CN101619654B - Pulse fracturing sand injector for horizontal wells - Google Patents
Pulse fracturing sand injector for horizontal wells Download PDFInfo
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- CN101619654B CN101619654B CN2009100234304A CN200910023430A CN101619654B CN 101619654 B CN101619654 B CN 101619654B CN 2009100234304 A CN2009100234304 A CN 2009100234304A CN 200910023430 A CN200910023430 A CN 200910023430A CN 101619654 B CN101619654 B CN 101619654B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pulse fracturing sand injector for horizontal wells, which is formed by connecting a fracturing gun component, a sand-injecting gun component and an interlayer gun component via intermediate joints, wherein, the fracturing gun component is loaded with fracturing gunpowder with various burning speeds; the interlayer gun component is applied to the interlay where oil gas is not produced and achieves the effect of igniting; the sand-injecting gun component is internally loaded with a sand collecting cylinder and sand-expelling gunpowder and used for conveying propping agent to the formation fracture, thereby forming the fracturing sand injector with the length ranging from dozens of meters to hundreds of meters for horizontal wells by proper combining the components according to the distribution of the production pay and the interlayer. By introducing the propping agent to the high-energy gas fracturing process, the fracturing sand injector can improve the stability of fracture and extend the stimulation time, and the fracturing sand injector has the characteristics of low cost, obvious stimulation effect, simple process and safe and reliable application. The invention is applicable to horizontal wells with different completion manners, vertical wells or inclined wells, such as cased wells, sieved wells or uncased wells.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of petroleum extraction, relate to a kind of gas fracturing device, particularly a kind of pulse fracturing sand injector for horizontal wells.
Background technology
Raising the output modification measures to hyposmosis low-porosity horizontal well mainly is to implement fracturing and acidifying at present; Equipment is many, duty cycle is long, cost is high, secondary pollution is caused on the stratum easily but fracturing and acidifying are employed; Can only form one to several double-vane cracks; On the low side as far as high tight formation because of pressure, be difficult to press off the stratum.The also inapplicable fracturing of horizontal well of oil-gas reservoirs such as water-sensitive formation, strong hydrophilicity stratum, tight sand low permeability reservoir and sieve tube completion.Acidifying needs a large amount of acid solutions, expensive, and also seriously polluted to tube corrosion.
The existing at home and abroad nearly 40 years developing history of high enegry gas fracturing; The main product layer of multiple Pressure breaking bullet product such as box hat formula, no shell-type, modular or technology peupendicular hole or inclined shaft in the oil field is used widely; Obtained increasing yield and injection effect preferably; But all have short partially problem of raising the output time, its main cause is that proppant is not introduced in the gas crack, only depends on the shear displacemant of fracture surface and chip support to be difficult to stop the auto-closing trend in crack.This present situation for a change, Chinese patent CN2467793 goes up at device for forming fracture (a kind of form that cooperates the Pressure breaking bullet of perforation) the high rigidity Metal Ball is installed, and attempts proppant is embedded in the gas crack; U.S. Marathon oil company has also introduced the haydite release from perforating at nitrogen ultra-positive pressure gun perforation process, drives haydite with nitrogen and gets into the stratum.Chinese patent ZL93108854.2 has proposed a kind of Pressure breaking bullet that does not have shell structure; Be applicable to peupendicular hole or inclined shaft; Fracturing yield increasing augmented injection effect is remarkable, but because the limitation of structure design can't once connect into the above Pressure breaking bullet group of tens of rice; And the Pressure breaking bullet group can't be delivered to the layer position that horizontal well need be handled because body intensity is low, does not have to realize adding the effect of sand supporting crack in addition.What Chinese patent CN101358519A had proposed a kind of cable transmission has a sandwich segment Pressure breaking bullet group; Be applicable to peupendicular hole; Solved the cable ablation problem, because the restriction and the main charge of transmission technology do not have specific protection, the stimulation treatment of the long payzone of incompatibility horizontal well.
In sum, existing both at home and abroad gas fracturing technology or product exist not enough: or because Pressure breaking bullet structure and the special casing programme of technological design incompatibility horizontal well perhaps do not have realization to add the action effect of sand supporting crack.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome deficiency and the defective that prior art exists; The invention provides a kind of possessing long well section pulse pressure break and adding the increasing device that sand supports of horizontal well that be applicable to, not only can produce the crack, add proppant again and make the crack be difficult for closure; Improve crack stability, prolong the raising the output time.
