裂韧性为13.12±0.23MPa·m1/2的ZrO2陶瓷;
步骤2:称取15g ZrO2粉体,84.75g Al2O3与0.25g Cr2O3粉体混合,添加81.5g酒精作为溶剂,100g Al2O3球为球磨介质,在400rpm下球磨8h,然后放入旋转蒸发仪中,旋转速度控制在15rpm,温度控制在70℃,烘干后研磨,过200目筛;将所得粉体在40MPa压力下干压预成型后在300MPa压力下冷静压处理5分钟,将处理完的样品放置到马弗炉中,在1550℃烧结1h后,进行热等静压后处理,后处理温度为1450℃,时间为1h,即得所述抗弯强度为918.9±39.7MPa,断裂韧性为7.30±0.21MPa·m1/2的ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷;
步骤3:将步骤1和步骤2中得到的ZrO2陶瓷和ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷分别加工成P5级精度的内外环和球滚珠,与聚四氟乙烯保持架装配在一起,即得耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承。该轴承在PH3.5,载荷25N,转速1000rpm下服役650小时后磨损率为0.03%。
实施例3
一种耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承及其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:称取98g ZrO2粉体,与2g Y2O3粉体混合,添加40.3g酒精作为溶剂,100gZrO2球为球磨介质,在200rpm下球磨8h,然后放入110℃恒温箱中烘3h,研磨,过200目筛;将所得粉体在40MPa压力下干压预成型后在300MPa压力下冷静压处理6分钟,将处理完的样品放置到马弗炉中,在1400℃烧结1h后,进行热等静压后处理,后处理温度为1300℃,时间为3h,即得所述抗弯强度为1556.4±34.4MPa,断裂韧性为11.36±0.27MPa·m1/2的ZrO2陶瓷;
步骤2:称取25g ZrO2粉体,74.5g Al2O3与0.5g Cr2O3粉体混合,添加64g酒精作为溶剂,200g Al2O3球为球磨介质,在400rpm下球磨10h,然后放入旋转蒸发仪中,旋转速度控制在15rpm,温度控制在65℃,过200目筛;将所得粉体在40MPa压力下干压预成型后在300MPa压力下冷静压处理4分钟,将处理完的样品放置到马弗炉中,在1550℃烧结1.5h后,进行热等静压后处理,后处理温度为1450℃,时间为1.5h,即得所述抗弯强度为965.4±45.3MPa,断裂韧性为7.83±0.25MPa·m1/2的ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷;
步骤3:将步骤1和步骤2中得到的ZrO2陶瓷和ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷加工成P5级精度的内外环和球滚珠,与聚四氟乙烯保持架装配在一起,即得耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承。该轴承在PH4.5,载荷30N,转速1500rpm下服役700小时后磨损率为0.03%。
实施例4
一种耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承及其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:称取98g ZrO2粉体,与2g Y2O3粉体混合,添加50.6g酒精作为溶剂,200gZrO2球为球磨介质,在400rpm下球磨8h,然后放入120℃恒温箱中烘2h,研磨,过100目筛;将所得粉体在20MPa压力下干压预成型后在250MPa压力下冷静压处理5分钟,将处理完的样品放置到马弗炉中,在1450℃烧结0.5h后,进行热等静压后处理,后处理温度为1300℃,时间为3h,即得所述抗弯强度为1728.1±17.9MPa,断裂韧性为13.58±0.29MPa·m1/2的ZrO2陶瓷;
步骤2:称取15g ZrO2粉体,84.5g Al2O3与0.5g Cr2O3粉体混合,添加81.5g酒精作为溶剂,100g Al2O3球为球磨介质,在200rpm下球磨8h,然后放入旋转蒸发仪中,旋转速度控制在20rpm,温度控制在55℃,过100目筛;将所得粉体在20MPa压力下干压预成型后在250MPa压力下冷静压处理5分钟,将处理完的样品放置到马弗炉中,在1450℃烧结2h后,进行热等静压后处理,后处理温度为1350℃,时间为2.5h,即得所述抗弯强度为849.2±22.6MPa,断裂韧性为6.62±0.32MPa·m1/2的ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷;
