CN110880632B - Wide-bandwidth angular frequency selection surface based on substrate integrated waveguide cavity - Google Patents
Wide-bandwidth angular frequency selection surface based on substrate integrated waveguide cavity Download PDFInfo
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- CN110880632B CN110880632B CN201911171738.3A CN201911171738A CN110880632B CN 110880632 B CN110880632 B CN 110880632B CN 201911171738 A CN201911171738 A CN 201911171738A CN 110880632 B CN110880632 B CN 110880632B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0053—Selective devices used as spatial filter or angular sidelobe filter
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wide-bandwidth angular frequency selection surface based on a substrate integrated waveguide cavity, and belongs to the technical field of frequency selection surfaces. In each wide bandwidth angular frequency selection surface unit based on the substrate integrated waveguide cavity, a complete quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity is formed by square ring gaps formed in a first metal layer and a second metal layer. The cavity is complete and is not influenced by the size of the gap, so that the resonant frequencies of a cavity main mode and a gap mode of the structure can be respectively and independently controlled, the adjustment of the frequency interval between a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity mode and a square ring gap mode is realized, the broadband design is completed, and the bandwidth is increased. The problem of among the prior art substrate integrated waveguide frequency selective surface high incident angle stability and wide working bandwidth can't compromise simultaneously is solved, when guaranteeing incident angle stability, work bandwidth has been increased substantially.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of frequency selective surfaces, and particularly relates to a wide-bandwidth angular frequency selective surface based on a substrate integrated waveguide cavity.
Background
The transmission-type frequency selective surface is a spatial filter, which only allows the transmission of electromagnetic waves in the frequency band of interest, and has a wide application, such as being used as a radome, a polarization conversion surface, a reflection/transmission array, and the like. With the development of wireless communication technology, high-performance frequency selection surfaces such as broadband, wide-angle, low loss and the like become more and more important. In addition, the frequency selective surface also has to have high frequency selective characteristic and wide stop-band effect to enhance the out-of-band signal rejection capability.
Compared with the traditional structure, the frequency selection surface based on the substrate integrated waveguide has multiple natural advantages, such as small insertion loss, flat pass band, high frequency selectivity and the like.
For example, the document "Polarization rotation frequency based on structured waveguide technology" (Simone A. winkler, Wei Hong, Maurizio Bozzi, and Ke Wu, "IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol.58, No.4, Apr.2010.) proposes a Polarization transformation frequency selection surface based on a single-layer substrate integrated waveguide cavity. The horizontally linearly polarized electromagnetic wave is coupled through the top vertical slot of the substrate integrated waveguide cavity to excite the degenerate mode TM in the cavity120And TM210And then coupled and emitted out through a horizontal slit at the bottom layer of the waveguide cavity to become the vertically-polarized electromagnetic wave. The frequency selective surface insertion loss is only 0.2dB and the operating bandwidth is 9.1%, but the maximum operable incident angle is 20 degrees due to the large cell size.
Also, for example, a miniaturized frequency selective surface based on a hybrid electromagnetic boundary is proposed in the document "a bandpas frequency selective surface with a low cross-polarization based on simulations with a hybrid boundary" (l.l.yang, x.c.wei, d.yi, and j.m.jin "IEEE trans.antennas propag., vol.65, No.2, feb.2017."). The structural unit is divided into two cavities by a row of metallized through holes in the middle, and three resonance modes are generated together with gaps on the upper surface and the lower surface of the cavities so as to optimize transmission pass bands. The band-pass filter has small in-band ripple, insertion loss of only 0.37dB and working bandwidth of 11 percent, and both ends of the pass band have high selection characteristics, and the maximum working incident angle is 45 degrees.
Chinese patent publication No. CN105226355A discloses a frequency selective surface based on a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity. The upper surface and the lower surface of the cavity of the structural unit are etched with L-shaped gaps which are used as magnetic walls to simulate a quarter of a cavity on one hand, and provide a gap resonance point on the other hand, and the gap resonance point and the cavity main mode optimize a transmission passband. The unit has 65% reduced size compared with the conventional full-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity unit. The insertion loss is 0.3dB, the working bandwidth is 7%, and the maximum working incident angle is 60 degrees.