In order to realize above-mentioned task, the present invention adopts following technical solution:
A kind of pulse fracturing sand injector for horizontal wells comprises igniter, gun breech, it is characterized in that, also includes by the bear gun assembly, adds the body of a gun that sand rifle assembly, interlayer gun assembly and transition joint are formed;
Described bear gun assembly, add sand rifle assembly and interlayer gun assembly and include shape, screen casing that diameter is identical, equally distributed through hole is arranged on this screen casing; The axial two ends of screen casing are provided with and the internal thread that is connected with transition joint, and the linear ignition tool is equipped with at the screen casing center; Wherein:
The screen casing inside of bear gun assembly also is provided with the pressure break gunpowder, and the pressure break gunpowder is sleeved on the linear ignition tool;
Also be equipped with in the screen casing inside that adds sand rifle assembly and drive sand gunpowder and collection sand tube, drive the sand gunpowder and be contained on the linear ignition tool with collection sand jacket casing;
The bear gun assembly, add sand rifle assembly, the interlayer gun assembly is made up by transition joint as required, the bear gun assembly is connected with igniter through transition joint, gun breech is connected with the interlayer gun assembly through transition joint, constitutes the pulse pressure break sanding device of different length.
Pulse fracturing sand injector for horizontal wells of the present invention according to the distribution appropriate combination bear gun of payzone and interlayer, add assemblies such as sand rifle, interlayer gun, is made the multistage pulses gas fracturing seam and is added the compound raising the output that is used for horizontal well of sand supporting process; The stratum is had no pollution, effectively improved the utilization rate of gunpowder, improved the stability in crack; Prolonged the raising the output time, and the body of a gun of each assembly and the first-class parts of indirect are reusable, it is low to have a cost; Technology is simple, and effect of increasing production is obvious, safe and reliable characteristics; Be applicable to horizontal well, peupendicular hole or the inclined shaft of different completion mode, like cased well, screen casing well or open hole well.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the pulse fracturing sand injector for horizontal wells structural representation;
Accompanying drawing 2 is bear gun modular construction sketch mapes;
Accompanying drawing 3 is the structural representations that add sand rifle assembly;
Accompanying drawing 4 is structural representations of linear ignition tool;
Accompanying drawing 5 is A-A cross-sectional view of accompanying drawing 3.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done further detailed description.
The specific embodiment
Referring to accompanying drawing 1, pulse fracturing sand injector for horizontal wells of the present invention is by igniter 1, bear gun assembly 2, add sand rifle assembly 3, interlayer gun assembly 4, transition joint 5 and gun breech 6 and be connected in sequence; Wherein, Bear gun assembly 2, add the body of a gun that sand rifle assembly 3, interlayer gun assembly 4 and transition joint 5 are combined into different length on demand; Bear gun assembly 2 is connected with igniter 1 through transition joint 5; Gun breech 6 is connected with interlayer gun assembly 4 through transition joint 5, constitutes the pulse pressure break sanding device of different length.
Bear gun assembly 2, add sand rifle assembly 3 and interlayer gun assembly 4 and include shape, screen casing 23 that diameter is identical, on this screen casing 23 equally distributed through hole is arranged; Through hole is convenient to powder gases or proppant is discharged into the stratum, and the axial two ends of screen casing 23 are provided with and the internal thread that is connected with transition joint 5, and linear ignition tool 22 is equipped with at screen casing 23 centers.Referring to accompanying drawing 2, accompanying drawing 3 and accompanying drawing 4.
Add to be provided with in the sand rifle assembly 3 and drive sand gunpowder 31 and collection sand tube 32; Drive sand gunpowder 31 and join with collection sand tube 32 alternatively up and down and be sleeved on linear ignition tool 22 outsides, filling proppants 321 in this collection sand tube 32, there is 1～6 presplitting groove on the inside and outside surface of collection sand tube 32 cylindrical shells; The presplitting groove can make the cylindrical shell can be broken fast by the presplitting mode under linear igniter 22 excites; Discharge proppant, this collection sand tube 32 adopts open design, makes the cylindrical shell external and internal pressure reach balance in the down-hole.Referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 5.
