CN110973372B - Pregnant sow feed for reducing stereotypy and stillbirth rate of sows - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock and poultry breeding, and particularly relates to a pregnant sow feed for reducing stereotypy and stillbirth rate of sows. The pregnant sow feed for reducing stereotypy and stillbirth rate of sows comprises the following components: corn, bean pulp, bean curd skin, wheat aleurone layer powder, stone powder, calcium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, 70 lysine, choline chloride, baking soda, mildew removing agent and premix; wherein the content of the wheat aleurone layer powder is 15 wt%. The pregnant sow feed can promote satiety of sows, reduce stereotypy of sows, relieve stress level of sows and improve reproductive performance, and has good economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock and poultry breeding, and particularly relates to a pregnant sow feed for reducing stereotypy and stillbirth rate of sows.
Background
China is the country with the largest number of live pigs in the world and accounts for more than half of the number of live pigs in the world. Although China is a big pig-raising country, China is one of the countries with the lowest pig-raising efficiency in the world. The annual Productivity (PSY) of the sows is a core index for measuring the breeding efficiency of the sows and the production level of a pig farm. According to statistics, the average PSY level of domestic sows is 14-25, while the average PSY level of developed pigs in the United states, Denmark, Ireland and other countries reaches 30 or even higher. Therefore, improving the breeding efficiency of sows is one of the important ways to effectively improve the pig raising efficiency.
In the actual breeding production process, limited breeding is often adopted during the gestation period of the sows to limit the energy intake during the gestation period, so that the phenomenon that the fat deposition of the sows is too much to be beneficial to the breeding efficiency is avoided. However, the feeding of the sows is limited, the feed intake of the sows accounts for 0.4-0.6 of the random feed intake, the pregnant sows are often in hunger or half hunger state, the satiety is not satisfied, and stereotypy behaviors frequently occur. The stereotypy behavior is frequent, so that the aggressiveness and the food competition phenomenon during the group feeding period are increased, the health and the welfare of the sows are seriously influenced, and the birth weight and the survival rate of piglets are reduced. In addition, the perinatal period sows are constipation, poor appetite affects the feeding and lactation amount of the lactation period sows, the litter weight and the individual weight of piglets are reduced, and the reproductive performance of the sows is reduced.
In conclusion, the feeding mode of 'low pregnancy and high lactation' is realized so as to ensure the optimal breeding efficiency of breeding sows. The daily ration fiber with low energy value and unique physicochemical property is an ideal choice for controlling the insufficient satiety brought by the limited feeding of pregnant sows. However, the influence of different sources and levels of dietary fiber on sow stereotypy, satiety and reproductive performance is not the same. The method has important practical significance for screening and determining the appropriate level of daily ration fiber to promote the satiety of the sow, reduce stereotype behaviors and improve reproductive performance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide the pregnant sow feed for reducing the stereotypy and the stillbirth rate of sows, wherein the feed contains a wheat aleurone layer with dietary fiber of 37.3 percent and neutral detergent fiber of 26.3 percent.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the pregnant sow feed for reducing the stereotypy and the stillbirth rate of the sows.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide the use of the above-mentioned pregnant sow feed for reducing stereotypy and stillbirth rate of sows.