It can be seen from the existing report that the frequency selective surface insertion loss based on the conventional full-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity is small, but the incident angle stability is poor due to the large unit size. The sensitivity of the incident angle can be effectively reduced by using a miniaturized unit, but the bandwidth is narrow due to the mutual influence among working modes, and the difficulty is high for realizing the stability of the high incident angle and the wide working passband of the frequency selection surface of the substrate integrated waveguide at the same time, so that no relevant report is provided at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems or the defects of the prior art, the method aims to solve the problem that the stability of the high incident angle of the frequency selection surface of the substrate integrated waveguide and the wide working bandwidth cannot be considered simultaneously in the prior art. The invention provides a broadband wide-angle substrate integrated waveguide frequency selective surface.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a substrate integrated waveguide cavity based wide bandwidth angular frequency selective surface comprising n substrate integrated waveguide cavity based wide bandwidth angular frequency selective surface elements, wherein n > 1; the wide bandwidth angular frequency selection surface units based on the substrate integrated waveguide cavity are arranged in a matrix;
the frequency selection surface unit comprises a first metal layer, a dielectric layer and a second metal layer which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom;
the first metal layer is square, a square ring gap is etched on the first metal layer, the center of the square ring gap is superposed with the center of the first metal layer, and metallized through holes penetrating through the first metal layer, the dielectric layer and the second metal layer are respectively formed along the inner side and the outer side of the square ring gap;
the second metal layer has the same structure as the first metal layer, and the square ring gap and the metalized through hole formed in the second metal layer are vertically aligned with the square ring gap and the metalized through hole in the first metal layer;
the connecting line of the metallized through hole positioned at the outer side of the square ring gap is parallel to the outer ring of the square ring gap and is arranged along the four sides of the outer ring of the square ring gap, and the metallized through hole, the first metal layer and the second metal layer form a substrate integrated waveguide cavity together;
the connecting line of the metallized through hole positioned at the inner side of the square ring gap is parallel to the inner ring of the square ring gap, is arranged along any adjacent two sides of the inner ring of the square ring gap, and forms a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity together with the first metal layer and the second metal layer.
Further, the length l of the outer edge of the square ring gap1Inner edge length l2The following relationship is satisfied:
wherein f is0Selecting the surface center operating frequency for the frequency, c0Is the speed of light in vacuum, epsilonrIs the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate.
Furthermore, in the wide bandwidth angular frequency selective surface based on the substrate integrated waveguide cavity, each wide bandwidth angular frequency selective surface unit based on the substrate integrated waveguide cavity is sequentially arranged, and the distance is zero.
The working principle is explained as follows: linearly polarized electromagnetic waves are excited to form a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity main mode TM through top layer square ring gap coupling0.5,0.5,0And then coupled out through the bottom layer square ring gap to form a transmission response. The quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity is complete in structure and not affected by a square ring gap, so that a gap mode and a cavity main mode can be independently controlled respectively, and the working bandwidth is expanded to the maximum extent.
