CN110964665A - 一种用于胃切除术后治疗的益生菌组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于胃切除术后治疗的益生菌组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于胃切除术后治疗的益生菌组合物,其组成包括植物乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、动物双歧杆菌中的一种或多种,并提供了其作为胃切除术后治疗的医学配置品、食品和保健品的应用。本发明还提供了该益生菌组合物的生产制备方法。本发明选择的益生菌安全性好、针对性强、无毒副作用、价格低廉且能够实现工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物技术领域,具体涉及一种用于胃切除术后治疗的益生菌组合物及其生产制备方法。
背景技术
胃癌是常见的上消化道恶性肿瘤之一,胃癌的90%患者属于进展期胃癌,尽管目前采用了综合治疗手段,但预后效果仍不令人满意1。当前以根治性切除手术为主的综合治疗是进展期胃癌治疗的主要模式,手术提高了生存率,但手术创伤应激、炎症反应以及手术产生的一系列病理生理改变严重影响患者术后的恢复。最新研究表明,减少患者术后应激和炎症反应可以促进患者早期恢复,进而改善胃癌术后病人的远期预后2。因此围绕手术产生的影响,探索新的治疗方式以促进患者术后恢复、改善预后是当前胃癌治疗的重要任务之一。减少患者术后应激和炎症反应可以促进患者早期恢复,进而改善胃癌术后病人的远期预后。
胃肠道肿瘤术后手术应激、胃肠道结构和功能的改变以及预防性抗生素的应用会破坏人体消化道菌群的平衡,进而导致患者术后肠道屏障受损、引发肠源性感染3-5。有报道显示,胃癌胃切除术后肠道菌群失调以及肠粘膜屏障功能缺陷,可使肠道致病菌侵袭粘膜下层,在各种微生物抗原刺激下,激活体内免疫系统,细胞因子释放失衡,活化各种炎症细胞致肠粘膜组织产生炎症反应6;另外胃切除会导致革兰氏阴性菌比例增加,细菌细胞壁主要成分即脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharides,LPS)增加,加剧术后肠道炎症反应,导致白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平明显上升,肠粘膜屏障受损,肠道细菌易位(Bacteria Translocation),使肠道炎症进一步加重,形成恶性循环7-9。因此胃癌术后菌群失调、肠道屏障功能受损以及肠道炎症反应这三者之间关系密切,严重影响患者的围手术期恢复及预后10-11,深入认识这三者的相关因素及其调节机制,并探索恢复肠道菌群多样性、保护肠粘膜屏障、减轻术后炎症反应的方法,对于完善治疗措施、改善预后具有重要意义。
益生菌(Probiotics)是指投入后通过改善宿主肠道菌群生态平衡而发挥有益作用,达到提高宿主健康水平和健康状态的活菌制剂及其代谢产物12。基于分子生物学检测技术和细菌培养技术证实益生菌可以改变机体肠道微生物菌群的组成。常见的益生菌有包括乳杆菌、链球菌、双歧杆菌及一部分的大肠杆菌等。乳杆菌和双歧杆菌是胃肠道正常微生物区系中的重要成员并与宿主终生伴随,对于维护肠粘膜屏障(生物屏障)起重要作用,另外它还可以刺激免疫球蛋白的产生,诱导干扰素在巨噬细胞中的表达,增强宿主的抗炎免疫力13。益生菌对宿主胃肠道的保护,在于其可以维持宿主肠道屏障的完整性,益生菌可以分泌、合成抗细菌类物质;可以通过激活免疫及通透性相关信号通路,保护肠道粘膜上皮细胞,从而维持肠道内微生态稳定,发挥抗炎作用;益生菌还可以与肠道致病菌竞争肠道粘膜结合位点,使致病菌难以与其结合位点结合,从而发挥其保护宿主肠道的功能14-15。
现有技术中,已经有研究将益生菌应用于炎症的治疗。例如,中国专利CN102076360B中公开了一种分泌型免疫蛋白IgA和益生菌的组合物,其主要应用于治疗或预防炎症。但其中涉及到免疫蛋白,在生产制备上相对较为复杂。并且该发明中的组合物种类宽泛,作用对象没有针对性,因此难以达到对不同部位炎症的最佳治疗效果。
申请者团队初步研究发现,胃癌胃切除患者术后肠道菌群多样性,机体炎症、免疫、营养等指标均发生明显改变:1、肠道菌群变化特征:胃癌患者胃肠道微生物中链球菌增加,而益生菌双歧杆菌的百分比降低;对于胃癌术后口服临床上现有益生菌成品制剂的患者,厚壁菌门/拟杆菌的比率明显降低,而益生菌拟杆菌属,粪肠球菌属,艾克曼菌属的数量显著增加。2、肠道炎症反应特点:胃癌胃切除术后患者口服上述益生菌成品制剂,可显著降低术后炎症指标(白细胞,中性粒细胞和中性粒细胞百分比),增强机体免疫力(淋巴细胞和淋巴细胞百分比)等,有效地促进了胃癌患者术后恢复。