步骤3:将步骤1和步骤2中得到的ZrO2陶瓷和ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷分别加工成P5级精度的内外环和球滚珠,与聚四氟乙烯保持架装配在一起,即得耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承。该轴承在PH4,载荷25N,转速1500rpm下服役800小时后磨损率为0.02%。
对本实施方式得到的耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承进行ZrO2增强Al2O3球滚珠的抛光面形貌观察,结果如图2所示,陶瓷中没有明显孔洞,致密度较高,晶粒尺寸约为几十纳米,白色的ZrO2相和灰色的Al2O3相相间分布,弥散增强Al2O3陶瓷基体。
实施例5
一种耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承及其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:称取97g ZrO2粉体,与3g Y2O3粉体混合,添加45.8g酒精作为溶剂,200gZrO2球为球磨介质,在300rpm下球磨8h,然后放入110℃恒温箱中烘2h,研磨,过200目筛;将所得粉体30MPa压力下干压预成型后在280MPa压力下冷静压处理4分钟,将处理完的样品放置到马弗炉中,在1400℃烧结1.5h后,进行热等静压后处理,后处理温度为1350℃,时间为2h,即得所述抗弯强度为1870.6±38.3MPa,断裂韧性为14.42±0.18MPa·m1/2的ZrO2陶瓷;
步骤2:称取20g ZrO2粉体,79.5g Al2O3与0.5g Cr2O3粉体混合,添加75g酒精作为溶剂,200g Al2O3球为球磨介质,在300rpm下球磨10h,然后放入旋转蒸发仪中,旋转速度控制在20rpm,温度控制在60℃,过200目筛;将所得粉体在30MPa压力下干压预成型后在280MPa压力下冷静压处理5分钟,将处理完的样品放置到马弗炉中,在1500℃烧结2h后,进行热等静压后处理,后处理温度为1400℃,时间为2h,即得所述抗弯强度为1015.7±44.1MPa,断裂韧性为8.51±0.09MPa·m1/2的ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷;
步骤3:将步骤1和步骤2中得到的ZrO2陶瓷和ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷分别加工成P5级精度的内外环和球滚珠,与聚四氟乙烯保持架装配在一起,即得耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承。该轴承在PH 3,载荷30N,转速1500rpm下服役850小时后磨损率为0.01%。
对本实施方式得到的耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承进行ZrO2增强Al2O3球滚珠服役后的表面形貌观察,结果如图3所示,陶瓷中孔洞较少,说明该陶瓷轴承在酸性条件,高载荷,快速旋转条件下具有优良的耐腐蚀、耐磨损性能。
对比例1
步骤1:称取97g ZrO2粉体,与3g Y2O3粉体混合,添加45.8g酒精作为溶剂,200gZrO2球为球磨介质,在300rpm下球磨8h,然后放入110℃恒温箱中烘2h,研磨,过200目筛;将所得粉体30MPa压力下干压预成型后在280MPa压力下冷静压处理6分钟,将处理完的样品放置到马弗炉中,在1400℃烧结2h后,进行热等静压后处理,后处理温度为1350℃,时间为2h,即得所述抗弯强度为1870.6±38.3MPa,断裂韧性为14.42±0.18MPa·m1/2的ZrO2陶瓷;
步骤2:将步骤1中得到的ZrO2陶瓷加工成P5级精度的内外环和球滚珠,与聚四氟乙烯保持架装配在一起,即得全ZrO2陶瓷轴承。该轴承在PH 3,载荷30N,转速1500rpm下服役850小时后磨损率为0.21%。
对比例2
步骤1:称取20g ZrO2粉体,79.5g Al2O3与0.5g Cr2O3粉体混合,添加75g酒精作为溶剂,200g Al2O3球为球磨介质,在300rpm下球磨10h,然后放入旋转蒸发仪中,旋转速度控制在20rpm,温度控制在60℃,过200目筛;将所得粉体在30MPa压力下干压预成型后在280MPa压力下冷静压处理6分钟,将处理完的样品放置到马弗炉中,在1500℃烧结2h后,进行热等静压后处理,后处理温度为1400℃,时间为2h,即得所述抗弯强度为1015.7±44.1MPa,断裂韧性为8.51±0.09MPa·m1/2的ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷;
