CN110922569A - 一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物及其制法与应用 - Google Patents

一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物及其制法与应用 Download PDF

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CN110922569A
CN110922569A CN201911298922.4A CN201911298922A CN110922569A CN 110922569 A CN110922569 A CN 110922569A CN 201911298922 A CN201911298922 A CN 201911298922A CN 110922569 A CN110922569 A CN 110922569A
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应磊
朱春光
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Dongguan Volt Ampere Photoelectric Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于聚合物半导体材料领域,具体涉及一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体‑受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物及其制法与应用。该共轭聚合物半导体的结构如式(I)所示。本发明提供的共轭聚合物有良好的溶解性、成膜性和热稳定性,并且其光学带隙小于1。以本发明报道的一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体‑受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物为活性层制备的有机光探测器展现出优异的性能,其暗电流密度在10‑6mA/cm2以下,充分展示了该类超低带隙共轭聚合物材料在有机光伏、逻辑互补电路、有机光探测器、有机场效应晶体管、有机发光二极管、生物医学影像等有机电子器件中具有广阔的市场前景。

Description

一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合 物及其制法与应用
技术领域
本发明属于聚合物半导体材料领域,具体涉及一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
超低带隙共轭聚合物具有极小的光学带隙(<1.0eV)、超宽的光谱响应特征、高的电子亲和力、高的透过率等优点,在双极性场效应晶体管(FETs)、近红外光探测器以及近红外生物成像等领域中具有广阔的应用前景。目前,大多数超低带隙的共轭聚合物是通过将强缺电特性的受体(A)单元与强富电特性的给体(D)单元交替共聚来获得,并且该方法也能够有效的调节共轭聚合物能级轨道。然而,相比给体单元,用于超低带隙共轭聚合物的受体构建单元稀缺,目前主要集中在噻唑和吡嗪环杂环受体单元,譬如苯并双噻二唑(BBT,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2011,133,20799),噻吩并吡嗪(TP,Chem.Commun.,2011,47,11394),茚酮缩合噻唑并吡嗪(TQ,Macromolecules.,2019,52,6149-6159)。因此,进一步开发新型的强缺电受体单元及其超低带隙共轭聚合物具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的首要目的在于提供一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物,所述共轭聚合物暗电流密度在10-6mA/cm2以下;
本发明另一目的在于提供上述一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物的制备方法;
本发明再一目的在于提供上述一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物在有机光探测器中的应用。
本发明目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物,具有如下所示式(I)结构:
Figure BDA0002321368980000021
所述式(I)中,n为10-300的整数,优选为50-150的整数,更优选为100;
R为碳原子总数为6–16的直链烷基或碳原子总数为8–30的支链烷基中的一种;
X为氧原子、硫原子、硒原子或碲原子中的一种;
Ar为以下式(II)、式(III)、式(IV)、式(Ⅴ)、式(Ⅵ)、式(Ⅶ)、式(Ⅷ)和式(Ⅸ)所示结构中的一种,但不限于以下结构式,其中Ar中R的定义与式(I)中R的定义相同;
