CN1108963C - 挤压包装用的保护层 - Google Patents

挤压包装用的保护层 Download PDF

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CN1108963C
CN1108963C CN97199099A CN97199099A CN1108963C CN 1108963 C CN1108963 C CN 1108963C CN 97199099 A CN97199099 A CN 97199099A CN 97199099 A CN97199099 A CN 97199099A CN 1108963 C CN1108963 C CN 1108963C
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前田繁
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Abstract

本发明提供用于挤压包装的保护层，此保护层在用后不需要与基材分离，用后的再循环和处置很方便，有利于环境保护，并且具有优秀的穿透性。这种用于挤压包装的保护层的厚度为0.01-1毫米，包括每100重量份的聚氯乙烯基含5-250重量份的无机填料的树脂组合物，保护层的抗断裂强度为0.01-5千克/厘米2。

Description

挤压包装用的保护层
发明领域
本发明涉及用于挤压包装(以下称为“PTP”)的保护层，用于片剂、囊状等药品、食物和其它物品的包装。
背景技术
药品和食品通常用下面的方法包装。即，将塑料保护层制成带槽的保护层，将要包装的物体放入槽中，通过加热将涂有粘合剂的铝箔的保护层粘在基材的槽以外的平坦部分。这种包装叫做PTP。用手指在基材的槽加压使铝箔破裂而取出被包装物。这种包装很方便，所以得到广泛应用。
但是，在传统的PTP中，保护层材料包括铝箔(无机材料)，基材包括塑料(有机材料)，两者完全不同。因此，用后必须将两者分离，并且在用后很难将其进行再循环和焚化。在这种的情况下，希望也使用塑料作保护层材料代替铝箔。但是，通常的塑料保护层作保护层时因强度高，使用时缺乏穿透性(这时可取出被包装物)。这里所说的穿透性是指在取出由模制形成的基材中的被包装物如药片时，粘在基材上的保护层容易破裂。为使塑料保护层具有穿透性，一种方法是用填料如无机填料填充保护层，但是，如果填料的粒径太大，则保护层的外观粗糙，有时使穿透性不均匀。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供用于PTP的保护层(cover sheet)，这种保护层用后便于再循环和焚化处理，以减少垃圾产量，这种保护层还具有优秀的穿透性。
本发明的PTP保护层的特征是厚度为0.01-1毫米的保护层并包括一种树脂组合物，它含有每100重量份的聚氯乙烯基树脂，5-250重量份的无机填料。所说的聚氯乙烯基树脂的平均聚合度为500-1300，由JISP8112规定的Muller低压试验法测定的保护层抗断裂强度为0.01-5.0千克/厘米2。按照更优选的具体实施方案，由JIS K6734规定的Clash-Berg试验法测定的此保护层的挠曲温度为50-100℃，无机填料是滑石、硅石、高岭土、云母、氧化铝、硅灰石、粘土和碳酸钙中的至少一种，无机填料的平均粒径为0.5-100微米，聚氯乙烯基树脂含有一种醋酸乙烯酯含量为3-15％(重量)的氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物。
用于本发明的聚氯乙烯基树脂具有优秀的成型性和模塑性、透明性、耐热性、电绝缘性，并且成本低。特别是关于成型性和模塑性，可热成形的温度范围比其它树脂都宽，而且，透明性特别好，可以很容易看见被包装物。因此，鉴于这些优点，这种树脂特别适用于PTP。
所用的聚氯乙烯基树脂的平均聚合度为500-1300。如果低于500，在保护层成形时的熔融粘度降低，从而挺度下降和可加工性恶化，如果高于1300，则熔融粘度增加，从树脂和填料成形保护层就需要高温，从而在制造保护层时会发生麻烦。平均聚合度优选为500-1100。
本发明所用的聚氯乙烯基树脂可以是纯聚氯乙烯树脂、同乙烯或醋酸乙烯酯等的共聚物、它们的混合物或氯化的聚氯乙烯树脂。特别是氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物树脂比聚氯乙烯树脂优越之处是，加工温度降低，热塑流动性增加，同时，合适的加工温度范围扩大，树脂在溶剂中的溶解度得到改进从而熔融粘度降低。在氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物中醋酸乙烯酯的含量优选为3-15％(重量)。如果含量低于3％(重量)，改进的效果不明显，如果高于15％(重量)，则软化温度降低太多，热变形更大，得不到具有足够耐热性的保护层，而且耐水性、化学稳定性和耐油性易于恶化。醋酸乙烯酯含量较优选为3-10％(重量)。
作为用于本发明的聚氯乙烯基树脂，优选是含1-80％(重量)的聚氯乙烯树脂和20-99％(重量)的氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物树脂。如果其含量低于20％(重量)，则加工温度增加太多，热塑性流动性降低，合适的加工温度范围不能扩大，在PTP形成时容易发生麻烦。氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物树脂含量较优选为30-99％(重量)。
