CN110915342B - Method for preventing and controlling weeds in return farmland and promoting target population recovery and reconstruction - Google Patents
Method for preventing and controlling weeds in return farmland and promoting target population recovery and reconstruction Download PDFInfo
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- CN110915342B CN110915342B CN201911035812.9A CN201911035812A CN110915342B CN 110915342 B CN110915342 B CN 110915342B CN 201911035812 A CN201911035812 A CN 201911035812A CN 110915342 B CN110915342 B CN 110915342B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
Abstract
A method for preventing and controlling weeds in a back-plowed land and promoting target population recovery and reconstruction relates to a method for preventing and controlling weeds in a back-plowed land and promoting target population recovery and reconstruction, belonging to the technical field of ecological engineering. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing straws; secondly, land preparation; thirdly, plant supplement; fourthly, covering the straws; and fifthly, hydrologic management. The method controls weeds by crop straws and hydrologic management measures, is provided according to the ecological characteristics of plants and accords with the objective law in the nature; compared with the measures of herbicide, fire burning and manual cutting, the method has the advantages of small damage to target plants, low cost, ecology, environmental protection, simplicity, convenience and practicability; by consuming the crop straws, the risk of straw burning can be reduced, and considerable benefits are brought to farmers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preventing and controlling weeds in a back-plowed land and promoting target population recovery and reconstruction, and belongs to the technical field of ecological engineering.
Background
The wetland protection and restoration system scheme (No. 2016 of the official work) proposes to increase the area of the wetland in China by means of the measures of returning from tillage to wet, recovering from drained degraded wetland and the like. However, under the condition of high economic output of cultivated land, how to smoothly promote the work of land backing and returning to wet and how to ensure that the land backing is not reclaimed is a practical problem in front of government management departments and scientific research personnel. The ecological organic industry is developed in the abandoned land, and if the honey source plants are supplemented to provide stable and high-quality honey sources for bees, the income of farmers can be increased, and the ecological restoration of the abandoned land is also of great significance.
In the initial stage of vegetation succession in the regrooving and returning wetland, a large number of weeds are mainly used, and the regrooving and returning wetland has the characteristics of fast growth and tall, large and compact plants. On one hand, the illumination and temperature conditions of the soil surface are changed; on the other hand, accumulation of thicker litters and rhizomes also limits target population establishment by mechanical hindrance, allelopathic effects (Levine JM, Vila MD, Antonio CM, Dukes JS, Gritulis K, Lavorel S.mechanism underslung the imprints of exotic plants invasions. Proc R SocLondsER B biolSci,2003,270:775 781.). Therefore, the effective control of the growth and the multiplication of the weeds in the back-ploughing and wet land is a key link for the success of the development of the ecological organic industry. At present, measures such as herbicide, fire burning, manual cutting and the like are mainly taken for weeding farmland, although the measures control weeds to a certain extent, the methods also have the defects of target plant inhibition, easy environmental pollution, high treatment cost and the like, and the control efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that weeds in a back-plowed land grow and interfere with the establishment of a target plant population, and provides a method for preventing and controlling weeds in the back-plowed land and promoting the recovery and reconstruction of the target population.
