CN110981786A - 2-芳乙烯基-环胺衍生物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
2-芳乙烯基-环胺衍生物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D211/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with radicals containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with radicals containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D211/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/09—Geometrical isomers
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,尤其涉及2-芳乙烯基-环胺衍生物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
毒蕈碱受体(M受体)是人体内一种重要的胆碱受体,广泛分布于中枢和外周神经系统、心肌、平滑肌及腺体等组织中,参与机体多种重要生理过程。M受体可分为五种亚型,M1-M5,且各亚型所起的生理作用不同,所以M受体拮抗剂对不同亚型的活性和选择性决定了其可能的药效和副作用。例如,作为M3受体拮抗剂的索非那新(Solifenacin)对膀胱M3受体具有高亲和力,能选择性地抑制节律性膀胱收缩而不影响唾液分泌,从而避免了常见的口干副作用。曲司氯铵(Trospium Chloride)能竞争性地与胆碱能神经末梢M1、M2、M3受体结合并抑制乙酰胆碱对人体膀胱平滑肌的收缩,解除痉挛,增加膀胱容量,从而达到治疗小便失禁的目的。
分布于胆碱能神经节以及外周小气道平滑肌和黏膜下腺体中的M1受体,能够调节神经节内神经冲动转换和气道内胆碱能神经反应;分布于副交感神经节的M1受体主要促进神经传导,增强胆碱能反射;分布于黏膜下腺体的M1受体可能增强腺体的黏液分泌。开发选择性的M1受体拮抗剂可能对帕金森症等疾病的药物开发具有重要意义。
芳乙烯基有机胺衍生物是一类重要的药物合成中间体,同时它本身也具有多种药理活性。Brit.J.Pharmacol.1951,6,560曾报道了一系列具有二芳基烯丙基胺结构的化合物具有明显的抗组胺、解痉挛和麻醉活性。然而,关于芳乙烯基环胺衍生物的报道却很少。J. Org. Chem.1998, 63(10), 3438曾报道了化合物2-(E)-对甲基苯乙烯基-1-甲基哌啶的合成方法;Organic Chemistry Frontiers 2017, 4(3), 431也报道了两种类似环胺衍生物的合成方法。尽管多种类似的化合物被报道,但未有关于它们生物靶点活性方面的研究报道。
发明内容
针对以上不足,本发明的第一个目的是提供一种具有对M1受体选择性拮抗作用的2-芳乙烯基-环胺衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、水合物或晶型,其通式如I所示:
其中,
R1为取代或未取代的-C1-10烷基;
Ar任选自被一个或多个取代基取代的苯基,或取代或未取代的萘基;
n为1-5之间的整数;
优选的,R1为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、苄基、2-苯氧乙基或3-苯氧丙基;
优选地,Ar任选自被一个或多个取代基取代的苯基,如通式G-1所示:
其中,R2独立地为-CF3、-CN、卤素、-C1-10烷基、-C1-10烷氧基、-CO-C1-10酰基或-CO-Ar’芳酰基;其中,Ar’是任选地被一个或多个取代基取代的苯基,其取代基独立地选自-CF3、-CN、卤素、硝基、C1-10烷基;p独立地为0、1、2、3、4或5。
进一步地,R2任选自-CF3、-CN、-F、-Cl、-Br、-I、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基;p为0、1、2或3。
优选的,Ar任选自取代或未取代的萘基,如通式G-2所示:
其中,R2与前述定义相同;q独立地为0至7之间的整数。
优选的,n独立地为2或3。
进一步地,所述2-芳乙烯基-环胺衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐,包括:
进一步地,所述的2-芳乙烯基-环胺衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐,包含所述环胺衍生物的水合物、溶剂化物和各种晶体;与各种药学上允许的酸成的盐;当化合物是双键E/Z式异构体形式时,包括E/Z式异构体混合物和每一种E、Z式异构体单体;当化合物是对映异构体形式时,包括对映异构体混合物和每个对映异构体单体。
本发明的另一个目的是提出一种2-芳乙烯基-环胺衍生物的制备方法,合成通式如下:
其中,R1、Ar、n与上述定义相同。
反应条件:将1.0当量的芳基烯溴化合物1溶解于1-10mL的氮杂环化合物2中,往溶液中加入0.1-1.0当量的氯化锰,室温搅拌下加入1.0-6.0当量的二甲基锌溶液(例如,正己烷、正庚烷或甲苯作溶剂),继续搅拌10分钟后,升温至50-90℃反应。通过TLC或液质方法监测反应,原料1消耗完后,停止反应,冷至室温,加水淬灭,用有机溶剂萃取(如,乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、氯仿等)多次,合并有机相,干燥后减压除去溶剂,所得粗产物经硅胶柱分离(用石油醚、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、甲醇等溶剂梯度洗脱),得目标产物I,包括顺/反式异构体及其混合物;经手性分离,可得其相应的对映异构体单体。