为了使PTP的保护层具有穿透性，需要用无机填料充填保护层。作为无机填料，可以有上述的滑石、硅石、高岭土、云母、氧化铝、硅灰石、粘土、碳酸钙、石棉、玻璃纤维、硫酸铝等。其中，滑石、硅石、高岭土、云母、氧化铝、硅灰石、粘土和碳酸钙由于易于处理，所以是适用的。
无机填料的平均粒径是0.5-100微米，优选为0.5-20微米，更优选为0.5-5微米。如果平均粒径高于100微米，由于粒径大，保护层的粗糙度增加，穿透性易于不均匀。如果低于0.5微米，粒径太小，穿透性降低。
每100重量份的聚氯乙烯基树脂的无机填料的用量以5-250份重量份为宜。如果低于5重量份，保护层强度高，槽内的被包装物不能取出，不能得到所要求的穿透性。如果高于250重量份，则保护层太脆，常会发生问题。无机填料优选用量是10-200重量份。
本发明的保护层厚度是0.01-1毫米。如果薄于0.01毫米，实际上是不适用的。如果厚于1毫米，则几乎得不到穿透性。厚度优选为0.02-0.4毫米。
本发明保护层的由在JIS K6734中规定的Clash-Berg试验法测定的挠曲温度为50-100℃，优选为55-85℃。挠曲温度较高的保护层耐热性较高，即加热时外观变化较少。但是，如果超过100℃，在以后工序的压延加工性、成型性或模塑性常出现问题。如果低于50℃，则保护层的耐热性差，当加热时外观变化大，或在热密封时粘于密封板上。因此，在以后的工序中易发生问题。
就穿透性来说，由在JIS P8112中规定的Mullen低压试验法测定保护层的抗断裂强度为0.01-5千克/厘米2。如果抗断裂强度低于0.01千克/厘米2，则保护层太脆，不适于应用。如果保护层的强度高于5千克/厘米2，则强度太高，几乎不能得到穿透性。抗断裂强度优选为0.1-3.5千克/厘米2。
本发明中保护层的形成方法没有特别限制。可以将包括聚氯乙烯基树脂和无机填料的混合物通过热熔挤压法、压延法、蒸汽压板法等制成保护层。
本发明的保护层不限于单层片，也可以是多层片，只要能够得到所要求的性能。例如，通过共挤压法、干层压法、湿层压法等可以得到多层保护层。另外，为了增加对基材的密封强度，可以利用密封层，除了上述的共挤压法、干层压法或湿层压法外，也可以例如通过涂布粘合剂得到密封层。粘合剂的实例是氯乙烯型、氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯型、聚氨酯型、聚酯型和丙烯酸型的粘合剂。而且，为了增加层之间的粘合，可以预先经过易粘处理，如电晕处理和火焰处理。
另外，如果需要，可以在保护层成形时加入润滑剂、交联剂、颜料、起泡剂、抗静电剂、抗雾剂、淀积抑制剂、表面处理剂、加工助剂、增强剂等。
附图说明
图1.是本发明得到的PTP的截面图。其中1表示基材的槽，2表示基材的平坦部分，3表示保护层材料，4表示被包装物(药片)。
具体实施方案
下面的实施例说明本发明，但不是对本发明的限制。
使用表1、2和3所示的树脂和无机材料的组成通过压延法制备保护层。基层使用市场购得的0.3毫米厚的硬质聚氯乙烯保护层。使用保护层和基层，通过推杆压力型PTP成形机(由C.K.D.Co.，Ltd.制造的FBP-M2)包装被包装物(药片)得到PTP。用表4所示的组成用相同的方法得到对比实施例。
它们的评价结果示于表1、2、3和4。
                                     表1
实施例1  实施例2  实施例3  实施例4  实施例5  实施例6
  PVC1PVC2PVC3PVC4PVC5硫醇辛基锡环氧化大豆油脂肪酸酯褐煤酸酯MBS 1001.51.51.00.510  20801.52.01.00.58 1001.51.51.00.510 1001.51.51.00.515 1001.51.51.00.55  1001.51.51.00.510
  滑石1高岭土1硅灰石硅石1粘土云母氧化铝 45  10 100 140 25 200
  保护层厚度(毫米) 0.15  0.4  0.2  0.1  0.3  0.02
  挠曲温度(℃) 69  56  61  60  80  68
  抗断裂强度(千克/厘米2) 1.6  3.3  2.0  0.4  2.8  0.15
  穿透性*1 A  A  A  A  A  A
   PTP模塑性*2 ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○
*1  A-被包装物容易取出。
     B-被包装物可以取出。
     ×-被包装物不能取出。
*2  ○-良好。
     △-有些粘到密封板。
     ×-粘到密封板很多。
*1和*2的标准也可用于下面的表2-4。
                                        表2
 实施例7 实施例8 实施例9 实施例10 实施例11 实施例12
    PVC1PVC2PVC3PVC4PVC5PVC6PVC7硫醇辛基锡环氧化大豆油脂肪酸酯褐煤酸酯MBS  70301.51.51.00.510 1001.51.51.00.510 20801.51.51.00.58 1001.51.51.00.510 1001.51.51.00.510 50501.51.51.00.510
