CN110939424B - Well-free underground coal gasification ignition method - Google Patents

Well-free underground coal gasification ignition method Download PDF

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CN110939424B
CN110939424B CN201911177619.9A CN201911177619A CN110939424B CN 110939424 B CN110939424 B CN 110939424B CN 201911177619 A CN201911177619 A CN 201911177619A CN 110939424 B CN110939424 B CN 110939424B
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ignition
directional
well
perforating
gun
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CN110939424A (en
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周曌
鲁坤
马涛
陈政
刘超瑾
同剑
李哲雨
王峰
魏领
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Northern Special Energy Group Co.,Ltd.
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Xi'an Wuhua Juneng Blasting Equipment Co ltd
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/295Gasification of minerals, e.g. for producing mixtures of combustible gases

Abstract

A well-free coal underground gasification ignition method belongs to the technical field of coal underground gasification; drilling a U-shaped well in a coal seam, wherein a horizontal section at the bottom of the U-shaped well is positioned in an underground coal seam, a vertical section at one end is an injection well, and a vertical section at the other end is a production well; firstly, a perforation hole channel is punched in a coal seam by using a perforation device, then an ignition device is adopted, and after an ignition bullet burns, generated high-temperature gas and flame enter the coal seam perforation hole channel to burn the coal seam. The invention can control the combustion time by adjusting the number of the ignition bullets according to the ignition difficulty of different coal beds, and has the advantages of simple construction, short ignition time, safety and reliability.

Description

Well-free underground coal gasification ignition method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underground coal gasification, and particularly relates to a well-free underground coal gasification ignition method.
Background
Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is a process in which Coal located Underground is subjected to controlled combustion to produce combustible gases by thermal and chemical action on the Coal. The process is mainly realized in a gasification channel of an underground gasification furnace. The principle and process of underground coal gasification are completely the same as those of ground gas plant for producing coal gas, and the product is the same, except that the former method belongs to chemical coal mining method, and is characterized by that the coal buried in depth is ignited underground, and burned into combustible gas (CO, CH4, H2), and directly delivered to ground. The underground coal gasification technology can not only recover abandoned coal resources in a mine, but also be used for mining thin coal seams, deep coal seams, high-sulfur coal seams, high-ash coal seams and high-gas coal seams which are difficult to mine by miners or have poor economy and safety; ash residues after underground gasification and combustion are left underground, the subsidence of the ground surface is reduced, no solid matter is discharged, coal gas can be purified in a centralized manner, and the damage to the environment in the coal mining and using processes is greatly reduced; the underground gasified gas can be used as fuel gas for direct civil use and power generation, and can also be used for extracting pure hydrogen or used as raw material gas of synthetic oil, dimethyl ether, ammonia and methanol. Therefore, the underground coal gasification technology has better economic benefit and environmental benefit, can greatly improve the utilization rate and utilization level of coal resources, and is an important research and development direction of clean coal technologies of various countries.
One of the key technologies in the coal underground gasification technology is the ignition problem of the coal underground gasification furnace. The underground gasification furnace can be divided into a well type and a non-well type according to the construction method. The shaft-free type is to drill a directional horizontal well and a vertical well on the ground to form an underground gasification furnace, and then ignite and burn to gasify coal.
CN201610615786.7 discloses a method for perforating and fracturing coal seams to enlarge the storage volume of combustion-supporting gas and increase the success rate of ignition. Although the success rate of ignition can be improved using the above method, the problems of perforation efficiency and fracturing cost reduction are not well solved.
CN201010129769.5 discloses an ignition method for underground gasification of ultra-deep coal, which adopts butane and electric ignition two-way combustion to ignite a coal bed, and although the ignition method can reliably ignite the coal bed, the ignition method still has the problems of long ignition time, high danger and the like.