本发明的第三个目的是提出一种2-芳乙烯基-环胺衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐,与任何药学上可接受的辅料所组成的药物组合物。
本发明的第四个目的是提出一种2-芳乙烯基-环胺衍生物、或其与任何药学上可接受的辅料所组成的药物组合物,在治疗由M受体,尤其是M1受体,介导的疾病,例如,镇痛、解痉、解救有机磷中毒、帕金森症等疾病中的应用。
进一步地,所述药物组合物可用于与M受体,尤其是M1受体,介导相关的疾病的治疗,尤其是镇痛、解痉、解救有机磷中毒、帕金森症等疾病。
与现有技术相比,(1)本发明提供了一种结构新颖的2-芳乙烯基-环胺衍生物I,生物活性测试表明,这类化合物具有选择性拮抗M1受体活性;这类化合物能够作为药物活性成分,被用于治疗由M受体,尤其是M1受体,介导的疾病,例如,镇痛、解痉、解救有机磷中毒、帕金森症等。
(2)提供了一种简单、高效的合成2-芳乙烯基-环胺衍生物的方法,利用β-二芳基烯溴1与环状叔胺2反应,即可得到2-芳乙烯基-环胺衍生物。
(3)提供了一种2-芳乙烯基-环胺衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐,与任何药学上可接受的辅料所组成的药物组合物的应用。
在本发明中,术语“芳乙烯基”是指一端被一个芳香基团取代的乙烯基。
术语“C1-10烷基”本身或作为其它基团的一部分,是指具有1到10个碳原子的直链或支链脂肪族碳氢化合物基团。
术语“C1-10烷氧基”表示具有1到10个碳原子,通过氧原子键连的直链或支链烷基C1-10。如,甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基,及其异构体。
术语“卤素”表示-F、-Cl、-Br和-I。
附图说明
图1:本发明衍生物通式I的结构通式图;
图2:本发明衍生物制备方法反应路线图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将对本发明的技术方案作进一步地说明。
所有化合物的1H-NMR光谱在Brucker AVANCE III 400MHz仪器上采集,所得光谱以四乙基硅烷(TMS)为内标。
液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)分析在Waters Alliance e2695-ZQ 2000系统上进行,报道m/z值。
除非注明,所有溶剂都是直接使用。所有的混合溶剂的比例指的是体积之比(v/v)。所有的温度都是摄氏度(℃)。
下列非限制性实例和活性实验将进一步阐述本发明,没有专门标明的话,化合物均为E/Z异构体的混合物或对映异构体混合物。
实施例1
2-[(E)-4-氟-苯乙烯基]-1-甲基哌啶(I-1)的合成
(1)2-(4-氟-苯基)-1-溴乙烯的合成
称取4-氟-肉桂酸(0.664g,4mmol)溶解在20ml乙腈中,加入乙酸锰(0.196g,0.8mmol),缓慢加入N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(0.748g,4.2mmol),在室温下反应3小时后TLC检测反应完全,加水淬灭,二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,饱和食盐水干燥,无水硫酸钠干燥后柱层析提纯,得淡黄色油状物产物0.184g,收率91.1%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ:7.31-7.28(m,2H),7.11-7.06(m,2H),7.04(d,J=14.0Hz,1H),6.73(d,J=14.0Hz,1H).
(2)2-[(E)-4-氟-苯乙烯基]-1-甲基哌啶(I-1)的合成
称取2-(4-氟-苯基)-1-溴乙烯(0.4g,2.0mmol),无水氯化锰(25.2mg,0.2mmol)溶于12ml 1-甲基吡咯烷中,室温搅拌,并加入二甲基锌8ml(1M in Hexane),出现大量浑浊。升温到80℃反应,24h后TLC检测,反应完全。加NaOH溶液淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取,无水Na2SO4干燥,柱层析纯化,得淡黄色油状产物0.31g,收率71.2%。MS(m/z):220.2[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ:7.26-7.20(m,2H),6.93-6.88(m,2H),6.39(dt,J=2.4,16Hz,1H),6.02-5.96(m,1H),2.87-2.85(m,1H),2.42-2.38(m,1H),2.16(s,3H),1.99-1.95(m,1H),1.71-1.68(m,1H),1.57-1.53(m,3H),1.44-1.41(m,1H),1.26-1.23(m,1H).
实施例2
2-[(E)-4-氯-苯乙烯基]-1-甲基哌啶(I-2)的合成
(1)2-(4-氯-苯基)-1-溴乙烯的合成
按实例1中1.1所示合成方法,以4-氯-肉桂酸和N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺为反应底物,可得淡黄色油状物产物,收率90.2%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ:7.31(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.23(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.07(d,J=14.0Hz,1H),6.78(d,J=13.6Hz,1H).
