CN114009585A - Nutritional feed set for feeding Tibetan lambs weaned in advance under grazing condition and application thereof - Google Patents
Nutritional feed set for feeding Tibetan lambs weaned in advance under grazing condition and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nutritional feed set for weaning Tibetan lambs in advance under grazing conditions and application thereof, relating to the technical field of animal nutrition, wherein the nutritional feed set consists of first concentrated feed for Tibetan ewes, second concentrated feed for Tibetan lambs, grains and green hay for Tibetan ewes and Tibetan lambs under grazing conditions; the nutritional feed set is used for carrying out nutritional management on Tibetan ewes in the gestation period and the lamb period; the feeding promoting nutrition management and weaning nutrition management of Tibetan lambs not only realizes early weaning of Tibetan lambs, but also can relieve adverse effects of factors such as stress, nutrition, feeding with lambs and the like on reproductive performance of Tibetan lambs, promotes the postpartum body condition recovery of Tibetan lambs, enables the survival rate of Tibetan lambs to reach 100%, and has important significance for Tibetan sheep industry in alpine pastoral areas and even mutton export in China.
Description
The application is a divisional application with the application date of 2019, 12 and 16, the application number of 201911290567.6 and the name of 'a nutritional feed set for Tibetan lambs to wean ahead and a method for Tibetan lambs to wean ahead under grazing conditions'.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of animal nutrition, in particular to a nutritional feed set for early weaning of Tibetan lambs under grazing conditions and application thereof.
Background
As an important economic growth point for increasing income and enriching for herdsmen in high and cold regions, the Tibetan sheep industry in China still has a plurality of problems at present. The prominent point is that the international export mainly uses lamb meat, the product mutton is adult or old sheep, and the lamb meat production begins to explore the early weaning technology of the lamb, so that the mutton export competitiveness in China is low.
In view of the fact that the development of mutton sheep, especially lamb mutton industry, in China is seriously unbalanced at present, the quality is not high, and the lamb mutton with high quality and high yield is urgently needed to be developed. The early weaning of the lamb is a very important technical link in lamb meat production, but the early weaning of the lamb in China is still in the starting stage at present, and the early weaning of Tibetan lamb is far behind the development of lambs of other sheep varieties. Although the Tibetan sheep has good adaptability to a wide alpine region with the altitude higher than 3500m, the grass is shorter and low in yield in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau with seasonal variation of the grass, the grass turns green in 4-5 months every year, the grass begins to wither in 9 months, and eight months in one year are cold hay seasons. The breeding rule of Tibetan sheep is as follows: the ewe estruses in 6-9 months every year, mainly focuses on the first ten days to the last 7 months of 6 months, breeds, lambs from the month 11-12 of the current year to the month 1-2 of the next year, mainly focuses on the month 11-12, and ablasts in the month 5-6 of the second year. If proper measures are not taken, the nutrition of the pregnant Tibetan ewes is great, the growth, development and production of lambs are influenced, the postpartum recovery of the ewes is difficult, the production and utilization of the ewes in the next period are influenced, and the utilization life of the ewes is even reduced. And after the ewe is parturient for a period of time, the lactation yield of the ewe born with the lamb is reduced, and the growth and development of the lamb are extremely unfavorable.
Those skilled in the art are now able to eliminate the above adverse effects by adding supplementary feeding and keeping out the cold to early wean Tibetan lambs, for example, Xianhonghong et al conducted a "Tibetan lamb early weaning barn feeding experimental study" which found lamb weight gain by using different feeds for 90 days for Tibetan lambs of about 7 days, and considered that 2 month-old Tibetan lamb weaning barn feeding was feasible. However, as the protein content of the supplementary feeding lamb feed used in the research is high, the mortality rate reaches 20 percent, the farming and herding production is influenced, and in addition, the method does not consider the nutritional requirements of ewes, and the growth and development of the lambs and the utilization rate of the ewes are seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for early weaning Tibetan lambs based on the characteristics of high-cold grassland, multiple growth stages of Tibetan ewes and Tibetan lambs and physiological nutrition metabolic mechanisms.