CN201610716989.5 discloses an ignition device for underground coal gasification process, which comprises a conveying device, a disconnecting device, an ignition fuse and one or more fuel packages, which are connected in sequence with each other, wherein a plurality of fuel packages are connected in series with each other. The fuel package is provided with a thermite, and the thermite is a granular mixture of aluminum powder and metal oxide. The thermite dose provides an ignition time of 20 seconds to 10 minutes. Although the secondary ignition and the multiple ignition can be realized, the combustion time of the thermite is not long enough, and the ignition is difficult for the coal bed with large water content.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows:
in order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a well-free underground coal gasification ignition method, which adopts a continuous oil pipe conveying mode, firstly performs perforation, and then uses a pyrotechnic composition to burn and ignite a coal bed, so that the high-efficiency ignition of an underground coal gasification furnace can be realized.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a well-free underground coal gasification ignition method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1: firstly, determining a coal seam area, and drilling a U-shaped well in the coal seam, wherein the horizontal section of the bottom of the U-shaped well is positioned in an underground coal seam, the vertical section at one end is an injection well, and the vertical section at the other end is a production well;
step 2: the perforating device is conveyed to a horizontal section of the U-shaped well from the ground along an injection well through an oil pipe, and the perforating device is adjusted according to a set position;
and step 3: pressurizing and detonating the directional detonator on the perforating device through an oil pipe so as to detonate the directional perforating gun, perforating towards the specified direction in the coal seam, forming a plurality of perforating pore canals and communicating a horizontal section channel in the U-shaped well with the coal seam;
and 4, step 4: taking out the perforating device, simultaneously putting pumping equipment into the U-shaped well from an injection well of the U-shaped well, pumping the accumulated water in the horizontal section at the bottom of the U-shaped well, and taking out the pumping equipment after the accumulated water is pumped;
and 5: conveying an ignition device to a horizontal section of the U-shaped well along an injection well of the U-shaped well through an oil pipe and a cable, wherein the position of the ignition device corresponds to the position of the perforation hole channel and is adjusted;
step 6: igniting an igniter in the ignition device by using a magnetoelectric detonator priming instrument, igniting the ignition bomb in the ignition device by using output flame, and after the ignition bomb is combusted, spraying generated high-temperature gas and flame from a flame nozzle of a sieve tube of the ignition device and simultaneously entering a coal seam perforation pore passage to ignite the coal seam;
and 7: and collecting the synthesis gas generated after combustion in the well into a gas collecting chamber on the ground through the production well of the U-shaped well.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: and 6, after the ignition bomb in the ignition device starts to burn, blowing air and supplying oxygen to the underground from an oxygen supply chamber on the ground through the wellhead of the injection well of the U-shaped well, so as to ensure the reliable burning of the coal.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the perforating device comprises a rotary joint, a directional detonator, a directional double male joint, a directional male-female joint, a directional perforating gun, a gun tail, an external directional key, a weight bias device and a perforating bullet; the perforating bullet is arranged in a gun barrel of the directional perforating gun through a bullet rack, a directional male-female joint, a directional double male joint, a bias weight device, a directional double male joint, a directional detonator and a rotary joint are sequentially and coaxially arranged at one end of the directional perforating gun, key grooves are formed in the peripheral surfaces of all the parts and are located on the same straight line parallel to the axial direction, a plurality of external directional keys are respectively fixed in the key grooves of all the adjacent parts through bolts, and the positioning and fixing of all the adjacent parts are realized; the other end of the directional perforating gun is coaxially provided with the gun tail.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the outer diameter of the directional perforating gun is 102-178 mm, and the hole density is 20-40 holes/m.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: two ends of the weight bias device are of threaded sleeve structures, are provided with internal threads and are respectively connected with the external threads of the directional double male connectors at two ends in a sealing manner; a semi-cylindrical structure is arranged between the threaded sleeves at the two ends, so that eccentric torque is realized; the eccentric weight device is provided with an eccentric through hole for passing through the detonating cord.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the ignition device comprises a ball gun head, a sieve tube, an ignition bomb, an igniter and a ball gun tail; the ball gun head and the ball gun tail are respectively installed at two ports of the sieve tube through threads; a plurality of ignition bombs are uniformly distributed in the sieve tube along the axial direction, and the distance between every two adjacent ignition bombs is 100-500 mm; the igniter is arranged between the two ignition bombs close to one end of the ball gun head, and the output end of the igniter is fixed on the end face of the second ignition bomb.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the thread buckle at one end of the ball gun head is 27/8 EUE and is connected with an oil pipe; the thread buckle type of the other end is Tr90 multiplied by 4 and is connected with one end of the sieve tube; the thread buckle type of the ball gun tail and the screen pipe connecting section is Tr90 multiplied by 4.