CN1109476A - 聚合物中亚砜基团的还原方法 - Google Patents
聚合物中亚砜基团的还原方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1109476A CN1109476A CN94117054A CN94117054A CN1109476A CN 1109476 A CN1109476 A CN 1109476A CN 94117054 A CN94117054 A CN 94117054A CN 94117054 A CN94117054 A CN 94117054A CN 1109476 A CN1109476 A CN 1109476A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- reaction
- active hydrogen
- carry out
- group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 125000003375 sulfoxide group Chemical group 0.000 title description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical class C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003968 arylidene group Chemical group [H]C(c)=* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003960 triphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006552 photochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- -1 polyphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018089 Al Ka Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007540 photo-reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000412 polyarylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002265 electronic spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009905 homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000011117 substance-related disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012745 toughening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/18—Polysulfoxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/02—Polythioethers
- C08G75/0204—Polyarylenethioethers
- C08G75/0209—Polyarylenethioethers derived from monomers containing one aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/02—Polythioethers
- C08G75/0204—Polyarylenethioethers
- C08G75/0209—Polyarylenethioethers derived from monomers containing one aromatic ring
- C08G75/0213—Polyarylenethioethers derived from monomers containing one aromatic ring containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen or sulfur
- C08G75/0218—Polyarylenethioethers derived from monomers containing one aromatic ring containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen or sulfur containing oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/02—Polythioethers
- C08G75/0204—Polyarylenethioethers
- C08G75/025—Preparatory processes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及聚合物硫醚的制备方法，该方法包括
a)热或，b)活性氢存在下或，c)光化学处理含式(I)的
亚砜连接基团的化合物，式中符号和系数的含义见说
明书，以及还原得到相应的硫醚。
Description
本发明涉及将聚合化合物中亚砜连接基团用光化学还原、化学还原或热还原选择性还原为硫醚。
已知有机亚砜能被均相催化氢化，如用钯/活性碳（K.Ogura et al.，Synthesis，June 1975，P385）还原。但是该方法还适用于多相状态（即在悬浮体中），因为不能完全地将活性碳从所希望的产物中除去，所以这一技术不能用在极耐化学品的聚合物如对聚亚苯基亚砜中。此外，将通常已知反应移用到聚合物上是不可能的。
因此，本发明的目的是开发使亚砜连接基团反应成为相应的硫醚的方法，甚至在耐化学品聚合物中也可以。
因此，本发明涉及：
聚合物硫醚的制备方法，该方法包括：
a）热或
b）用活性氢或
c）光化学
处理含式Ⅰ的亚砜连接基团的化合物，
式中符号和系数的含义如下：
Ar1、Ar2、Ar3及Ar4是相同的或不相同的具有6-18个碳原子的亚芳基系，
W、X、Y及Z是相同的或不同的-SO2-、-S-、-SO-、-CO-、-O-、-CO2-、具有1-6个碳原子，优选1-4个碳原子的亚烷基或RCH＝亚烷基团，其中连接基团W、X、Y或Z中至少一个必须是-SO-基团，
n、m、i、j、k、l、o及p是相同的或不同的，为0或整数1、2、3或4，它们的总和必须至少是2，
以及还原得到相应的硫醚。
优选的式Ⅰ化合物是聚亚芳基亚砜和/或含式（Ⅱ）重复单元的聚亚芳基硫醚/亚砜，它们的制备方法已在专利申请P4314736.4和P4314735.6中公开。