(2)2-[(E)-4-氯-苯乙烯基]-1-甲基哌啶(I-2)的合成
按实例1中1.2所示合成方法,以2-(4-氯-苯基)-1-溴乙烯和1-甲基哌啶为原料,可得黄色油状物产物,收率69.3%。MS(m/z):236.1[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ:7.30-7.27(m,4H),7.48(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),6.18(dd,J=8.8,16.0Hz,1H),2.97-2.94(m,1H),2.53-2.48(m,1H),2.26(s,3H),2.10(td,J=3.6,11.6Hz,1H),1.81-1.78(m,1H),1.68-1.63(m,3H),1.56-1.47(m,1H),1.39-1.29(m,1H).
实施例3
2-[(E)-4-氯-苯乙烯基]-1-甲基哌啶(I-3)的合成
(1)2-(4-溴-苯基)-1-溴乙烯的合成
按实例1中1.1所示合成方法,以4-溴-肉桂酸为原料,可得淡黄色油状物产物,收率82.3%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ:7.48(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.20(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.09(d,J=14.0Hz,1H),6.83(d,J=14.0Hz,1H).
(2)2-[(E)-4-溴-苯乙烯基]-1-甲基哌啶(I-3)的合成
按实例1中1.3所示合成方法,以2-[4-溴-苯基]-1-溴乙烯和1-甲基哌啶为原料,可得黄色油状物产物,收率65.2%。MS(m/z):280.1[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ:7.45(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.25(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),6.46(d,J=16Hz,1H),6.19(dd,J=8.8,16Hz,1H),2.96-2.94(m,1H),2.52-2.48(m,1H),2.25(s,3H),2.09-2.06(m,1H),1.81-1.78(m,1H),1.68-1.64(m,3H),1.56-1.48(m,1H),1.38-1.31(m,1H)。
实施例4
2-[(E)-1-萘乙烯基]-1-甲基哌啶(I-4)的合成
(1)2-(1-萘基)-1-溴乙烯的合成
按实例1中1.1所示合成方法,以1-萘基-肉桂酸和N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺为原料,可得淡黄色油状物产物,收率78.2%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ:8.14-8.12(m,1H),7.88-7.86(m,1H),7.80(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.64-7.62(m,1H),7.54-7.50(m,3H),7.49-7.46(m,1H),6.27(dd,J=8.8,15.6Hz,1H)。
(2)2-[(E)-1-萘乙烯基]-1-甲基哌啶(I-4)的合成
按实例1中1.3所示合成方法,以2-[1-萘基]-1-溴乙烯和1-甲基哌啶为原料,可得黄色油状物产物,收率68.3%。MS(m/z):252.2[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ:8.14-8.12(m,1H),7.88-7.86(m,1H),7.80(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.64-7.62(m,1H),7.55-7.50(m,3H),7.49-7.45(m,1H),6.26(dd,J=8.8,15.6Hz,1H),3.03-3.00(m,1H),2.73-2.68(m,1H),2.38(s,3H),2.18-2.12(m,1H),1.86-1.80(m,2H),1.74-1.72(m,2H),1.65-1.58(m,1H),1.46-1.35(m,1H)。
实施例5:
本发明中涉及化合物对胆碱能受体的拮抗活性,尤其是毒蕈碱型受体,主要通过细胞水平的动态质量重置(DMR)检测方法评估的。所有的检测都是在Epic平台开展的,其中毒蕈碱受体M1的靶点模型为稳转M1受体的CHO-K1细胞模型,M3的靶点模型为内源性高表达M3受体的HT-29细胞模型,选择的探针分子为乙酰胆碱。探针分子乙酰胆碱是使用水溶解,而其他所有化合物都溶解在DMSO中。
活性试验1:应用稳定转染M1受体的CHO-K1细胞模型,在体外初步评价本发明部分化合物对毒蕈碱受体M1亚型的拮抗作用。
