CN111316783B - Method for carrying out ploughing-removing and dampness-reducing by utilizing honeydew source plant stachys fimbriatus - Google Patents
Method for carrying out ploughing-removing and dampness-reducing by utilizing honeydew source plant stachys fimbriatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN111316783B CN111316783B CN202010227493.8A CN202010227493A CN111316783B CN 111316783 B CN111316783 B CN 111316783B CN 202010227493 A CN202010227493 A CN 202010227493A CN 111316783 B CN111316783 B CN 111316783B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for returning dampness by removing tillage by using a honey source plant stachys pubescens, which solves the problem of low success rate of recovery of the stachys pubescens. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, arranging the back-ploughing land blocks; secondly, transplanting seedlings; and thirdly, managing the water content. The method for returning dampness through tillage has the advantages of high survival rate of stachys sieboldii, good effect of returning dampness through tillage, simple operation and contribution to popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for returning wet in back cultivation.
Background
The wetland is one of three global ecosystem types, and has irreplaceable effects of other ecosystems in aspects of regulating flood, regulating climate, degrading pollution, maintaining biological diversity and regional ecological balance and the like. However, in recent hundreds of years, the wetland is seriously damaged, the area of the wetland is greatly reduced, the function of the wetland is reduced, and unreasonable economic activities of human beings are main reasons. For example: the large-area reclamation of the wetland results in a series of problems of structural destruction of a wetland ecosystem, reduction of biodiversity, reduction of vegetation productivity, gradual loss of wetland resources and the like. In order to strengthen the wetland protection and restoration, measures such as returning cultivation and moisture, draining degraded wetland restoration and the like are mainly adopted in China to increase the area of the wetland and improve the function of the wetland ecosystem. Then, where did the farmer income come from after returning the return to wet? It is also a problem to be solved.
The Maohuasu is a common wetland plant in the swamp wetland in the three Jiang plain of China and is also an excellent honey source plant (Liu Sheng, Maohuasu is an important honey source plant in the black bee protection area in northeast China, bee journal, 2017, (2): 31-32.). If the stachys sieboldii is ploughed back to be wet through the stachys sieboldii, the honey source plant stachys sieboldii can provide a stable and high-quality honey source, the requirement of ecological environment can be met, and the income problem of farmers can be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for returning dampness by removing tillage by utilizing a honey plant stachys fimbriata, aiming at solving the problem of low success rate of restoring the stachys fimbriata.
The method for returning dampness to the original place by using the honeydew plant stachys fimbriata is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, arranging the back-ploughing land blocks: arranging cofferdams around the back-plowing land blocks, detoxifying the back-plowing land blocks, and then plowing;
secondly, transplanting seedlings: transplanting the stachys sieboldii seedlings with the plant height of 10-20 cm into a finished ploughing-out land;
thirdly, water management: immediately supplementing water to the transplanted stachys sieboldii seedlings, and checking the soil water condition every other day to keep the water content at 60-100% of the saturated water holding capacity of the soil; after the seedlings grow for 25-35 days, maintaining the surface water depth of the back-plowing land piece to be 0.1-20 cm; thus finishing the returning of the back plowing and the wetting.
And further, a cofferdam is arranged according to the existing landform and landform of the land parcel.
Further, in the first step, land blocks communicated with the farmland ditches are selected as returning land blocks for returning to wet land for returning to tillage.
According to the invention, the cofferdam is arranged around the back-ploughing land block, especially at key nodes such as the low-lying part of the land block, the joint of the land block and the ditch and the like, so that water is supplemented to the back-ploughing land block by effectively utilizing ice and snow melting water, rainfall in summer and farmland back-watering, a large amount of water resources are reasonably utilized and saved, and a water body can be purified; detoxification treatment is carried out on the land blocks removed from cultivation, which is beneficial to the growth of the stachys fimbriatus seedlings; selecting the Teucrium verrucosa seedlings with proper height, and performing reasonable and effective water management in different growth and development stages of Teucrium verrucosa, so that water resources of the land blocks to be ploughed are efficiently utilized, and the Teucrium verrucosa of the honey source plant is quickly recovered. The survival rate of the stachys sieboldii is high and reaches 70-95%, so that the stachys sieboldii of the honey source plant can successfully settle and propagate in the current year.