The fourth purpose of the invention is to provide a feeding method for pregnant sows.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a pregnant sow feed for reducing stereotypy and stillbirth rate of sows comprises the following components: corn, bean pulp, bean curd skin, wheat aleurone layer powder, stone powder, calcium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, 70 lysine, choline chloride, baking soda, mildew removing agent and premix; wherein the content of the wheat aleurone layer powder is 15 wt%;
the pregnant sow feed for reducing stereotypy and stillbirth rate of the sows preferably comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
wherein, the premix preferably comprises the following components: iron, zinc, manganese, copper, selenium, iodine, cobalt, vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin C, nicotinic acid, riboflavin, pyridoxine, vitamin K3, folic acid, thiamine;
the premix in 1kg of a full ration preferably comprises the following components:
145 mg of iron, 75 mg of zinc, 50 mg of manganese, 10.0 mg of copper, 0.30 mg of selenium, 0.25 mg of iodine, 0.1 mg of cobalt, 7500IU of vitamin A and D of vitamin34992IU, vitamin E215.5 mg, vitamin C200 mg, nicotinic acid 50 mg, riboflavin 22 mg, pyridoxine 8.5 mg, vitamin K35.1 mg, folic acid 4.5 mg, thiamine 3.7 mg;
the preparation method of the pregnant sow feed for reducing stereotypy and stillbirth rate of the sows comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing all components of the pregnant sow feed for reducing the stereotypy behavior and the stillbirth rate of the sows to obtain the pregnant sow feed for reducing the stereotypy behavior and the stillbirth rate of the sows;
a feeding method for pregnant sows comprises the following steps:
(1) the daily feed intake of each sow is 2.0Kg 0-30 days after the hybridization;
(2) the daily feed intake of each sow is 2.4Kg 31-85 days after the hybridization;
(3) after the breeding, the daily feed intake of each sow is 2.8Kg after 86-95 days;
(4) after the hybridization, the sow is delivered for 96 days, and the daily feed intake of each sow is 3.4 Kg;
the feed is the pregnant sow feed for reducing stereotypy and stillbirth rate of sows;
the sow is preferably a growing binary miscellaneous sow;
in the actual breeding production process in the prior art, the energy intake of sows in the gestation period is limited by adopting restricted breeding, so that the condition that the fat deposition of sows is too much to be beneficial to the breeding efficiency is prevented. But the pregnant sow cannot meet the satiety due to limited feeding, so that the welfare and reproductive performance of the sow are influenced, and the daily ration fiber is an ideal nutrition regulation and control mode for the pregnant sow. The invention researches the influence of the wheat aleurone layer powder added to pregnant diets at different levels on satiety, stereotypy behavior and reproductive performance of sows, and provides data support and theoretical guidance for selecting and using appropriate levels of dietary fiber to improve reproductive performance in actual production.
The invention researches the influence of adding different levels of wheat aleurone layer powder on satiety, stress level and reproductive performance of pregnant sows. 84 multiparous big and large binary miscellaneous sows with close body conditions and good health conditions are selected and randomly divided into three groups, each group has 28 repetitions, and each repetition has 1 sow. Basal diet (control group), daily ration containing 15 wt% of wheat aleurone layer powder and daily ration containing 30 wt% of wheat aleurone layer powder were fed separately during the period from mating to delivery room. The energy of the daily ration is consistent with the nutrition level of the crude protein, and the neutral detergent fiber and the total daily ration fiber level are increased due to the increase of the wheat aleurone layer powder. The test period is from mating to parturition. Collecting blood of a sow before meal and 2 hours after feeding in the early morning of 70 th of pregnancy to analyze satiety hormone indexes, collecting blood of the sow before meal and saliva in the early morning of 70 th of pregnancy to analyze cortisol indexes, recording satiety behaviors of the sow and counting 2 hours after feeding in the early morning of 72-74 th of pregnancy, and collecting blood of the sow before meal of 109 th of pregnancy to analyze oxidative stress indexes. The results are as follows:
(1) compared with a control group, the 15 wt% wheat aleurone layer powder group remarkably increases the levels of peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1) in sow serum, remarkably reduces the sitting proportion (P is less than or equal to 0.05) of sows, increases the lying proportion of sows of the wheat aleurone layer powder group by 1.5% although the proportion occupied by other ethology is not remarkably different, and reduces the air interface chewing proportion and the body position conversion frequency by 86% and 54% respectively.
(2) The 15 wt% wheat aleurone group significantly reduced the concentration of salivary cortisol (P <0.05) in sows at 70 days of gestation relative to the control group. Although the addition of 15 wt% and 30 wt% wheat aleurone to the diet had no significant effect on Malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the serum of the sows at 109 days of gestation, the 15 wt% wheat aleurone group significantly increased Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (P ≦ 0.05) relative to the control group.