Figure BDA0002321368980000022
优选的,所述共轭聚合物为如下所示结构式中的一种:
Figure BDA0002321368980000031
其中,n为10-300的整数,优选为50-150的整数,更优选为100;
R为碳原子总数为6–16的直链烷基或碳原子总数为8–30的支链烷基中的一种;
X为氧原子、硫原子、硒原子或碲原子中的一种。
优选的,本发明所述取代基R中,所述碳原子总数为6–16的直链烷基为正己基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基、正癸基、正十一烷基、正十二烷基、正十三烷基、正十四烷基、正十五烷基或正十六烷基;所述碳原子总数为8–30的支链烷基为2-乙基己基,2-丁基己基、2-己基辛基、4-己基癸基、3-己基十一烷基、2-辛基癸基、2-辛基十二烷基、3-辛基十三烷基、2-癸基十二烷基、2-癸基十四烷基、3-癸基十五烷基、2-十二烷基十六烷基、4-辛基十四烷基、4-癸基十六烷基、4-辛基十二烷基、4-癸基十四烷基或4-十二烷基十六烷基。
最优选的,所述共轭聚合物为如下PQIT-T或PQIT-BDT所示结构式中的一种:
Figure BDA0002321368980000041
所述PQIT-T和PQIT-BDT中,n的定义与其在式(I)中的定义相同。
一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物的制备方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
(A)将二氧代琥珀酸二乙酯与4,7-二溴-5,6-二硝基苯并二唑衍生物反应,得到化合物a;
所述二氧代琥珀酸二乙酯的结构式为:
Figure BDA0002321368980000042
所述4,7-二溴-5,6-二硝基苯并二唑衍生物结构式为:
Figure BDA0002321368980000043
其中,X为氧原子、硫原子、硒原子或碲原子;
所述化合物a的结构式为:
Figure BDA0002321368980000051
(B)将化合物a与氢氧化钠反应,得到化合物b;
所述化合物b的结构式为:
Figure BDA0002321368980000052
(C)将化合物b与乙酰氯进行反应,得到化合物c;
所述化合物c的结构式为:
Figure BDA0002321368980000053
(D)将化合物c和烷基胺进行反应,得到单体化合物M1;
所述单体化合物M1的结构式为:
Figure BDA0002321368980000054
(E)将单体化合物M1和双甲基锡基取代芳香杂环单体d置于溶剂中进行钯催化偶联反应,反应完毕得到共轭聚合物;
其中双甲基锡基取代芳香杂环单体d的结构式为:
Figure BDA0002321368980000061
其中,Ar的定义与其在式(I)的定义相同;
上述结构式中R、X的定义与其在式(I)的定义相同。
优选地,上述一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将二氧代琥珀酸二乙酯、4,7-二溴-5,6-二硝基苯并二唑衍生物和溶剂混合均匀,然后回流搅拌反应1–24小时后,冷却至室温,反应液经纯化后得到化合物a;
(2)将化合物a、氢氧化钠和溶剂混合均匀,然后回流搅拌反应1–24小时后,冷却至室温,反应液经纯化后得到化合物b;
(3)将化合物b和乙酰氯溶剂混合均匀,然后回流搅拌反应1–24小时后,冷却至室温,反应液经纯化后得到化合物c;
(4)将化合物c、烷基胺和溶剂混合均匀,然后回流搅拌反应1–24小时后,冷却至室温,反应液经纯化后得到单体化合物M1;
(5)将M1、双甲基锡基取代芳香杂环单体d、溶剂和钯催化剂混合均匀,然后在80~120℃回流搅拌反应10–72小时后,冷却至室温,反应液经纯化后得到最终产物。
步骤(1)所述的4,7-二溴-5,6-二硝基苯并二唑衍生物为4,7-二溴-5,6-二硝基-苯并[c][1,2,5]噻二唑、4,7-二溴-5,6-二硝基-苯并[c][1,2,5]硒二唑、4,7-二溴-5,6-二硝基-苯并[c][1,2,5]噁二唑和4,7-二溴-5,6-二硝基-苯并[c][1,2,5]碲二唑中的一种;
步骤(1)所述4,7-二溴-5,6-二硝基苯并二唑衍生物:二氧代琥珀酸二乙酯的摩尔比为1:1-10;
步骤(1)中所述溶剂为乙酸、盐酸和异丙醇中的至少一种。
步骤(2)所述化合物a:氢氧化钠的摩尔比为1:1-100;
步骤(2)中所述溶剂为水、四氢呋喃和乙醇中的至少一种。
步骤(3)所述化合物b:乙酰氯的摩尔比为1:1-100;
步骤(4)所述化合物c:烷基胺的摩尔比1:1-100;
步骤(4)所述溶剂选自四氢呋喃、乙酸、N,N'-二甲基甲酰胺、吡啶中的至少一种。
步骤(1)-步骤(4)中,回流搅拌反应的温度均为60-200℃。
步骤(5)所述单体化合物M1、双甲基锡基取代芳香杂环单体d和钯催化剂的摩尔比为1:1-5:0.01-0.1;
步骤(5)所述溶剂选自甲苯、二甲苯、甲基萘、氯苯、二氯苯、二氯萘、三氯苯、氯萘和四氢呋喃中的至少一种;
优选的,步骤(5)所述回流搅拌反应温度为120℃,反应时间为48小时。