The invention provides a wide bandwidth angular frequency selection surface based on a substrate integrated waveguide cavity, wherein a complete quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity is formed in each wide bandwidth angular frequency selection surface unit based on the substrate integrated waveguide cavity through square ring gaps formed in a first metal layer and a second metal layer. The cavity is complete and is not influenced by the size of the gap, so that the resonant frequencies of a cavity main mode and a gap mode of the structure can be respectively and independently controlled, the adjustment of the frequency interval between a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity mode and a square ring gap mode is realized, the broadband design is completed, and the bandwidth is increased. The problem of among the prior art substrate integrated waveguide frequency selective surface high incident angle stability and wide working bandwidth can't compromise simultaneously is solved, when guaranteeing incident angle stability, work bandwidth has been increased substantially. In the invention, the wide bandwidth angular frequency selection surface based on the substrate integrated waveguide cavity is formed by periodically arranging the wide bandwidth angular frequency selection surface units of each substrate integrated waveguide cavity into a rectangle, the wide bandwidth angular frequency selection surface unit of each substrate integrated waveguide cavity is a period of the wide bandwidth angular frequency selection surface unit, and the impedance matching bandwidth can be optimized and the working bandwidth can be further expanded by adjusting the period length of the wide bandwidth angular frequency selection surface unit of the substrate integrated waveguide cavity.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a wide bandwidth angular frequency selective surface unit based on a substrate integrated waveguide cavity of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a top view of a wide bandwidth angular frequency selective surface unit structure based on a substrate integrated waveguide cavity in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a broad bandwidth angular frequency selective surface element array arrangement based on a substrate integrated waveguide cavity in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a graph of simulated S-parameters for a wide bandwidth angular frequency selective surface based on a substrate integrated waveguide cavity, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 5 is a plot of simulated transmission coefficient versus angle of incidence for a wide bandwidth angular frequency selective surface based on a substrate integrated waveguide cavity in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is detailed below by combining the accompanying drawings and the embodiment.
As shown in fig. 3, a wide bandwidth angular frequency selective surface based on a substrate-integrated waveguide cavity is formed by 9 square wide bandwidth angular frequency selective surface units based on a substrate-integrated waveguide cavity arranged in a matrix, and metalized vias outside a square ring gap are shared between adjacent wide bandwidth angular frequency selective surface units based on a substrate-integrated waveguide cavity.
Each element constituting the wide bandwidth angular frequency selective surface of the substrate-based integrated waveguide cavity is shown in fig. 1 and 2: the copper-clad plate comprises a first metal copper-clad layer 1, a dielectric layer 2 and a second metal copper-clad layer 3 which are sequentially laminated from top to bottom;
a square ring gap 11 is etched on the first metal copper-clad layer 1, and metalized through holes 22 and 21 penetrating through the first metal copper-clad layer 1, the dielectric layer 2 and the second metal copper-clad layer 3 are respectively arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the square ring gap; the metallized through holes are arranged at equal intervals. The second metal copper-clad layer 3 has the same structure as the first metal copper-clad layer, and the square ring gap and the metallization through hole formed in the second metal copper-clad layer are vertically aligned with the square ring gap 11 and the metallization through hole in the first metal layer.
The connecting line of the metallized through hole 21 positioned outside the square ring gap is parallel to the outer ring of the square ring gap and is arranged along the four sides of the outer ring of the square ring gap, and the metallized through hole, the first metal copper-clad layer 1 and the second metal copper-clad layer 3 form a substrate integrated waveguide cavity together;
the connecting line of the metallized through hole 22 positioned at the inner side of the square ring gap is parallel to the inner ring of the square ring gap, is arranged along any adjacent two sides of the inner ring of the square ring gap, and forms a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity together with the first metal copper-clad layer 1 and the second metal copper-clad layer 3.
It is noted that the metal copper-clad layer is square, and the center of the square ring gap formed on the metal copper-clad layer is superposed with the center of the metal copper-clad layer; in addition, the width of the outer side of the square ring gap needs to be larger than the diameter of the metalized through hole 21.
The metallized through holes 22, 21 are circular in shape. In this embodiment, in order to further miniaturize the wide bandwidth angular frequency selective surface unit based on the substrate integrated waveguide, the metallized through holes 21 on the outer side of the square ring slot are formed in a semicircular shape with 1/4 circles at the four corners, the metallized through holes 21 are opened on the boundary line of the first metallic copper clad layer 1, and the metallized through holes 21 on the adjacent wide bandwidth angular frequency selective surface units based on the substrate integrated waveguide are formed in a circular shape together. The common metallized via 21 between adjacent wide bandwidth angular frequency selective surface elements based on substrate integrated waveguides makes the overall structure simpler.