(3) The 15 wt% wheat aleurone group significantly reduced the stillbirth rate and stillbirth number of sows.
In conclusion, the wheat aleurone layer powder with the content of 15 wt% is added to the daily ration of the sows in the gestation period, so that satiety of the pregnant sows is promoted, incidence rate of stereotypy behaviors is reduced, stress state of the sows is relieved, and stillbirth rate of the sows is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
(1) the pregnant sow feed (containing 15 wt% of wheat aleurone layer powder) for reducing the stereotypy behavior and the stillbirth rate of the sows, provided by the invention, has good economic benefits: compared with a control group, the cost of producing live piglets of the sows fed with the pregnant sow feed for reducing the stereotypy behavior and the stillbirth rate of the sows is reduced by 4.8 yuan/head, and the cost of producing healthy piglets is reduced by 2.8 yuan/head.
(2) Compared with a control group, the pregnant sow feed for reducing the stereotypy and the stillbirth rate of the sow provided by the invention obviously increases the levels of satiety hormones PYY and GLP-1 in the serum of the sow, reduces the stereotypy of the sow, obviously reduces the salivary cortisol concentration of the sow, obviously improves the total antioxidant capacity of the sow, obviously reduces the stillbirth rate of a newborn piglet and improves the reproductive performance of the sow.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the analysis of the effect of different levels of wheat aleurone layer meal added to pregnant diets on the stillbirth rate of sows; the dead fetus rate is checked by a chi-square method; having different superscripts (a, B) indicates that the difference is very significant (P < 0.01).
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the analysis of the results of the effect of adding different levels of aleurone layer powder to the concentration of PYY and GLP-1 in serum of a sow two hours before and after a meal during pregnancy; all data are expressed as mean ± sem, n-8; the linear (L) and secondary (Q) effects of the influence of adding different levels of wheat aleurone layer powder to the concentrations of serum PYY and GLP-1 of sows at two hours before and after meals in the gestation period are compared, and the effect is obvious in difference (P is less than 0.05) represented by different superscripts (a, b).
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of analysis of the effect of different levels of aleurone powder added during gestation on plasma and salivary cortisol hormone of sows at day 70 of gestation; all data are expressed as mean ± sem, n-8; the linear (L) and secondary (Q) effects of the effect of adding different levels of wheat aleurone layer powder on the plasma of the sows and salivary cortisol hormone at 70 days of gestation are compared, and different superscripts (a, b) show that the difference is significant (P < 0.05).
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the analysis of the effect of different levels of aleurone powder added during pregnancy on the level of oxidative stress of the serum of a sow at day 109 during pregnancy; all data are expressed as mean ± sem, n-8; the linear (L) and secondary (Q) effects of the influence of adding different levels of wheat aleurone layer powder on the serum oxidative stress level of the sow in the 109 th day of pregnancy are compared, and different superscripts (a, b) show that the difference is obvious (P is less than 0.05).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.
Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and materials used in the present invention are commercially available, wherein the wheat aleurone flour is available from Mizhongbao food science and technology, Inc., Maanshan wheat.
The premix in 1kg of the full ration in the examples preferably comprises the following components:
145 mg of iron, 75 mg of zinc, 50 mg of manganese, 10.0 mg of copper, 0.30 mg of selenium, 0.25 mg of iodine, 0.1 mg of cobalt, 7500IU of vitamin A and vitamin D34992IU, vitamin E215.5 mg, vitamin C200 mg, nicotinic acid 50 mg, riboflavin 22 mg, pyridoxine 8.5 mg, vitamin K35.1 mg, folic acid 4.5 mg, thiamine 3.7 mg.