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the outer diameter of the sieve tube is larger than 90mm, and the axial length is larger than or equal to 2 m; external threads are arranged at two ends of the sieve tube, and a plurality of round through holes are arranged on the wall of the sieve tube to be used as flame nozzles; 16 rows of the circular through holes are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the sieve tube, and 8 circular through holes are uniformly distributed in each row along the circumferential direction.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the ignition bomb is solid explosive, and the mass fraction ratio of the explosive components is as follows: hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene: aluminum powder: dioctyl glycol: 60-70% of glycerol monoricinoleate: 8% -15%: 10% -20%: 2% -5%: and (4) the balance.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the well-free coal gasification ignition method provided by the invention has the advantages that before coal ignition, the coal bed is perforated by the high-hole-density large-hole-diameter directional perforation device, a large-hole-diameter perforation hole channel is formed in the coal bed, a U-shaped well horizontal section casing pipe is communicated with the coal bed, the maximum communication effect between the inside of the casing pipe channel and the coal bed can be realized, and the coal bed ignition area is increased. Meanwhile, the coal-dropping device can avoid water flooding caused by penetrating through a water layer in the coal bed, and increase the coal-dropping difficulty. And then, igniting the coal bed by using an ignition device, wherein an ignition bomb in the ignition device is a solid pyrotechnic agent capable of reliably burning in an oxygen-free environment, the burning time of each ignition bomb can reach over 10 minutes according to the charge component proportion of the ignition bomb, the burning temperature reaches over 3000K, generally 3 sections are assembled in a sieve tube, and the burning time can reach about half an hour. Flame generated by combustion is sprayed out from a flame nozzle of the sieve tube, the length of the flame can reach more than one meter, the flame can be accurately aligned with a target coal bed to be combusted, and the fuel utilization rate is high. And the combustion time can be controlled by adjusting the number of the ignition bullets according to the ignition difficulty of different coal beds. The invention has simple construction, short ignition time, safety and reliability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a well-free coal gasification ignition perforating device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a shaft-less coal gasification ignition device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the perforating device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an externally oriented key connection configuration of the perforating device of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the ignition device of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1-U-shaped well; 2-coiled tubing (or tubing); 3-a perforation device; 4-an ignition device; 5-oxygen supply room (blower room); 6-a gas collection chamber; 7-a swivel joint; 8-directional primer; 9-directional double male joint; 10-oriented male and female connectors; 11-orienting the perforating gun; 12-gun tail; 13-external orientation bond; 14-a bias weight device; 15-a perforating charge; 16-a ball gun head; 17-a screen; 18-a squib; 19-an igniter; 20-ball gun tail.
Detailed Description
The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
The invention relates to a well-free underground coal gasification ignition method, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: in a determined coal seam area, a U-shaped well 1 is drilled in the coal seam, and the outer diameter of a sleeve installed in the well is 5.5 ". The horizontal section of the bottom of the U-shaped well 1 is positioned in a coal seam;
step 2: assembly of the perforation device 3: referring to fig. 3, the directional perforating gun 11 with an outer diameter of 101.6mm, a length of 4m, a hole density of 20 holes/m, a three-phase upward perforating phase and a phase angle of 60 degrees is selected. During assembly, a charge frame assembly of the directional perforating gun 11 is filled with perforating charges 15 and a detonating cord is wound, then the charge frame assembly is placed into a gun tube of the directional perforating gun 11, a directional male-female connector 10 and a gun tail 12 are respectively installed at two ends of the directional perforating gun 11 and are aligned with key grooves of the directional male-female connector 10 and the directional perforating gun 11, an external directional key 13 is placed in the key groove, and an aligned screw hole is fixed by using a cross-groove countersunk head screw. After the completion, the two directional male connectors 9 are arranged at the two ends of the eccentric weight device 14, the detonating cord penetrates through the eccentric hole, the directional male connectors 9 are aligned with the key grooves on the eccentric weight device 14, the outer directional keys 13 are placed in the key grooves, and the aligned screw holes are fixed by using cross-recessed countersunk head screws. Then, the directional double male connector 9 at one end of the eccentric weight device 14 is connected with the directional male and female connector 10 on the directional perforating gun 11, the outer directional key 13 is placed in alignment with the key groove, and the aligned screw hole is fixed by using a cross-shaped groove countersunk head screw. And then connecting the directional double male joint 9 at the other end of the unbalanced weight device 14 with the directional detonator 8, aligning the key slot, placing the outer directional key 13, and aligning the screw hole and fixing by using a cross-shaped recessed countersunk head screw. After the installation is finished, the rotary joint 7 is installed on the directional detonator 8, the outer directional key 13 is placed in alignment with the key groove, and the alignment screw hole is fixed by using a cross-shaped groove countersunk head screw. Finally the tubing or coiled tubing 2 is mounted on the swivel 7.