Equally distributed through hole is tubaeform mouthful or circular port on the screen casing 23, and through hole line density on screen casing 23 is 20 holes/m～40 holes/m, and the diameter of through hole is 10mm～40mm.
Form the body of a gun bear gun assembly 2, add sand rifle assembly 3 and the strong assembly 4 of interlayer all adopts steel tubings processing such as 32CrMo or 35CrMo or 40Cr or N80; Make the pulse fracturing sand injector for horizontal wells that connects the back different length have the horizontal payzone that enough intensity can successfully be transported to needs processing; And for pressure break gunpowder 21, drive the gunpowder powder column of sand gunpowder 31, vulnerable components such as collection sand tube provide reliable protection; The body of a gun all parts in transmission course of can guarantee bear gun assembly 2, add sand rifle assembly 3, interlayer gun assembly 4 and transition joint 5 being formed can guarantee also that not because of damage or accidental ignition take place frictional impact each screen casing can have enough tensile strength, compressive strength and flexural strength through inclination section the time.
The length specification of linear ignition tool 22 is complementary with bear gun assembly 2, the length specification that adds sand rifle assembly 3, interlayer gun assembly 4 respectively.
The material of central tube 221 is stainless steel, aluminium, steel, nylon or ABS plastic, and the well hydraulic pressure that requires it can bear below the 60MPa is strong and indeformable.
Proppant 321 is particle diameter 30 orders～50 purpose quartz sands, precoated sand or haydite, or their mixture.
When practical application, want frac treatment pay thickness, thickness of interlayer, formation parameter and pit shaft parameter (sleeve pipe specification, grade of steel, perforation hole are close, aperture etc.) to carry out bear gun assembly 2 flexibly, add unit combination such as sand rifle assembly 3, interlayer gun assembly 4 according to horizontal well, peupendicular hole, inclined shaft;
Bear gun assembly 2, add material selection 32CrMo, 35CrMo, 40Cr, the N80 of sand rifle assembly 3, but be not limited thereto; Bear gun assembly 2, add the body of a gun of the composition of sand rifle assembly 3, interlayer gun assembly 4; Can adopt the steel pipe of different-diameter (68mm, 73mm, 89mm, 102mm, 127mm) to process; Two ends are processed with T type screw thread; Screen casing wall thickness 6mm～11mm, optimum wall thickness 9mm, screen casing length: 1m, 1.5m, 2m, 2.5m, 3m, 3.5m, 4m, 4.5m, 5m, 5.5m or 6m.The equally distributed through hole of processing is used for exhaust or sandblast, the diameter of phi 20mm of through hole～Φ 40mm, close 20 holes, hole/m on the screen casing
2～40 holes/m
2
In the use; Can select rational bear gun assembly as required, add the diameter of sand rifle assembly and interlayer gun assembly; Form the specification (diameter can be Φ 68, Φ 73, Φ 89, Φ 102, Φ 127) of the pulse pressure break sanding device of different length, length is between 1m～500m.
The selection of gunpowder: pressure break gunpowder 21 provided by the present invention, drive sand gunpowder 31 and all directly contact with well liquid, require these gunpowder that the character of oil resistant aqueous medium is all arranged, and any variation does not take place in component under down-hole medium and pressure and temp environment.When the well temperature is below 100 ℃, can directly select double-basis, triple base powder powder column; More than 100 ℃, can select compound gunpowder in the well temperature, its heat resisting and pressure resisting period of validity is more than 48 hours; Compound gunpowder selects water-fast cladded type not have the shell powder column; Clad material is preferentially selected epoxy resin or polyurethane, its water-tolerant, and the no residue in burning back; Pollution-free to the stratum, but clad material is not limited thereto.
Table 1: pressure break gunpowder and the combustion speed scope of driving the sand gunpowder
| The gunpowder kind | Combustion speed (mm/s) | Test condition |
| Fast burn speed gunpowder | 8～12 | 10MPa，25℃ |
| Lingering speed gunpowder | 4～8 | 10MPa，25℃ |
| Drive the sand gunpowder | 3～5 | 10MPa，25℃ |
Gunpowder is a tubular structure, and double-basis or triple base propellants adopt the production of spiral shell compression technology, and composite propellant adopts cast, cladding process production; The explosive payload of gunpowder (2kg/m～4kg/m).