Aiming at the scheme, the specific design of the wide-bandwidth angular frequency selection surface based on the substrate integrated waveguide cavity is completed, the center frequency is 10GHz, the selected dielectric layer 2 is TLY-5, the dielectric constant is 2.2, the loss tangent is 0.0009, and the thickness is 1.016 mm. The thicknesses of the first metal copper-clad layer 1 and the second metal copper-clad layer 3 are both 0.018 mm. The wide bandwidth angular frequency selection surface unit period length based on the substrate integrated waveguide cavity is 9.6mm, the side length of the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity is 6.2mm, the gap width is 2.6mm, the diameter of each metallized through hole is 0.5, and the hole center distance between two adjacent metallized through holes in the same row is 0.96 mm.
Based on the structure, a formula is calculated according to the resonant frequency of the main mode and the gap of the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity
Wherein f iscAnd fsThe waveguide cavity main mode and the gap resonant frequency are respectively integrated on the quarter-mode substrate. c. C0Is the speed of light in vacuum, epsilonrIs the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate, /)2And l1The side lengths of the inner ring and the outer ring of the square ring gap are respectively; therefore, the value of the frequency distance deltaf between the main mode frequency of the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity and the gap can be obtained:
as the central working frequency f of the wide-bandwidth angular frequency selection surface unit based on the substrate integrated waveguide cavity provided by the invention is known0Is 10GHz, equal to (f)c+fs) Relative dielectric constant ε of mediumrAnd 2.2, calculating according to the formula (3) to obtain that the frequency distance delta f between the main mode and the gap of the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity is greater than 19%. Thus illustrating that the present method provides a wide bandwidth angular frequency selective surface based on a substrate integrated waveguide cavity that is easier to design for broadband than the prior art.
Electromagnetic full-wave simulations were performed using commercial software HFSS on the wide bandwidth angular frequency selective surface based on the substrate integrated waveguide cavity described above. As shown in fig. 4, the slot mode and cavity primary mode resonant frequencies are 9.5 and 11.9GHz, respectively, which together form a wide transmission passband with 1dB and 3dB passband bandwidths from 8 to 11.9GHz (39%) and from 6.9 to 12GHz (54%), respectively. In addition, no parasitic pass band is generated below the working pass band, and a parasitic pass band with extremely narrow bandwidth is generated only at the position 23.7GHz away from the working pass band, so that the frequency selection surface has wide stop band characteristics at both ends of the working pass band.
In addition, as shown in fig. 5, the wide bandwidth angular frequency selective surface based on the substrate integrated waveguide cavity can operate at 60 degrees oblique incidence at maximum, with an operating bandwidth still greater than 20%.
In summary, the present invention provides a wide bandwidth angular frequency selective surface based on a substrate integrated waveguide cavity, which combines a miniaturized quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity with a square ring gap surrounding the cavity to achieve dual-frequency response. Compared with the traditional design, the invention has the following two outstanding advantages:
1. the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity is complete in structure and is not affected by gaps. The resonant frequencies of the cavity main mode and the gap mode can be respectively and independently controlled, and the broadband design is easy.
2. The unit period length of the wide bandwidth angular frequency selective surface element based on the substrate integrated waveguide cavity can optimize the impedance matching bandwidth without affecting the resonant frequency of the operating mode, and thus the operating bandwidth can be further expanded by increasing the unit period length of the wide bandwidth angular frequency selective surface element based on the substrate integrated waveguide cavity.
Based on two independently controllable working modes, the bandwidth of the 1dB and the 3dB working pass bands of the wide-bandwidth angular frequency selection surface based on the substrate integrated waveguide cavity is respectively as high as 34% and 49%, which are far higher than the maximum working bandwidth reported in the prior art. Based on the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide structure, the maximum operable incident angle reaches 60 degrees.