Example 1 sow pregnancy feed formula
In practice, a limited feeding mode is usually adopted to ensure the best fecundity of the breeding sows. However, the satiety of the sows in the gestation period cannot be met due to excessive feeding limitation, and stereotype behaviors are frequent, so that the stress level of the sows is increased and the reproductive performance of the sows is reduced. The daily ration fiber is plant polysaccharide which can not be digested and absorbed by digestive tract and can only be fermented by intestinal microorganisms, and has important nutrition and health care functions. In the aspect of sow nutrition, daily ration fiber can be added in the gestation period, so that the satiety of the sow is improved, the stereotypy of the sow is reduced, the oxidative stress of the sow is relieved, and the breeding efficiency of the sow is improved. It is worth noting that the sources and the levels of the daily ration fibers added in the gestation period of the sows are different, and the effects are also different. Therefore, the pregnant sow with the dietary fiber at a proper level is a more ideal nutrition regulation and control mode. The aleurone layer of wheat, also known as the endosperm, is the innermost cell of the wheat grain cortex and is a concentrated layer of many minerals, vitamins and bioactive phytochemicals (such as ferulic acid, phenolic acid and alkylresorcinol). The wheat aleurone layer consists of a layer of approximately square sclerenchyma cells and accounts for 7-9% of the total mass of the wheat grains. During the milling process, the aleurone layer of wheat is usually peeled off as bran (about 40% of the bran) tightly adhered to the outer shell. 70% of the nutrients in wheat are concentrated in the aleurone layer, which is the essence of wheat and is also called soft gold in wheat. The dietary fiber content in the wheat aleurone layer is as high as 37.3%, the carbohydrate content is 32.2%, and the pentosan content is as high as 20.2%, so that the wheat aleurone layer can be used as a good source of daily ration fiber. Therefore, the wheat aleurone layer powder with different levels is added into the daily ration of the pregnant sow to explore the influence of the wheat aleurone layer powder on the satiety, the stress level and the reproductive performance of the pregnant sow, and the method selects and uses the daily ration fiber with the proper level for actual production to promote the satiety of the sow, reduce the stereotypy of the sow, relieve the stress level of the sow and improve the reproductive performance and provides data support and theoretical guidance.
According to the daily ration formula of the pregnant sow in the following embodiment of the invention, common commodity daily ration is used as a comparison, 15 wt% and 30 wt% of wheat aleurone layer powder are respectively added into the common commodity daily ration, the specific food intake and the nutritional components are shown in tables 1 and 2, and the influence of the addition of different levels of wheat aleurone layer powder into the pregnant daily ration on the satiety, stress level and reproductive performance of the sow is deeply researched.
TABLE 1 sow gestation period feed intake (kg/d)
TABLE 2 nutritional components and nutritional levels of sow pregnancy feed
Example 2 influence of wheat aleurone layer powder added at different levels in gestation period on sow reproductive performance and piglet growth performance and economic benefit analysis
In order to verify the effect of the invention, the reproductive performance and the piglet growth performance of the sows in the wheat aleurone layer powder groups with different levels are compared, and the economic benefit is analyzed and compared among the groups according to the reproductive performance result.
1. Test animal
The test animals are healthy long and large binary miscarriage sows (3-8 gestational sows) and the test site is a Happy fine breed farm in Chenzhou city, Guiyang county, Hunan province.
2. Test processing and grouping
Before the breeding of the sows, 84 sows are selected according to the weight, backfat and gestation times and are randomly divided into 3 groups, namely a blank control group, a 15 wt% wheat aleurone layer powder group and a 30 wt% wheat aleurone layer powder group. Each group of 28 sows, each sow 1 repeat, and the sows are fed singly. The feeding stage of the test daily ration comprises mating, delivery (the composition of the feed is shown in table 2, and the feeding mode is shown in table 1), and the lactation period is fed with uniform lactation daily ration (conventional lactation daily ration purchased in the market).
3. Data processing and analysis
Data analysis was performed on 84 sows. Statistical analysis was performed for one replicate per sow. After the test data are arranged by Excel software, single-factor variance analysis is carried out by an SAS program, wherein the piglet growth performance adopts mixed model variance for data analysis. All data were examined for normality and were examined for non-conformity to normal distribution using Kruskal-wallis. If the difference is significant, Duncan's multiple comparison is performed, and the dead fetus rate is tested by chi-square method. The results are expressed as mean. + -. standard error, with 0.05 < P < 0.10 indicating a statistically variable trend, P <0.05 indicating significant variability and P <0.01 indicating very significant variability. Mapping was done by GraphPad Prism 7 software.