The method for preventing and controlling weeds in the extirpated land and promoting target population recovery and reconstruction is carried out according to the following steps:
Firstly, straw preparation: according to the target plant biological characteristics of the back-plowing land and the area of the back-plowing land, utilizing crop straws to manufacture a straw curtain with the width and the length consistent with the row spacing of the planted plants in the back-plowing land;
secondly, land arrangement: before planting, carrying out measures of clearing up the litter on the surface of the withdrawn cultivated land, burying a ditch and turning over soil;
thirdly, plant supplement: supplementing target plants to the back-ploughed land treated in the second step and keeping soil moist;
fourthly, straw covering: paving the straw curtain manufactured in the first step on the ground surface treated in the third step, wherein the paving thickness of the straw curtain is 0.5-4 cm;
fifthly, hydrologic management: according to the water depth ecological range of the target plant, after the plant slows seedling, the water depth of the surface of the back-plowing land is maintained to fluctuate within the range of 1-10 cm, and the back-plowing land weed control is completed to promote target population recovery reconstruction.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the weed is controlled by crop straws and hydrologic management measures, is provided according to the ecological characteristics of plant organisms, and accords with the objective law in the natural world;
2. compared with the measures of herbicide, fire burning and manual cutting, the method has the advantages of small damage to target plants, low cost, ecology, environmental protection, simplicity, convenience and practicability;
3. Through consuming the crop straw, can reduce the risk of straw burning, and bring considerable income for the peasant household.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the effect of different test treatments on the total plant coverage of a Stachys lansium planting field;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the effect of different test treatments on the biomass of weeds in a Stachys lansium plantation;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of different experimental treatments on the abundance of species in the Mustachys pilosus field.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, but includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for preventing and controlling weeds in the extirpated land and promoting target population recovery and reconstruction is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, straw preparation: according to the target plant biological characteristics of the back-plowing land and the area of the back-plowing land, utilizing crop straws to manufacture a straw curtain with the width and the length consistent with the row spacing of the planted plants in the back-plowing land;
secondly, land finishing: before planting, carrying out measures of clearing up litter on the surface of the withdrawn cultivated land, burying a ditch and turning over soil (creating suitable land standing conditions for establishing a target population);
thirdly, plant supplement: supplementing target plants in the back-ploughed land treated in the second step, and keeping soil moist (promoting recovery and reconstruction of target plant population);
Fourthly, straw covering: paving the straw grass curtain manufactured in the first step on the ground surface treated in the third step, wherein the paving thickness of the straw grass curtain is 0.5-4cm (inhibiting weed sprouting and simultaneously not influencing the renewal growth of target plants);
fifthly, hydrologic management: according to the water depth ecological range of the target plant, after the plant slows seedlings, the water depth of the surface of the back-plowing land is maintained to fluctuate within the range of 1-10 cm (the sprouting and growth of weeds are inhibited, and the target population recovery reconstruction is promoted), namely the prevention and control of the weeds in the back-plowing land is completed and the target population recovery reconstruction is promoted.
The second embodiment is as follows: the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that the soil plowing depth in the second step is 5-30 cm. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the difference between the embodiment and the embodiment I or II is that the seedling height of the supplementary target plant in the step III is 5-20 cm. The others are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: this embodiment differs from one of the first to third embodiments in that the seedling height of the supplementary target plant described in step three is 10 cm. The rest is the same as one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between the first embodiment and the fourth embodiment is that the straw mat is laid in a way that the straws are perpendicular to each other in the fourth step. The rest is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode is as follows: the difference between the embodiment mode and one of the first to the fifth embodiment modes is that the paving thickness of the straw mat in the fourth step is 1 cm. The rest is the same as one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between the embodiment mode and one of the first to sixth embodiment modes is that the paving thickness of the straw mat in the fourth step is 0.6 cm. The rest is the same as one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The following tests are adopted to verify the effect of the invention:
the big and good river protection area of the runhuan county is located in the plain area of three rivers of the black dragon river province in China, and the area of the existing cultivated land is nearly 15000 hectares. The Shanghai county is the main producing area of black bees in northeast of China, and the black bee industry is the pillar industry of the Shanghai county. The development of ecological planting of the nectariferous plants such as the Maohui in the ploughed-down land provides a new idea for the ploughing-down and wetting-reduction substitution industry in the rughe region. However, the return of the cultivated land to the development of weeds such as barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli) at the beginning of succession is vigorous, and the growth and proliferation of honey-source plants such as Stachys lansium are restricted. The effect of the present invention can be verified by the following test means that weeds such as barnyard grass can be well controlled and the cultivation of stachys affinis can be promoted.
Control group
Firstly, straw preparation: the hairy beefsteak is a perennial plant, and is planted in a back-ploughing land with flat terrain and easy water control, wherein the planting density is as follows: the row spacing is 0.6 m, and the plant spacing is 0.6 m;
Secondly, land finishing: before planting, cleaning up the withered and fallen plants on the earth surface of the land block to perform measures of ditch burying and land turning, wherein the turning depth is 20 cm, so that the influence of pesticide residues on the fringe is reduced;
thirdly, plant supplement: planting the stachys sieboldii seedlings in the extirpation land treated in the second step, wherein the average height of the seedlings is 20 cm, the soil in the holes is kept moist, and the survival rate of the stachys sieboldii is more than 90%;
fourthly, straw covering: straw coverage is not carried out;
fifthly, hydrologic management: the water level is not regulated by artificial auxiliary measures, and the water is supplied for vegetation recovery by natural precipitation.