虽然上述益生菌取得了一定效果,但鉴于现有临床益生菌成品药多为老菌,且多含有肠球菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌等对人体健康有潜在威胁的“益生菌”16,因而,有必要筛选、优化组合有益菌,以增进益生菌的上述效果和安全性,且考虑到复合配制多种益生菌可以协同增强彼此功能或提高代谢能力,从而使制剂的功能更多、效果更好,而选择杆菌为主的益生菌组合增强其抗炎作用17。因此课题组从婺源“无癌村”(江西省上饶市婺源县赋春镇源头村)健康志愿者中进行细菌分离筛选,并与现有益生菌进行复配,最终得到4株效果良好的菌株,分别是植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillusrhamnosus)、动物双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium animalis)及嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillusacidophilus)。并对这4株益生菌进行了体外益生评价,结果表明,上述菌具有良好的耐酸、耐胆盐、细胞粘附、抑菌和抗氧化能力。
申请者团队将构建大鼠胃癌胃切除模型,利用筛选出的4株有益菌(植物乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌及动物双歧杆菌)制成益生菌复配制剂,采用分子生物学,高通量测序等技术,通过动物评价实验,观察益生菌复配制剂对胃癌胃切除SD大鼠术后肠道菌群多样性、炎症反应、肠粘膜屏障功能的调节作用。
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发明内容
本发明首次筛选了一种植物乳杆菌并体外评价4株益生菌(3株乳杆菌、1株双歧杆菌)用于合成复配制剂。
本发明通过构建大鼠胃癌胃切除模型,利用4株有益菌(植物乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌及动物双歧杆菌)制成益生菌复配制剂,采用分子生物学,高通量测序等技术,通过动物实验,观察益生菌复配制剂对胃癌胃切除SD大鼠术后肠道菌群多样性、炎症反应、肠粘膜屏障功能的调节作用。从分子水平、蛋白水平和菌株水平多角度揭示益生菌复配制剂在胃癌胃切除术后恢复肠道菌群平衡、抑制肠道炎症、加强肠道屏障的有益作用。
整体上,本发明提供了益生菌组合物在制备胃切除术后治疗或辅助治疗的药物、食品或保健品中的用途。益生菌组合物包括植物乳杆菌MH-301、动物双歧杆菌LPL-RH、鼠李糖乳杆菌LGG-18、嗜酸乳杆菌No.2。
一方面,本发明提供了一种用于胃切除术后治疗的益生菌组合物。
具体地,所述的益生菌组合物包括植物乳杆菌、动物双歧杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌中的一种或多种。
其中,所述的植物乳杆菌筛选自江西省上饶市婺源县赋春镇源头村(无癌村)健康志愿者的肠道菌。所述的植物乳杆菌为植物乳杆菌MH-301,保藏号为CGMCC No.18618,保藏时间为2019年09月26日,保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,其地址为:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所。
其中,所述的鼠李糖乳酸杆菌为鼠李糖乳杆菌LGG-18,保藏号为CGMCC No.14007,保藏时间为2017年04月07日,保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,其地址为:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所。
其中,所述的动物双歧杆菌为动物双歧杆菌LPL-RH,保藏号为CGMCC No.4599,保藏时间为2011年02月22日,保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,其地址为:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所。此菌种已于2011年8月17日在中国专利201110054259.0中公开,并于2012年11月28日获得授权。
其中,所述的嗜酸乳杆菌购买于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,其购买信息如下:
CGMCC | 1.2919 |