4. Test results
The effective sample amount statistics of each stage of the sow are shown in the table 3. From breeding to 109 days of gestation, 4, 3 and 4 sows are respectively eliminated in each group due to sow diseases, nonpregnant abortion and the like, from 109 days of gestation to delivery, 2, 4 and 1 sows are respectively eliminated due to sow diseases and low litter size, and effective sample amount of each group is respectively 19, 21 and 21 due to sow diseases, insufficient milk secretion and the like in lactation period.
TABLE 3 statistical information table of effective sample amount of each stage of sow
(1) Influence of different levels of wheat aleurone layer powder added into pregnant daily ration on sow body weight, backfat, weaning-oestrus interval and feed intake in lactation period
As can be seen from Table 4, the addition of wheat aleurone layer powder at different levels to the pregnant ration has no significant effect on the weight, backfat, weaning-oestrus interval and feed intake during lactation (P > 0.05).
TABLE 4 influence of different levels of wheat aleurone layer meal added to pregnant diets on sow body weight, backfat thickness, weaning-oestrus interval and lactation feed intake
(2) Influence of wheat aleurone layer powder added to pregnant ration at different levels on farrowing performance of sows and growth performance of piglets
As can be seen from Table 5, the addition of different levels of wheat aleurone layer powder to the gestational diet had no significant effect on the total litter size, number born alive, number of dead births, litter weight, average weight average of born individuals (P >0.05), but the number of dead births in the control group was twice that of the 15 wt% wheat aleurone layer powder group. The addition of different levels of wheat aleurone layer powder to the pregnant ration has no significant effect on individual weight, average daily gain and nest weight average of piglets (P > 0.05). As can be seen from fig. 1, the dead fetus rate of the 15% wheat aleurone group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.01).
TABLE 5 influence of the addition of different levels of wheat aleurone layer meal to the pregnant diets on the farrowing performance of sows and piglet growth performance
Note: in the large-scale pig raising production process, due to the reasons that the sows have no milk or too much farrowing after delivery, the piglets have different economic values or more piglets can be nursed by newly born sows, and the like, a fostering method is adopted to feed the newborn piglets and adjust the number born by the sows so as to improve the survival rate of the newborn piglets or the utilization rate of the sows. Therefore, after the fostering, the piglets are regulated within 24h after the birth to adjust the number of the piglets after the litter size of the sows; l7 d: lactation period 7 days, L stands for lactation period.
From the test results, the addition of wheat aleurone layer powder with different levels to the pregnant daily ration has no obvious influence on the weight, backfat, weaning-oestrus interval and feed intake in the lactation period of the sow. However, 15 wt% wheat aleurone significantly reduced the stillbirth rate and stillbirth number of sows.
(3) Influence of different levels of wheat aleurone layer powder added to pregnant daily ration on economic benefit
As can be seen from Table 6, the 15 wt% wheat aleurone layer farrowing group sows produced 4.8 yuan/head less live piglets and 2.8 yuan/head less healthy piglets, compared to the control group.
TABLE 6 influence of different levels of wheat aleurone layer meal addition during gestation on economic benefits
Example 3 Effect of different levels of wheat aleurone layer meal added during pregnancy on nutrient digestibility of sows
1. Test animal
The test animals are healthy and large binary multiparous sows (pregnant sows with the gestation age of 3-8) in example 2, and the test site and method (feed and feeding amount) are the same as those in example 2.