In order to realize the technical purpose of the invention, the invention provides a nutritional feed set for early weaning of Tibetan lambs under grazing conditions, which comprises the following feeds:
a first concentrate for a Tibetan ewe under grazing conditions;
a second concentrate feed and grain for the Tibetan lambs under grazing conditions;
green hay for Tibetan ewes and Tibetan lambs under grazing conditions;
wherein the first concentrated feed comprises, by weight, 50-60 parts of corn, 10-18 parts of feeding yeast, 16-30 parts of soybean meal, 0.8-2.1 parts of salt, 1-3 parts of phospholipid powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-0.6 part of baking soda, 0.2-0.6 part of magnesium oxide and 0.7-2.3 parts of an additive comprising trace elements and vitamins;
wherein the second concentrated feed comprises 68-82 parts by weight of corn, 3-7 parts by weight of feeding yeast, 10-18 parts by weight of soybean meal, 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of phospholipid powder, 0.6-1.8 parts by weight of calcium carbonate, 0.2-0.8 part by weight of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.4-1.2 parts by weight of sodium bicarbonate, 0.3-0.7 part by weight of magnesium oxide, 0.8-1.2 parts by weight of salt and 0.6-1.4 parts by weight of additive containing trace elements and vitamins;
wherein the cereal is one or more of corn, oat and barley;
wherein the green hay is single hay or mixed hay with crude protein content of more than 8%, neutral detergent fiber content of 45-55% and acid detergent fiber content of 29-35%.
The invention provides application of the nutritional feed set in the technical scheme in promoting the postpartum body condition recovery of Tibetan ewes and/or improving the early weaning survival rate of Tibetan lambs.
The invention provides a method for promoting postpartum body condition recovery of Tibetan ewes and/or improving early weaning survival rate of Tibetan lambs, which comprises the steps of nutrition management of Tibetan ewes and nutrition behavior management of Tibetan lambs under the grazing condition;
wherein the nutrition management of Tibetan ewes comprises:
under the first grazing condition, the first half period of pregnancy is not fed with supplementary feed, and the second half period of pregnancy is subjected to nutrition management of the second half period of pregnancy, wherein the nutrition management comprises first concentrated feed and green hay supplementary feed;
and (4) carrying out nutrition management with the lamb period under a second grazing condition, wherein the nutrition management comprises first concentrated feed, green hay and warm water supplementary feeding.
It should be noted that the gestation period of the Tibetan ewe is 5 months, the first three months are called the pre-gestation period, and the last two months are called the late gestation period.
The first concentrated feed comprises, by weight, 50-60 parts of corn, 10-18 parts of feeding yeast, 16-30 parts of soybean meal, 0.8-2.1 parts of salt, 1-3 parts of phospholipid powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-0.6 part of baking soda, 0.2-0.6 part of magnesium oxide and 0.7-2.3 parts of an additive comprising trace elements and vitamins.
Preferably, the first concentrated feed comprises 55 parts of corn, 14 parts of feeding yeast, 22 parts of soybean meal, 1.5 parts of salt, 2 parts of phospholipid powder, 1 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.6 part of baking soda, 0.4 part of magnesium oxide and 1.5 parts of additive containing trace elements and vitamins.
Wherein the green hay is single hay or mixed hay with crude protein content of more than 8%, neutral detergent fiber content of 45-55% and acid detergent fiber content of 29-35%.
For example, the green hay may be selected from one or more of oat, ryegrass, elymus, and the like.
Wherein the length of the green hay when fed is 3-5 cm.
In particular, the dosage of the first month in the later gestation period of the first concentrated feed (namely the fourth month in the gestation period of the Tibetan ewe) is gradually increased, and the dosage of the second month in the later gestation period (namely the last month in the gestation period of the Tibetan ewe) is gradually reduced.
Specifically, the dosage of the first month in the later gestation period (namely the fourth month in the gestation period of the Tibetan ewe) is gradually increased within the range of 0.20-0.35 kg/d.
Specifically, the dosage of the second month in the later gestation period (namely the last month in the gestation period of the Tibetan ewe) is gradually reduced within the range of 0.35-0.0 kg/d.
Particularly, the inventor finds that the first concentrated feed for Tibetan ewes in a gradually increasing and decreasing mode in the dosage range better meets the nutritional requirements of Tibetan ewes and can ensure that healthy Tibetan lambs can be produced smoothly.
Specifically, the dosage of the Tibetan ewe fed with the first concentrated feed in the fourth month of gestation is as follows:
feeding only at the rate of 0.20kg/d for 1-7 d;
feeding only at 8-15d according to 0.3 kg/d;
feeding only at 16-30d at a dose of 0.35 kg/d.
Specifically, the dosage of the Tibetan ewe fed with the first concentrated feed in the fifth month of gestation is as follows:
feeding only at the rate of 0.35kg/d for 1-7 d;
feeding only at a rate of 0.2kg/d on day 8-21;
and 22d, temporary delivery, feeding little concentrated feed or no feed.
In particular, the supplementary feeding of the green hay is also carried out on the Tibetan ewes in the later period of pregnancy in a gradually increasing and gradually decreasing mode.
Particularly, the dosage range of the supplementary feeding of the green hay is 0.5-1.5 kg/d.