Test 1
Firstly, straw preparation: the hairy stachys is a perennial plant, a back-ploughing land which is flat in terrain and easy to control water is selected for planting, the planting density is 0.6 meter of row spacing and 0.6 meter of plant spacing;
secondly, land finishing: before planting, cleaning up the withered and fallen plants on the earth surface of the land block to perform measures of ditch burying and land turning, wherein the turning depth is 20 cm, so that the influence of pesticide residues on the fringe is reduced;
thirdly, plant supplement: planting the stachys sieboldii seedlings in the extirpation land treated in the second step, wherein the average height of the seedlings is 20 cm, the soil in the holes is kept moist, and the survival rate of the stachys sieboldii is more than 90%;
fourthly, straw covering: straw coverage is not carried out;
Fifthly, hydrologic management: according to the ecological range of the proper water depth of the Teucrium verrucosa, the water depth is controlled to fluctuate within the range of 1-5 cm, and the restoration and reconstruction of the Teucrium verrucosa are promoted.
Test 2
Firstly, straw preparation: the Teucrium verrucosa is a perennial plant, a back-ploughing land which is flat in terrain and easy to control water is selected for planting, the planting density is 0.6 meter of row spacing and 0.6 meter of plant spacing, and a straw is used as a material for manufacturing a straw mat with the width of 0.6 meter and the thickness of 0.3 cm;
secondly, land finishing: before planting, cleaning up withered and fallen plants on the ground surface of the ploughed land block, and carrying out land ploughing measures with the ploughing depth of 20 cm so as to reduce the influence of pesticide residues on the Maohuo;
thirdly, plant supplement: planting the stachys sieboldii seedlings in the extirpation land treated in the second step, wherein the average height of the seedlings is 20 cm, the soil in the holes is kept moist, and the survival rate of the stachys sieboldii is more than 90%;
fourthly, straw covering: paving the grass curtains with the thickness of 0.3 cm obtained in the first step between the seedlings of the fringe plants treated in the third step by adhering to the ground surface, wherein the two grass curtains are mutually vertical and arranged in a cross shape, and the total thickness is 0.6 cm;
fifthly, hydrologic management: according to the ecological range of the proper water depth of the Teucrium verrucosa, the water depth is controlled to fluctuate within the range of 1-5 cm, and the restoration and reconstruction of the Teucrium verrucosa are promoted.
Test 3
Firstly, straw preparation: the Teucrium verrucosa is a perennial plant, a back-ploughing land which is flat in terrain and easy to control water is selected for planting, the planting density is 0.6 meter of row spacing and 0.6 meter of plant spacing, and a straw is used as a material for manufacturing a straw mat with the width of 0.6 meter and the thickness of 0.5 cm;
Secondly, land finishing: before planting, cleaning up the litter on the earth surface of the land blocks to carry out ditch filling and land turning, wherein the turning depth is 20 cm, so that the influence of pesticide residue on the Phlomis umbrosa is reduced;
thirdly, plant supplement: planting the stachys sieboldii seedlings in the extirpation land treated in the second step, wherein the average height of the seedlings is 20 cm, the soil in the holes is kept moist, and the survival rate of the stachys sieboldii is more than 90%;
fourthly, straw covering: paving the grass curtains with the thickness of 0.5 cm obtained in the first step between the seedlings of the fringe plants treated in the third step by adhering to the ground surface, wherein the two grass curtains are mutually vertical and arranged in a cross shape, and the total thickness is 1 cm;
fifthly, hydrologic management: according to the ecological range of the proper water depth of the Teucrium verrucosa, the water depth is controlled to fluctuate within the range of 1-5 cm, and the restoration and reconstruction of the Teucrium verrucosa are promoted.