2. Sample collection and testing method
6 sows were selected in each group of example 2 and chromium oxide (Cr) was used2O3) Digestion tests were performed as exogenous indicators for a test period of 9 days. 0.3 wt% of Cr is added into the feed in 60 days of pregnancy2O3After 6 days of pre-feeding, continuously taking feed samples and feces samples for 3 days. Feeding the sow completely every day, collecting the excrement of the sow once in the morning and afternoon, collecting 150g (randomly taking the excrement) every time, finishing the collection of each group within 1-2 h as much as possible, and adding 10 wt% of hydrochloric acid for fixing nitrogen according to 10% of the weight of the excrement. Taking out the feces collected before the last feces collection from the refrigerator, completely thawing, putting 3-day feces samples into a large sealed bag for uniformly mixing after the last feces collection, taking 50g of feces at 4 corners and in the middle, respectively, and putting the feces in the refrigerator at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ for storage, wherein the total amount of the feces is 250 g. After the test is finished, the manure sample is dried for 72 hours at the temperature of 65 ℃, is subjected to indoor moisture regain for 24 hours, and is crushed and sieved by a 40-mesh sieve to be tested.
The contents of Dry Matter (DM), total energy (GE), Crude Protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber in the feed and manure samples were determined analytically, according to feed analysis and feed quality detection technology (3 rd edition). The determination of the content of chromium (Cr) is carried out according to the determination method of chromium in feed of national standard GB/T13088-. The nutrient digestibility is calculated by the following formula:
nutrient digestibility (%) [ 1- (chromium content in feed sample/chromium content in feces sample) × (nutrient content in feces sample/nutrient content in feed sample) ] × 100
3. Data processing and analysis
The test data were collated with Excel software and analyzed for one-way variance with SAS program. All data were examined for normality and were examined for non-conformity to normal distribution using Kruskal-wallis. The subjects with significant differences were subjected to Duncan's multiple comparisons. The results are expressed as mean. + -. standard error, with 0.05 < P < 0.10 indicating a statistically variable trend, P <0.05 indicating significant variability and P <0.01 indicating very significant variability.
4. Test results
As can be seen from Table 7, the addition of different levels of wheat aleurone during gestation did not significantly affect the digestibility of the sow Dry Matter (DM), total energy (GE), Crude Protein (CP) and Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) (P > 0.05).
TABLE 7 influence of the addition of different levels of aleurone layer meal during pregnancy on the nutrient digestibility of sows
Example 4 Effect of different levels of wheat aleurone layer meal added during pregnancy on sow satiety
1. Test animal
The test animals are healthy and large binary multiparous sows (pregnant sows with the gestation age of 3-8) in example 2, and the test site and method (feed and feeding amount) are the same as those in example 2.
2. Sample collection and testing method
Selecting 8 sows in each group in example 2, collecting 10mL of blood from ear veins before the sows take a meal in the morning of 70 days of gestation and 2 hours after feeding, evenly subpackaging the blood into blood collecting tubes without heparin sodium and with heparin sodium, standing the blood collecting tubes for 30min, centrifuging the blood for 15min at the temperature of 4 ℃ and 3500r/min, collecting serum and plasma, storing the serum and the plasma at the temperature of-80 ℃ to analyze satiety hormone indexes, and adopting peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1) ELISA kits of pigs of the Wuhanhuamei company for determination, wherein the specific determination method is carried out according to the kit instructions. After the sows are fed for 2 hours in the morning on 72 th, 73 th and 74 th days of gestation, the image data is recorded by a digital camera, each sow is recorded for 60 minutes, repeated recording is carried out for three consecutive days, and then the behavior of the sows is analyzed (stereotypy behavior and definition table are shown in table 8).
TABLE 8 sow stereotypy behavior and definition
| Behavior | Performance of |
| Lying on stomach | Sow can support body without four limbs, including lying on sleep and lying on non-sleep |
| Standing up | The leg of the sow is in an upright state |
| Dog seat | The front legs of the sows are upright, and the rear legs of the sows sit on the ground |
| Drinking water | The mouth of the sow is contacted with the drinking trough or the trough once |
| Chewing of hollow mouth | Chewing behavior of sow mouth without food |
| Sniffing, licking | Trough with snout or tongue contacting ground, railing and no water |
| Number of changes of body positionNumber of | Changing from one body position to another |
Respectively counting the percentage of the time of the sow in lying, dog sitting, standing, sniffing licking and air interface chewing behaviors in the observation time (5 minutes is taken as a counting stage, the occurrence time of the counting behaviors accounts for the proportion of the time period) and the times of the sow drinking water and the number of times of body position change in the observation time.