Specifically, the supplementary feeding mode of the green hay is as follows:
feeding only at the 1 st to 14 th days of the later gestation period according to the proportion of 0.5 kg/d;
feeding only at 15-29d according to 1.0 kg/d;
feeding only at the rate of 1.5kg/d during the 36 th-temporary period.
Wherein the first grazing condition of the Tibetan ewe is grazing in the daytime in the early gestation stage in a conventional manner; in the later stage of pregnancy, grazing is carried out in a close range or around a colony house in the daytime; feeding the first concentrated feed and the green hay before grazing and after grazing.
Wherein the first concentrated feed and the green hay are fed by conventional method, namely feeding the first concentrated feed first and then feeding the green hay.
And the second grazing condition of the Tibetan ewes is that the ewes are grazed around the colony house or are not grazed in the colony house in the daytime within 8 days after the lambs are born, and the grazing strength and distance are gradually increased after 8 days.
Particularly, in the lambing period, the first concentrated feed is used in a mode that feeding is started at the 3 rd time when the ewes lambs are born, the feeding is carried out in a mode of gradually increasing the dosage, and the dosage range is 0.1-0.35 kg/d.only in 14 days after the ewes lambing.
Specifically, the way of feeding the first concentrated feed to the ewe lambing is as follows:
gradually increasing the feeding amount within the range of 0.1-0.15 kg/d.only in the 3 rd-6 th days to enable the feeding amount to reach 0.15 kg/d.only in the 7 th days;
the feeding amount is gradually increased within the range of 0.15-0.35 kg/d.only in the 8 th-14 th days, so that the feeding amount reaches 0.35 kg/d.only in the 14 th days.
It should be noted that, as the lambing ewes are weak, the addition of the first concentrated feed is in principle a small amount and frequent addition.
Particularly, during lambing period, the ewe is fed with green hay in a mode that feeding is started at 1d when the ewe lambs are born, feeding amount is 1 kg/d.only, addition principle is that the feeding amount is infrequently added, and feeding is started at 8d and increased to 1.5 kg/d.only.
Wherein the warm water is bran warming water, the temperature is 35-40 ℃, and the mass concentration of the bran is 5-50%.
In particular, warm water is used to provide sufficient warm water to ewes before and after herding.
Wherein the nutrient management of the Tibetan lamb under grazing conditions comprises:
under the third grazing condition, carrying out food calling nutrition management on the Tibetan lambs 7 days after birth, wherein the food calling nutrition management comprises green hay, grains and second concentrated feed;
and under the fourth grazing condition, weaning nutrition management is carried out on the Tibetan lambs of 2 months old.
Wherein the green hay of the lamb is single hay or mixed hay with the crude protein content of more than 8 percent, the neutral detergent fiber content of 45-55 percent and the acid detergent fiber content of 29-35 percent.
For example, the green hay may be selected from one or more of oat, ryegrass, elymus, and the like.
Wherein the length of the green hay when fed is 3-5 cm.
Wherein the grain is particles with the particle size of less than 2 mm.
In particular, the cereal is selected from one or more of corn grits, oat grits or barley grits.
According to the invention, the grain is added to promote the rumen development of the Tibetan lambs, and simultaneously, the Tibetan lambs can be trained to grind teeth, so that the feed intake of the lambs to fresh grass after the pasture is turned green is improved.
Particularly, the second concentrated feed comprises, by weight, 68-82 parts of corn, 3-7 parts of feeding yeast, 10-18 parts of soybean meal, 0.5-1.5 parts of phospholipid powder, 0.6-1.8 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.2-0.8 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.4-1.2 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 0.3-0.7 part of magnesium oxide, 0.8-1.2 parts of salt and 0.6-1.4 parts of an additive containing trace elements and vitamins.
Preferably, the second concentrated feed consists of 75 parts of corn, 5 parts of feeding yeast, 14 parts of soybean meal, 1 part of phospholipid powder, 1.2 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.5 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.8 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.5 part of magnesium oxide, 1 part of salt and 1.0 part of additive containing trace elements and vitamins.
Wherein, under the grazing condition, the nutrition management of the Tibetan lamb further comprises the step of feeding all the breastmilk of the lamb 7 days before birth.
The method completely breast feeds the Tibetan lambs within 7 days of birth, so that the Tibetan lambs can absorb the nutrition and the antibodies in the breast milk, and the resistance of the Tibetan lambs is further enhanced.
Wherein the third grazing condition is:
7d, grouping the lactating ewes and the lambs in the daytime, keeping the lambs in a colony house or a sports field, and after the ewes are grazed, lactating the ewes and the lambs together;
after 15 days, the Tibetan lambs are grazed at the periphery of the colony house in the daytime, and the grazing distance is gradually increased, but the Tibetan lambs are not grazed together with the ewes.