The selection of proppant: detonation fracturing fracture width range 0.1mm～1.0mm; Candidate's kind has fracturing sand, precoated sand or haydite; Or their mixture, importing the detonation crack more easily than the proppant of small grain size, the particle size range that suitable detonation adds sand is 30 orders～50 orders.Add fast in the process of sand in detonation, the haydite of high-intensity high-density can impact the abrasion fracture surface, forms more landwaste to support wideer more stable crack, and flow conductivity is bigger than quartz sand, and haydite more adapts to the high clossing pressure on stratum in addition, and is unsuitable broken.The proppant consumption is the bigger the better in theory, but receives the restriction in space in the rifle, adds sand concentration and is controlled at 2dm
3/ m～9dm
3/ m.
Whether in the screen casing well is used, will look the sieve tube slit width and satisfy and add the sand technological requirement, the slot width only carries out the pulse pressure break and does not add sand less than the screen casing of 3mm.
During the pulse fracturing sand injector for horizontal wells construction, adopt the tubing transmission mode that pulse pressure break sanding device is sent into the down-hole interval of interest, behind dark location, cable car school; Horizontal well detonates with pressurization; Peupendicular hole or inclined shaft detonate with caber, through igniter 1 igniting, the detonating fuse 222 in the linear igniter 22 that ignites; Ignition charge piece 223 receives detonating fuse 222 detonation energy generation detonations; Light pressure break gunpowder 21 and drive sand gunpowder 31, the pressure break powder burning produces multistage pulses gas and affacts the stratum and produce the crack, drives the delayed combustion of sand gunpowder and produces drive of high-pressure gas well liquid and carry proppant and get into newborn crack through the perforation tunnel and accomplish supporting role.
Assembled on site, operation sequence are following:
1) assembling of linear ignition tool: during on-the-spot the use; At first assemble the linear ignition tool 22 of respective numbers, during 22 assemblings of linear ignition tool, earlier according to bear gun assembly 2 or add the length of the length ruling detonating fuse 222 of sand rifle assembly 3 according to bear gun assembly 2 and the quantity that adds sand rifle assembly 3; Adorn ignition charge piece 223 and fixing then; Detonating primer 224 is installed at detonating fuse 222 two ends at last, and the central tube of packing into after the completion is formed linear ignition tool 222;
2) assembling of collection sand tube: the proppant of choosing 321 is filled with collection sand tube 32, and encapsulate for use.Select varigrained quartz sand, precoated sand or haydite for use by formation condition;
3) bear gun assembly (adding sand rifle assembly) assembling: with also being connected in the linear ignition tool 22 1 ends insertion transition joint 5 with bear gun assembly 2 (or adding sand rifle assembly 3).The pressure break gunpowder 21 that the fast lingering speed of property igniter 22 central tubes 221 suits along the line alternates in bear gun assembly 2.Be inserted in successively on the central tube 221 in adding sand rifle assembly 3 and drive sand gunpowder 31 and collection sand tube 32, alternately fill successively;
4) interlayer gun assembly assembling: linear igniter 22 only is installed in the interlayer gun assembly 4.The length of looking the geology interlayer is prepared the length and the quantity of interlayer gun assembly 4;
5) well head joins rifle: require each assembly of assembled on site according to handling stratum length with interlayer, bear gun assembly 2, add sand rifle assembly 3 and interlayer gun assembly 4 and according to working design and be connected.And at bear gun assembly 2 through transition joint 5 tie point firearms 1, interlayer gun assembly 4 connects gun breeches 6 through transition joint 5, is assembled into pulse fracturing sand injector for horizontal wells;
6) transmission and sparking mode: adopt the tubing transmission mode that pulse pressure break sanding device of the present invention is sent into the down-hole interval of interest, behind dark location, cable car school, the horizontal well pressurization is detonated, and peupendicular hole or inclined shaft caber detonate.For guaranteeing that most of proppants can get into the stratum, the aperture of wellhead blowout preventor should be 0～50% during the pressure break;
7) igniting back 1min～10min; Be pulse fracturing sand injector for horizontal wells energy release time, discharge well through the well head pipeline and press, close well head behind the 10min; Behind the 30min at well head sighting tube linear pressure table; When being shown as 0MPa, can trip out pump operation under the fracturing device, reusable parts such as recovery bear gun assembly 2, the screen casing that adds sand rifle assembly 3 and interlayer gun assembly 4 and transition joint 5.When pressure meter shows greater than 0MPa then not lift pipe string directly go into operation.
Claims (8)
1. a pulse fracturing sand injector for horizontal wells comprises igniter (1), gun breech (6), it is characterized in that, also includes by bear gun assembly (2), adds the body of a gun that sand rifle assembly (3), interlayer gun assembly (4) and transition joint (5) are formed;
Described bear gun assembly (2), add sand rifle assembly (3) and interlayer gun assembly (4) and include shape, screen casing (23) that diameter is identical, this screen casing has equally distributed through hole on (23); The axial two ends of screen casing (23) are provided with the internal thread that is connected with transition joint (5), and linear ignition tool (22) is equipped with at screen casing (23) center; Wherein:
Screen casing (23) inside of bear gun assembly (2) also is provided with pressure break gunpowder (21), and pressure break gunpowder (21) is sleeved on the linear ignition tool (22);
Also be equipped with in screen casing (23) inside that adds sand rifle assembly (3) and drive sand gunpowder (31) and collection sand tube (32), drive sand gunpowder (31) and collect sand tube (32) and be sleeved on the linear ignition tool (22);
Bear gun assembly (2), add sand rifle assembly (3), interlayer gun assembly (4) is made up by transition joint (5) as required; Bear gun assembly (2) is connected with igniter (1) through transition joint (5); Gun breech (6) is connected with interlayer gun assembly (4) through transition joint (5), constitutes the pulse pressure break sanding device of different length.
2. pulse fracturing sand injector for horizontal wells as claimed in claim 1, described pressure break gunpowder (21) is by fast burn speed gunpowder and the alternately assembling of lingering speed gunpowder.
3. pulse fracturing sand injector for horizontal wells as claimed in claim 1; Described sand gunpowder (31) and collection sand tube (32) alternatively up and down of driving joins and is sleeved on linear ignition tool (22) outside; Filling proppant (321) in this collection sand tube (32), there is 1～6 presplitting groove on the inside and outside surface of cylindrical shell of collection sand tube (32).
4. pulse fracturing sand injector for horizontal wells as claimed in claim 1; Described linear ignition tool (22) comprises central tube (221), detonating fuse (222), ignition charge piece (223) and detonating primer (224); Detonating fuse (222) two ends are equipped with detonating primer (224), and ignition charge piece (223) is sleeved on detonating fuse (222) and detonating primer (224) outside, and central tube (221) is sleeved on outermost layer; The external surface of this central tube (221) has 1～6 presplitting groove, and there is the sealing axial plane at the axial two ends of central tube (221); Central tube (221) connects and composes the self sealss system through O-ring seals and transition joint (5).
5. pulse fracturing sand injector for horizontal wells as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, it is tubaeform mouthful or circular port that described screen casing (23) is gone up equally distributed through hole, and the line density of through hole is 20 holes/m～40 holes/m, and the diameter of through hole is 10mm～40mm.
6. pulse fracturing sand injector for horizontal wells as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, the material of described central tube (221) is aluminium, steel, nylon or ABS plastic.
7. pulse fracturing sand injector for horizontal wells as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described ignition charge piece (223) is black powder or compound gunpowder.
8. pulse fracturing sand injector for horizontal wells as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, it is 30 orders ~ 50 purpose quartz sands, precoated sand or haydite that described proppant (321) is selected particle diameter, or their mixture.
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Owner name: NORTH SCHLUMBERGER OILFIELD TECHNOLOGY (XI AN) CO. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: XI AN INST. OF MODERN CHEMISTRY Effective date: 20110902 |
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Effective date of registration: 20110902 Address after: 710065 Shaanxi Province, Xi'an City Road eight No. 168 Applicant after: North Schlumberger Oilfield Technology (Xi'an) Co., Ltd. Address before: 710065 Shaanxi province Xi'an Yanta District Zhang eight road No. 168 Applicant before: Xi'an Inst. of Modern Chemistry |
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