在式（Ⅱ）化合物中氧与硫之比≤1并＞o，a和b的总和总是1，因此当b为1时a为o。在式（Ⅱ）中Ar5和Ar6是相同的或不相同的亚萘基、二-或三亚苯基或亚苯基。
特别优选的化合物是那些含式（Ⅲ）重复单元的化合物
式中氧与硫之比及a与b的定义如上所述。
通常，适用本发明的聚合物的平均分子量为4000-200，000g/mol，优选10，000-150，000g/mol，具体说为25，000-100，000g/mol，分子量用GPC测定。
根据本发明，聚合物中亚砜基团可在不同介质中用活性氢还原。该反应或能在悬浮液中或能直接进行。在此情况下反应温度和持续时间取决于氢的活性和所还原聚合物层的厚度。
在Bronsted酸中氢化的情况下，可通过添加其电极电势低于氢的贱金属来生成氢。为此目的在工业上常用的金属是铁和锌，在此铁和锌只是作为实例而提及的。还原反应在30℃-120℃温度下进行，优选50℃-100℃，特别优选50℃-90℃。根据所述还原部分的厚度，反应时间在1小时至24小时之间，优选在2至20小时之间，特别优选在4与20小时之间。
根据本发明，在高压釜中也能与活性氢进行直接反应，在此情况下，聚合物在压力为10巴-300巴，优选为20巴-250巴，特别优选为30巴-200巴的氢气氛下和温度为60℃-220℃，优选80℃-200℃，特别优选100℃-200℃下进行还原反应。根据所还原部分的厚度和形态，反应时间在1小时与36小时之间，优选4与30小时之间，特别优选8与24小时之间。
在高压釜中也能实现在链长为C1-C5的饱和脂族醇和/或链长为C1-C5饱和脂族羧酸中的悬浮氢化反应。氢化反应在氢气压力为10-300巴，优选20-250巴，特别优选30-200巴和温度为40℃-180℃，优选60℃-160℃下发生。
氢活化的另一可能方法是添加溶于非氧化性酸的催化剂，如Raney镍。根据所还原部分的厚度，反应时间为1小时与24小时之间，优选为2小时与20小时之间，特别优选为4小时与20小时之间。
也能在通常的真空设备中用光化学方法进行反应，真空设备装置有能量范围为0.5-1，000，000，000ev之间，优选0.5-100，000，000ev或特别优选0.5-50，000，000ev的能源。该设备的辐射密度能在0.1μm/cm2s至1000GW/cm2s范围内变化。所用的辐射源可以是光子源如同步辐射或紫外灯，或电子束源，根据本发明温度范围为4K-600K，优选270-550K，特别优选275K-520K。根据辐射密度，处理时间的为30秒至48小时，优选1分钟至36小时，特别优选为1分钟至24小时。
也能用热还原方法，如在通常的真空炉中压力范围为10巴与10-11毫巴之间，优选为1巴-10-9毫巴之间，特别优选1巴-10-8毫巴和温度范围为100与600℃之间，优选120-500℃，特别优选120℃-400℃进行还原。在指定的温度和压力范围内在空气中或在保护性气氛如N2、O2或稀有气体中还原也是可能的。处理时间取决于压力和温度，其范围为1分钟至100小时，优选1分钟至72小时，特别优选1分钟至48小时。
所还原的聚合物可以是粉末状、纤维状或模压制品，在这种情况下还原的程度极大地取决于形态、结晶度、温度、处理时间和压力。粉末状聚合物的粒子大小即市售的粒子大小，粒状的也是可利用的。如果聚合物作为纤维使用，如制成短纤维、针刺毛毡、无纺材料、纱条或织物。薄膜或薄膜切片也可被采用。
在聚亚芳基的还原中，聚合物反应到相应的聚亚芳基硫醚阶段。以这种方法制备的聚亚芳基硫醚能用于至今已知的任何用途中，如用于注模方法生产模压制品。
聚亚芳基硫醚可以未切断的形状供模压制品生产。但是，添加常用的填料，如白垩、滑石白土、云母和/或纤维状增强剂、如玻璃纤维和碳纤维、晶须以及另外一些常用的添加剂和加工助剂，如润滑剂、脱模剂、抗氧剂及紫外稳定剂也是可能的。
还可以制成纤维和和薄膜。薄膜可进行单轴或双轴拉伸，纤维可不拉伸或拉伸。
此外，所生成的聚亚芳基硫醚依照德国专利申请P4314734可用作臭氧过滤材料或依照德国专利申请P4328405.7-27可用作氮氧化物的过滤材料，从而使它们反应形成相应的亚砜。这就意味着根据本发明的方法也可使这类过滤材料重复利用。
实施例
1）根据德国专利申请4314736.4制备聚亚苯基亚砜。
2）化学还原。
将2g对聚亚苯基亚砜加入到80℃的200ml稀盐酸中，然后在4小时内加入13g锌，滤出留下的聚合物、洗涤至中性并干燥，产物1.9g。
化学分析电子光谱（ESCA）研究硫2P信号（图1）表明33%亚砜基团已被还原。
3）光化学还原：
将聚亚苯基亚砜用能量为20ev的光子（市售UPS灯，UVS10/35型、Specs GmbH，Berlin辐射）或1200-14000ev的光子（市售ESCA仪器的非单色Mg Ka.PhI5500，Physical Electronics Gmbit，Ismaning辐射）辐照。试样在室温下置于超高真空中，经辐照60分钟后，该试样用同样ESCA仪器以单色Al Ka辐射进行分析。分析结果列于表1中。
表1所列数据其光子源为20/40ev及1253-14000ev。
4）热还原：
下述是根据1）的聚亚苯基亚砜在不同条件下进行的实施例：
图2显示的是市售ESCA仪器用单色Al Ka辐射下记录的ESCA S2P光谱，还原反应在10-9mbar的超高真空和280℃温度下进行，时间：10小时。成为PPS的转化率是定量的。用熔点测定来检验转变为PPS的体积也是可能的。
图3显示试样在管式炉玻璃装置中于290℃加热5小时后的ESCA S2p光谱。该装置内的压力约10-5mbar，该装置用涡轮分子泵和旋转叶轮泵抽真空。可以判别几乎完全转变为PPS，甚至在ESCA光谱中也可看出。另外记录的红外光谱表明试样中已不再有任何亚砜基团。
图4显示试样在290℃空气中加热4小时后的ESCA S2p光谱，热处理是在市售的密闭炉中无附加的气流下进行的。S2p信号的ESCA光谱显示出定量还原成PPS，该结果已为红外光谱分析所证实。
Claims (8)
1、制备聚合物硫醚的方法，该方法包括：
a)热或
b)活性氢存在下或
c)光化学
处理含式Ⅰ的亚砜连接基团的化合物，
式中符号和系数的含义如下：
Ar1、Ar2、Ar3及Ar4是相同的或不相同的具有6-18个碳原子的亚芳基体系，
W、X、Y及Z是相同的或不同的-SO2-、-S-、-SO-、-CO-、-O-、-CO2-、具有1-6个碳原子，优选1-4个碳原子的亚烷基或RCH=型亚烷基团，其中连接基团W、X、Y或Z中至少一个必须是-SO-基团，
n、m、i、j、k、l、o及p是相同的或不同的，为0或整数1、2、3或4，它们的总和必须至少是2，
以及还原得到相应的硫醚。
2、根据权利要求1的方法，其中采用含式（Ⅱ）重复单元的化合物
其中Ar5和Ar6是亚萘基、二或三亚苯基或亚苯基以及式中氧与硫之比是≤1并＞o，a和b的总和总是1。
3、根据权利要求2的方法，其中所采用的重复单元是式Ⅲ
4、根据权利要求1-3中一项或多项的方法，其中反应是用由加入电极电势低于氢的贱金属而产生的活性氢进行的。
5、根据权利要求1-3中一项或多项的方法，其中与活性氢的反应是在高压釜中均相状态下进行的。
6、根据权利要求1-3中一项或多项的方法，其中与活性氢的反应是在高压釜中，在C1-C5饱和脂族醇和/或饱和脂族羧酸中以悬浮氢化的方法进行的。