It should be noted that, in general, nursing ewes return to the colony house or the sports field at about 12 pm, the lambs are nursed and stay together, the ewes are separated from the lambs at about 2 pm, the ewes go out for grazing, and the lambs stay in the colony house or the sports field.
In particular, the food calling nutrition management mode is as follows:
after 7 days, feeding the Tibetan lambs with green hay, grains and second concentrated feed in the daytime;
after the ewes are grazed, the second concentrated feed, the corn particles or the green hay are placed in a feeding device which can be entered by the lambs but can not be entered by the ewes, so that the lambs which have eaten the breast milk can eat the feed freely until weaning.
Wherein the fourth grazing condition is:
when the lambs are weaned, the lambs and the lactating ewes are absolutely separated, and grazing in the daytime is guaranteed at least for more than 5 days;
after the lambs are weaned, the lambs and ewes are herded in groups.
It should be noted that, the fact that the lambs are absolutely separated from the lactating ewes means that the lambs and the lactating ewes are not raised together.
Wherein the weaning nutrition management of said lambs is:
before the plateau pasture is turned green, green hay and second concentrated feed are fed to weaned lambs before grazing or after grazing, and the lambs are grazed in the daytime;
after the plateau forage grass turns green, the second concentrated feed and the green hay are gradually reduced until the second concentrated feed and the green hay are not added.
Particularly, the feeding amount of the green hay to the weaned lambs is 0.3-0.4 kg/d.only, and the feeding amount of the second concentrated feed is 0.1-0.2 kg/d.only.
It is noted that a large number of experiments for a long time show that the feeding amount of the green grass is 0.3-0.4 kg/d.only and the feeding amount of the second concentrated feed is 0.1-0.2 kg/d.only, which can provide enough nutrition for the lambs and ensure the healthy growth of the weaned lambs due to the individual difference of the lambs.
After the plateau forage grass turns green, the second concentrated feed and the green hay are gradually reduced until the second concentrated feed and the green hay are not added.
Has the advantages that:
1. based on multiple growth stages and physiological nutrition metabolism mechanisms of the Tibetan ewes and the Tibetan lambs, the nutrition regulation and control of the Tibetan ewes and the Tibetan lambs in each growth stage is realized by using the behavioral nutrition management method, so that the Tibetan lambs can be weaned at the age of 2 months, and the Tibetan ewes are promoted to enter a recovery state as soon as possible.
2. Under the plateau environment condition with the altitude of about 3500m, the technical purposes of weaning Tibetan lambs at 2 months under the grazing condition, no death of the Tibetan lambs and quick recovery of the body conditions of Tibetan ewes are realized, which has great contribution to the breeding of plateau Tibetan sheep, solves the problems of late weaning of Tibetan lambs, high death rate and low lamb export rate of the Tibetan lambs in the past and has important social significance for the grazing development of high-cold grasslands.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. These examples are only illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The experimental procedures, for which specific experimental conditions are not indicated in the following examples, are generally carried out according to conventional conditions, or according to conditions recommended by the manufacturers.
The experiment of breeding and nutrition management of the Tibetan sheep is carried out in the Tibetan sheep stock ground (Hongyuan county, Aba, Sichuan province) in Sichuan, and the altitude is about 3500 m. The region is continental plateau cold temperate zone monsoon climate with cold climate, short spring and autumn, no summer in long winter and low heat. The average annual temperature is 1.4 ℃, the extreme lowest temperature is-36 ℃, the extreme highest temperature is 26.0 ℃, and the annual average sunshine hours are 2158.7 hours; the average rainfall for many years is 749.1 mm, the annual average snowfall days are 76 days, and the high and cold grassland is typical and the environment is severe.
Due to limited space, the applicant selects a part of experiments of 2016-2018 in the long-term experiment process of the inventor to illustrate the method for the early weaning of the Tibetan lambs under the grazing condition, which is specifically as follows:
example 1 nutritional feed set for early weaning of Tibetan lambs under grazing conditions
1. A first concentrate for a Tibetan ewe under grazing conditions;
the first concentrated feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of corn, 14 parts of feeding yeast, 23 parts of soybean meal, 1.05 parts of salt, 2 parts of phospholipid powder, 1 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.45 part of baking soda, 0.4 part of magnesium oxide and 1.5 parts of additive containing trace elements and vitamins.