拉丁学名 | Lactobacillus acidophilus |
曾用名 | - |
中文译名 | 嗜酸乳杆菌 |
原始编号 | No.2 |
菌株来源 | 中国科学院微生物研究所 |
保藏人 | 刘英昊 |
直接来源国家 | 中国 |
保藏时间 | 1/28/2002 |
其他保藏编号 | - |
生物危害 | 四类 |
模式菌株 | 非模式菌株 |
菌株用途 | 发酵乳制品 |
培养温度 | 30℃ |
培养基 | 0006 |
其他培养条件 | - |
分离源 | - |
采集地点 | - |
采集国家 | - |
Genbank(保藏人) | - |
参考文献 | - |
价格 | B类 |
提供形式 | 冻干物 |
平台资源号 | 1511C0002100002700 |
备注:价格等级,A类500元一支,B类800元一支,C类1200元一支,D类邮件咨询。
优选地,所述益生菌组合物中植物乳杆菌、动物双歧杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌的配比为1∶1∶1∶1。进一步优选为109CFU:109CFU:109CFU:109CFU;进一步优选为108CFU:108CFU:108CFU:108CFU;进一步优选为107CFU:107CFU:107CFU:107CFU。
具体地,所述益生菌组合物可以是粉剂,颗粒剂,胶囊剂,片剂等剂型。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种用于胃切除术后治疗的医药配置品,所述的医药配置品包含上述益生菌组合物。
所述的医药配置品的剂型根据给药方式包括但不限于:经胃肠道给药剂型或非经胃肠道给药剂型。
所述的经胃肠道给药剂型包括但不限于散剂、片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、溶液剂、乳剂、混悬剂、油剂。
所述的非经胃肠道给药剂型包括但不限于:注射给药剂型、呼吸道给药剂型、皮肤给药剂型、粘膜给药剂型、腔道给药剂型。
所述的注射给药剂型包括但不限于:静脉注射剂、肌内注射剂、皮下注射剂、皮内注射剂、腔内注射剂。
所述的呼吸道给药剂型包括但不限于喷雾剂、气雾剂、粉雾剂。
所述的皮肤给药剂型包括但不限于外用溶液剂、洗剂、搽剂、软膏剂、硬膏剂、糊剂、贴剂。
所述的粘膜给药剂型包括但不限于滴眼剂、滴鼻剂、眼用软膏剂、含漱剂、舌下片剂、粘贴片及贴膜剂。
所述的腔道给药剂型包括但不限于栓剂、气雾剂、泡腾片、滴剂及滴丸剂。
所述的医药配置品还包括药学上可接受的辅料。所述的药学上可接受的辅料包括但不限于溶剂、乳化剂、崩解剂、增溶剂、抗氧剂、pH调节剂、渗透压调节剂、抑菌剂、稀释剂、润湿剂、粘合剂、成膜剂等。
所述的医药配置品还包括药学上可接受的辅料。所述的药学上可接受的辅料包括但不限于溶剂、乳化剂、崩解剂、增溶剂、抗氧剂、pH调节剂、渗透压调节剂、抑菌剂、稀释剂、润湿剂、粘合剂、成膜剂等。
再一方面,本发明提供了一种用于胃切除术后辅助治疗的食品,所述的食品包含上述益生菌组合物。
所述的食品的类型包括但不限于饼干、乳制品、代餐品、肉制品、酱汁、烘焙食品、酸奶、冰淇淋、发酵谷类基产品、果汁、米酒、糖果、糖浆、罐头食品、腌制品、调味品、豆制品、巧克力、馅料、茶制品、膨化食品等。
所述的食品还包括添加剂。
所述的食品添加剂包括但不限于防腐剂、酸度调节剂、抗结剂、消泡剂、抗氧化剂、漂白剂、膨松剂、胶基糖果中基础剂物质、着色剂、护色剂、乳化剂、酶制剂、增味剂、面粉处理剂、被膜剂、水分保持剂、营养强化剂、防腐剂、稳定剂和凝固剂、甜味剂、增稠剂、食品用天然香料、食品用合成香料等。
又一方面,本发明提供了一种用于胃切除术后辅助治疗的保健品,所述的保健品包含上述益生菌组合物。
所述保健品的功效包括但不限于:对胃黏膜损伤有辅助保护、调节肠道菌群、通便、减肥、促进消化、增强免疫力等。
所述保健品的类型包括但不限于:药酒、胶囊、片剂、冲剂、茶制品、果汁、水果醋、口服液、软胶囊、颗粒、发酵奶制品、发酵谷制品、发酵豆制品、蜜膏、露剂、散剂、鲜汁、代餐粉等。
所述保健品还包括添加剂。
所述保健品添加剂包括但不限于:香精香料、着色剂、甜味剂、酸味剂、增鲜剂、乳化剂、增稠剂、防腐剂、抗氧剂、营养强化剂等。
本发明中所述的医药配置品、食品、保健品的制备方法可采用本领域目前现有的以及未来研发出的相关制备方法。应当明确的是采用何种具体制备方法并不能作为对本申请保护范围的限定。无论采用目前已有的还是未来研发的制备方法,只要包含上述益生菌组合物,均在本申请要求保护的范围内。同时,所述的医药配置品、食品、保健品还可应用在其他手术术后治疗或辅助治疗、各种炎症、肠梗阻、便秘、腹泻、消化不良、呕吐、厌食症、精神性疾病、糖尿病、高血压、帕金森症的治疗或辅助治疗。
