CN113062720A - Shaft structure and well-free type coal underground gasification ignition system and method applying shaft structure - Google Patents
Shaft structure and well-free type coal underground gasification ignition system and method applying shaft structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN113062720A CN113062720A CN202110385858.4A CN202110385858A CN113062720A CN 113062720 A CN113062720 A CN 113062720A CN 202110385858 A CN202110385858 A CN 202110385858A CN 113062720 A CN113062720 A CN 113062720A
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003721 gunpowder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/295—Gasification of minerals, e.g. for producing mixtures of combustible gases
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
- E21B43/1185—Ignition systems
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells
- E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a shaft structure, and a well-free coal underground gasification ignition system and method using the shaft structure. 1, drilling two horizontal wells with the horizontal section interval of about 1.5 meters into the underground coal seam on the ground. The two horizontal wells can run in opposite directions or in parallel. And 2, conveying the perforating device to a preset horizontal section coal seam of one of the horizontal wells (such as the first horizontal well) by using a coiled tubing or an oil pipe to perform directional perforation towards the second horizontal well, so as to form communication between the two shafts. And 3, conveying the ignition device to the position of the coal seam of the horizontal well I with the perforation, electrifying to ignite the ignition device, generating long-time high-temperature flame, simultaneously inputting a large amount of oxygen into the horizontal well I from a ground oxygen supply station, igniting the coal seam to form a coal underground gasification furnace, and outputting the generated mixed coal gas outwards from the shaft of the horizontal well II. Compared with other existing modes, the ignition mode can quickly and reliably ignite and burn at any position of a coal seam, a larger underground gasification furnace is formed, and more combustion gas is generated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of underground coal gasification, and particularly relates to a shaft structure, and a well-free underground coal gasification ignition system and method applying the shaft structure.
Background
Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is a process in which Coal located Underground is subjected to controlled combustion to produce combustible gases by thermal and chemical action on the Coal. The process is mainly realized in a gasification channel of an underground gasification furnace.
The principle and process of underground coal gasification are completely the same as those of ground gas plant for producing coal gas, and the product is the same, except that the former belongs to a chemical coal mining method, and the coal buried in depth is ignited underground, burned and converted into combustible gases of CO, CH4 and H2, and then the gas is directly conveyed to the ground.
The underground coal gasification technology can not only recover abandoned coal resources in a mine, but also be used for mining thin coal seams, deep coal seams, high-sulfur coal seams, high-ash coal seams and high-gas coal seams which are difficult to mine by miners or have poor economy and safety; the ash slag after underground gasification and combustion is left underground, the ground surface subsidence is reduced, no solid matter is discharged, the coal gas can be purified in a centralized manner, and the damage to the environment in the coal mining and using processes is greatly reduced. The underground gasified gas can be used as fuel gas for direct civil use and power generation, and can also be used for extracting pure hydrogen or used as raw material gas of synthetic oil, dimethyl ether, ammonia and methanol. Therefore, the underground coal gasification technology has better economic benefit and environmental benefit, can greatly improve the utilization rate and utilization level of coal resources, and is an important research and development direction of clean coal technologies of various countries.
One of the key technologies in the coal underground gasification technology is the ignition problem of the coal underground gasification furnace. The underground gasification furnace can be divided into a well type and a non-well type according to the construction method. The shaft-free type is that a directional horizontal well and a vertical well are drilled on the ground to form an underground gasification furnace, and then ignition and combustion are carried out to gasify coal.