3. Data processing and analysis
The test data were collated with Excel software and analyzed for one-way variance with SAS program. All data were examined for normality and were examined for non-conformity to normal distribution using Kruskal-wallis. The subjects with significant differences were subjected to Duncan's multiple comparisons. The results are expressed as mean. + -. standard error, with 0.05 < P < 0.10 indicating a statistically variable trend, P <0.05 indicating significant variability and P <0.01 indicating very significant variability. Mapping was done by GraphPad Prism 7 software.
4. Test results
(1) Influence of wheat aleurone layer powder with different levels added in gestation period on serum satiety hormone level of sow before meal and two hours after meal
As can be seen from fig. 2, compared with the control group, the aleurone group of wheat significantly increased the levels of peptide yy (pyy) and glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1) in the serum of the sow before and 2 hours after the meal for 70 days of gestation.
(2) Influence of adding different levels of wheat aleurone layer powder on sow stereotypy behavior in gestation period
As can be seen from table 9, the 15 wt% of wheat aleurone layer powder significantly reduced the sitting proportion (P is less than or equal to 0.05) of the sow relative to the control group, while there was no significant difference in the proportion occupied by other ethology, the lying proportion of the sow in the wheat aleurone layer powder group was increased by 1.5%, and the empty chewing proportion and the number of posture conversion times were reduced by 86% and 54%, respectively.
TABLE 9 Effect of different levels of wheat aleurone layer flours added during gestation on sow stereotyping behavior
Example 5 Effect of different levels of wheat aleurone layer meal addition during pregnancy on sow stress level
1. Test animal
The test animals are healthy and large binary multiparous sows (pregnant sows with the gestation age of 3-8) in example 2, and the test site and method (feed and feeding amount) are the same as those in example 2.
2. Sample collection and testing method
Selecting 8 sows in each group in example 2, collecting blood 10mL from ear margin vein before morning meal at 70 th and 109 th day of pregnancy, subpackaging into blood collecting tubes without heparin sodium and with heparin sodium on average, standing for 30min, centrifuging at 4 deg.C and 3500r/min for 15min, collecting serum and plasma, and storing at-80 deg.C.
Collecting sow saliva before breakfast in the early morning of 70 days of gestation, centrifuging at 2000r/min for 20min, collecting supernatant, and freezing for storage.
The cortisol concentration in the plasma and saliva of the sows before meal at 70 days of gestation was determined using the porcine cortisol ELISA assay kit (CSB-E06811p, CUSABIO, Wuhan, Hubei, China) from Huamei, Wuhan, Inc. The concentrations of T-AOC, MDA, 8-OHdG and GSH-Px in the serum of the sow in 109 days of gestation are measured by adopting a detection kit of the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), Malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and protein hydroxyl of Nanjing construction company. The specific determination method is carried out according to the kit instructions.
3. Data processing and analysis
After the Excel software is arranged, single-factor variance analysis is carried out by using an SAS program. All data were examined for normality and were examined for non-conformity to normal distribution using Kruskal-wallis. The subjects with significant differences were subjected to Duncan's multiple comparisons. The results are expressed as mean. + -. standard error, with 0.05 < P < 0.10 indicating a statistically variable trend, P <0.05 indicating significant variability and P <0.01 indicating very significant variability. Mapping was done by GraphPad Prism 7 software.
4. Test results
(1) Influence of wheat aleurone layer powder added at different levels in gestation period on plasma and salivary cortisol hormone of sow in 70 days of gestation
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the addition of wheat aleurone layers with different levels in the gestation period has no significant effect on the plasma cortisol concentration of sows at 70 days of gestation. Whereas the 15 wt% aleurone group significantly reduced the salivary cortisol concentration of sows at 70 days of gestation (P <0.05) relative to the control group.