又一方面,本发明还提供了上述用于胃切除术后治疗的益生菌组合物的生产制备方法。
具体地,所述的生产制备方法包括针对上述益生菌组合物的任一或任几种的培养方法。
所述的培养方法包括但不限于:液体发酵法、固体发酵法、半固体发酵法。
所述的液体发酵法的类型包括但不限于分批发酵、连续发酵、补料分批发酵。
所述的固体发酵法的类型包括但不限于自然富集固态发酵、强化微生物混合固态发酵、限定微生物混合固态发酵、单菌固态纯种发酵。
所述的半固体发酵法的类型包括但不限于间歇式发酵。
所述的液体发酵法采用的培养基包括但不限于LB培养基、AAM-AS液体培养基、MRS培养基、PTYG培养基、PY培养基、YPD培养基、BSM培养基;及其改进的、变形的、优化的类型。
所述的固体发酵法采用的培养基包括但不限于LB固体培养基、YEB固体培养基、沙保罗琼脂培养基、R2A琼脂培养基、YPD固体培养基、BSM培养基;及其改进的、变形的、优化的类型。
所述半固体发酵法采用的培养基包括但不限于:LB培养基、YEB培养基、沙保罗琼脂培养基、R2A琼脂培养基、YPD培养基;及其改进的、变形的、优化的类型。
本发明筛选的菌株均来自于人体肠道,且选择的益生菌将会以乳酸菌和双歧杆菌为主,这些菌株在我国都被列为食品可用菌,可直接用于食品,安全且无任何毒副作用。本发明的益生菌组合物安全性好、针对性强、无毒副作用、价格低廉且能够实现工业化生产。
保藏说明
保藏地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所
保藏日期:2011年02月22日
菌种名称:动物双歧杆菌
拉丁名:Bifidobacterium animalis
菌株编号:LPL-RH
保藏机构:中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心
保藏机构简称:CGMCC
保藏中心登记入册编号:CGMCC No.4599
保藏地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所
保藏日期:2019年09月26日
菌种名称:植物乳杆菌
拉丁名:Lactobacillus plantarum
菌株编号:MH-301
保藏机构:中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心
保藏机构简称:CGMCC
保藏中心登记入册编号:CGMCC No.18618
保藏地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所
保藏日期:2017年04月07日
菌种名称:鼠李糖乳杆菌
拉丁名:Lactobacillus rhamnosus
菌株编号:LGG-18
保藏机构:中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心
保藏机构简称:CGMCC
保藏中心登记入册编号:CGMCC No.18082
保藏地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所
保藏日期:2002年01月28日
菌种名称:嗜酸乳杆菌
拉丁名:Lactobacillus acidophilus
菌株编号:No.2
保藏机构:中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心
保藏机构简称:CGMCC
保藏中心登记入册编号:CGMCC No.1.2919
附图说明
图1为四株益生菌耐酸实验结果。
图2为四株益生菌耐胆盐实验结果。
图3为四株益生菌抑菌实验结果。
图4为四株益生菌抗氧化能力实验结果。
图5为四株益生菌细胞黏附评价实验结果。
图6为动物实验大鼠体重变化曲线。
图7为动物实验大鼠血液评估中白细胞、促炎因子白介素1β,肿瘤坏死因子α的检测结果。
图8为动物实验大鼠肠道组织HE染色结果。
图9为动物实验通透性蛋白ZO-1的监测结果。
图10为动物实验高通量测序结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,对本发明作进一步详细的阐述,下述实施例不用于限制本发明,仅用于说明本发明。以下实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件,下述实施例中所使用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
基础实验例1:无癌村肠道益生菌的筛选
(1)粪便收集、处理及肠道微生物分离筛选(收集前均获得志愿者书面同意)