And step 3: referring to fig. 1, a perforating device 3 is conveyed from an injection well of a U-shaped well 1 to a horizontal section in the U-shaped well 1 from the ground through a coiled tubing (or oil pipe) 2, and the position is adjusted;
step 4, pressurizing and detonating the directional detonator 8 on the perforating device 3 through the continuous oil pipe (or oil pipe) 2, detonating the directional perforating gun 11, perforating towards the specified direction of the coal seam, and enabling a horizontal section channel in the U-shaped well 1 to be communicated with the coal seam through a formed perforating channel;
step 5, taking out the perforating device 3, simultaneously putting pumping equipment into the injection well of the U-shaped well 1, and pumping accumulated water in the horizontal section at the middle bottom of the U-shaped well;
step 6, assembling the ignition device 4: referring to fig. 5, the selected sieve tube 17 has an outer diameter of 101.6mm and a length of 2m, 8 circular holes with a diameter of 20mm are uniformly distributed in the radial direction, 16 rows of circular holes are distributed in the axial direction, the hole pitch is 100mm, and the thread opening shape at two ends is Tr90 x 4. The outer diameter of the selected ignition bomb 18 is 89mm, and the length is 800 mm. The outer diameters of a ball gun head 16 and a ball gun tail 20 are 102mm, one end of the ball gun head 16 is in a thread buckle shape of 27/8 EUE and is connected with a continuous oil pipe (or an oil pipe) 2, and the other end of the ball gun head 16 is in a thread buckle shape of Tr90 multiplied by 4 and is connected with one end of a sieve pipe 17. The ball gun tail 20 is of a thread type Tr 90X 4 and is connected with the other end of the screen 17. During assembly, an igniter 19 is bonded on the end face of one ignition bomb 18, the ignition bomb is placed in the sieve tube 17 and fixed, then the other ignition bomb 18 is placed in the sieve tube 17 and fixed, and the distance between the two ignition bombs 18 is 100 mm. Finally, the ball gun head 16 and ball gun tail 20 are threaded onto the screen 17.
The ignition bomb 18 is a solid charge, and the mass fraction ratio of the charge components is as follows: hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene: aluminum powder: dioctyl glycol: 60-70% of glycerol monoricinoleate: 8% -15%: 10% -20%: 2% -5%: and (4) the balance.
And 7: referring to fig. 2, an ignition device 4 is conveyed from an injection well of a U-shaped well 1 to the position of a horizontal section completion hole in the U-shaped well through a coiled tubing (or oil pipe) 2 and a cable, and the position is adjusted;
and 8: an igniter 19 in the ignition device 4 is ignited by a magnetoelectric detonator priming instrument, flame is output to ignite the ignition bomb 18 in the ignition device 4, and after the ignition bomb 18 is combusted, a large amount of high-temperature gas and flame are generated and sprayed out from a flame nozzle of a sieve tube 17 to drill into a coal seam perforation hole channel to burn a coal seam.
And step 9: after the ignition bomb 18 in the ignition device 4 starts to burn, a large amount of blast oxygen is supplied to the underground from an oxygen supply chamber (blast equipment room) 5 on the ground through the wellhead of the injection well of the U-shaped well 1, and the reliable burning of coal is ensured.