The method adopts the Stachys tomentosa for returning the wet land to the wet land, not only can quickly recover the reclaimed wetland, but also can utilize the Stachys tomentosa honey to create and increase income and develop the ecological industry. All indexes of the fringe honey meet the requirements of first-class honey, and the content of microorganisms and the content of heavy metals are far lower than the limit values specified by the national standard (GB 14963-2011). 2-3 mu of Maohuo can breed a swarm of bees, and planting Maohuo can provide a stable honey source for bees. The stachys sieboldii is also a traditional Chinese medicinal material, has the effects of dispelling wind, removing toxicity and stopping bleeding, and can further increase the yield and income of farmers who return to wet for tillage.
The method of the invention fully utilizes the existing natural conditions, the growth of the stachys sieboldii is good, the survival rate is high, certain economic benefit can be generated, and the effect can be achieved after one-year investment and a plurality of years. The method of the invention is easy to be accepted by farmers and is beneficial to the implementation and popularization of the policy of returning back to wet.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the results of monitoring tests 1 to 6.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for returning the wet part to the ploughing stage by utilizing the honeydew plant stachys fimbriatus in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
firstly, arranging the back-ploughing land blocks: arranging cofferdams around the back-plowing land blocks, detoxifying the back-plowing land blocks, and then plowing;
secondly, transplanting seedlings: transplanting the stachys sieboldii seedlings with the plant height of 10-20 cm into a finished ploughing-out land;
thirdly, water management: immediately supplementing water to the transplanted stachys sieboldii seedlings, and checking the soil water condition every other day to keep the water content at 60-100% of the saturated water holding capacity of the soil; after the seedlings grow for 25-35 days, maintaining the surface water depth of the back-plowing land piece to be 0.1-20 cm; thus finishing the returning of the back plowing and the wetting.
In the first step of the implementation mode, a cofferdam is arranged according to the existing landform and landform of the land parcel.
In the first step of the embodiment, the land blocks communicated with the farmland ditches are selected as returning land blocks for returning to the farmland.
According to the embodiment, the cofferdam is arranged around the back-ploughing land block, particularly at key nodes such as the low-lying part of the land block, the joint of the land block and the ditch and the like, so that water is supplemented to the back-ploughing land block by effectively utilizing ice and snow melting water, rainfall in summer and farmland back-watering, a large amount of water resources are reasonably utilized and saved, and a water body can be purified; detoxification treatment is carried out on the land blocks removed from cultivation, which is beneficial to the growth of the stachys fimbriatus seedlings; selecting the Teucrium verrucosa seedlings with proper height, and performing reasonable and effective water management in different growth and development stages of Teucrium verrucosa, so that water resources of the extirpated land can be efficiently utilized, and the nectar plant Teucrium verrucosa can be quickly recovered. The survival rate of the stachys sieboldii is high and reaches 70-95%, so that the stachys sieboldii of the honey source plant can successfully settle and propagate in the same year.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the height of the cofferdam in the first step exceeds 5-30 cm of the ground surface of the back-ploughing plot, and the width of the lower part of the cofferdam is 30-50 cm. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: in the first step, Woltalan is used for detoxification, and the dosage of Woltalan is 400-600 g/mu. The others are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the third difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is that the method for detoxifying wavorexant: the fertile soil is applied for three times, the first time is selected to be subjected to artificial pesticide spraying in rainy days, the second time of artificial pesticide spraying is carried out after the former is dried in the sun for three days, and then the deep ploughing is carried out immediately, wherein the depth is 15-30 cm; and carrying out third spreading after deep turning. The rest is the same as the third embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the first to fourth differences of this embodiment from the first to fourth embodiments are: the plowing depth in the first step is 15-30 cm. The rest is the same as the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from the first to fifth embodiments in that: and in the second step, the planting density of the stachys sieboldii seedlings is 927-3706 plants/mu, the plant spacing is 0.4-0.8 m, and the row spacing is 0.4-0.8 m. The rest is the same as the first to fifth embodiments.
