CN110891450A - 构造鞋的装置和方法 - Google Patents

构造鞋的装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN110891450A
CN110891450A CN201880045256.0A CN201880045256A CN110891450A CN 110891450 A CN110891450 A CN 110891450A CN 201880045256 A CN201880045256 A CN 201880045256A CN 110891450 A CN110891450 A CN 110891450A
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heel
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CN110891450B (zh
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霍华德·丹能伯格
布莱恩·G.R.·休斯
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
    • A43B7/1405—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form
    • A43B7/141—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form having an anatomical or curved form
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B17/00—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
    • A43B23/07—Linings therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B3/00—Footwear characterised by the shape or the use
    • A43B3/10—Low shoes, e.g. comprising only a front strap; Slippers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B3/00—Footwear characterised by the shape or the use
    • A43B3/12—Sandals; Strap guides thereon
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
    • A43B7/1405—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
    • A43B7/1405—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form
    • A43B7/1415—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form characterised by the location under the foot
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
    • A43B7/1405—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form
    • A43B7/1415—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form characterised by the location under the foot
    • A43B7/1425—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form characterised by the location under the foot situated under the ball of the foot, i.e. the joint between the first metatarsal and first phalange
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
    • A43B7/1405—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form
    • A43B7/1415—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form characterised by the location under the foot
    • A43B7/144—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form characterised by the location under the foot situated under the heel, i.e. the calcaneus bone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
    • A43B7/1405—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form
    • A43B7/1415—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form characterised by the location under the foot
    • A43B7/1445—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form characterised by the location under the foot situated under the midfoot, i.e. the second, third or fourth metatarsal
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
    • A43B7/22—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with fixed flat-foot insertions, metatarsal supports, ankle flaps or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
    • A43B7/22—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with fixed flat-foot insertions, metatarsal supports, ankle flaps or the like
    • A43B7/223—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with fixed flat-foot insertions, metatarsal supports, ankle flaps or the like characterised by the constructive form
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
    • A43B7/28—Adapting the inner sole or the side of the upper of the shoe to the sole of the foot

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Abstract

提供了一种鞋或用于插入鞋中的装置，该鞋或装置在具有轮廓的鞋垫或鞋的顶侧上具有浅通道，特别是在穿着者的第一跖骨轴下方。鞋还具有被定位为位于穿着者的跟骨结节下面的后部区域或鞋跟杯，所述后部区域成形为容纳穿着者的跟骨结节的平坦表面，所述后部区域的上表面具有刚好位于穿着者跟骨结节正前方的位于穿着者跟骨区域下方的凸起部分。