Step 10: the synthesis gas produced after combustion is collected in the production well of the U-shaped well 1 to a gas collection chamber 6.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A well-free underground coal gasification ignition method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1: firstly, determining a coal seam area, and drilling a U-shaped well in the coal seam, wherein the horizontal section of the bottom of the U-shaped well is positioned in an underground coal seam, the vertical section at one end is an injection well, and the vertical section at the other end is a production well;
step 2: the perforating device is conveyed to a horizontal section of the U-shaped well from the ground along an injection well through an oil pipe, and the perforating device is adjusted according to a set position;
and step 3: pressurizing and detonating the directional detonator on the perforating device through an oil pipe so as to detonate the directional perforating gun, perforating towards the specified direction in the coal seam, forming a plurality of perforating pore canals and communicating a horizontal section channel in the U-shaped well with the coal seam;
and 4, step 4: taking out the perforating device, simultaneously putting pumping equipment into the U-shaped well from an injection well of the U-shaped well, pumping the accumulated water in the horizontal section at the bottom of the U-shaped well, and taking out the pumping equipment after the accumulated water is pumped;
and 5: conveying an ignition device to a horizontal section of the U-shaped well along an injection well of the U-shaped well through an oil pipe and a cable, and adjusting the position of the ignition device to correspond to the position of the perforation tunnel;
step 6: igniting an igniter in the ignition device by using a magnetoelectric detonator priming instrument, igniting the ignition bomb in the ignition device by using output flame, and after the ignition bomb is combusted, spraying generated high-temperature gas and flame from a flame nozzle of a sieve tube of the ignition device and simultaneously entering a coal seam perforation pore passage to ignite the coal seam;
and 7: collecting the synthesis gas generated after combustion in the well into a gas collecting chamber on the ground through a production well of the U-shaped well;
the perforating device comprises a rotary joint, a directional detonator, a directional double male joint, a directional male-female joint, a directional perforating gun, a gun tail, an external directional key, a weight bias device and a perforating bullet; the perforating bullet is arranged in a gun barrel of the directional perforating gun through a bullet rack, a directional male-female joint, a directional double male joint, a bias weight device, a directional double male joint, a directional detonator and a rotary joint are sequentially and coaxially arranged at one end of the directional perforating gun, key grooves are formed in the peripheral surfaces of all the parts and are located on the same straight line parallel to the axial direction, a plurality of external directional keys are respectively fixed in the key grooves of all the adjacent parts through bolts, and the positioning and fixing of all the adjacent parts are realized; the gun tail is coaxially arranged at the other end of the directional perforating gun;
the ignition device comprises a ball gun head, a sieve tube, an ignition bomb, an igniter and a ball gun tail; the ball gun head and the ball gun tail are respectively installed at two ports of the sieve tube through threads; a plurality of ignition bombs are uniformly distributed in the sieve tube along the axial direction, and the distance between every two adjacent ignition bombs is 100-500 mm; the igniter is arranged between the two ignition bombs close to one end of the ball gun head, and the output end of the igniter is fixed on the end face of the second ignition bomb.
2. The shaft-free underground coal gasification ignition method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 6, after the ignition bomb in the ignition device starts to burn, blowing air and supplying oxygen to the underground from an oxygen supply chamber on the ground through the wellhead of the injection well of the U-shaped well, so as to ensure the reliable burning of the coal.
3. The shaft-free underground coal gasification ignition method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer diameter of the directional perforating gun is 102-178 mm, and the hole density is 20-40 holes/m.
4. The shaft-free underground coal gasification ignition method according to claim 3, characterized in that: two ends of the weight bias device are of threaded sleeve structures, are provided with internal threads and are respectively connected with the external threads of the directional double male connectors at two ends in a sealing manner; a semi-cylindrical structure is arranged between the threaded sleeves at the two ends, so that eccentric torque is realized; the eccentric weight device is provided with an eccentric through hole for passing through the detonating cord.
5. The shaft-free underground coal gasification ignition method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thread buckle at one end of the ball gun head is 27/8 EUE and is connected with an oil pipe; the thread buckle type of the other end is Tr90 multiplied by 4 and is connected with one end of the sieve tube; the thread buckle type of the ball gun tail and the screen pipe connecting section is Tr90 multiplied by 4.
6. The shaft-free underground coal gasification ignition method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer diameter of the sieve tube is larger than 90mm, and the axial length is larger than or equal to 2 m; external threads are arranged at two ends of the sieve tube, and a plurality of round through holes are arranged on the wall of the sieve tube to be used as flame nozzles; 16 rows of the circular through holes are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the sieve tube, and 8 circular through holes are uniformly distributed in each row along the circumferential direction.
7. The shaft-free underground coal gasification ignition method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ignition bomb is solid explosive, and the mass fraction ratio of the explosive components is as follows: hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene: aluminum powder: dioctyl glycol: 60-70% of glycerol monoricinoleate: 8% -15%: 10% -20%: 2% -5%: and (4) the balance.
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