And (3) comparison test: the big and good river province level natural protection area in the Ronghe county is located in the three river plain abdominal lands of the Heilongjiang province in China, the cultivated land area is nearly 15000 hectares in 2018, meanwhile, the Ronghe county is the main producing area of the northeast black bees in China, the black bee honey and products are the key development industry of the Ronghe county, and the special method is carried out according to the following steps:
experiment 1 the method for returning dampness to the original place by using the honeydew plant stachys floridana of the invention comprises the following steps:
firstly, arranging the back-ploughing land blocks: arranging cofferdams around the back-plowing land blocks, detoxifying the back-plowing land blocks, and then plowing; the land backing block is provided with cofferdams according to the existing landform, namely the land block communicated with a farmland ditch is selected as the land backing block, the cofferdams are arranged at the low-lying positions of the land block and the joints of the land block and the ditch, the height of the cofferdam exceeds the land surface of the land backing, and the width of the lower part of the cofferdam is 30 cm; the application method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting Woltean for detoxification, wherein the dosage of the Woltean is 500 g/mu: firstly, artificially spreading the pesticide in rainy days, and artificially spreading the pesticide for the second time after three days of sun drying; deeply turning over the pesticide immediately after the second pesticide spreading, wherein the depth is 25 cm; spreading the pesticide for the third time after deep turning;
secondly, transplanting seedlings: transplanting the stachys sieboldii seedlings with the plant height of 10-20 cm into the finished ploughing-out land blocks, wherein the planting density is 1850 plants/mu, the plant spacing is 0.6m, and the row spacing is 0.6 m;
thirdly, water management: immediately supplementing water to the transplanted stachys sieboldii seedlings, and checking the soil water condition every other day to keep the water content at 60-80% of the saturated water holding capacity of the soil; after the seedlings grow for 25-35 days, the plants start to enter a vigorous growth period along with the rising of the air temperature, and the water content is maintained to be 60-80% of the saturated water holding capacity of the soil.
Experiment 2 the method of using the honey plant Stachys japonica for tillage and moisture reduction was carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, arranging the back-ploughing land blocks: arranging cofferdams around the back-plowing land blocks, detoxifying the back-plowing land blocks, and then plowing; the land backing block is provided with cofferdams according to the existing landform, namely the land block communicated with a farmland ditch is selected as the land backing block, the cofferdams are arranged at the low-lying positions of the land block and the joints of the land block and the ditch, the height of the cofferdam exceeds the land surface of the land backing, and the width of the lower part of the cofferdam is 40 cm; woltean is adopted for detoxification, and the dosage of Woltean is 500 g/mu; the using method comprises the following steps: firstly, artificially spreading the pesticide in rainy days, and artificially spreading the pesticide for the second time after three days of sun drying; deeply turning over the pesticide immediately after the second pesticide spreading, wherein the depth is 25 cm; spreading the pesticide for the third time after deep turning;
secondly, transplanting seedlings: transplanting the stachys sieboldii seedlings with the plant height of 10-20 cm into the finished ploughing-out land blocks, wherein the planting density is 1850 plants/mu, the plant spacing is 0.6m, and the row spacing is 0.6 m;
thirdly, water management: immediately supplementing water to the transplanted stachys sieboldii seedlings, and checking the soil water condition every other day to keep the water content at 60-80% of the saturated water holding capacity of the soil; after the seedlings grow for 25-35 days, the plants start to enter a vigorous growth period along with the rise of the air temperature, and the ground surface water depth of the extirpation plot is maintained to be 0.1-1 cm.
firstly, arranging the back-ploughing land blocks: arranging cofferdams around the back-plowing land blocks, detoxifying the back-plowing land blocks, and then plowing; the land backing block is provided with cofferdams according to the existing landform, namely the land block communicated with a farmland ditch is selected as the land backing block, the cofferdams are arranged at the low-lying positions of the land block and the joints of the land block and the ditch, the height of the cofferdam exceeds the land surface of the land backing, and the width of the lower part of the cofferdam is 50 cm; woltean is adopted for detoxification, and the dosage of Woltean is 500 g/mu; the using method comprises the following steps: firstly, artificially spreading the pesticide in rainy days, and artificially spreading the pesticide for the second time after three days of sun drying; deeply turning over the pesticide immediately after the second pesticide spreading, wherein the depth is 25 cm; spreading the pesticide for the third time after deep turning;
secondly, transplanting seedlings: transplanting the stachys sieboldii seedlings with the plant height of 10-20 cm into the finished ploughing-out land blocks, wherein the planting density is 1850 plants/mu, the plant spacing is 0.6m, and the row spacing is 0.6 m;
thirdly, water management: immediately supplementing water to the transplanted stachys sieboldii seedlings, and checking the soil water condition every other day to keep the water content at 60-80% of the saturated water holding capacity of the soil; after the seedlings grow for 25-35 days, the plants start to enter a vigorous growth period along with the rise of the air temperature, and the ground surface water depth of the extirpation plot is maintained to be 0.1-5 cm.