Description

构造鞋的装置和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种鞋，该鞋易于构造并且在不影响鞋的合脚性或风格的情况下为穿着者提供更大的舒适度。
背景技术
为了理解现有技术和本发明，有必要了解脚的解剖结构和鞋构造的基础。图1是人脚10的骨骼的示意性内侧侧视图，图1A是人脚骨骼的后视图或脚跟端视图，并且图1B是人脚的骨骼的俯视图。为了本申请的目的，提到的后跟方向或后部是指脚或后跟20的后方方向；提到的前部或脚趾方向是指脚30的前部方向，脚趾或趾骨31位于其中；提到的内侧是指足弓40所在的脚侧；提到的外侧是指脚的外部；并且提到的上部或顶部和下部、底部或下面假定脚或鞋子处于直立位置。
脚的脚后跟20(也称为跗骨)包括距骨21和跟骨22的骨骼。跟骨22的后下表面具有被称为跟骨结节的微小隆起部分23。
参考图1A，跟骨是不规则形状的四角形骨骼，也称为脚跟骨或跟骨。如尤其在图1A中可以看到的那样，跟骨结节的内侧，即跟骨后表面的下部与外侧结节不在同一地面或平面上。跟骨解剖学上的这一细微差异可能会导致在诸如人行道、健身房地板、硬木等的平坦的地面上的不稳定。
还参考图1B，脚的骨骼还包括舟骨41、楔状骨42、跖骨45A-45E和趾骨或趾31A-3IE，在图1中可见大趾31A。跖骨头46A-46F位于跖骨轴47A-47E的前端。尽管它是人体较小的部分之一，但所有人都知道脚包含26块骨头，33个关节和100多块肌肉。一个人的两只脚总共包括人体所有骨骼的四分之一以上，这些骨骼在站立、行走和跑步过程中相互作用并承受很大的压力。
人的鞋设计用于保护人的脚。然而，按照目前的设计，人的鞋在为人的脚提供适当的生物力学支持方面是不完美的。
图1C中也描绘了位于脚底下方的传统鞋50的部分的局部剖视图，以虚线示出了鞋的顶部。鞋50具有鞋跟51，该鞋跟51附接到鞋50的鞋底52的下表面，并且鞋底52进而支撑鞋垫板53，在该鞋垫板53上放置有鞋垫54。在常规的鞋中，鞋垫板在位于穿着者的脚跟到跖骨头下方的区域通常具有相对刚性的构造。鞋垫通常非常柔软并且通常非常薄，通常不超过半毫米厚。鞋垫是脚底通常放置在其上的表面。
在Dananberg的在先美国专利4,597,195('195专利)中，描述了一种人的鞋底，该鞋底具有减少的支撑区域，该支撑区域基本上仅位于穿着者脚的第一跖骨头的位置下方。如'195专利中所述，基本上仅在第一跖骨头下方提供一个减少的支撑区域可促进第一跖骨头外翻和足底屈曲，因为重量从脚跟转移到第一跖列。因此，促进了脚的足底屈曲和旋后的正常功能，具有改善步行舒适性和对随后的脚跟着地的减震的有益结果。先前的PCT申请WO2011/017174A1描述了一种人的鞋底或鞋垫的改进，其中在第一跖骨头下方提供了凹陷，其中该凹陷的最低点偏向中心的内侧。已经制造并出售了数百万双加入如上所述的在第一跖骨头下方的缓解(relief)的鞋。
发明内容
在功能和舒适性方面，本发明提供了对当前鞋类产品的改进。一方面，通过在成形的鞋垫或鞋内插入物的顶侧上，特别是在第一跖骨轴下方提供浅通道(channel)，本发明在鞋类产品的生物力学功能方面提供了显著的改进，从而为穿着者提供了增加的舒适度。在从后跟部到脚趾部的方向上，通道旋转4±1度足底等级(plantargrade)，并且脚趾端低于后跟端。在外侧到内侧的方向，通道向下倾斜大约9±2度。通道也不是左右对称的，而是在左侧顺时针旋转10±5度，在右侧逆时针旋转10±5度。旋转变化可用于容纳从高到低的足弓的各种不同类型的脚。在低弓足中，旋转会更大，因为跖骨头外翻和跖屈少得多。在高弓足中，旋转将在所述旋转的下端，因为第一跖骨已经跖屈(plantarflexed)。
浅通道位于2-6mm厚的鞋垫的顶侧，其被修整以在跖骨头后面结束，并有一个小的第一跖骨凹陷。通道也可以形成在整个长度的鞋垫中，其中2-4mm的“台阶(step-down)”位于跖骨头位置处，横跨跖骨球。台阶或较薄的区域朝向脚趾，较厚的部分朝向脚跟。
替代地，通道可以位于鞋垫的顶侧，该鞋垫具有2-6mm高的凸起“圆顶(dome)”，其中最高点位于第一和第二跖骨头后面的第一和第二跖骨轴之间，并且修整为结束于跖骨头的后面，并且具有小的第一跖骨凹陷。该通道也可以放置在整个长度的鞋垫上，其中“圆顶”是放置在跖骨头的位置后面，横跨跖骨球，鞋垫延伸回脚跟下。
如下文所述，本发明还优选地包括修改鞋的鞋跟区域或鞋跟杯区域，以在其从附着于内侧跟骨移动(travel)到近节趾骨时减少穿着者的足底筋膜的压力，并且包括稍微中空或凹陷的鞋跟杯区域(1-3mm深)前面的稍微凸起(0.5-2mm厚)的区域，适于位于穿着者的脚跟下面。中空或凹陷的鞋跟杯区域是不对称的，其最低区域位于鞋跟的内侧，并且在鞋跟杯的内侧具有向前的延伸部分。
脚支撑表面可以被内置到鞋中，即，通过提供有轮廓的鞋垫板。替代地，改进的脚支承层(supporting bed)可以被插入鞋袜(sliding sock)中，或者提供为单独的件，其可以在工厂使用，或者在售后市场由消费者使用。此外，在模制凉鞋和人字拖鞋的情况下，脚支撑表面可以与形成凉鞋或人字拖鞋的鞋床(foot bed)一体地形成或从中切出。
换句话说，该装置可以与鞋的鞋床一体地形成为成形的鞋垫或作为单独的装置。如本文所使用的，“装置”旨在指全部三个。
该装置是左/右鞋子专用的，其中，左鞋子和右鞋子件优选是彼此的镜像。
附图说明
结合附图，在详细描述中可以看到本发明的其他特征和优点，其中：