步骤(5)所述钯催化剂选自四(三苯基膦)钯、醋酸钯、二(三苯基膦)二氯化钯和三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯中的至少一种,优选为双(三苯基磷)二氯化钯。
步骤(1)~(4)中所述纯化为将反应液采用二氯甲烷萃取,然后将有机相用硫酸镁干燥,旋干溶剂得粗产品,然后采用硅胶色谱柱提纯,即可分别得到橘色固体化合物a、橙色固体化合物b、红色固体化合物c、红色固体单体化合物M1;
步骤(5)所述纯化为将反应液沉降于甲醇中,抽滤,收集蓝褐色固体,再采用索式抽提器提纯目标聚合物,旋干溶剂得金色光泽的黑色固体产物。
本发明所述制备方法优选为在保护性气体下进行。
上述一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物在有机光伏、逻辑互补电路、有机光探测器、有机场效应晶体管、有机发光二极管、生物医学影像领域中的应用。
上述一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物在制备有机光探测器中的应用。
本发明的优点在于:
1、合成方法具有普适性强、合成路线简短、合成产率高、反应原料易得等优点,可以推广应用工业中的放大合成与生产。
2、该类共轭聚合物分子主链具有杂原子的大π共轭骨架,可增强分子链间的π–π相互作用,提高载流子迁移率。
3、该类共轭聚合物由于有较强的给受体相互作用,容易获得超低带隙和理想的能级轨道。
4、本发明所构造的聚合物半导体材料可通过控制给体的给电子能力,进而调控聚合物分子链间的组装能力、光谱吸收、能级结构,这样有利于开发出综合性能优异的共轭聚合物半导体材料。
5、本发明报道的一系列基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物在有机光伏、逻辑互补电路、有机光探测器、有机场效应晶体管、有机发光二极管、生物医学影像等有机电子器件中具有广阔的市场前景。
6、本发明所得基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物作为器件活性层,其有机光探测器的暗电流密度在10-6mA/cm2以下。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备所得的一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物PQIT-T在氯仿溶液和石英片上固态薄膜的吸收光谱。
图2为实施例2制备所得的一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物PQIT-BDT在氯仿溶液和石英片上固态薄膜的吸收光谱。
图3为以实施例1和实施例2制备所得的一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物PQIT-T和PQIT-BDT为有机活性半导体层的有机光探测器件的结构示意图。
图4为以实施例1和实施例2所得的一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物为有机活性半导体层的有机光探测器的J–V曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。所述方法如无特别说明均为常规方法。所述原材料如无特别说明均能从公开商业途径获得。下述实施例中所用的反应底物4,7-二溴-5,6-二硝基苯并[c][1,2,5]噻二唑(苏州纳凯科技有限公司购买)、二氧代琥珀酸二乙酯(参照文献合成Org.Lett.,2011,13(22),6090-6093)、2-辛基十二胺、2,5-双(三甲基锡基)噻吩、2,6-二(三甲基锡)-4,8-二(5-(2-乙基己基)噻吩基-2-)-苯并二噻吩(CAS:1352642-37-5)都可从商业途径得到,其余所用反应溶剂和催化剂均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
一种化学结构为PQIT-T的共轭聚合物,其合成路线如下所示:
Figure BDA0002321368980000101
(1)化学结构式为a的化合物的合成:氮气保护下,向三口瓶中加入4,7-二溴-5,6-二硝基苯并[c][1,2,5]噻二唑(苏州纳凯科技有限公司购买)(1mmol)、二氧代琥珀酸二乙酯(3mmol)和70mL乙酸溶剂。回流12小时后,冷却至室温。采用二氯甲烷萃取,有机相用硫酸镁干燥,旋干溶剂得粗产品。然后采用硅胶色谱柱提纯得目标产物a,产率=85%。
结构表征数据如下,
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):5.46-5.38(m,2H),1.48(d,12H);
MALDI-TOF-MS:m/z=569.09(M+).
由上可知,该化合物结构正确,为所示化合物a。
(2)化学结构式为b的化合物的合成:氮气保护下,向三口瓶中加入化合物a(1mmol)、氢氧化钠(3mmol)和40mL四氢呋喃溶剂。回流4小时后,冷却至室温。加入盐酸调节pH=1,抽滤固体得粗产品。粗产品由于溶解性差,未经提纯直接用于下一步。
结构表征数据如下,
MALDI-TOF-MS:m/z=480.93(M+).