收集婺源无癌村健康志愿者(正常饮食、无癌症的健康人)、胃癌患者及胃癌胃切除患者(南昌大学第二附属医院)早晨第一次粪样(三个月内未服用抗生素,非素食者),立即转入密封厌氧塑料操作袋内(85%N2,5%H2,10%CO2)放置一小时,之后称取10g粪便样品到内置灭菌甘油的10mL的离心管内,甘油含量为样品的10%,用封口胶密封离心管口(以上操作在厌氧袋内完成)。迅速将样品保存在-80℃超低温冰箱中。
无菌采取粪便0.5-1.0g,加入试管中,添加无菌玻璃珠对收集的粪便进行充分振荡,混匀后进行10倍倍比稀释,选择合适浓度在选择培养基上培养计数。
(2)菌种筛选
利用革兰氏染色分离革兰氏阳性菌及阴性菌。
利用DNA提取试剂盒分离单菌基因组DNA。16SrDNA序列分析,在NCBI上运行BLAST程序,在Gene Bank中对克隆的目的基因进行同源性搜索,寻找具有较高同源性的16SrRNA序列,取相似度大于99%以上的序列做参考,做出鉴定。
(3)筛选结果
通过在三轮筛选中,利用平板计数、革兰氏染色和测序技术从无癌村民中分离和鉴定出的微生物如下所示:
菌株编号 | 比对结果 | 相似度(%) |
1 | Lactobacillus acidophilus | 99 |
2 | Weissella cibaria | 98 |
3 | Lactobacillus curvatus | 98 |
4 | Weissella confusa | 98 |
5 | Lactobacillus plantarum | 99 |
6 | Lactobacillus salivarius | 98 |
7 | Lactobacillus gasseri | 99 |
8 | Bifidobacterium animalis | 97 |
9 | Enterococcus faecium | 98 |
10 | Lactobacillus mucosae | 98 |
11 | PedioCOccus pentosaceus | 99 |
最终筛选得到植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)并已进行保藏。植物乳杆菌为植物乳杆菌MH-301,保藏号为CGMCC No.18618;保藏时间为2019年09月26日,保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,其地址为:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所。
复配使用的的三种菌为鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)、嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)、动物双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium animalis)。
其中,鼠李糖乳酸杆菌为鼠李糖乳杆菌LGG-18,保藏号为CGMCC No.14007,保藏时间为2017年04月07日,保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,其地址为:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所。
其中,动物双歧杆菌为动物双歧杆菌LPL-RH,保藏号为CGMCC No.4599,保藏时间为2011年02月22日,保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,其地址为:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所。此菌种已于2011年8月17日在中国专利201110054259.0中公开,并于2012年11月28日获得授权。
其中,所述的嗜酸乳杆菌购买于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,其购买信息如下:
CGMCC | 1.2919 |
拉丁学名 | Lactobacillus acidophilus |
曾用名 | - |
中文译名 | 嗜酸乳杆菌 |
原始编号 | No.2 |
菌株来源 | 中国科学院微生物研究所 |
保藏人 | 刘英昊 |
直接来源国家 | 中国 |
保藏时间 | 1/28/2002 |
其他保藏编号 | - |
生物危害 | 四类 |
模式菌株 | 非模式菌株 |
菌株用途 | 发酵乳制品 |
培养温度 | 30℃ |
培养基 | 0006 |
其他培养条件 | - |
分离源 | - |
采集地点 | - |
采集国家 | - |