图1是人脚的骨骼的截面示意图；
图1A是人脚的跟骨的后视图；
图1B是人脚的骨骼的俯视图；
图1C是传统鞋的各部分的剖视图；
图2是根据本发明的一个实施方式的用于男鞋的左脚支撑鞋垫的俯视图，右脚支撑鞋垫是其镜像；
图3是沿图2的线III-III截取的脚支撑鞋垫的侧视截面图；
图4A是图2的男鞋的脚支撑鞋垫的前脚部分的放大图，其上叠加了0.2mm的轮廓线；
图4B是替代的独立实施方式的放大图，仅包括女鞋的轮廓前脚部分，其上叠加了0.2mm的轮廓线；
图5是类似于图4的视图，但示出了图2的右脚支撑鞋垫的后跟部分，其上叠加了0.2mm的轮廓线；
图6A-6G是沿图5的线A-A至G-G截取的截面图；以及
图7A-7C是根据本发明的具有脚支撑鞋垫的各种鞋类产品的剖视图。
具体实施方式
如本文所用，术语“鞋底(sole)”和“鞋垫(insole)”可互换使用。此外，“鞋底”或“鞋垫”可以是内置在鞋类产品中或形成鞋类产品的组成元件的元件，例如鞋垫板，也可以是单独元件，包括例如鞋垫或拖鞋袜或可移除鞋垫、售后鞋垫装置和售后鞋跟装置，或可插入制造后的鞋类产品中的定制或预制足部矫正器。鞋跟元件也可以直接形成在鞋的脚支撑表面上，即例如在模制凉鞋或人字拖鞋的情况下。
在一个实施方式中，脚支撑表面包括单独的元件或装置。在这样的实施方式中，该装置的尺寸和形状可以适合于鞋垫或鞋垫板的形状。最佳地，在这样的实施方式中，当装置被定位在鞋垫下方时，该装置比鞋垫窄。这种较窄的尺寸允许鞋垫的边缘沿着本发明的装置的边缘粘附到鞋垫板上。取决于鞋子的样式，这种较窄的构造可能是特别期望的。在下面描述的其他实施方式中，该装置可以与鞋垫、拖鞋袜、鞋床或鞋垫板一体形成，或者在诸如凉鞋或人字拖鞋的模制鞋类产品的情况下，一体地成型为脚支撑表面的一部分。
该装置有一个凹陷区域，该凹陷区域适于位于穿着者的脚跟下方，其通常成形为容纳穿着者的跟骨骨骼。鞋跟杯在内侧具有向前延伸部分，其作用是从附着于内侧跟骨移动到近节趾骨时减少足底筋膜的压力。
特别参考图2、3、5和6A-6G，该装置通常为2-5mm厚，包括不平衡形状的鞋跟杯135，通常是圆形凹陷136，其最低区域137略位于脚跟内侧。鞋跟杯135通常在平面上是圆形的，并且包括在其内侧向前凹入的延伸区域138，当其从附着于内侧跟骨移动到近节趾骨时，该区域用于减小对穿着者脚的足底筋膜的压力。鞋跟杯135在其最低点通常为1-4mm深，优选为2-3.5mm深，更优选为2.5-3mm深。紧跟鞋跟杯135的区域相对于凹陷136升高。继续向脚趾方向，然后将装置稍微减薄到穿着者足弓下的桥接区域(bridging area)，然后再次上升到适于位于穿着者脚的跖骨头下面的区域140。优选地，鞋跟杯135的区域137被拉长并在左侧顺时针旋转3±2度，在右侧逆时针旋转3±2度。
参考图2A、2B和4A，该装置的脚趾方向区域300在跖骨轴的下方向前延伸至仅短于跖骨头。浅通道302位于该装置的顶侧，适于部分地位于第一跖骨轴下面。通道302在后跟向脚趾的方向上巧妙地旋转4±1度足底等级，脚趾端303低于后跟端305。在从外侧到内侧的方向，通道302向下倾斜9±2度。同一通道302也不是左右对称的，而是在左侧顺时针旋转10±5度，在右侧逆时针旋转10±5度。旋转的变化适应各种不同类型的脚，从高足弓到低足弓。在低弓足中，旋转会更大，因为跖骨头外翻和跖屈少得多。在高弓足中，旋转将在旋转的下端，因为第一跖骨已经跖屈。
通道302的最大深度为1-3mm，可以位于2-4mm厚的扁平鞋垫的顶侧，该通道在其脚趾端304处修整，以恰好在所有5个跖骨头的后部结束，通道302在其脚趾端303处最深，以部分地容纳穿着者的第一跖骨头。通道302也可以形成在整个长度的鞋垫中，其中2-4mm之间的“台阶”位于跖骨头的位置，横跨跖骨球。较薄的区域朝向脚趾，较厚的部分朝向脚跟。
换句话说，通道302位于鞋垫的顶侧，可以包括2-5mm高的“圆顶”308，其中最高点400位于第一和第二跖骨之间，并且延伸到刚好位于所有5个跖骨头的后面，在其脚趾端303处最宽和最深，以部分容纳穿着者的第一跖骨头。通道302也可以形成在全长鞋垫中，其中“圆顶”308位于跖骨头的位置后面，横跨跖骨球，鞋垫延伸回脚跟下。
类似形状的通道302A可以形成在“四分之一”长度的鞋垫中，其中“圆顶”308位于跖骨头的位置后面，横跨跖骨球，并且鞋垫在到达最薄点202之前在其后跟端被修剪，如图4B所示。
在该实施方式中，可以添加一对对准槽口400以帮助在鞋中正确对准，因为在该实施方式中，前脚部分不能依靠整个长度装置的后跟下部分来正确对准。
上述鞋垫可与街头鞋和运动鞋(包括凉鞋)一起使用。如上所述，鞋垫可在制造时并入鞋垫板中，形成为鞋垫、拖鞋袜或售后鞋垫装置或定制或预制(柜台交易的(over-the-counter))矫正器，供穿着者放入鞋中。
优选地，装置的上表面是平滑成型的，没有可能导致不适的尖锐过渡或边缘。具体地说，凸起区域的顶点之间的过渡和装置的周围区域是圆角的和平滑的。
图7A-7C示出了该装置可成形为鞋床、鞋垫或例如街头鞋(图7A)或运动鞋(图7B)独立组件的一个组成部分，或直接内置于乐福鞋(loafer)、凉鞋或人字拖鞋(图7C)的脚支撑表面中。
为乐福鞋、凉鞋或人字拖鞋提供如上文所述的在第一跖骨轴下方的通道和如上文所述的不平衡鞋跟杯，显著地增加了使用者的舒适性，并改善了穿着者行走时的生物力学。
在不脱离本发明范围的精神的情况下，可以对上述发明进行各种改变。