由上可知,该化合物结构正确,为所示化合物b。
(3)化学结构式为c的化合物的合成:氮气保护下,向三口瓶中加入化合物b(1mmol)和乙酰氯(50mmol)。回流4小时后,冷却至室温。旋干溶剂加入石油醚抽滤得粗产品。粗产品由于溶解性差,未经提纯直接用于下一步。
结构表征数据如下,
MALDI-TOF-MS:m/z=462.91(M+).
由上可知,该化合物结构正确,为所示化合物c。
(4)化学结构式为M1的单体的合成:氮气保护下,向三口瓶中加入化合物c(1mmol)、2-辛基十二胺(3mmol)和40mL乙酸溶剂。回流10小时后,冷却至室温。采用二氯甲烷萃取,有机相用硫酸镁干燥,旋干溶剂得粗产品。然后采用硅胶色谱柱提纯得目标产物M1,产率=85%。
结构表征数据如下,
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):3.90-3.88(d,2H),2.04-2.00(m,1H),1.34–1.25(m,35H),0.87-0.85(t,6H);
MALDI-TOF-MS:m/z=714.42(M+).
由上可知,该化合物结构正确,为所示目标单体M1。
(5)化学结构式为式(I)所示共轭聚合物PQIT-T的合成:往25mL的三口瓶中,依次加入式M1所示单体化合物(0.1mmol)、2,5-双(三甲基锡基)噻吩(0.1mmol)、四三苯基磷钯(0.01mmol)和氯苯(5mL)加入到反应瓶中,在氩气中进行三次冷冻-抽气-解冻循环除氧,然后将反应混合物加热到120℃反应48h。冷却后,加入200mL甲醇,室温下搅拌2h,过滤。得到的聚合物装入索氏提取器抽提。先用甲醇、丙酮、正己烷抽提至无色,除去小分子和催化剂,再用三氯甲烷提取得到最终产物,产率=92%。
所得聚合物PQIT-T的分子量表征数据如下:重均分子量为52.2kDa,数均分子量为20.9kDa,聚合物分子量分布指数为2.50。
实施例2
一种化学结构为PQIT-BDT的共轭聚合物,其合成路线如下所示:
Figure BDA0002321368980000121
(1)化学结构式为M1的单体的合成:参照上述实施例1的合成方法合成。
(2)化学结构式为式(I)所示共轭聚合物PQIT-BDT的合成:往25mL的三口瓶中,依次加入式M1所示单体化合物(0.1mmol)、2,6-二(三甲基锡)-4,8-二(5-(2-乙基己基)噻吩基-2-)-苯并二噻吩(0.1mmol)、四三苯基磷钯(0.01mmol)和氯苯(5mL)加入到反应瓶中,在氩气中进行三次冷冻-抽气-解冻循环除氧,然后将反应混合物加热到120℃反应48h。冷却后,加入200mL甲醇,室温下搅拌2h,过滤。得到的聚合物装入索氏提取器抽提。先用甲醇、丙酮、正己烷抽提至无色,除去小分子和催化剂,再用三氯甲烷提取得到最终产物,产率=90%。
所得聚合物PQIT-BDT的分子量表征数据如下:重均分子量为49.2kDa,数均分子量为22.9kDa,聚合物分子量分布指数为2.18。
上述实施例1和2制备所得聚合物PQIT-T和PQIT-BDT的光谱性质以及有机光探测器性质的测定:
(1)聚合物PQIT-T和PQIT-BDT的吸收光谱性质
图1为聚合物PQIT-T在氯苯溶液和石英片上薄膜(薄膜通过在石英片上旋涂氯仿溶液制备)的紫外–可见–近红外吸收光谱。由图1可知,聚合物PQIT-T溶液和薄膜均展现出宽的吸收范围,其薄膜吸收最大吸收边带值都为1620nm左右,相应的光学带隙为0.76eV(光学带隙根据公式Eg=1240/λ计算,其中Eg为光学带隙,λ为薄膜吸收最大吸收边带值)。
图2为聚合物PQIT-BDT在氯苯溶液和石英片上薄膜(薄膜通过在石英片上旋涂氯仿溶液制备)的紫外–可见–近红外吸收光谱。由图2可知,聚合物PQIT-BDT溶液和薄膜均展现出宽的吸收范围,其薄膜吸收最大吸收边带值都为1608nm左右,相应的光学带隙为0.77eV(光学带隙根据公式Eg=1240/λ计算,其中Eg为光学带隙,λ为薄膜吸收最大吸收边带值)。
(2)聚合物PQIT-T和PQIT-BDT的有机光探测器性能测定