Genbank(保藏人) | - |
参考文献 | - |
价格 | B类 |
提供形式 | 冻干物 |
平台资源号 | 1511C0002100002700 |
备注:价格等级,A类500元一支,B类800元一支,C类1200元一支,D类邮件咨询。
基础实验例2:菌株性能测试
筛选的益生菌耐酸、耐胆盐、抗氧化、抑菌、细胞粘附和抑制致病菌粘附
针对上述四株菌株进行耐酸、耐碱盐、抑菌性、抗氧化、细胞黏附评价实验,均采用实验室常规技术,不赘述。
耐酸实验结果(图1)表明,所有选用菌株均可耐受pH2.5以上的酸度,因此所选分离株均可安全、大量耐受胃酸(胃酸pH约为2.5-4.0)后进入肠道,发挥益生效果。
耐胆盐实验结果(图2)表明筛选菌株对胆盐耐受能力有差异,4株菌在胆盐浓度3%中长势良好。
抑菌实验结果(图3)表明,尽管筛选菌株对上述致病菌的抑制有个体差异,甚至对某些致病菌不具备抑制效果,但是单独每株筛选菌均可抑制绝大部分致病菌的生长,因此后期可对上述益生菌进行复配,解决单独菌株不能全面抑菌的问题。
抗氧化性实验结果如图4所示,通过与文献报道中的乳酸菌抗氧化活性的比较,可以看出这4株菌都有一定的抗氧化活性。
细胞黏附评价实验结果如图5所示,表明所筛选益生菌对肠上皮细胞具有非常强的粘附能力。
实施例1动物实验评价益生菌复配制剂对大鼠胃癌术后肠道炎症及肠道屏障的影响
(1)动物实验分组,造模及标本收集
1)动物分组:SPF级雄性SD大鼠48只,6-7w龄,体质量140-180g,随机分为4组:对照组(C组),模型组(M组)、低浓度益生菌治疗组(LT组)、高浓度益生菌治疗组(HT组),每组12只大鼠。
2)模型构建:
①胃癌模型构建:
除空白对照组常规饲养外,其余各组大鼠使用N-甲基-N’-硝基-N-亚硝基胍(MNNG)溶液自由饮用,其中MNNG的浓度为150μg/mL;2%水杨酸钠溶液灌胃1次/日,2mL/次,55℃、15%NaCl灌胃1次/日,0.5mL/次。灌胃前后各1h禁食禁水;再结合2d饱食,1d饥饿的饥饱失常,制备胃癌大鼠模型。整个制备过程共计24w。造模24w后,随机选取2只大鼠处死,取胃黏膜做病检,以证明是否符合胃癌的病理诊断。每日观察各组大鼠的毛色、精神状态、进食进水量、大便、体重变化、活动及存活情况等。
②SD大鼠胃切除模型构建:
根据病理情况、体重、生存情况等择期行手术组大鼠胃切除术,根据临床手术方式,本研究选择临床使用较多的毕Ⅰ术式。胃切除术后恢复饲料饮食同时根据分组予以益生菌复配制剂喂养,其中对照组:每日以饮用水自由饮;模型组:每日以生理盐水自由饮;低浓度益生菌治疗组:每日以浓度为1×107CFU/mL益生菌复配制剂自由饮。高浓度益生菌治疗组:每日以浓度为1×109CFU/mL益生菌复配制剂自由饮。
在给药第4w末,将各组大鼠禁食禁水24h后,予10%水合氯醛溶液3mL/kg腹腔注射麻醉并处死。
3)标本收集:
①体重测量:造模前称重,之后每3d测量大鼠体重,术前1w和术后1w每天称重,术后2w后每3d测量大鼠体重。连续测得3个稳定值为主,然后取其平均值作为1日的体重值。清晨测量,每次体重测量前禁食12h,不禁水,用上述方法获得最终数值结果并记录。
②血液标本收集:术前1d,术后10d、20d取大鼠尾静脉血检测生化指标。
③粪便收集:术前1d、术后10d、术后20d收集大鼠粪便于1.5mL EP中,迅速冻存于-80℃备用。
④肠道组织、肝脏及脾脏的采集:每组大鼠,分别将空肠、回肠、十二指肠和结肠及其内容物收集于无菌的EP中,液氮速冻,保存于-80℃冰箱。
分离肝脏、脾脏组织并称重,计算脾脏/体重、肝脏/体重比。用PBS缓冲液冲洗各肠段残留的内容物、肝脏及脾脏残留的血迹,将这些组织切成合适大小的片段,一部分分装于1.5mL EP中,-80℃储存,用于检测蛋白质表达,另一部分浸泡在4%的多聚甲醛中,4℃储存,用于HE染色和免疫组化染色。
(2)益生菌复配制剂干预肠内炎症的动物实验
1)血清学检测ELISA检测大鼠血清炎症因子:白细胞、促炎因子白介素1β,肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)。
将收集于血清分离管中的全血标本在室温放置2h或4℃过夜,然后3500r/min离心20min,取上清,将上清置于-20℃或-80℃保存,避免反复冻融。其中,血常规送医院检测。血液中炎性指标参照ELISA试剂盒说明书。
2)Western blot法检测大鼠肠粘膜组织标本中炎性蛋白和通透性蛋白。
①组织蛋白的提取及变性(冰上操作):融解RIPA裂解液,混匀。取适量的裂解液,在使用前数分钟内加入PMSF,使PMSF的最终浓度为1mol/L。对于组织,先进行组织匀浆,之后加入裂解液。离心取上清。变性后存放于-80℃保存。