    硅灰石滑石2粘土硅石2碳酸钙1 65 220 5 85 180 100
    保护层厚度(毫米)挠曲温度(℃)抗断裂强度(千克/厘米2)穿透性*1PTP模塑性*2  0.2671.6A○ 0.1900.04A○ 1.0614.5B○ 0.4523.1A△ 0.2550.15A○ 0.5622.4A○
                         表3
  实施例13   实施例14
    PVC2PVC6PVC7硫醇辛基锡环氧化大豆油脂肪酸酯褐煤酸酯MBS   5951.51.51.00.510 1001.52.01.00.510
    滑石2碳酸钙1 20   150
    保护层厚度(毫米)挠曲温度(℃)抗断裂强度(千克/厘米2)穿透性*1PTP模塑性*2   0.02501.2A○   0.7523.4A○
                                    表4
对比实施例1 对比实施例2 对比实施例3   对比实施例4
    PVC1PVC2PVC3PVC4PVC6硫醇辛基锡环氧化大豆油脂肪酸酯褐煤酸酯MBSDOP 1001.51.51.00.510 1001.01.01.00.510 70301.51.51.00.51015 1001.51.51.00.510
    粘土硅灰石云母氧化铝高岭土2碳酸钙2 3 20 260 270
    保护层厚度(毫米) 0.02 0.8 1.2   -
    挠曲温度(℃) 61 65 45   保护层不能形成
    抗断裂强度(千克/厘米2) 5.2 3.5-6.5 5.1
    穿透性*2 × B-× ×
    PTP模塑性*2 ○ ○ ×
PTP成形条件和评试方法如下：
成形条件：基材槽的成形温度：120℃，密封温度140℃，机器速度：5.3米/分钟。
挠曲温度：使用Clash-Berg挠曲温度测量设备(由TOYO SeikiCo.，Ltd.制造)按照JIS K6734进行测定。
抗断裂强度：使用Mullen抗断裂强度试验仪(由TOY0 Seiki Co.，Ltd.制造)按照JIS P8112进行测定。
穿透性能：按取出被包装物(药片)是否容易实际评定。
PTP成形能力：在PTP成形时和热密封时保护层是否粘于密封平板进行实际评试。
所用的聚氯乙烯基树脂(下面简称PVC)如下：
PVC1：平均聚合度1100的普通聚氯乙烯。
PVC2：平均聚合度510的普通聚氯乙烯。
PVC3：平均聚合度600的氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(醋酸乙烯酯含量13％)。
PVC4：平均聚合度1300的氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(醋酸乙烯酯含量4％)。
PVC5：平均聚合度800的氯化PVC(氯化物含量64％)。
PVC6：平均聚合度600的氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(醋酸乙烯酯含量5％)。
PVC7：平均聚合度950的氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(醋酸乙烯酯含量10％)。
MBS：甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂。
DOP：低分子酯增塑剂。
所用的无机填料如下：
                                                       平均粒径(微米)
滑石1                                                  3.2
高岭土1                                                4.8
硅灰石                                                 4.0
硅石1                                                  1.6
粘土                                                   0.5
云母                                                   2-4
氧化铝                                                 4.5
碳酸钙1                                                3.5
滑石2                                                  25
硅石2                                                  90
碳酸钙2                                                110
高岭土2                                                0.3无机填料平均粒径用离心沉降法测定。
工业用途
本发明的得到PTP保护层具有优秀的穿透性，由于这种保护层包含的材料与PTP基料相同，用后的再循环和处理是方便的，这有利于环境保护。