Conclusion
Fig. 1 shows the effect of different test treatments on the total coverage of the plants in the Stachys lansium planting field, fig. 2 shows the effect of different test treatments on the biomass of the weeds in the Stachys lansium planting field, and fig. 3 shows the effect of different test treatments on the abundance of the species in the Stachys lansium planting field. The difference in lower case letters on the bar graph indicates significant difference (P < 0.05). The total plant coverage, plant species and above-ground biomass of the various test treatments were investigated at 8 months when plant biomass was maximal. 6 samples of 1 m × 1 m are randomly set for each experimental treatment, and the total coverage of plants, plant species, community height and aboveground biomass of the samples are investigated. The results show that, compared to the control group, test 1 (flooding treatment) is difficult to suppress the appearance and growth of weeds, which is related to the ability of weeds to adapt to a certain degree of flooding; under the condition of keeping the ground surface flooded, the straw coverage can play a role in limiting the renewal and growth of weeds, and the limiting effect is better along with the increase of the thickness of the straws, the total coverage of the weed plants is respectively reduced by 86 percent and 99 percent in the tests 2 and 3, the biomass on the ground per unit area is respectively reduced by 56 percent and 98 percent, and the number of weed species appearing per square meter is respectively reduced by 60 percent and 90 percent. The method has the advantages that the purpose of controlling the growth and the multiplication of weeds can be achieved by keeping the certain water depth of the back-ploughed land according to the water requirement of the target plant in the back-ploughed land and covering the straw with certain thickness, so that the possibility is provided for the development of the ecological organic planting industry in the back-ploughed land, the back-ploughing and wetting work can be favorably carried out, and the purpose of winning economic benefit and ecological benefit is finally achieved.
Claims (6)
1. The method for preventing and controlling weeds in the extirpated field to promote target population recovery and reconstruction is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, straw preparation: according to the target plant biological characteristics of the back-plowing land and the area of the back-plowing land, utilizing crop straws to manufacture a straw curtain with the width and the length consistent with the row spacing of the planted plants in the back-plowing land;
secondly, land finishing: before planting, carrying out measures of clearing up the litter on the surface of the withdrawn cultivated land, burying a ditch and turning over soil;
thirdly, plant supplement: supplementing target plants to the back-ploughed land treated in the second step and keeping soil moist;
fourthly, straw covering: paving the straw curtain manufactured in the first step on the ground surface treated in the third step, wherein the paving thickness of the straw curtain is 0.5-4 cm;
fifthly, hydrologic management: according to the depth ecological range of the target plant, after the plant slows seedling, the depth of the ground surface water of the back-plowing land is maintained to fluctuate within the range of 1-10 cm, and the back-plowing land weed control is completed to promote the target population recovery reconstruction;
and in the fourth step, the straw grass curtain is laid in a mode that the straw grass curtains are vertical to each other.
2. The method for controlling weeds in extirpated land to promote target population restoration and reconstruction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth of plowing the soil in step two is 5-30 cm.
3. The method for controlling weeds in extirpated land to promote target population restoration and reconstruction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedling height of the supplementary target plant in step three is 5-20 cm.
4. The method for controlling weeds in extirpated land to promote target population restoration according to claim 1, wherein the seedling height of the supplementary target plant in step three is 10 cm.
5. The method for preventing and controlling weeds in back plowed lands to promote target population restoration and reconstruction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the straw mat laid in the fourth step is 1 cm.
6. The method for preventing and controlling weeds in back plowed lands to promote target population restoration and reconstruction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the straw mat laid in the fourth step is 0.6 cm.
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| WO2022105373A1 (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2022-05-27 | 浙江大学 | Method for using plant material to simultaneously control weeds and plant target plant |
| CN114096148B (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2023-03-31 | 浙江大学 | Method for simultaneously controlling weeds and planting target plants by using plant materials |
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| CN106576722A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-04-26 | 湖北大学 | Recovery method for planting sphagnum palustre on mountain wetland |
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| RU2005126783A (en) * | 2005-08-24 | 2007-02-27 | Алексей Басханжиевич Хаваев (RU) | METHOD FOR CROPING GRAIN CEREAL CROPS ON SALTED RICE CHECKS |
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