2. Second concentrated feed for Tibetan lambs under grazing conditions
The second concentrated feed comprises, by weight, corn 75, feeding yeast 5, soybean meal 14, phospholipid powder 1, calcium carbonate 1.05, calcium hydrophosphate 0.5, sodium bicarbonate 0.8, magnesium oxide 0.5, salt 1 and an additive 1.3 containing trace elements and vitamins;
3. grain for Tibetan lambs under grazing conditions
The grain is selected from corn, oat and barley, and has a grain size of less than 2 mm.
4. Green hay for tibetan ewes and lambs under grazing conditions;
the green hay is a mixture of oat, rye and elymus chinensis, the weight proportion is not limited, and the length is 3-5 cm.
The above components are commercially available, and the additives containing trace elements and vitamins are commercially available sheep feed microbial additives, such as sheep trace element additive produced by agriculture and animal husbandry limited of eagle, Beijing.
Example 2 nutritional feed set for early weaning of Tibetan lambs under grazing conditions
Removing the first concentrated feed comprises: 50 parts of corn, 10 parts of feeding yeast, 16 parts of soybean meal, 0.8 part of salt, 3 parts of phospholipid powder, 0.5 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of baking soda, 0.2 part of magnesium oxide and 2.3 parts of additive containing trace elements and vitamins; the second concentrated feed comprises 68 percent of corn, 3 percent of feeding yeast, 10 percent of bean pulp, 1.5 percent of phospholipid powder, 0.6 percent of calcium carbonate, 0.2 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.4 percent of sodium bicarbonate, 0.3 percent of magnesium oxide, 0.8 percent of salt and 0.6 percent of additive with trace elements and vitamins; the grain is selected from corn grit and oat grit; the same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the green hay was a mixture of oats and rye.
Example 3 nutritional feed set for early weaning of Tibetan lambs under grazing conditions
Removing the first concentrated feed comprises: 60 parts of corn, 18 parts of feeding yeast, 30 parts of soybean meal, 2.1 parts of salt, 1 part of phospholipid powder, 1.5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of baking soda, 0.6 part of magnesium oxide and 0.7 part of additive containing trace elements and vitamins; the second concentrated feed comprises corn 82, feeding yeast 7, bean pulp 18, phospholipid powder 0.5, calcium carbonate 1.8, calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.8, sodium bicarbonate 1.2, magnesium oxide 0.7, salt 1.2 and additive with trace elements and vitamins 1.4; the grain is selected from mixture of barley and oat grains; the same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the green hay was a mixture of Elymus sativus and rye.
Example 4 nutritional feed set for early weaning of Tibetan lambs under grazing conditions
Removing the first concentrated feed comprises: 53 parts of corn, 12 parts of feed yeast, 18 parts of soybean meal, 1.0 part of salt, 2 parts of phospholipid powder, 0.7 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.4 part of baking soda, 0.3 part of magnesium oxide and 2.0 parts of additive containing trace elements and vitamins; the second concentrated feed comprises 70 percent of corn, 4 percent of feeding yeast, 12 percent of soybean meal, 0.7 percent of phospholipid powder, 0.8 percent of calcium carbonate, 0.3 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.6 percent of sodium bicarbonate, 0.4 percent of magnesium oxide, 0.9 percent of salt and 0.8 percent of additive with trace elements and vitamins; the grains are corn particles; the procedure of example 1 was followed except for the green hay oats.
Example 5 nutritional feed set for early weaning of Tibetan lambs under grazing conditions
Removing the first concentrated feed comprises: corn 56, feeding yeast 16, bean pulp 20, salt 1.3, phospholipid powder 1.9, calcium hydrophosphate 1.1, baking soda 0.5, magnesium oxide 0.3, and additive 1.1 containing trace elements and vitamins; the second concentrated feed comprises corn 74, feeding yeast 6, bean pulp 16, phospholipid powder 1.1, calcium carbonate 1.3, calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.7, sodium bicarbonate 0.9, magnesium oxide 0.6, salt 1.1 and additive with trace elements and vitamins 0.9; the grains are oat grains; the same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the green hay was rye.