At present, ignition modes of a well-free coal underground gasification furnace at home and abroad mainly comprise the following 5 modes: hot air ignition, electrical ignition, chemical ignition, coke ignition, gas ignition. However, the conventional ignition systems have various problems. The prior art method has the problems that a U-shaped well is arranged for underground coal gasification, but the ignition time is long, the danger is high, the ignition is unreliable, coal cannot be fully combusted, the ignition cannot be carried out at a specific position, the combustion space is limited, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: in order to solve various problems and defects in the prior art, the invention designs a shaft structure and a well-free type ignition system and method for underground coal gasification by applying the shaft structure.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a well structure is characterized by comprising two horizontal wells, wherein each horizontal well comprises a horizontal section and a vertical section, the horizontal sections of the two horizontal wells are positioned in a coal seam, and the two horizontal sections are communicated and connected with an ignition device through a perforation;
the horizontal section of one of the horizontal wells is used for placing a perforation and ignition device, and an outlet of the vertical section corresponding to the horizontal section is connected with an oxygen supply system;
and the horizontal section of the other horizontal well is used for generating gas, and the outlet of the vertical section corresponding to the horizontal section is connected with a gas collection system.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the horizontal sections of the two horizontal wells are parallel to each other.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the maximum distance between the horizontal sections of the two horizontal wells is the perforation depth of the perforating charges in the perforating and igniting ignition device.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: and a perforation and ignition device is arranged in one horizontal well, and the position of the perforation and ignition device is positioned below the horizontal section of the other horizontal well.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the two horizontal wells are horizontal wells which run in opposite directions or parallel horizontal wells.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the vertical section outlets of the horizontal wells which run in the opposite direction, namely the two horizontal wells, are positioned on the same side of the stratum.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the outlets of the vertical sections of the parallel horizontal wells, namely the two horizontal wells, are positioned on the opposite sides of the stratum.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the well-free type ignition system for underground coal gasification in the well structure is characterized by comprising a perforation and ignition device, an oxygen supply station, a derrick, an oil pipe or a continuous oil pipe, a logging truck and a gas collection station;
the perforation and ignition device is used for carrying out perforation detonation communication on the horizontal section of the first horizontal well and the horizontal section of the second horizontal well;
the oxygen supply station is used for supplying oxygen when coal is combusted, and the gas collecting station is used for collecting gas after the coal is gasified;
the oil pipe or the coiled tubing is positioned on the logging truck and used for pressurizing the perforating device.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the perforation and ignition device comprises a directional perforation device, a pressure detonator and an ignition device. The perforating device firstly completes directional perforation from the first horizontal well to the second horizontal well, and the ignition device then ignites the coal seam.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the ignition method of the ignition system for the underground gasification of the shaft-free coal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: placing the directional perforating device at the perforating position of the horizontal section of the first horizontal well, and adjusting the perforating direction to the perforating position of the horizontal section of the second horizontal well;
step 2: pressurizing a pressure detonator on the directional perforating device through an oil pipe or a continuous oil pipe, detonating the directional perforating device after the pressure detonator is detonated, and perforating the directional perforating device to a second horizontal well so that a through channel is formed between the first horizontal well and the second horizontal well and is communicated with a coal bed;
and step 3: taking out the directional perforating device, simultaneously lowering pumping equipment, and pumping out the accumulated water in the bottom horizontal sections in the first horizontal well and the second horizontal well;
and 4, step 4: conveying the ignition device to a horizontal section in the first horizontal well through an oil pipe or a continuous oil pipe, and adjusting the ignition device to a perforation position;
and 5: the ignition device is electrified and ignited by a magnetoelectric detonator exploder through a cable, a magnetoelectric igniter in the ignition device ignites, flame is output to ignite an ignition bomb in the ignition device, high-temperature gas and flame are generated after the ignition bomb burns, and at the moment, an oxygen supply station supplies oxygen to a large amount of blast air underground through the wellhead of the first horizontal well, so that reliable combustion of coal is ensured;
step 6: and collecting the synthesis gas generated after combustion at the ground outlet end of the second horizontal well into a gas gathering station.
Effects of the invention
The invention has the technical effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention firstly drills two parallel horizontal wells in the coal seam, adopts the perforating device with fixed direction and fixed direction perforation, and then connects the two horizontal wells after the fixed direction perforation to form an effective communication channel, and the communication space can be increased as required, namely the combustion space (and the underground gasification furnace) can be increased as required. And then, in the communicating channel, solid gunpowder which is reliably combusted in an anaerobic environment is adopted for long-time combustion, so that the effects of reliable ignition combustion in the coal bed and reliable collection of coal bed mixed gas are realized.
Compared with other underground ignition modes, the method has the characteristics of safe, accurate, controllable, quick and reliable ignition mode, and can quickly and reliably ignite and burn at any position underground of the coal bed to form the underground coal gasification furnace. When more communication is formed between the two horizontal wells, the formed underground gasification furnace can meet the requirements of larger combustion space and more combustion gas generation.