In the foregoing description, the substrate-based integrated waveguide cavity wide-bandwidth angular frequency selective surface according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention may have a certain gap between adjacent substrate-based integrated waveguide cavity wide-bandwidth angular frequency selective surface elements, regardless of insertion loss. From the above description, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. Therefore, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A substrate integrated waveguide cavity based wide bandwidth angular frequency selective surface comprising n substrate integrated waveguide cavity based wide bandwidth angular frequency selective surface elements, wherein n > 1; the method is characterized in that: the wide bandwidth angular frequency selection surface units based on the substrate integrated waveguide cavity are arranged in a matrix;
the frequency selection surface unit comprises a first metal layer, a dielectric layer and a second metal layer which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom;
the first metal layer is square, a square ring gap is etched on the first metal layer, the center of the square ring gap is superposed with the center of the first metal layer, and metallized through holes penetrating through the first metal layer, the dielectric layer and the second metal layer are respectively formed along the inner side and the outer side of the square ring gap;
the second metal layer has the same structure as the first metal layer, and the square ring gap and the metalized through hole formed in the second metal layer are vertically aligned with the square ring gap and the metalized through hole in the first metal layer;
the connecting line of the metallized through hole positioned at the outer side of the square ring gap is parallel to the outer ring of the square ring gap and is arranged along the four sides of the outer ring of the square ring gap, and the metallized through hole, the first metal layer and the second metal layer form a substrate integrated waveguide cavity together;
the metallized through holes positioned on the inner side of the square ring gap in the unit structure are arranged along any adjacent two sides of the inner ring of the square ring gap, the positions of the metallized through holes positioned on the inner side of the square ring gap in all the units are consistent, and the metallized through holes, the first metal layer and the second metal layer jointly form a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity.
2. The substrate integrated waveguide cavity based wide bandwidth angular frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein: the length l of the outer edge of the square ring gap1Inner edge length l2The following relationship is satisfied:
wherein f is0Selecting the surface center operating frequency for the frequency, c0Is the speed of light in vacuum, epsilonrIs the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate.
3. The substrate integrated waveguide cavity based wide bandwidth angular frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein: in the wide bandwidth angular frequency selection surface based on the substrate integrated waveguide cavity, adjacent wide bandwidth angular frequency selection surface units based on the substrate integrated waveguide cavity are sequentially arranged, and the distance is zero.
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| KR101430994B1 (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2014-08-18 | 엘아이지넥스원 주식회사 | Compact and Light Duplexers with the SIW-based layered waveguide structure for satellite communications terminals |
| CN108183291A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-06-19 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of transmission-type multilayer polarization conversion structure based on SIW |
| CN110197947A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-09-03 | 云南大学 | Integral substrate gap waveguide feed gaps couple super skin antenna |
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| CN100395916C (en) * | 2006-03-21 | 2008-06-18 | 东南大学 | Frequency selecting surface based on substrate integrated waveguide technology |
| CN200965906Y (en) * | 2006-10-17 | 2007-10-24 | 东南大学 | Chebyshev filter characteristic frequency selection surface |
| US9853361B2 (en) * | 2014-05-02 | 2017-12-26 | The Invention Science Fund I Llc | Surface scattering antennas with lumped elements |
| CN104810583A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-07-29 | 中国矿业大学 | Polarization and wide-angle incidence insensitive three-band metamaterial band-pass filter |
| CN205543165U (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-08-31 | 信阳师范学院 | Integrated waveguide filter of high selectivity bimodulus substrate |
| KR102037227B1 (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-10-28 | 아주대학교산학협력단 | Substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna with metasurface |
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| KR101430994B1 (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2014-08-18 | 엘아이지넥스원 주식회사 | Compact and Light Duplexers with the SIW-based layered waveguide structure for satellite communications terminals |
| CN108183291A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-06-19 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of transmission-type multilayer polarization conversion structure based on SIW |
| CN110197947A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-09-03 | 云南大学 | Integral substrate gap waveguide feed gaps couple super skin antenna |
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