实验方案1:首先将处于对数生长期CHO-K1-M1细胞以15,000个/孔的密度接种在生物兼容的384孔板中,每孔的接种体积为40μL,将接种好的细胞板置于细胞培养箱中培养12h,至细胞生长融合度达95%左右,进行活性测定实验。将培养好的细胞,吸去培养基,加入检测指定的缓冲盐,每孔加入体积为30μL,平衡1h;等基线平稳后,建立2-min的基线,加入不同浓度的待测化合物,检测1h;待测化合物对细胞预处理1h后,重新建立2-min的基线,加入浓度为1μM的乙酰胆碱,检测1h。如果化合物本身不产生DMR信号而降低乙酰胆碱的DMR响应信号且呈剂量依赖性,则说明化合物对该受体具有拮抗作用。计算IC50值采用的时间点为DMR响应信号最大处(5min)。
实验结果1:通过活性检测,发现本发明中测试化合物本身的DMR响应信号几乎为零,能够剂量依赖的拮抗乙酰胆碱的DMR响应信号且剂量曲线呈“S”型,表明本发明中测试的化合物都对毒蕈碱M1受体亚型具有拮抗作用。测试化合物对应的IC50值见表1。
活性试验2:应用内源性高表达M3受体的HT-29细胞模型,在体外初步评价本发明部分化合物对毒蕈碱受体M3亚型的拮抗作用。
实验方案2:首先将处于对数生长期HT-29细胞以32,000个/孔的密度接种在生物兼容的384孔板中,每孔的接种体积为40μL,将接种好的细胞板置于细胞培养箱中培养20h,至细胞生长融合度达95%左右,进行活性测定实验。将培养好的细胞,吸去培养基,加入检测指定的缓冲盐,每孔加入体积为30μL,平衡1h;等基线平稳后,建立2-min的基线,加入不同浓度的待测化合物,检测1h;待测化合物对细胞预处理1h后,重新建立2-min的基线,加入浓度为16μM的乙酰胆碱,检测1h。如果化合物本身不产生DMR信号而降低乙酰胆碱的DMR响应信号且呈剂量依赖性,则说明化合物对该受体具有拮抗作用。计算IC50值采用的时间点为DMR响应信号最大处(30min)。
实验结果2:通过活性检测,发现本发明中测试化合物对毒蕈碱M3受体亚型没有拮抗作用。
根据化合物的结构及表1中的IC50值,发现这类化合物在M1受体具有以下构效规律:
与2-苯乙烯基-1-甲基哌啶相比,当苯基对位被卤代后,M1受体拮抗活性普遍增强。当取代基换为F时,化合物I-1的IC50=9.3μM,当取代基为Cl时,I-7的IC50=4.9μM,当取代基为Br时,I-8的IC50=1.8μM。也就是说,随着卤素原子分子量的逐渐增大,其对M1受体的拮抗活性增强。但是,当芳香环换为1-萘基时,活性下降为41.1μM。
表1.本发明中涉及化合物对M1受体的拮抗活性(IC50)。
上述仅为本发明专利的优选实施例,并不对本发明专利起到任何限制作用。任何所属技术领域的技术人员,在不脱离本发明专利的技术方案的范围内,对本发明专利揭露的技术方案和技术内容做任何形式的等同替换或修改等变动,均属未脱离本发明专利的技术方案的内容,仍属于本发明专利的保护范围之内。
Claims (12)
2.根据权利要求1所述一种2-芳乙烯基-环胺衍生物,其特征在于,R1为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、苄基、2-苯氧乙基或3-苯氧丙基。
4.根据权利要求3所述一种2-芳乙烯基-环胺衍生物,其特征在于,R2为-CF3、-CN、-F、-Cl、-Br、-I、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基;p为0、1、2或3。
6.根据权利要求5所述一种2-芳乙烯基-环胺衍生物,其特征在于,R2为-CF3、-CN、-F、-Cl、-Br、-I、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基;q为0、1、2或3。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种2-芳乙烯基-环胺衍生物,其特征在于,n为2或3。
9.根据权利要求1所述一种2-芳乙烯基-环胺衍生物,其特征在于,所述的2-芳乙烯基-环胺衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐,包含所述环胺衍生物的水合物、溶剂化物和各种晶体;与各种药学上允许的酸成的盐;当化合物是双键E/Z式异构体形式时,包括E/Z式异构体混合物和每一种E、Z式异构体单体;当化合物是对映异构体形式时,包括对映异构体混合物和每个对映异构体单体。
10.一种权利要求1-9任一所述的2-芳乙烯基-环胺衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,合成通式如下:
其中,R1、Ar、n与上述权利要求1-9定义相同;
反应条件:将1.0当量的芳基烯溴化合物1溶解于1-10mL的氮杂环化合物2中,往溶液中加入0.1-1.0当量的氯化锰,室温搅拌下加入1.0-6.0当量的二甲基锌溶液,用正己烷、正庚烷或甲苯作溶剂,继续搅拌10分钟后,升温至50-90℃反应;通过TLC或液质方法监测反应,原料1消耗完后,停止反应,冷至室温,加水淬灭,用乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷或氯仿萃取多次,合并有机相,干燥后减压除去溶剂,所得粗产物经硅胶柱分离,得目标产物I,包括顺/反式异构体及其混合物;经手性分离,可得其相应的对映异构体单体。
11.一种权利要求1-9任一所述的2-芳乙烯基-环胺衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐,与任何药学上可接受的辅料所组成的药物组合物。
12.一种权利要求1-9任一所述的2-芳乙烯基-环胺衍生物,或权利要求11所述的药物组合物,在治疗由M1受体介导的疾病中的应用。
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