It should be noted that, as summarized through a large number of experiments over the years, in the first concentrated feed: 50-60 parts of corn, 10-18 parts of feeding yeast, 16-30 parts of soybean meal, 0.8-2.1 parts of salt, 1-3 parts of phospholipid powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-0.6 part of baking soda, 0.2-0.6 part of magnesium oxide and 0.7-2.3 parts of additive containing trace elements and vitamins; in the second concentrated feed: 68-82 parts of corn, 3-7 parts of feeding yeast, 10-18 parts of soybean meal, 0.5-1.5 parts of phospholipid powder, 0.6-1.8 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.2-0.8 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.4-1.2 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 0.3-0.7 part of magnesium oxide, 0.8-1.2 parts of salt and 0.6-1.4 parts of additive with trace elements and vitamins by weight of any ratio can provide the best nutrition for the Tibetan ewes and the Tibetan lambs, in addition, the adverse effects of one or more grains selected from corn particles, oat particles or barley particles and one or more weaned green hay selected from oat, rye and kalium notatum on the reproductive performance of the Tibetan ewes can be realized, the adverse effects of factors such as stress, nutrition, suckling with lambs and the like on the reproductive performance of the Tibetan ewes can be relieved, the postpartum recovery of the Tibetan ewes is promoted, and the survival rate of the Tibetan lambs reaches 100%,
example 6 method of early weaning of Tibetan lambs under grazing conditions
The grazing management of the Tibetan ewes and the Tibetan lambs by utilizing the feed nutrition set provided by the embodiment 1-5 comprises the following specific processes:
1. feeding management of pregnant ewes
In 2016 and 2017, from the end of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months, stud ram in nature mating for 7-9 months, pasture is abundant, and the nutrition is rich, so no supplementary feeding is provided.
Feeding concentrated feed for 10 months, wherein the amount of the first concentrated feed is gradually increased according to 0.20-0.35 kg/d in the first month (namely the fourth month in gestation period of Tibetan ewes) in the later period of gestation, the first concentrated feed is fed according to 0.20 kg/d-only in the 1 st-7 th days, the second concentrated feed is fed according to 0.3 kg/d-only in the 8 th-15 th days, and the third concentrated feed is fed according to 0.35 kg/d-only in the 16 th-30 th days; the last month in the later gestation period (namely the fifth month in the gestation period of the Tibetan ewe) is gradually reduced according to 0.35-0.0 g/d, the first month to the later gestation period is fed according to 0.35kg/d, the second month to the later gestation period is fed according to 0.2kg/d, the third month to the later gestation period is fed according to 0.7 kg/d, the fourth month to the later gestation period is fed according to 22d, and a small amount of concentrated feed is fed or no feed is fed until the next childbirth.
The consumption of the green hay is gradually increased and supplemented by 0.5-1.5 kg/d, the 1 st-14 th days of the later gestation period is fed according to 0.5kg/d, the 15 th-29 th days are fed according to 1.0kg/d, the 36 th-temporary cropping period is fed according to 1.5 kg/d.
The pregnant ewes are subjected to supplementary feeding before grazing and after grazing, grazing in the daytime and grazing in the later period of pregnancy at a close distance or around a colony house.
2. Feeding management of nursing ewes
After the pregnant ewes lay lambs, feeding the first concentrated feed from the 3 rd of the ewes to feed according to the amount of 0.1-0.15kg/d, wherein the feeding amount of 0.15kg/d is reached at the 7 th, the feeding amount of 8d-14d is reached, the dosage of the first concentrated feed is 0.15-0.35kg/d, the dosage is gradually increased, the feeding amount of 0.35kg/d is reached at the 14 th, and the dosage is less frequently increased by adding the first concentrated feed.
The use amount of the green hay is that the ewe lambs are fed at the 1 st day, the feeding amount is 1kg/d, the addition principle is that the feeding amount is small and frequent, the lambs are grazed around a colony house properly, the 8 th day is increased to 1.5kg/d, and the grazing strength and distance are increased.
Before and after grazing, sufficient bran water at 35-40 deg.C is provided, and simultaneously, concentrated feed and green hay are fed.
3. Feeding management of nursing lambs
The lambs are born for 1-7 days and are all fed by breast milk, after 7 days, the ewes and the lambs are fed in groups in the daytime, 9-10 points are reached in the morning, the ewes go out for grazing, and the lambs are left in a colony house or a sports field; at noon 12-2, ewes are grazed, and lambs and ewes are combined; 2-5, grazing the ewes outside, and leaving the lambs in a colony house or a sports field; after 5 o' clock, the ewes were grazed and the ewes were kept together with the lambs. The feeding device for lambs to enter but not for ewes to enter is placed in a colony house or a sports field, second concentrated feed, corn particles or green hay is placed, the lambs can be freely fed after the lambs are fed, and the ewes cannot be fed until weaning.
It should be noted that, in order to train the nursing lamb to wean early, the application adjusts the dosage of the second concentrated feed, green hay or corn particles based on the daily feed intake of the lamb, in a specific embodiment, the green hay is added in an amount of 0.2kg/d, the grain is added in an amount of 0.1kg/d, and the second concentrated feed is added in an amount of 0.1kg/d, the addition amount on the day is based on the fact that the lamb can eat completely. If the feed is eaten earlier, the feed which is eaten up is added into the feeding trough again, the adding amount is increased once the next day, if more feed is left, the feed which is not eaten up on the same day is removed, and the adding amount is properly reduced on the next day. 4. Feeding management of weaned lambs
After 2 months of age of the lambs, the lambs and the ewes are herded and fed with the second concentrated feed and the green hay at a feeding amount of 0.3-0.4kg/d and the second concentrated feed at a feeding amount of 0.1-0.2 kg/d.