7、根据权利要求1-3中一项或多项的方法，其中光化学反应是用能量范围为0.5-1，000，000，000ev之间的辐射源进行的。
8、根据权利要求1-3中一项或多项的方法，其中热反应是在压力范围为1bar-10-9mbar、温度为100℃与600℃之间的真空炉中进行。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4334198A DE4334198A1 (de) | 1993-10-07 | 1993-10-07 | Verfahren zur Reduktion von Sulfoxidgruppen in Polymeren |
| DEP4334198.5 | 1993-10-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1109476A true CN1109476A (zh) | 1995-10-04 |
Family
ID=6499620
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94117054A Pending CN1109476A (zh) | 1993-10-07 | 1994-10-05 | 聚合物中亚砜基团的还原方法 |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0648798A1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPH07179608A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR950011505A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1109476A (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU7417794A (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR9404005A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2133802A1 (zh) |
| CZ (1) | CZ246994A3 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE4334198A1 (zh) |
| HU (1) | HUT70861A (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL305330A1 (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU94037244A (zh) |
| TW (1) | TW283154B (zh) |
| ZA (1) | ZA947811B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100417086B1 (ko) * | 1995-12-30 | 2004-06-23 | 고려화학 주식회사 | 열및자외선동시경화형수지를이용한도막조성물 |
| US7169615B2 (en) | 2003-11-26 | 2007-01-30 | General Electric Company | Method of authenticating polymers, authenticatable polymers, methods of making authenticatable polymers and authenticatable articles, and articles made there from |
| US7094364B2 (en) | 2003-11-26 | 2006-08-22 | General Electric Company | Method of authenticating polymers, authenticatable polymers, methods of making authenticatable polymers and authenticatable articles, and articles made there from |
-
1993
- 1993-10-07 DE DE4334198A patent/DE4334198A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1994
- 1994-09-17 TW TW083108620A patent/TW283154B/zh active
- 1994-09-23 AU AU74177/94A patent/AU7417794A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-10-04 EP EP94115585A patent/EP0648798A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-10-05 CN CN94117054A patent/CN1109476A/zh active Pending
- 1994-10-05 HU HU9402851A patent/HUT70861A/hu unknown
- 1994-10-06 CZ CZ942469A patent/CZ246994A3/cs unknown
- 1994-10-06 BR BR9404005A patent/BR9404005A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-10-06 RU RU94037244/04A patent/RU94037244A/ru unknown
- 1994-10-06 KR KR1019940025510A patent/KR950011505A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-10-06 PL PL94305330A patent/PL305330A1/xx unknown
- 1994-10-06 ZA ZA947811A patent/ZA947811B/xx unknown
- 1994-10-06 CA CA002133802A patent/CA2133802A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-10-07 JP JP6244148A patent/JPH07179608A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CZ246994A3 (en) | 1995-04-12 |
| AU7417794A (en) | 1995-04-27 |