②BCA法测定样品中蛋白含量:取1.2mL蛋白标准配制液加入到一管蛋白标准(30mg BSA)中,充分溶解后配制成25mg/mL的蛋白标准溶液。取适量25mg/mL蛋白标准,稀释至终浓度为0.5mg/mL。配制BCA工作液,BCA工作液室温24h内稳定。将标准品按0、1、2、4、8、12、16、20uL加到96孔板的标准品孔中,加标准品稀释液补足到20μL。分别将样品稀释10倍、20倍的比例加入到96孔板中,补足稀释液到20μL。向蛋白标准品和样品孔中都加入200μLBCA工作液,并充分混匀。37℃温浴30min,冷却至室温。酶标仪562nm波长测定吸光度。制作标准曲线,从标准曲线中求出蛋白浓度。
③Western blot操作步骤:准备,将两块干净玻璃板对齐,垂直卡在灌胶支架上。加入双蒸水至小玻板上缘,等待20-30min,评估液面下降情况,检漏后倒掉水液并用滤纸吸干。SDS-PAGE凝胶配制。充分变性蛋白。上样。浓缩胶和分离胶所使用的电泳参数:80V,30min和120V,60min,恒流转膜。转膜完毕后,封闭,恒温摇床孵育2h。在4℃恒温摇床一抗孵育过夜。TBST洗涤3次,每次10min。二抗室温下孵育2h。TBST洗涤3次,每次10min。
使用ECL发光试剂盒(赛默飞A38555)检测目标蛋白。具体操作步骤与试剂盒说明书一致。
3)大鼠胃组织及肠道组织病理检测。
①肉眼观察:观察选取大鼠胃黏膜的色泽、胃壁厚薄、伸展性、有无糜烂、出血点及增生结节等病理组织形态学改变,从肉眼观察病变严重处取2cm×2cm纵切条状组织,4%多甲醛固定24h后石蜡包埋备用,HE染色做病理组织学观察。切片行HE染色后,镜下观察各组大鼠胃黏膜腺体萎缩、肠上皮化生及异型增生情况。
②病理切片制作步骤:取大鼠胃组织及回肠组织,约3×3-3×5mm。将取出的材料立即投入4%多聚甲醛内固定,6h左右。脱水、透蜡,将材料移置二甲苯加石蜡内,放入60T温箱内,时间约30min,然后移入石蜡Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ,使石蜡逐渐透入组织。每级时间约1h内。包埋,将标本蜡块装在切片机上,切成5-7μm的薄片,然后把切片放在温水皿中展开。将展开的组织切片移在载玻片上,放在40℃温箱中24h烘干,进行HE染色。
4)粪便细菌总DNA提取及高通量测序,步骤如下:
a、取储藏在-80℃的无菌收集粪便样品约100mg于2ml螺口管(BioSpec)中。
b、向2ml螺口管中加入700μl的裂解缓冲液和0.4g锆珠(0.35g/0.1mm,0.05g/0.5mm,BioSpec),混匀,并将研磨管放入Mini-BeadbeaterTM(Biospec,Bartlesville,OK,USA),研磨完毕离心(12000rmp,10min),弃上清。
c、向沉淀中加入600μL裂解液、200μL Tris饱和酚和0.3-0.4g玻璃珠,振荡5min,离心(12000rmp,10min)。
d、移取上清至一新的1.5mL离心管中,加入250μL10M乙酸铵,-20℃放置10min,离心(12000rmp,10min)。
e、移取上清至一新的1.5mL离心管中,加入300μL氯仿:异戊醇(24:1)和300μLTris饱和酚,离心(12000rmp,10min),重复2次。
f、移取上清至一新的离心管中,加入600μL氯仿:异戊醇,离心(12000rmp,10min),重复2次。
g、移取上清至一新的离心管中,加入等体积异戊醇,-20℃放30min。
h、4℃下,离心(12000rmp,10min),弃上清,使用70%冰冷的乙醇洗涤沉淀2次,自然干燥。
i、向干燥后的离心管中加入TE(pH=8.0)50μL,同时添加1~5μL DNA free-RNAase(10mg/mL)以去除RNA。
j、提取的DNA通过1.0%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测其DNA完整性。
k、PCR扩增:稀释后的基因组DNA为模板;根据测序区域的选择,使用带Barcode的特异引物;使用New England Biolabs公司的High-Fidelity PCR Master Mixwith GC Buffer。使用高效和高保真的酶进行PCR,确保扩增效率和准确性。引物对应区域:16S V3-V4区引物为338F-806R。
l、PCR产物的混样和纯化:PCR产物使用2%浓度的琼脂糖凝胶进行电泳检测;根据PCR产物浓度进行等浓度混样,充分混匀后使用2%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测PCR产物,使用Thermo Scientific公司的GeneJET胶回收试剂盒回收产物。