Practice proves that compared with the prior art, the ignition success rate can be improved by one hundred percent and the gas production can be improved to fifty percent in the underground gasification process of the shaft-free coal by adopting the method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a horizontal well running in opposite directions
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a parallel horizontal well
FIG. 3 is an operational schematic diagram of the directional perforating device
FIG. 4 is an operational view of the ignition device
Description of reference numerals: 1-a first horizontal well; 2-a second horizontal well; 3-formation; 4-a directional perforating device; 5-pressure initiator; 6-an ignition device; 7-an oxygen supply station; 8-a derrick; 9-tubing or coiled tubing; 10-a logging truck; 11-gas gathering station 12-deep coal bed; 13-a perforation tunnel; 14-flame.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-4, a reliable ignition technology and method for well-free coal underground gasification mainly comprises that when ignition bombs in a first horizontal well ignite coal beds, pressure applied to the well from the ground of the first horizontal well 1 enables gas to enter a second horizontal well 2 through a perforation communication channel between the first horizontal well 1 and the second horizontal well 2, and the gas comes out from an inlet of the second horizontal well 2 and is collected by a ground gas collecting station.
The method comprises the following steps:
step 4, taking out the directional perforating device 4, simultaneously putting down pumping equipment, and completely pumping accumulated water in the bottom horizontal section of the first horizontal well 1 and the second horizontal well 2; the directional perforating device 4 is provided with a large fragment perforating bullet in a perforating gun, and most fragments generated after explosion are remained in the perforating gun tube. The perforation depth of the perforating bullet in the coal seam is more than 1.5 meters. The perforating gun has the function of perforating towards the designated direction, and in the construction process, after the perforating device can be well adjusted on the ground, the perforating device can be ensured to accurately perforate towards the direction of the second horizontal well 2 in the first horizontal well 1, and communication between the first horizontal well 1 and the second horizontal well 2 can be effectively formed.
And 6, electrifying the ignition device 6 for ignition by using a magnetoelectric detonator exploder through a cable, igniting a magnetoelectric igniter (also can be an electric igniter of other types) in the ignition device 6, outputting flame to ignite the ignition bomb in the ignition device 6, and generating a large amount of high-temperature gas and flame after the ignition bomb is combusted. The ignition bomb can burn for several to more than ten minutes and reliably ignite and burn coal.
And 7, when the ignition device 6 burns and outputs flame, a large amount of blast air is supplied to the underground from an oxygen supply station (a blast equipment room) on the ground through the wellhead of the horizontal well I1, so that the reliable burning of coal is ensured.
And 8, collecting the synthesis gas generated after combustion at the ground outlet end of the horizontal well and delivering the synthesis gas to a gas gathering station.
Claims (10)
1. A well structure is characterized by comprising two horizontal wells, wherein each horizontal well comprises a horizontal section and a vertical section, the horizontal sections of the two horizontal wells are positioned in a coal seam, and the two horizontal sections are communicated and connected with an ignition device through a perforation;
the horizontal section of one of the horizontal wells is used for placing a perforation and ignition device, and an outlet of the vertical section corresponding to the horizontal section is connected with an oxygen supply system;
and the horizontal section of the other horizontal well is used for generating gas, and the outlet of the vertical section corresponding to the horizontal section is connected with a gas collection system.
2. A hoistway structure as defined in claim 1 wherein the horizontal sections of said two horizontal wells are parallel to each other.
3. A well structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the maximum distance between the horizontal sections of the two horizontal wells is the perforation depth of the perforating charges in the perforating and igniting ignition device.
4. A well structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the perforation and ignition device is placed in one of the horizontal wells and is located below the horizontal section of the other horizontal well.
5. A well structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two horizontal wells are one of a parallel horizontal well and a retrograde horizontal well.
6. A well structure as claimed in claim 5, wherein the outlets of the vertical sections of the two horizontal wells are located on the same side of the formation.
7. A well structure as claimed in claim 5, wherein the outlets of the vertical sections of the parallel horizontal wells (i.e. two horizontal wells) are located on opposite sides of the formation.