(2) Influence of adding different levels of wheat aleurone layer powder on oxidation stress level of sow serum in 109 days of pregnancy
As can be seen from FIG. 4, although the addition of 15 wt% and 30 wt% of wheat aleurone to the diet did not significantly affect Malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-ohdG) and protein hydroxyl groups in the serum of the sow at 109 days of gestation, 15 wt% of wheat aleurone significantly increased Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (P.ltoreq.0.05) relative to the control group.
The research result shows that the addition of 15% of wheat aleurone layer powder to the pregnant ration obviously increases the level of satiety hormones PYY and GLP-1 in the serum of the sow, reduces stereotypy of the sow, obviously reduces the salivary cortisol concentration of the sow, obviously improves the total antioxidant capacity of the sow, obviously reduces the stillbirth rate of newborn piglets and improves the reproductive performance of the sow. In addition, economic benefit analysis shows that sows fed with 15 wt% of wheat aleurone layer powder reduce the cost of producing live and healthy piglets per head.
From the results, it can be known that by adding 15 wt% of wheat aleurone layer powder into the pregnant diet, the satiety of the sows can be obviously enhanced, the stereotyping behavior of the sows is reduced, and the stress level of the sows is reduced, so that the stillbirth rate of the sows is reduced.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The pregnant sow feed for reducing stereotypy and stillbirth rate of sows is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 60.1% of corn, 10.5% of soybean meal, 10.0% of soybean hull, 15.0% of wheat aleurone layer powder, 1.0% of stone powder, 1.7% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5% of sodium chloride, 0.2% of 70 lysine, 0.1% of choline chloride, 0.4% of baking soda, 0.1% of mildew removing agent and 0.4% of premix; the total is 100.0%.
2. The pregnant sow feed for reducing stereotypy and stillbirth rate of sows as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the premix comprises the following components: iron, zinc, manganese, copper, selenium, iodine, cobalt, vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin C, nicotinic acid, riboflavin, pyridoxine, vitamin K3, folic acid, and thiamine.
3. The feed for pregnant sows to reduce stereotypy and mortality of sows as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
the premix in 1kg of complete ration comprises the following components:
145 mg of iron, 75 mg of zinc, 50 mg of manganese, 10.0 mg of copper, 0.30 mg of selenium, 0.25 mg of iodine, 0.1 mg of cobalt, 7500IU of vitamin A, 34992 IU of vitamin D, 215.5 mg of vitamin E, 200 mg of vitamin C, 50 mg of nicotinic acid, 22 mg of riboflavin, 8.5 mg of pyridoxine, 35.1 mg of vitamin K, 4.5 mg of folic acid and 3.7 mg of thiamine.
4. A method of preparing a pregnant sow feed for reducing stereotypy and stillbirth rate in a sow as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
the pregnant sow feed for reducing the stereotypy and the stillbirth rate of the sows, which is disclosed by any one of claims 1 to 3, is prepared by uniformly mixing the components of the pregnant sow feed for reducing the stereotypy and the stillbirth rate of the sows.
5. Use of the pregnant sow feed for reducing stereotypy and stillbirth rate of sows as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 in the field of sow feeding.
6. A feeding method for pregnant sows is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the daily feed intake of each sow is 2.0Kg 0-30 days after the hybridization;
(2) the daily feed intake of each sow is 2.4Kg 31-85 days after the hybridization;
(3) after the breeding, the daily feed intake of each sow is 2.8Kg after 86-95 days;
(4) after the hybridization, the sow is delivered for 96 days, and the daily feed intake of each sow is 3.4 Kg;
the feed is the pregnant sow feed for reducing stereotypy and stillbirth rate of sows, which is disclosed by any one of claims 1 to 3.
7. The feeding method for pregnant sows as claimed in claim 6, wherein:
the sow is a growing binary miscellaneous sow.
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