| DE4334198A1 (de) | 1995-04-13 |
| ZA947811B (en) | 1995-05-24 |
| HUT70861A (en) | 1995-11-28 |
| EP0648798A1 (de) | 1995-04-19 |
| HU9402851D0 (en) | 1995-01-30 |
| PL305330A1 (en) | 1995-04-18 |
| TW283154B (zh) | 1996-08-11 |
| RU94037244A (ru) | 1996-09-10 |
| KR950011505A (ko) | 1995-05-15 |
| CA2133802A1 (en) | 1995-04-08 |
| BR9404005A (pt) | 1995-06-27 |
| JPH07179608A (ja) | 1995-07-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Gombotz et al. | Immobilization of poly (ethylene oxide) on poly (ethylene terephthalate) using a plasma polymerization process | |
| Lunkwitz et al. | Modification of fluoropolymers by means of electron beam irradiation | |
| EP0353471B1 (en) | UV curable polymer formulation | |
| Bhat et al. | Investigation of plasma-induced photochemical reaction on a polypropylene surface | |
| US5171760A (en) | UV curable polymer formulation | |
| JPWO2011013686A1 (ja) | ポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造方法 | |
| US20160264687A1 (en) | Electron beam pre-treatment of inorganic and polymer surfaces for bonding of detectable marker molecules | |
| Zou et al. | Plasma-induced graft polymerization of poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate on poly (tetrafluoroethylene) films for reduction in protein adsorption | |
| WO2010011725A2 (en) | Crosslinkers and materials produced using them | |
| CN1109476A (zh) | 聚合物中亚砜基团的还原方法 | |
| JPH11501077A (ja) | シアネートエステル単量体またはオリゴマーおよびポリオールを含むエネルギー重合性組成物 | |
| JP4124471B2 (ja) | 金属表面の処理方法 | |
| US5705539A (en) | Curing polyketones with high energy radiation | |
| JP2688050B2 (ja) | エチレン性不飽和単量体およびポリアリールシアネートエステル成分を含む硬化性組成物 | |
| Choi et al. | Radiation-induced grafting of inorganic particles onto polymer backbone: A new method to design polymer-based nanocomposite | |
| Zaharescu et al. | Behaviour of ethylene-propylene elastomers in salt solutions: I. SEM investigation of gamma irradiation effects | |
| Brennan et al. | Surface modification of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers by γ-radiation-induced grafting | |
| JP3621533B2 (ja) | 多官能エステルアクリレートを用いた硬化性樹脂組成物 | |
| US5670586A (en) | Polyketones with enhanced tribological properties | |
| Alonso et al. | Active screen plasma system applied to polymer surface modification: Poly (lactic acid) surface activation before polyaniline graft polymerization in aqueous medium | |
| Abd El All | Investigations on the electrical and structural properties of electron-beam irradiated polyurethane | |
| RU2211228C2 (ru) | Способ терморадиационной обработки изделий из политетрафторэтилена | |
| Thorat et al. | Effect of low energy Ar+ ion irradiation on polycarbonate | |
| Zou et al. | Plasma-induced graft polymerization of poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate on Si (100) surfaces for reduction in protein adsorption and platelet adhesion | |
| JP2005113116A (ja) | テトラフルオロエチレンポリマーアロイおよびその製造方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C01 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application (patent law 1993) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |