CN112112620A - Operation monitoring method and device for oil production well by hydraulic fracturing - Google Patents
Operation monitoring method and device for oil production well by hydraulic fracturing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112112620A CN112112620A CN202010972155.7A CN202010972155A CN112112620A CN 112112620 A CN112112620 A CN 112112620A CN 202010972155 A CN202010972155 A CN 202010972155A CN 112112620 A CN112112620 A CN 112112620A
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- Prior art keywords
- oil
- fracture
- solid phase
- hydraulic
- hydraulic fracturing
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
Abstract
The invention discloses an operation monitoring method and equipment of a hydraulic fracturing oil production well, wherein the operation monitoring method of the hydraulic fracturing oil production well comprises the following steps: s1: constructing a fracturing drill hole and sealing the hole; s2: adopting a hydraulic fracturing technology to fracture the drill hole between rock stratums; s3: the conveying device injects proppant particles into each fracture; s4: oil, water and gas in the oil well pass through a solid phase separator to carry out solid phase separation; s5: and (4) identifying the hydraulic fracture type by the separated solid phase through an analyzer, and repeating the step S3 according to the fracture characteristics to improve the oil gas yield and prolong the service life of the oil well. The invention has important application prospect and practical significance, and is suitable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil well exploitation, in particular to an operation monitoring method and device for an oil well by hydraulic fracturing.
Background
Hydraulic fracturing is the extrusion of a fracturing fluid having a relatively high viscosity through a wellbore into an oil formation using a surface high pressure pump. When the rate of injection of the fracturing fluid exceeds the absorption capacity of the reservoir, a high pressure builds up on the reservoir at the bottom of the well, and when this pressure exceeds the fracture pressure of the reservoir rock near the bottom of the well, the reservoir will be forced open and create a fracture. At this time, the fracturing fluid is continuously squeezed into the oil layer, and the cracks are continuously expanded into the oil layer. In order to keep the fracture open, a carrier fluid with proppant (usually quartz sand) is then forced into the formation, and after the carrier fluid enters the fracture, the fracture can continue to extend forward on the one hand and the already open fracture can be propped against closing on the other hand. And then injecting a displacement fluid, completely displacing the sand-carrying fluid in the shaft into the fracture, and supporting the fracture by using quartz sand. Finally, the injected high-viscosity fracturing fluid can be automatically degraded and discharged out of the shaft, one or more cracks with different lengths, widths and heights are left in the oil layer, and a new fluid channel is established between the oil layer and the shaft. After fracturing, the production from the well typically increases substantially.
The hydraulic fracturing technology is widely applied to the fields of modern petroleum industry, geothermal resource development and the like at present and is used for improving the yield of poor oil wells or the development amount of natural gas. Although the hydraulic fracturing method is widely used in the oil exploitation in China, the detection method aiming at the method in the oil exploitation has the following defects:
(1) lack of accurate formation release information;
(2) the information of which part of the stratum releases the petroleum substances of the hydrocarbon cannot be accurately described, and monitoring and analyzing equipment is complex;
(3) the monitoring cost is high, so that the petroleum exploitation cost in China is high
(4) The oil well production is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The problems existing in the background technology are solved, so that the problems of rapidness, high efficiency, standard operation, low oil well yield and the like in the oil extraction process by using the hydraulic fracturing method are solved. The operation monitoring method for the hydraulic fracturing oil production well is simple and reasonable, is convenient to operate and use, can solve the problems of inaccurate formation release information, high monitoring cost, low efficiency, low oil well yield and the like in the oil production process, can greatly improve the monitoring efficiency and reduce the cost, and has important application prospect and practical significance. With the methods presented herein, the accuracy of formation oil flow monitoring, well production, and well life may be improved.
The invention relates to an operation monitoring method for a hydraulic fracturing oil production well, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing a fracturing drill hole and sealing the hole;
s2: adopting a hydraulic fracturing technology to fracture the drill hole between rock stratums;
s3: injecting proppant particles into each fracture;
s4: solid phase separating oil, water and gas in the oil well;
s5: and (4) identifying the hydraulic fracture type through analysis of the separated solid phase, and repeating the third step according to the fracture characteristics to improve the oil gas yield and prolong the service life of the oil well.
The proppant particles comprising the suspension, in addition to the proppant particles, the suspension contains metal slag particles, wherein the impurity is metal, the production of which forms the slag. The end of the conduit is then directed to another earlier formed hydraulic fracture and proppant particles containing the suspension are injected into the fracture, but this time the suspension contains another metal slag particle and therefore another impurity metal. Also, slag particles containing different metal impurities are injected into each of the fractures created in the formation. Thereby forming a well having a plurality of fractures containing different proppant particles.
The oil/water/gas mixture released by the well passes through a solid phase separator. The separated solid phase substances comprise proppant particles and slag particles, and the metal content containing the solid phase substances is used as the mark of the hydraulic fracture. Therefore, two types of hydraulic fractures contained in the stratum rock body can be determined, namely the fracture providing conditions for injecting oil into the oil well (the solid phase of the fracture contains a large amount of corresponding metal marks); another is a fracture (which has no metal mark in its solid phase) that provides conditions for a small amount of injected oil.
The two types of fractures can be used for judging and monitoring the working efficiency of the oil well fractures and guiding the next step of oil well working, wherein the fractures providing conditions for oil injection of the oil well determine whether gel and other pollutants are needed to be removed from the oil-producing stratum or not so as to prevent crude oil from overflowing and prolong the service life of the oil well. The fracture, conditioned by a small amount of injected oil, determines that the well needs to activate more hydraulic fractures, increasing the well production.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, the drilling machine drills a plurality of holes in the formation through the drill bit, and the high pressure water pumping station injects high pressure water into the holes through the conduit to form a plurality of hydraulic fractures in the formation.
Preferably, in step S3, after the reservoir formation has been fractured hydraulically, a conduit is run into the well, the surface end of the conduit is connected to a delivery device containing a suspension including proppant particles, the other end of the conduit is directed to one of the fractures, and the proppant particles containing suspension are injected into the fracture to prevent the fracture from closing.
Preferably, the suspension further contains slag particles of metal impurities, and the suspension injected into each fracture contains different metal impurities.
Preferably, in step S4, the oil, water, and gas in the oil well are separated by a solid phase separator.
Preferably, the solid-phase substances separated in step S4 include proppant particles and slag particles.
In a preferable embodiment, in step S5, the separated solid phase is further separated into a fraction consisting of slag particles, the slag particles are removed from the oil, the slag particles are crushed and then immersed in a sulfuric acid solution, and the metal ion content in the sulfuric acid solution is analyzed by an ion selective electrode to obtain a residual metal ion content in the acid leachate.
As a preferred technical solution, in the step S5, the metal content in the separated solid phase is analyzed as an indicator of the hydraulic fracture, and two types of fractures are marked according to the metal content:
the solid phase contains metal marked as a crack providing conditions for oil well injection;
the absence of metal in the solid phase marks the fracture providing conditions for a small amount of injected oil.
The preferable technical scheme includes that the device comprises a drilling machine, a high-pressure water pump station and a proppant particle conveying device, wherein the drilling machine drills a plurality of drill holes in a stratum through a drill bit, the high-pressure water pump station is connected with a guide pipe and injects high-pressure water into the drill holes through the guide pipe to form a plurality of hydraulic fractures in the stratum, the proppant particle conveying device fills proppant particles into the hydraulic fractures through a conveying pipe, the proppant particle conveying device is provided with a submersible pump, the submersible pump is used for pumping an oil/water mixture out of a well, the oil/water mixture is subjected to solid phase separation through a solid phase separator, and the separated solid phase is analyzed through an analyzer to obtain the metal content.
Preferably, the proppant particles are mixed in a suspension containing metal impurities and conveyed to the hydraulic fracture through a proppant particle conveying device.
Has the advantages that:
the invention can improve the accuracy of monitoring the formation oil flow, the oil well yield and the oil well service life. The efficiency of formation oil flow monitoring work is obviously improved, and the cost is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the detailed description of the invention or the prior art will be briefly described below. Throughout the drawings, like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or portions are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an operation monitoring method of a hydraulic fracturing oil production well in an embodiment of the present invention.
In the drawings, 1. a drilling machine; 2. a drill bit; 3. drilling; 4. a high-pressure hydraulic pump station; 5. a conduit; 6. the hydraulic fracture (6-d: first, 6-c: second, 6-b: third, 6-a: fourth, 7. delivery pipe, 8. delivery device, 9. solid phase separator, 10. proppant particles containing suspension, 11. analyzer).
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as upper, lower, left, right, front and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The operation monitoring method of the hydraulic fracturing oil production well comprises the following steps:
1. constructing a fracturing drill hole and sealing the hole;
2. adopting a hydraulic fracturing technology to fracture the drill hole between rock stratums;
3. the conveying device injects proppant particles into each fracture;
4. oil, water and gas in the oil well pass through a solid phase separator to carry out solid phase separation;
5. and (4) identifying the hydraulic fracture type by separating the solid phase through an analyzer, and repeating the third step according to the fracture characteristics to improve the oil gas yield and prolong the service life of the oil well.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, a drilling machine 1 drills a plurality of boreholes in a formation via a drill bit 2, and a high pressure hydraulic power unit 4 injects high pressure water into the boreholes via a conduit 5 to form a plurality of hydraulic fractures 6 in the formation.
After hydraulic fractures are created in the reservoir formation, a conduit is run into the well, the surface end of which is connected to a proppant particle delivery device 8 containing a suspending fluid, and the other end is directed to one of the hydraulic fractures 6, and the suspending fluid containing proppant particles is injected into the hydraulic fracture 6 to prevent the hydraulic fracture 6 from closing.
The proppant particle-containing suspension contains, in addition to the proppant particles, metal slag particles, wherein the impurities are metals, which are produced to form the slag. The end of the conduit 5 is then directed to another earlier formed hydraulic fracture 6 and proppant particles containing suspension are injected into the hydraulic fracture 6, but this time the suspension contains another metal slag particle and therefore another impurity metal. Also, slag particles containing different metal impurities are injected into each of the fractures created in the formation. Thereby forming a well having a plurality of fractures containing different proppant particles.
The oil/water/gas mixture released by the well passes through a solid phase separator. The separated solid phase substances comprise proppant particles and slag particles, and the metal content containing the solid phase substances is used as the mark of the hydraulic fracture. Therefore, two types of hydraulic fractures contained in the stratum rock body can be determined, namely the fracture providing conditions for injecting oil into the oil well (the solid phase of the fracture contains a large amount of corresponding metal marks); another is a fracture (which has no metal mark in its solid phase) that provides conditions for a small amount of injected oil.
The two types of fractures can be used for judging and monitoring the working efficiency of the oil well fractures and guiding the next step of oil well working, wherein the fractures providing conditions for oil injection of the oil well determine whether gel and other pollutants are needed to be removed from the oil-producing stratum or not so as to prevent crude oil from overflowing and prolong the service life of the oil well. The fracture, conditioned by a small amount of injected oil, determines that the well needs to activate more hydraulic fractures, increasing the well production.
With continued reference to fig. 1, the drilling machine 1 drills a plurality of boreholes in the formation via the drill bit 2, and the high pressure water pumping station 4 injects high pressure water via the conduit 5 into the twenty meter deep borehole in the oil-bearing formation, forming a plurality of four hydraulic fractures in the formation. Then. Filling proppant particles 10 (containing 11-400 spherical ceramic proppant particles, having the shapes of blocks and spheres, the density of 3 g/cm and copper-containing slag particles) into the first hydraulic fracture 6-d seam through a conveying pipe 7 by using a proppant particle conveying device 8; the second hydraulic fracture 6-c is filled with proppant particles (lead-containing slag particles); the third 6-b, four 6-d hydraulic fracture pack proppant particles (containing zinc dross particles). After the hydraulic fractures 6 are filled with the suspension-containing proppant particles 10 as a carrier, the oil/water mixture is pumped out of the well using the submersible pump of the conveyance device 8. The mixture is subjected to solid phase separation by a solid phase separator 9. The separated solid phase is passed through an analyzer 11, and the analyzer 11 further separates into a fraction composed of slag particles by specific gravity, and removes the slag particles from the oil, and breaks the slag into a sulfuric acid solution. The analyzer 11 analyzes the content of copper, lead, iron and zinc ions in the sulfuric acid solution through an ion selective electrode to obtain the residual amount of copper, zinc ions and lead ions contained in the acid leaching solution. And further monitoring whether the oil well leaks oil and produces oil: if crude oil in the oil well leaks and metal ions released by the second 6-c crack and the third 6-d crack are few, the well drilling operation is suspended, the second 6-c crack and the third 6-d crack are cleaned by the gel breaking liquid, and the second 6-c crack and the third 6-b crack are cleaned by the filter shell dissolving liquid. Filling the second and third fractures 6-c and 6-b with proppants doped with iron and lead-containing slag particles, respectively, thereby restoring oil production from the oil well; ② the solid phase separated from the oil/water mixture is repeatedly analyzed, and the service life of the oil well can be increased by 25% when all four metal ions are present.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.
Claims (10)
1. An operation monitoring method using a hydraulic fracturing oil production well, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing a fracturing drill hole and sealing the hole;
s2: adopting a hydraulic fracturing technology to fracture the drill hole between rock stratums;
s3: injecting proppant particles into each fracture;
s4: solid phase separating oil, water and gas in the oil well;
s5: and (4) identifying the hydraulic fracture type through analysis of the separated solid phase, and repeating the third step according to the fracture characteristics to improve the oil gas yield and prolong the service life of the oil well.