m、文库构建和上机测序
使用New England Biolabs公司的NEBUltraTMDNA Library Prep Kit forIllumina建库试剂盒进行文库的构建,构建好的文库经过Qubit定量和文库检测,合格后,使用MiSeq进行上机测序。
5)荧光显微镜下观察ZO-1在细胞内的分布
取各组肠道组织,匀浆,PBS洗3min,4%多聚甲醛(pH7.4)固定15min。用PBS洗5min,以0.1%Triton X-100透明处理10min。PBS洗1遍滴加6%正常山羊血清,室温下1h。弃去山羊血清后,滴加鬼笔环肽(用PBS按125:1稀释),置于室温下30min。PBS振洗1min×10次,荧光显微镜下观察ZO-1在细胞内的分布。
(3)结果分析
1)各组大鼠体重变化如图6所示,服用益生菌的小鼠相对于模型组后期体重有所上升,且高剂量组体重效果更明显。
2)对血液进行评估,发现造模后,小鼠血液中白细胞、促炎因子白介素1β,肿瘤坏死因子α等显著升高。服用益生菌可改善上述症状,且益生菌剂量高的组别效果更好。(图7)
3)图8为HE染色结果,与空白组(C)相比,模型组(M)炎性细胞浸润增加,甚至出现细胞损伤。但是低剂量益生菌治疗组(PL)和高剂量益生菌治疗组(PH)均可显著降低细胞炎性浸润和损伤,其中高剂量益生菌治疗组的效果更好。
4)图9为通透性蛋白ZO-1的监测结果,其表明益生菌确实可以促进ZO-1蛋白的表达量,有助于防止有害菌的移位和易位。
3)高通量测序结果(图10)表明,模型组的益生菌如Akkermansia、lactobacillus显著下降,但是补充益生菌可恢复有益菌Akkermansia、lactobacillus的数量,且高剂量益生菌治疗组效果更好。
Claims (10)
1.一株植物乳杆菌,其特征在于,所述植物乳杆菌的保藏号为CGMCC No.18618,保藏时间为2019年09月26日,保藏单位为中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,其地址为:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所。
2.一株鼠李糖乳杆菌,其特征在于,所述鼠李糖乳杆菌的保藏号为CGMCC No.14007,保藏时间为2017年04月07日,保藏单位为中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,其地址为:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所。
3.一种用于胃切除术后治疗的益生菌组合物,其特征在于,所述的益生菌组合物包括植物乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、动物双歧杆菌中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的益生菌组合物,其特征在于,所述的植物乳杆菌的保藏号为CGMCC No.18618;所述的鼠李糖乳杆菌的保藏号为CGMCC No.14007;所述的动物双歧杆菌保藏号为CGMCC No.4599;所述的嗜酸乳杆菌保藏号为CGMCC No.1.2919。
5.根据权利要求4所述的益生菌组合物,其特征在于,所述的植物乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、动物双歧杆菌的菌数比例为1:1:1:1。
6.根据权利要求5所述的益生菌组合物,其特征在于,所述的植物乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、动物双歧杆菌的比例为109CFU:109CFU:109CFU:109CFU。
7.一种用于胃切除术后治疗的医药配置品,其特征在于:所述的医药配置品包括权利要求3-6任意一项所述的益生菌组合物。
8.一种用于胃切除术后辅助治疗的食品,其特征在于:所述的食品包括权利要求3-6任意一项所述的益生菌组合物。
9.一种用于胃切除术后辅助治疗的保健品,其特征在于:所述的保健品包括权利要求3-6任意一项所述的益生菌组合物。
10.权利要求3-6所述的益生菌组合物在制备胃切除手术或其他手术术后治疗或辅助治疗的药物、食品或保健品中的用途;在制备治疗或辅助治疗各种炎症的药物、食品或保健品中的用途;在制备治疗或辅助治疗肠梗阻、便秘、腹泻、消化不良、呕吐、厌食症的药品、食品或保健品中的用途;在制备治疗或辅助治疗精神性疾病、糖尿病、高血压、帕金森症的药品、食品或保健品中的用途。
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