8. The well-free coal underground gasification ignition system applying the well structure of claim 1 is characterized by comprising a perforation and ignition device, an oxygen supply station (7), a derrick (8), an oil pipe or a coiled oil pipe, a logging truck (10) and a gas collection station (11);
the perforation and ignition device is used for carrying out perforation detonation communication on the horizontal section of the first horizontal well (1) and the horizontal section of the second horizontal well (2);
the oxygen supply station (7) is used for supplying oxygen when coal is combusted, and the gas collecting station (11) is used for collecting gas after the coal is gasified;
the oil pipe or coiled tubing is positioned on the logging truck (10) and pressurizes the perforating device.
9. The ignition system for shaft-free underground coal gasification according to claim 6, wherein the perforation and ignition device comprises a directional perforation device (4), a pressure initiator (5) and an ignition device (6). The perforating device firstly completes directional perforation from the first horizontal well (1) to the second horizontal well (2), and the ignition device then ignites the coal seam.
10. The ignition method of the ignition system based on the shaft-free underground coal gasification is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: placing the directional perforating device at the perforating position of the horizontal section of the first horizontal well (1), and adjusting the perforating direction to the perforating position of the horizontal section of the second horizontal well (2);
step 2: pressurizing a pressure detonator on the directional perforating device through an oil pipe or a continuous oil pipe, detonating the directional perforating device (4) after the pressure detonator (5) detonates, and perforating the second horizontal well (2) by the directional perforating device to form a through channel between the first horizontal well (1) and the second horizontal well (2) and communicate with a coal bed;
and step 3: taking out the directional perforating device (4), simultaneously lowering pumping equipment, and pumping out the accumulated water in the bottom horizontal section in the first horizontal well (1) and the second horizontal well (2);
and 4, step 4: conveying the ignition device (6) to a horizontal section in the first horizontal well (1) through an oil pipe or a continuous oil pipe, and adjusting the ignition device to a perforation position;
and 5: the ignition device (6) is electrified and ignited by a magnetoelectric detonator exploder through a cable, a magnetoelectric igniter in the ignition device (6) fires, flame is output to ignite an ignition bomb in the ignition device (6), high-temperature gas and flame are generated after the ignition bomb burns, and at the moment, an oxygen supply station supplies oxygen to a large amount of blast air underground through the wellhead of the first horizontal well (1), so that reliable combustion of coal is ensured;
step 6: and collecting the synthesis gas generated after combustion at the ground outlet end of the second horizontal well (2) to a gas collecting station (11).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110385858.4A CN113062720A (en) | 2021-04-11 | 2021-04-11 | Shaft structure and well-free type coal underground gasification ignition system and method applying shaft structure |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110385858.4A CN113062720A (en) | 2021-04-11 | 2021-04-11 | Shaft structure and well-free type coal underground gasification ignition system and method applying shaft structure |
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| CN113062720A true CN113062720A (en) | 2021-07-02 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1651714A (en) * | 2005-02-05 | 2005-08-10 | 辽河石油勘探局 | Coal mining underground vertical gasification furnace building and operating method |
| AU2012101716A4 (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-01-10 | Linc Energy Ltd | Underground coal gasification in thick coal seams |
| CN103244089A (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2013-08-14 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Microwave-assisted solvent extraction method for thick oil |
| CN110939424A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-03-31 | 西安物华巨能爆破器材有限责任公司 | Well-free underground coal gasification ignition method |
| CN111520119A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-08-11 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Method for efficiently extracting coal bed gas by staged fracturing of large-spacing thin coal seam group multi-bottom horizontal well |
-
2021
- 2021-04-11 CN CN202110385858.4A patent/CN113062720A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1651714A (en) * | 2005-02-05 | 2005-08-10 | 辽河石油勘探局 | Coal mining underground vertical gasification furnace building and operating method |
| AU2012101716A4 (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-01-10 | Linc Energy Ltd | Underground coal gasification in thick coal seams |
| CN103244089A (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2013-08-14 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Microwave-assisted solvent extraction method for thick oil |
| CN110939424A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-03-31 | 西安物华巨能爆破器材有限责任公司 | Well-free underground coal gasification ignition method |
| CN111520119A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-08-11 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Method for efficiently extracting coal bed gas by staged fracturing of large-spacing thin coal seam group multi-bottom horizontal well |
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Application publication date: 20210702 |
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