After the plateau forage grass turns green, gradually reducing the second concentrated feed and the green hay until the second concentrated feed and the green hay are not added, if the lambs are fattened, transferring the lambs into a fattening barn, and feeding the lambs according to a fattening feeding mode.
After the test is finished, observing and recording the pre-pregnancy weight, the 2-month-postpartum weight and the 6-month-postpartum weight of the Tibetan ewe weaned at the age of 2 months, and simultaneously observing and recording the weight change of the Tibetan ewe which is naturally weaned and cultured in a conventional way; then observing and recording the birth weight of the Tibetan lambs, the feed intake of the second concentrated feed (concentrated feed for short in a table) and green hay at weaning and the death amount, wherein the observation result of the Tibetan ewes is shown in a table 1, and the observation result of the Tibetan lambs is shown in a table 2:
TABLE 1 weight change in Tibetan ewes
| Weaning ewe for 2 months | Number of samples | Body weight before pregnancy | 2 months postpartum body weight | Postpartum 6 months body weight |
| Age at weaning time | 36 only | 61.5kg | 56.7kg | 60.8kg |
| Natural weaning | 33 are only | 62.8kg | 51.2kg | 54.3kg |
Injecting: the plateau area is generally weaned at the age of 6 months, namely 1-2 months after the pasture is turned green.
According to the observation results in table 1, the weight data of two groups of ewes are relatively close before mating, and after the gestation period and the lactation period, the weight of the ewe weaned at the age of 2 months in the test group is higher than that of the ewe weaned naturally, and at the age of 6 months after delivery, the ewe weaned at the age of 2 months is basically recovered to the body condition of the ewe mating in the previous year, and the ewe weaned naturally needs further recovery.
TABLE 22 month-old lamb weaning test results
According to the test results in table 2, by using the feed nutrition set for early weaning of Tibetan lambs under grazing conditions and the method for early weaning of Tibetan lambs under grazing conditions provided by the invention, although the birth weight is lower than that of the control group, at the age of 2 months, the weight of the lamb in the test group is more than 1.26 times of that of the control group, and the feed intake of the concentrate and the green hay is more than 2 times of that of the control group and is as high as 4 times; more importantly, the test group of lambs had a mortality rate of only zero even in the case of weaning at 2 months of age, whereas the control group reached 6.3 or more.
In conclusion, the feed nutrient set for early weaning of Tibetan lambs under grazing conditions and the method for early weaning of Tibetan lambs under grazing conditions provided by the invention can realize early weaning of Tibetan lambs, relieve adverse effects of factors such as stress, nutrition, feeding with lambs and the like on reproductive performance of Tibetan lambs, promote postpartum body condition recovery of Tibetan lambs, enable the survival rate of Tibetan lambs to reach 100%, and have important significance on the development of Tibetan lamb industry in high and cold grazing areas and even mutton export in China.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A nutritional feed set for early weaning of Tibetan lambs under grazing conditions is characterized by comprising the following feeds:
a first concentrate for a Tibetan ewe under grazing conditions;
a second concentrate feed and grain for the Tibetan lambs under grazing conditions;
green hay for Tibetan ewes and Tibetan lambs under grazing conditions;
wherein the first concentrated feed comprises, by weight, 50-60 parts of corn, 10-18 parts of feeding yeast, 16-30 parts of soybean meal, 0.8-2.1 parts of salt, 1-3 parts of phospholipid powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-0.6 part of baking soda, 0.2-0.6 part of magnesium oxide and 0.7-2.3 parts of an additive comprising trace elements and vitamins;
wherein the second concentrated feed comprises 68-82 parts by weight of corn, 3-7 parts by weight of feeding yeast, 10-18 parts by weight of soybean meal, 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of phospholipid powder, 0.6-1.8 parts by weight of calcium carbonate, 0.2-0.8 part by weight of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.4-1.2 parts by weight of sodium bicarbonate, 0.3-0.7 part by weight of magnesium oxide, 0.8-1.2 parts by weight of salt and 0.6-1.4 parts by weight of additive containing trace elements and vitamins;
wherein the cereal is one or more of corn, oat and barley;
wherein the green hay is single hay or mixed hay with crude protein content of more than 8%, neutral detergent fiber content of 45-55% and acid detergent fiber content of 29-35%.