2. The operation monitoring method using a hydraulic fracturing production well according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S1, the drilling machine drills a plurality of holes in the formation through the drill bit, and the high pressure water pump station injects high pressure water into the holes through the guide pipe to form a plurality of hydraulic fractures in the formation.
3. The operation monitoring method using a hydraulic fracturing production well according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S3, after hydraulic fractures are created in the reservoir formation, a conduit is lowered into the well, the surface end of the conduit is connected to a delivery device containing a suspension including proppant particles, the other end of the conduit is directed to one of the fractures, and the proppant particles containing the suspension are injected into the fracture to prevent the fracture from closing.
4. The operation monitoring method using a hydraulic fracturing production well according to claim 3, characterized in that: the suspension also contains slag particles of metal impurities, and the suspension injected into each fracture contains different metal impurities.
5. The operation monitoring method using a hydraulic fracturing production well according to claim 4, wherein: in step S4, oil, water, and gas in the oil well are separated by a solid phase separator.
6. The operation monitoring method using a hydraulic fracturing production well according to claim 5, characterized in that: the solid phase substances separated in the step S4 include proppant particles and slag particles.
7. The operation monitoring method using a hydraulic fracturing production well according to claim 8, characterized in that: in step S5, the separated solid phase substance is further separated into a fraction consisting of slag particles, and the slag particles are removed from the oil, and the slag particles are crushed and then immersed in a sulfuric acid solution, and the metal ion content in the sulfuric acid solution is analyzed by an ion selective electrode to obtain a residual amount of metal ions contained in the acid leachate.
8. The operation monitoring method using a hydraulic fracturing production well according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the step S5, the metal content in the separated solid phase is analyzed to be used as the mark of the hydraulic fracture, and two types of fractures are marked according to the metal content:
the solid phase contains metal marked as a crack providing conditions for oil well injection;
the absence of metal in the solid phase marks the fracture providing conditions for a small amount of injected oil.
9. An operation monitoring apparatus using a hydraulic fracturing production well, characterized in that: the device comprises a drilling machine, a high-pressure water pump station and a proppant particle conveying device, wherein the drilling machine drills a plurality of drill holes in a stratum through a drill bit, the high-pressure water pump station is connected with a guide pipe and injects high-pressure water into the drill holes through the guide pipe to form a plurality of hydraulic fractures in the stratum, the proppant particle conveying device fills proppant particles into the hydraulic fractures through a conveying pipe, the proppant particle conveying device is provided with a submersible pump, the submersible pump is used for pumping an oil/water mixture out of a well, the oil/water mixture is subjected to solid phase separation through a solid phase separator, and the separated solid phase is analyzed through an analyzer to obtain the metal content.
10. An operation monitoring apparatus using a hydraulic fracturing production well according to claim 9, characterized in that: the proppant particles are mixed in a suspension containing metal impurities and transported to the hydraulic fracture by a proppant particle transport device.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010972155.7A CN112112620A (en) | 2020-09-16 | 2020-09-16 | Operation monitoring method and device for oil production well by hydraulic fracturing |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010972155.7A CN112112620A (en) | 2020-09-16 | 2020-09-16 | Operation monitoring method and device for oil production well by hydraulic fracturing |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101619654A (en) * | 2009-07-27 | 2010-01-06 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Pulse fracturing sand injector for horizontal wells |
| US20120267096A1 (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2012-10-25 | Elena Mikhailovna Pershikova | Method of testing the operation of a producing pil well operated using the formation hydrofracturing process |
| CN104089951A (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2014-10-08 | 浙江大学 | Crack characteristic detection apparatus and detection method |
| CN106812517A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-06-09 | 中国石油大学(北京) | High concentration particle motion state monitors experimental technique simultaneously with liquid flow field in crack |
-
2020
- 2020-09-16 CN CN202010972155.7A patent/CN112112620A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20120267096A1 (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2012-10-25 | Elena Mikhailovna Pershikova | Method of testing the operation of a producing pil well operated using the formation hydrofracturing process |
| CN101619654A (en) * | 2009-07-27 | 2010-01-06 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Pulse fracturing sand injector for horizontal wells |
| CN104089951A (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2014-10-08 | 浙江大学 | Crack characteristic detection apparatus and detection method |
| CN106812517A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-06-09 | 中国石油大学(北京) | High concentration particle motion state monitors experimental technique simultaneously with liquid flow field in crack |
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