Claims (15)

1.一种人的鞋或用于插入具有脚支撑上表面的人的鞋的装置，其中所述人的鞋或装置在脚支撑上表面上具有浅通道，浅通道适于位于穿着者的第一跖骨轴和第一跖骨头的后跟部下面，其中通道倾斜或旋转4±1度足底等级，通道的脚趾端低于通道的后跟端，并且其中通道在正面图中从外侧到内侧向下滚动或倾斜9±2度，并且其中对于左脚鞋，通道相对于横向平面的俯视图顺时针偏转或旋转10±5度，并且对于右脚鞋，相对于横向平面的俯视图逆时针偏转或旋转10±5度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的人的鞋或装置，其中所述通道旋转约0.5-3度足底等级，或旋转约5-7度足底等级。
3.根据权利要求1所述的人的鞋或装置，其中所述通道在从外侧到内侧的方向上向下倾斜2-7度，或者在从外侧到内侧的方向上向下倾斜11-16度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的人的鞋或装置，其中所述通道相对于左脚的横向平面的俯视图顺时针方向旋转1-5度，并且相对于右脚的横向平面的俯视图逆时针方向旋转1-5度，或者其中所述通道相对于左脚的横向平面的俯视图顺时针方向旋转15-20度，相对于右脚的横向平面的俯视图逆时针方向旋转15-20度。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的人的鞋底或装置，其形式为鞋垫或矫形物或鞋垫部分或拖鞋袜。
6.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的人的鞋底或装置，其中所述通道的最大深度为0.5-5mm。
7.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的鞋底或装置，其中所述鞋底或装置具有轮廓，并具有圆顶或凸起区域，所述圆顶或凸起区域适于位于穿着者的第一和第二跖骨头后面的第一和第二跖骨轴之间的下面。
8.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的鞋或装置，还包括：
鞋跟杯，其定位于位于穿着者脚跟下方，所述鞋跟杯在平面上通常为圆形，并且在其内侧具有向前的延伸部分，适于在其从附着于穿着者的内侧跟骨移动到穿着者的近节趾骨时，减少穿着者的足底筋膜的压力。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置，其中所述鞋跟杯是不对称的，其最低区域位于脚跟的内侧。
10.根据权利要求9所述的装置，其中所述鞋跟杯的最低区域是细长的，并且其在左侧顺时针旋转4±3度，并且在右侧逆时针旋转4±3度。
11.根据权利要求8所述的装置，其中所述鞋跟杯在其最低点处为1-5mm深。
12.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述装置是左/右鞋子专用的。
13.根据权利要求12所述的装置，其中，左鞋子件和右鞋子件是彼此的镜像。
14.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述鞋是乐福鞋、凉鞋或人字拖鞋，并且凹槽与脚支撑表面一体形成。
15.根据权利要求8所述的装置，其中所述通道和所述鞋跟杯与所述鞋的脚支撑表面一体地形成。
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