CN110973024A - 一种小龙虾生态养殖方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种小龙虾生态养殖方法,包括池塘的选择与建设、苗种放养、饵料投喂、水质调控、病害防治,本发明根据小龙虾的生长习性,掌握小龙虾的生长特点使虾苗在成长过程中有效的保证了小龙虾的健康,在池塘中种植水产植物建立良性生态环境,供小龙虾嬉戏和取食,同时对水质及时有效的净化、处理,有效的降低了小龙虾的感染疾病的几率,提高抗逆性,提升自身免疫力,并且培养的小龙虾肉质鲜美、产量高,提高养殖收益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产养殖领域,特别涉及一种小龙虾生态养殖方法。
背景技术
近年来,小龙虾市场是淡水经济虾类,因肉味鲜美广受人们欢迎。因其杂食性、生长速度快、适应能力强而在当地生态环境中形成绝对的竞争优势。其摄食范围包括水草、藻类、水生昆虫、动物尸体等,食物匮缺时亦自相残杀。小龙虾近年来在中国已经成为重要经济养殖品种。随着人们生活水平的不断提高,人们对生活质量要求越来越高,对饮食质量要求也非常高,人们对营养价值丰富的小龙虾的需求量也在极速增长,但是目前市场上的小龙虾产量并不能满足人们的迫切需求,由于目前水体质量受到不同程度的污染,使得小龙虾生存环境不断恶化,导致小龙虾极易感染疾病,同时,小龙虾生存环境具有局限性,目前的淡水小龙虾人工养殖存在一定弊端,不能够有效保证小龙虾的肉质饱满,亟待改进。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种小龙虾生态养殖方法,可以有效促进龙虾快速生长,提高龙虾的产量。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下的技术方案:
一种小龙虾生态养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)池塘的选择与建设:选择水源充足、水质清晰、无污染、排灌方便、保水能力强、土壤肥沃、面积3-5亩的池塘,水深1.2-1.5,坡比1:1.8-2,池塘土质为壤土,放干池塘中的水,日晒3-5天,然后放入河水,并按350-400kg/亩施加腐熟有机肥,施肥3-4天后在种植水草,水草覆盖面积占各池面积的40-50%,水温控制在24℃,溶氧在5mg/L,透明度应在25cm左右。
(2)苗种放养:3月中旬,放养规格为2000只/kg体质健壮、无病无伤的虾苗种20kg/亩。
(3)饵料投喂:放苗初期要定点投放颗粒饲料在周围水草带中,投放一周左右小虾就习惯性聚集在周围水草中攀爬摄,每天的投饵量以吃饱、吃完、不留残饵为准,每天投喂2次,早晚各1次,因小龙虾主要在夜间进食,晚上投喂量占全日饵料的65-85%,饵料要投在池边浅水中,大批虾蜕壳时少投,蜕壳后多投。
(4)水质调控:春季水位一般保持在1-1.2m之间,每12-16d加水一次,每次加水6-8cm;夏季水位保持在1.3-1.5m,每6-9d换水一次,每次换水量为池塘水体的1/3。
(5)病害防治:5月上旬,在定期对水体进行消毒的同时,要在饲料中添加多维素、钙片、乳酸菌等以增强小龙虾的免疫力,每月用用一次纤虫净。
进一步地,步骤(3)所述颗粒饲料其原料按重量份包括:鱼粉100-120份、豆粕20-40份、乳清蛋白3-6份、大豆秸秆7-8份、骨粉3-5份、菜籽粕1-4份、红薯7-8份、蚕蛹粉3-6份、磷酸氢钙4-8份、松针粉6-12份、虾青素2-5份、氯化胆碱0.5-1.5份、肌酸醇1-3份、硼砂3-6份。
进一步地,步骤(1)在7-8月沿池塘上方30-35%面积搭建95%遮光度的遮阳网。
进一步地,步骤(3)饲料投料时间为早晨4-5点和傍晚17-18点。
进一步地,步骤(2)所述的虾苗投放时用3-4%的食盐水洗浴6-10min消毒。
本发明的有益效果:本发明根据小龙虾的生长习性,掌握小龙虾的生长特点使虾苗在成长过程中有效的保证了小龙虾的健康,在池塘中种植水产植物建立良性生态环境,供小龙虾嬉戏和取食,同时对水质及时有效的净化、处理,有效的降低了小龙虾的感染疾病的几率,提高抗逆性,提升自身免疫力,并且培养的小龙虾肉质鲜美、产量高,提高养殖收益。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
(1)池塘的选择与建设:选择水源充足、水质清晰、无污染、排灌方便、保水能力强、土壤肥沃、面积3-5亩的池塘,水深1.5m,坡比1:2,池塘土质为壤土,放干池塘中的水,日晒3-5天,然后放入河水,并400kg/亩施加腐熟有机肥,施肥3-4天后在种植水草,水草覆盖面积占各池面积的50%,水温控制在24℃,溶氧在5mg/L,透明度应在25cm左右。
在7-8月沿池塘上方30-35%面积搭建95%遮光度的遮阳网。
(2)苗种放养:3月中旬,放养规格为2000只/kg体质健壮、无病无伤的虾苗种20kg/亩;虾苗投放时用3-4%的食盐水洗浴6-10min消毒。
(3)饵料投喂:放苗初期要定点投放颗粒饲料在周围水草带中,投放一周左右小虾就习惯性聚集在周围水草中攀爬摄,每天的投饵量以吃饱、吃完、不留残饵为准,每天投喂2次,早晚各1次,投料时间为早晨4-5点和傍晚17-18点;因小龙虾主要在夜间进食,晚上投喂量占全日饵料的80%,饵料要投在池边浅水中,大批虾蜕壳时少投,蜕壳后多投。