Claims (7)

1.由保护层和基材组成的挤压包装的保护层，其特征是保护层的厚度为0.01-1毫米并包括以100重量份聚氯乙烯基树脂计含5-250重量份的无机填料的树脂组合物，其中无机填料是滑石、硅石、高岭土、云母、氧化铝、硅灰石、粘土和碳酸钙中的至少一种，平均粒径为0.5-100微米，以及由JIS P8112规定的Mullen低压试验法测定的保护层抗断裂强度为0.01-5千克/厘米2。
2.权利要求1的挤压包装的保护层，其中所说的聚氯乙烯基树脂的平均聚合度为500-1300。
3.权利要求1的挤压包装的保护层，其中由JIS K6734中规定的Clash-Berg试验法测定保护层的挠曲温度为50-100℃。
4.权利要求1、2或3的挤压包装的保护层，其中所说的聚氯乙烯基树脂是聚氯乙烯树脂。
5.权利要求1、2或3的挤压包装的保护层，其中所说的聚氯乙烯基树脂包括聚氯乙烯树脂和氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物树脂。
6.权利要求5的挤压包装的保护层，其中所说的聚氯乙烯基树脂包括1-80％重量的聚氯乙烯树脂和20-99％重量的氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯脂的共聚物树脂。
7.权利要求6的挤压包装的保护层，其中所说的氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯树脂中的醋酸乙烯酯含量是3-15％重量。
CN97199099A 1996-10-25 1997-10-22 挤压包装用的保护层 Expired - Fee Related CN1108963C (zh)

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JP11088797A JP3526173B2 (ja) 1997-04-28 1997-04-28 Ｐｔｐ蓋材用塩化ビニル系シート
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JPS6077876A (ja) * 1983-09-30 1985-05-02 エーザイ株式会社 光分解性物質を遮光包装する方法
JPH0269538A (ja) * 1988-09-05 1990-03-08 Mitsubishi Kasei Vinyl Co 農業用合成樹脂被覆材

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JPS5715960A (en) * 1980-07-03 1982-01-27 Mitsubishi Plastics Ind Overlaying sheet
JPS6077876A (ja) * 1983-09-30 1985-05-02 エーザイ株式会社 光分解性物質を遮光包装する方法
JPH0269538A (ja) * 1988-09-05 1990-03-08 Mitsubishi Kasei Vinyl Co 農業用合成樹脂被覆材

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