firstly, arranging the back-ploughing land blocks: arranging cofferdams around the back-plowing land blocks, detoxifying the back-plowing land blocks, and then plowing; the land backing block is provided with cofferdams according to the existing landform, namely the land block communicated with a farmland ditch is selected as the land backing block, the cofferdams are arranged at the low-lying positions of the land block and the joints of the land block and the ditch, the height of the cofferdam exceeds the land surface of the land backing, and the width of the lower part of the cofferdam is 50 cm; woltean is adopted for detoxification, and the dosage of Woltean is 500 g/mu; the using method comprises the following steps: firstly, artificially spreading the pesticide in rainy days, and artificially spreading the pesticide for the second time after three days of sunshine; deeply turning over the pesticide immediately after the second pesticide spreading, wherein the depth is 25 cm; spreading the pesticide for the third time after deep turning;
secondly, transplanting seedlings: transplanting the stachys sieboldii seedlings with the plant height of 10-20 cm into the finished ploughing-out land blocks, wherein the planting density is 1850 plants/mu, the plant spacing is 0.6m, and the row spacing is 0.6 m;
thirdly, water management: immediately supplementing water to the transplanted stachys sieboldii seedlings, and checking the soil water condition every other day to keep the water content at 60-80% of the saturated water holding capacity of the soil; and after the seedlings grow for 25-35 days, the plants start to enter a vigorous growth period along with the rise of the air temperature, and the ground surface water depth of the extirpation plot is maintained to be 5-10 cm.
Experiment 5 the method of the present invention was used, but no detoxification treatment was performed, and the specific method was performed according to the following steps:
firstly, arranging the back-ploughing land blocks: arranging cofferdams around the back-ploughing land blocks, and then ploughing; the land backing block is provided with cofferdams according to the existing landform, namely the land block communicated with a farmland ditch is selected as the land backing block, the cofferdams are arranged at the low-lying positions of the land block and the joints of the land block and the ditch, the height of the cofferdam exceeds the land surface of the land backing, and the width of the lower part of the cofferdam is 50 cm; the plowing depth is 25 cm;
secondly, transplanting seedlings: transplanting the stachys sieboldii seedlings with the plant height of 10-20 cm into the finished ploughing-out land blocks, wherein the planting density is 1850 plants/mu, the plant spacing is 0.6m, and the row spacing is 0.6 m;
thirdly, water management: immediately supplementing water to the transplanted stachys sieboldii seedlings, and checking the soil water condition every other day to keep the water content at 60-80% of the saturated water holding capacity of the soil; and after the seedlings grow for 25-35 days, the plants start to enter a vigorous growth period along with the rise of the air temperature, and the water content is maintained to be 60-80% of the saturated water holding capacity of the soil.
Experiment 6 uses the method of the present invention, but does not set up cofferdam, uses natural precipitation to maintain plant growth and wetland recovery, and the specific method is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, arranging the back-ploughing land blocks: detoxifying the ploughed land and then ploughing; wherein, the toxicity is removed by using the Woltalan, and the dosage of the Woltalan is 500 g/mu; the using method comprises the following steps: firstly, artificially spreading the pesticide in rainy days, and artificially spreading the pesticide for the second time after three days of sun drying; deeply turning over the pesticide immediately after the second pesticide spreading, wherein the depth is 25 cm; spreading the pesticide for the third time after deep turning;
secondly, transplanting seedlings: transplanting the stachys sieboldii seedlings with the plant height of 10-20 cm into the finished ploughing-out land blocks, wherein the planting density is 1850 plants/mu, the plant spacing is 0.6m, and the row spacing is 0.6 m;
thirdly, water management: immediately supplementing water to the transplanted stachys sieboldii seedlings, and after the seedlings are revived for 10 days, not performing water management, and maintaining plant growth and wetland restoration by natural rainfall.