颗粒饲料其原料按重量份包括:鱼粉120份、豆粕30份、乳清蛋白5份、大豆秸秆8份、骨粉5份、菜籽粕3份、红薯8份、蚕蛹粉5份、磷酸氢钙5份、松针粉8份、虾青素4份、氯化胆碱1份、肌酸醇2份、硼砂5份。
(4)水质调控:春季水位一般保持在1.2m之间,每12-16d加水一次,每次加水6-8cm;夏季水位保持在1.5m,每6-9d换水一次,每次换水量为池塘水体的1/3。
(5)病害防治:5月上旬,在定期对水体进行消毒的同时,要在饲料中添加多维素、钙片、乳酸菌等以增强小龙虾的免疫力,每月用用一次纤虫净。
实施例2
(1)池塘的选择与建设:选择水源充足、水质清晰、无污染、排灌方便、保水能力强、土壤肥沃、面积3-5亩的池塘,水深1.5,坡比1:1.8,池塘土质为壤土,放干池塘中的水,日晒3-5天,然后放入河水,并按350kg/亩施加腐熟有机肥,施肥3-4天后在种植水草,水草覆盖面积占各池面积的40%,水温控制在24℃,溶氧在5mg/L,透明度应在25cm左右。
在7-8月沿池塘上方30-35%面积搭建95%遮光度的遮阳网。
(2)苗种放养:3月中旬,放养规格为2000只/kg体质健壮、无病无伤的虾苗种20kg/亩;虾苗投放时用3-4%的食盐水洗浴6-10min消毒。
(3)饵料投喂:放苗初期要定点投放颗粒饲料在周围水草带中,投放一周左右小虾就习惯性聚集在周围水草中攀爬摄,每天的投饵量以吃饱、吃完、不留残饵为准,每天投喂2次,早晚各1次,投料时间为早晨4-5点和傍晚17-18点;因小龙虾主要在夜间进食,晚上投喂量占全日饵料的75%,饵料要投在池边浅水中,大批虾蜕壳时少投,蜕壳后多投。
颗粒饲料其原料按重量份包括:鱼粉110份、豆粕40份、乳清蛋白3份、大豆秸秆7份、骨粉3份、菜籽粕2份、红薯7份、蚕蛹粉4份、磷酸氢钙6份、松针粉10份、虾青素3份、氯化胆碱1.2份、肌酸醇1份、硼砂3份。
(4)水质调控:春季水位一般保持在1m之间,每12-16d加水一次,每次加水6-8cm;夏季水位保持在1.4m,每6-9d换水一次,每次换水量为池塘水体的1/3。
(5)病害防治:5月上旬,在定期对水体进行消毒的同时,要在饲料中添加多维素、钙片、乳酸菌等以增强小龙虾的免疫力,每月用用一次纤虫净。
Claims (5)
1.一种小龙虾生态养殖方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
池塘的选择与建设:选择水源充足、水质清晰、无污染、排灌方便、保水能力强、土壤肥沃、面积3-5亩的池塘,水深1.2-1.5m,坡比1:1.8-2,池塘土质为壤土,放干池塘中的水,日晒3-5天,然后放入河水,并按350-400kg/亩施加腐熟有机肥,施肥3-4天后在种植水草,水草覆盖面积占各池面积的40-50%,水温控制在24℃,溶氧在5mg/L,透明度应在25cm左右;
(2)苗种放养:3月中旬,放养规格为2000只/kg体质健壮、无病无伤的虾苗种20kg/亩;
(3)饵料投喂:放苗初期要定点投放颗粒饲料在周围水草带中,投放一周左右小虾就习惯性聚集在周围水草中攀爬摄,每天的投饵量以吃饱、吃完、不留残饵为准,每天投喂2次,早晚各1次,因小龙虾主要在夜间进食,晚上投喂量占全日饵料的65-85%,饵料要投在池边浅水中,大批虾蜕壳时少投,蜕壳后多投;
(4)水质调控:春季水位一般保持在1-1.2m之间,每12-16d加水一次,每次加水6-8cm;夏季水位保持在1.3-1.5m,每6-9d换水一次,每次换水量为池塘水体的1/3;
(5)病害防治:5月上旬,在定期对水体进行消毒的同时,要在饲料中添加多维素、钙片、乳酸菌等以增强小龙虾的免疫力,每月用用一次纤虫净。
2.根据权利要求1所述的小龙虾生态养殖方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述颗粒饲料其原料按重量份包括:鱼粉100-120份、豆粕20-40份、乳清蛋白3-6份、大豆秸秆7-8份、骨粉3-5份、菜籽粕1-4份、红薯7-8份、蚕蛹粉3-6份、磷酸氢钙4-8份、松针粉6-12份、虾青素2-5份、氯化胆碱0.5-1.5份、肌酸醇1-3份、硼砂3-6份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的小龙虾生态养殖方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)在7-8月沿池塘上方30-35%面积搭建95%遮光度的遮阳网。
4.根据权利要求1所述的小龙虾生态养殖方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)饲料投料时间为早晨4-5点和傍晚17-18点。
5.根据权利要求1所述的小龙虾生态养殖方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述的虾苗投放时用3-4%的食盐水洗浴6-10min消毒。
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