2. The use of the nutritional feed set of claim 1 for promoting postpartum recovery of tibetan ewes and/or increasing early weaning survival of tibetan lambs.
3. A method of promoting postpartum recovery of tibetan ewes and/or increasing early weaning survival of tibetan lambs by utilizing the nutritional feed set of claim 1, comprising nutritional management of tibetan ewes under grazing conditions and nutritional management of tibetan lambs under grazing conditions;
wherein the nutrient management of the Tibetan ewes under grazing conditions comprises:
under the first grazing condition, performing gestational nutrition management including first concentrated feed and green hay supplementary feeding only on the later stage of gestation;
carrying out nutrition management including the first concentrated feed, green hay and warm water supplementary feeding in the lamb stage under a second grazing condition;
wherein the nutrient management of the Tibetan lamb under grazing conditions comprises:
under the third grazing condition, carrying out food calling nutrition management on the Tibetan lambs 7 days after birth, wherein the food calling nutrition management comprises green hay, grains and second concentrated feed;
and under the fourth grazing condition, weaning nutrition management is carried out on the Tibetan lambs of 2 months old.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the first concentrated feed is gradually increased in the first month of the latter half of pregnancy and gradually decreased in the second month of the latter half of pregnancy;
wherein the dosage of the first concentrated feed is gradually increased within the range of 0.20-0.35 kg/d; the amount of the additive is gradually reduced to 0.35-0.0 kg/d.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the supplementary feeding amount of the green hay is 0.5-1.5 kg/d.only, and the supplementary feeding is performed in a gradually increasing and gradually decreasing manner.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein the first concentrate is fed at a dosage of: feeding the ewes at the 3 rd lambing stage, and performing feeding in a mode of gradually increasing the dosage, wherein the dosage range is 0.1-0.355 kg/d per lamb within 14 days after the ewes lamb stage;
during lambing, the ewe is fed with green hay in a mode that feeding is started at the 1 st day of lambing of the ewe, the feeding amount is 1kg/d, the addition principle is that the feeding amount is infrequently added, and the feeding amount is increased to 1.5kg/d at the 8 th day;
wherein the warm water is bran warming water, the temperature is 35-40 ℃, and the mass concentration of the bran is 5-50%.
7. The method according to claim 3, wherein the first grazing condition of the Tibetan ewe is, during the pre-gestation period, a day grazing in a conventional manner; in the later stage of pregnancy, grazing is carried out in a close range or around a colony house in the daytime; feeding a first concentrated feed and supplementing green hay before grazing and after grazing;
and the second grazing condition of the Tibetan ewes is that the ewes are grazed around the colony house or are not grazed in the colony house in the daytime within 8 days after the lambs are born, and the grazing strength and distance are gradually increased after 8 days.
8. The method of claim 3, wherein the nutritional management of the Tibetan lamb under grazing conditions comprises:
under the third grazing condition, carrying out food calling nutrition management on the Tibetan lambs 7 days after birth, wherein the food calling nutrition management comprises green hay, grains and second concentrated feed;
and under the fourth grazing condition, weaning nutrition management is carried out on the Tibetan lambs of 2 months old.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the food calling nutritional management modality is:
after 7 days, the Tibetan lambs are fed with green hay and second concentrated feed in the daytime, and the lambs are fed freely;
after the ewes are grazed, placing second concentrated feed, corn particles or green hay in a feeding device which can be entered by the lambs but can not be entered by the ewes, so that the lambs which have eaten the breast milk can eat freely until weaning;
wherein, the green hay is added in an amount of 0.2kg/d, the grains are added in an amount of 0.1kg/d and the second concentrated feed is added in an amount of 0.1kg/d, and the addition amount in the day is based on that the lamb can eat the lamb. If the feed is eaten earlier, the feed which is eaten up is added into the feeding trough again, the adding amount is increased once the next day, if more feed is left, the feed which is not eaten up on the same day is removed, and the adding amount is properly reduced on the next day;
the weaning nutrition management of the lambs is as follows:
feeding green hay and a second concentrated feed to weaned lambs by the plateau forage before turning green;
after the plateau forage grass turns green, gradually reducing the second concentrated feed and the green hay until the second concentrated feed and the green hay are not added; wherein the feeding amount of the green hay to the weaned lambs is 0.3-0.4kg/d, and the feeding amount of the second concentrated feed is 0.1-0.2 kg/d.
10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the third grazing condition is: 7d, grouping the lactating ewes and the lambs in the daytime, and remaining in a colony house or a sports field, wherein the lactating ewes and the lambs are kept together after the ewes are grazed;
wherein, the fourth grazing condition is that after the lambs are weaned, the lambs and the ewes are herded and fed in groups.
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