According to the randomness principle, the survival rate, the number of new plants, the height and the bee flower visit of the nectariferous plant stachys sieboldii growing in the back-plowing plots in the experimental examples 1 to 6 are monitored, and each is repeated for 3 to 8 times to evaluate the back-plowing and wetting effects; the results of tests 1 to 6 are shown in fig. 1, wherein a represents the survival rate (%) of stachys pilosus, B represents the number of new plants per mother plant, C represents the height (cm) of the new plants, D represents the residence time(s) of the bees for single blossom, and the difference in the lower case letters on the bar chart represents the difference (P < 0.05). The survival rate of the stachys floribunda in the current year in the test examples 1-4 reaches 75% -90%, which is obviously higher than that in the test examples 5 and 6. The number and the plant height of the new plants of a single mother plant have consistent variation trend: the differences of the test examples 1-3 are not obvious, but are obviously higher than those of other treatments; the two values are lowest in test 5 and test 6. During the blooming period of the tassella lancifolia, the bee flower visiting situation shows that the average single flower residence time of the bees is 4.8-5.3 s, the survival rate of the tassella lancifolia is high, and the honey production capacity of the bees in the tests 1-4 is far higher than that of the tests 5 and 6. It can be seen that the test examples 1 to 4 can realize the successful restoration of the extirpated and returned wetland honey source plant stachys. The method of the invention utilizes the original land features of the back-ploughing land to carry out micro-preparation, transplants the stachys fimbriata seedlings after carrying out soil detoxification and deep ploughing, controls water differentially in different growth and development periods of the plants, has high survival rate of the honey source plants, realizes successful settlement and multiplication of the stachys fimbriata of the honey source plants in the current year, generates certain economic benefit and achieves the purposes of one-year investment and many-year effect.
Claims (4)
1. A method for removing the tillage moisture of the honey source plant Stachys yunnanensis is characterized in that the method for removing the tillage moisture of the honey source plant Stachys yunnanensis comprises the following steps:
firstly, arranging the back-ploughing land blocks: arranging cofferdams around the back-plowing land blocks, detoxifying the back-plowing land blocks, and then plowing; wherein the detoxification treatment adopts Woltiang for detoxification, and the dosage of Woltiang is 400-600 g/mu; the method for detoxifying by using Woltean comprises the following steps: the application is carried out for three times, the artificial medicine spreading is carried out in rainy days for the first time, the second artificial medicine spreading is carried out after the first artificial medicine spreading is carried out in the sun for three days, and then the deep ploughing is carried out immediately, wherein the depth is 15-30 cm; spreading the pesticide for the third time after deep turning;
secondly, transplanting seedlings: transplanting the stachys sieboldii seedlings with the plant height of 10-20 cm into a finished ploughing-out land;
thirdly, water management: immediately supplementing water to the transplanted stachys sieboldii seedlings, and checking the soil water condition every other day to keep the water content at 60-100% of the saturated water holding capacity of the soil; after the seedlings grow for 25-35 days, maintaining the surface water depth of the back-plowing land piece to be 0.1-20 cm; thus finishing the returning of the back plowing and the wetting.
2. The method for returning back wet by cultivating the honeydew plant Stachys yunnanensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height of the cofferdam in the first step is 5-30 cm higher than the ground surface of the land for returning back wet, and the width of the lower part of the cofferdam is 30-50 cm.
3. The method for returning moisture by tillage with the honey plant Stachys japonicus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth of tillage in the first step is 15-30 cm.
4. The method for returning back wet by tillage with the honey plant stachys fimbriata as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting density of the seedlings of stachys fimbriata in the second step is 927-3706 plants/mu, the plant spacing is 0.4-0.8 m, and the row spacing is 0.4-0.8 m.
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| CN112931020A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-06-11 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for cooperatively removing tillage and reducing dampness of honey-source plants |
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