步骤2:将步骤1中得到的ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷加工成P5级精度的内外环和球滚珠,与聚四氟乙烯保持架装配在一起,即得ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷陶瓷轴承。该轴承在PH3,载荷30N,转速1500rpm下服役850小时后磨损率为0.18%。
从上述7个案例可以看出,本发明通过采用热等静压后处理的ZrO2陶瓷作为内外环,采用热等静压后处理的ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷作为球滚珠,可以获得耐腐蚀性能优良、磨损率极低的陶瓷轴承。
最后有必要说明的是:以上实施例只用于对本发明的技术方案作进一步详细说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域的技术人员根据本发明的上述内容作出的一些非本质的改进和调整均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承,其特征在于,所述耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承包括外环、内环、球滚珠、保持架;所述球滚珠在外环与内环之间设置;外环和内环由热等静压ZrO2陶瓷制成,所述ZrO2陶瓷的组成为2-4wt% Y2O3和96-98wt% ZrO2,抗弯强度为1413.6-1908.9 MPa,断裂韧性为10.3-14.6 MPa·m1/2;球滚珠是由热等静压ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷制成;所述ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷的组成为0.25-0.75 wt% Cr2O3、15-25 wt% ZrO2和74.25-84.75wt% Al2O3,抗弯强度为826.6-1059.8 MPa,断裂韧性为6.3-8.6 MPa·m1/2;保持架在球滚珠的四周,部分地包裹球滚珠,保持架由聚四氟乙烯制成;
所述陶瓷轴承在PH为3-4.5的酸腐蚀性环境下,载荷为10-30N,转速为1000-1500 r/min,服役时间为650-850 h时,磨损率为0.01-0.04 wt%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将ZrO2粉体和Y2O3粉体按照(96-98):(2-4)的质量比例添加酒精配置成浆料进行球磨,将球磨得到的浆料烘干、过筛后干压预成型,冷等静压成型,烧结,热等静压后处理,获得ZrO2陶瓷;
(2)将Al2O3粉体、ZrO2粉体和Cr2O3粉体按照(74.25-84.75):(15-25):(0.25-0.75)的质量比例添加酒精配置成浆料进行球磨,将球磨得到的浆料烘干、过筛后干压预成型,冷等静压成型,烧结,热等静压后处理,获得ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷;
(3)将ZrO2陶瓷加工成P5级精度的内外环,将ZrO2增强Al2O3陶瓷加工成P5级精度的球滚珠,内外环、球滚珠与四氟乙烯保持架组合,即得耐腐蚀、耐磨损的陶瓷轴承。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述ZrO2粉体的粒径为30-150 nm,Al2O3粉体的粒径为0.1-0.3μm,Y2O3粉体的粒径为2-4 μm,Cr2O3粉体的粒径为1-3 μm。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,浆料固含量为19-23vol%。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,浆料固含量为21-25vol%。
6.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)和步骤(2)中,干压预成型压力为20-40MPa,冷等静压压力为250-300MPa,保压时间为3-6分钟。
7.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,烧结温度为1350℃-1450℃,烧结时间为0.5-1.5h,热等静压后处理温度为1250℃-1350℃,处理时间为1-3h。
8.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,烧结温度为1450℃-1550℃,烧结时间为1-2.5h,热等静压后处理温度为1350℃-1450℃,热等静压后处理时间为1-3h。
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