本发明采用如图3所示器件结构研究聚合物薄膜在有机光探测器中的半导体特性。其器件制备方法具体如下:取预先做好的方块电阻为10Ω的氧化铟锡(ITO)玻璃,依次用丙酮、洗涤剂、去离子水和异丙醇超声清洗,等离子处理10分钟;在ITO上旋涂参杂有聚苯乙烯磺酸的聚乙氧基噻吩(PEDOT:PSS=1:6,w/w)膜,厚度为30nm PEDOT:PSS膜在真空烘箱里80℃下干燥8小时;随后将polymer:PC71BM=1:1.5w/w的氯苯溶液(2wt.%)旋涂在PEDOT:PSS膜的表面,厚度为100nm,作为活性层;最后在活性层上依次蒸镀一层10nm厚的Ca和100nm厚的金属Al层,器件结构:ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer:PC71BM/Ca/Al。测试结果如图4所示:以聚合物PQIT-T为活性层的器件在-0.1V下的暗电流Jsc为2.95×10-8mA/cm2;以聚合物PQIT-BDT为活性层的器件在-0.1V下的暗电流Jsc为1.13×10-6mA/cm2
此外,所得研究结果证实:本发明提供的式(I)所示一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物是一类综合性能优异的共轭聚合物;该类聚合物半导体材料具有大的共平面骨架、强的杂原子作用、和良好溶液加工性能。本发明所提供的制备方法简单有效、原料易得以及推广性强等优势。通过改变不同的助溶烷基链、杂原子取代和共聚单元,可制备出系列的综合性能优异的基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物材料,这对于研究聚合物半导体结构与性能之间的内在关联具有非常重要的意义,对今后开发高性能的超低带隙共轭聚合物具有指导意义。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物,其特征在于,具有如下所示式(I)结构:
Figure FDA0002321368970000011
所述式(I)中,n为10-300的整数;
R为碳原子总数为6–16的直链烷基或碳原子总数为8–30的支链烷基中的一种;
X为氧原子、硫原子、硒原子或碲原子中的一种;
Ar为以下式(II)、式(III)、式(IV)、式(Ⅴ)、式(Ⅵ)、式(Ⅶ)、式(Ⅷ)和式(Ⅸ)所示结构中的一种:
Figure FDA0002321368970000012
Figure FDA0002321368970000013
其中Ar中R的定义与(I)的R的定义相同。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物,其特征在于,所述共轭聚合物为如下所示结构式中的一种:
Figure FDA0002321368970000021
其中,n为10-300的整数;
R为碳原子总数为6–16的直链烷基或碳原子总数为8–30的支链烷基中的一种;
X为氧原子、硫原子、硒原子或碲原子中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物,其特征在于,所述取代基R中,所述碳原子总数为6–16的直链烷基为正己基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基、正癸基、正十一烷基、正十二烷基、正十三烷基、正十四烷基、正十五烷基或正十六烷基;所述碳原子总数为8–30的支链烷基为2-乙基己基,2-丁基己基、2-己基辛基、4-己基癸基、3-己基十一烷基、2-辛基癸基、2-辛基十二烷基、3-辛基十三烷基、2-癸基十二烷基、2-癸基十四烷基、3-癸基十五烷基、2-十二烷基十六烷基、4-辛基十四烷基、4-癸基十六烷基、4-辛基十二烷基、4-癸基十四烷基或4-十二烷基十六烷基;
所述n为50-150的整数。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物,其特征在于,所述共轭聚合物为如下PQIT-T或PQIT-BDT所示结构式中的一种:
Figure FDA0002321368970000031
所述PQIT-T和PQIT-BDT中,n为10-300的整数。
5.权利要求1-4任一项所述的一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括如下步骤:
(A)将二氧代琥珀酸二乙酯与4,7-二溴-5,6-二硝基苯并二唑衍生物反应,得到化合物a;所述二氧代琥珀酸二乙酯的结构式为:
Figure FDA0002321368970000032
所述4,7-二溴-5,6-二硝基苯并二唑衍生物结构式为:
Figure FDA0002321368970000033
其中,X为氧原子、硫原子、硒原子或碲原子;
所述化合物a的结构式为:
Figure FDA0002321368970000034
X为氧原子、硫原子、硒原子或碲原子;
(B)将化合物a与氢氧化钠反应,得到化合物b;
所述化合物b的结构式为:
Figure FDA0002321368970000041
X为氧原子、硫原子、硒原子或碲原子;
(C)将化合物b与乙酰氯进行反应,得到化合物c;
所述化合物c的结构式为:
Figure FDA0002321368970000042
X为氧原子、硫原子、硒原子或碲原子;
(D)将化合物c和烷基胺进行反应,得到单体化合物M1;
所述单体化合物M1的结构式为:
Figure FDA0002321368970000043
其中,R为碳原子总数为6–16的直链烷基或碳原子总数为8–30的支链烷基中的一种,X为氧原子、硫原子、硒原子或碲原子;
(E)将单体化合物M1和双甲基锡基取代芳香杂环单体d置于溶剂中进行钯催化偶联反应,反应完毕得到共轭聚合物;
其中双甲基锡基取代芳香杂环单体d的结构式为:
Figure FDA0002321368970000051
其中,Ar的定义与其在式(I)的定义相同。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将二氧代琥珀酸二乙酯、4,7-二溴-5,6-二硝基苯并二唑衍生物和溶剂混合均匀,然后回流搅拌反应1–24小时后,冷却至室温,反应液经纯化后得到化合物a;
(2)将化合物a、氢氧化钠和溶剂混合均匀,然后回流搅拌反应1–24小时后,冷却至室温,反应液经纯化后得到化合物b;
(3)将化合物b和乙酰氯溶剂混合均匀,然后回流搅拌反应1–24小时后,冷却至室温,反应液经纯化后得到化合物c;
(4)将化合物c、烷基胺和溶剂混合均匀,然后回流搅拌反应1–24小时后,冷却至室温,反应液经纯化后得到单体化合物M1;
(5)将M1、双甲基锡基取代芳香杂环单体d、溶剂和钯催化剂混合均匀,然后在80~120℃回流搅拌反应10–72小时后,冷却至室温,反应液经纯化后得到最终产物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述4,7-二溴-5,6-二硝基苯并二唑衍生物:二氧代琥珀酸二乙酯的摩尔比为1:1-10;
步骤(2)所述化合物a:氢氧化钠的摩尔比为1:1-100;
步骤(3)所述化合物b:乙酰氯的摩尔比为1:1-100;
步骤(4)所述化合物c:烷基胺的摩尔比1:1-100;
步骤(5)所述单体化合物M1、双甲基锡基取代芳香杂环单体d和钯催化剂的摩尔比为1:1-5:0.01-0.1。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,
步骤(1)-步骤(4)中,回流搅拌反应的温度均为60-200℃;
步骤(5)所述回流搅拌反应温度为120℃,反应时间为48小时。
9.根据权利要求6所述的一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的4,7-二溴-5,6-二硝基苯并二唑衍生物为4,7-二溴-5,6-二硝基-苯并[c][1,2,5]噻二唑、4,7-二溴-5,6-二硝基-苯并[c][1,2,5]硒二唑、4,7-二溴-5,6-二硝基-苯并[c][1,2,5]噁二唑和4,7-二溴-5,6-二硝基-苯并[c][1,2,5]碲二唑中的一种;
步骤(1)中所述溶剂为乙酸、盐酸和异丙醇中的至少一种;
步骤(2)中所述溶剂为水、四氢呋喃和乙醇中的至少一种;
步骤(4)所述溶剂选自四氢呋喃、乙酸、N,N'-二甲基甲酰胺、吡啶中的至少一种;
步骤(5)所述溶剂选自甲苯、二甲苯、甲基萘、氯苯、二氯苯、二氯萘、三氯苯、氯萘和四氢呋喃中的至少一种;
步骤(5)所述钯催化剂选自四(三苯基膦)钯、醋酸钯、二(三苯基膦)二氯化钯和三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯中的至少一种。
10.权利要求1-4任一项所述的一种基于酰亚胺吡嗪杂环的给体-受体型超低带隙共轭聚合物在有机光伏、逻辑互补电路、有机光探测器、有机场效应晶体管、有机发光二极管、生物医学影像领域中的应用。
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