CN109980366B - Broadband dual-circular-polarization end-fire array antenna based on gap waveguide - Google Patents
Broadband dual-circular-polarization end-fire array antenna based on gap waveguide Download PDFInfo
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- CN109980366B CN109980366B CN201910222575.0A CN201910222575A CN109980366B CN 109980366 B CN109980366 B CN 109980366B CN 201910222575 A CN201910222575 A CN 201910222575A CN 109980366 B CN109980366 B CN 109980366B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P3/12—Hollow waveguides
- H01P3/123—Hollow waveguides with a complex or stepped cross-section, e.g. ridged or grooved waveguides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
Abstract
A broadband dual-circular-polarization end-fire array antenna based on gap waveguides comprises an upper metal cover plate layer, a gap waveguide layer and a lower metal cover plate layer which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom, wherein the gap waveguide layer is respectively combined with the upper metal cover plate layer and the lower metal cover plate layer to form an upper gap waveguide structure and a lower gap waveguide structure, and the upper gap waveguide structure and the lower gap waveguide structure are respectively fed through a first input port and a second input port; the gap waveguide layer comprises a metal partition plate, metal ridges and a plurality of metal pins, the metal ridges are arranged on the front surface and the back surface of the metal partition plate, the metal ridges comprise ridge gap waveguide T-shaped power dividers and three-stage step transition sections for ridge gap waveguide guide groove gap waveguide transition, the terminals of the metal partition plate are arranged to be partition plate circular polarizers, and the antenna radiation structure is composed of a plurality of partition plate circular polarizers arranged in a matrix mode. The invention satisfies the broadband, is easy to integrate, and has the characteristics of different circular polarization rotation directions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of antenna structure design, and relates to a broadband double-circular-polarization end-fire array antenna based on gap waveguide.
Background
The antenna can be divided into linear polarization, circular polarization and elliptical polarization according to polarization characteristics, and in a frequency range capable of meeting design index requirements, the bandwidth is the main performance parameters of the antenna, such as input impedance, a directional diagram, gain, main lobe width, side lobe level and the like. For circularly polarized antennas, the polarization characteristics tend to be the main factor limiting the operating bandwidth. The circularly polarized antenna can receive linearly polarized waves in any polarization direction, and signals transmitted by the circularly polarized antenna can be received by the linearly polarized antenna in any polarization direction, and the circularly polarized antenna has rotation direction orthogonality, and is particularly widely applied to the radio fields of polarization diversity, global positioning and the like of aerospace vehicles, wireless communication and radars. The waveguide is an important component of the antenna structure, plays a role in transmitting electromagnetic waves in the antenna structure, and has a process and indexes which are important factors influencing the performance of the antenna. With the increase of the application frequency, the size of the device is correspondingly reduced, so that the processing cost of the traditional metal waveguide is obviously increased, the welding requirement between metal walls is high in the processing, the processing difficulty is greatly increased, and the traditional metal waveguide is applied to a high-frequency communication device such as millimeter wave communication and has great difficulty. Media exist in substrate integrated waveguides and microstrip antennas which are widely applied in high frequency, so that a large amount of loss is generated when electromagnetic waves propagate along the media. The gap waveguide is a novel guided wave structure, can be divided into ridge gap waveguide, slot gap waveguide and microstrip gap waveguide, and is composed of an upper layer metal plate, a lower layer metal plate and a periodic electromagnetic band gap structure between the metal plates, and the gap waveguide structure has the characteristics of small loss, easy integration and the like, and is suitable for designing antennas and microwave devices with higher working frequency.
In recent years, end-fire circularly polarized antennas are mostly realized by adopting a symmetrical conical slot structure, and although low profile and low loss can be realized at the same time, the structure is still too complex and is not easy to process; the substrate integrated waveguide is widely applied to a feed network with a low section, but brings great loss in a millimeter wave frequency band; the gap waveguide structure is a novel guided wave structure, and examples of the gap waveguide structure applied to an end-fire antenna are not common, so how to develop an end-fire antenna with wide frequency band, low loss and easy integration by combining the gap waveguide technology is a problem which needs to be solved urgently at present, and meanwhile, realizing double circular polarization in the wide frequency band is also a difficult problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a broadband dual-circularly-polarized endfire array antenna based on gap waveguide, which meets the requirements of broadband and easy integration and has the characteristics of different circularly-polarized rotation directions.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the waveguide structure comprises an upper metal cover plate layer, a gap waveguide layer and a lower metal cover plate layer which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom, wherein the gap waveguide layer is respectively combined with the upper metal cover plate layer and the lower metal cover plate layer to form an upper gap waveguide structure and a lower gap waveguide structure, and the upper gap waveguide structure and the lower gap waveguide structure are respectively fed through a first input port and a second input port; the gap waveguide layer comprises a metal partition plate, metal ridges and a plurality of metal pins, the metal ridges are arranged on the front surface and the back surface of the metal partition plate, the metal ridges comprise ridge gap waveguide T-shaped power dividers and three-stage step transition sections for ridge gap waveguide guide groove gap waveguide transition, the terminals of the metal partition plate are set as partition plate circular polarizers, the partition plate circular polarizers are arranged along a straight line to form a plurality of radiation structures, and each partition plate circular polarizer is a four-stage step; the three-stage step transition section is processed along the height direction, the four-stage steps of the partition plate circular polarizer are processed on the metal partition plate along the transverse direction, metal pins are distributed on the periphery of the ridge gap waveguide T-shaped power divider and the terminal of the metal partition plate, and the metal pins on each partition plate circular polarizer are used as the side wall of the slot gap waveguide.
The partition plate circular polarizer is arranged along a straight line to form a 1 x 8 matrix type radiation structure.
The thickness of the air gap between the metal ridge and the metal cover plate layer is 0.3 mm.
The air gap thickness between the metal pins and the metal cover plate layer of the slot gap waveguide is 0.05 mm.
The gap waveguide layer is arranged between the upper metal cover plate layer and the lower metal cover plate layer, and the upper metal cover plate layer and the lower metal cover plate layer are connected through screws, so that the upper metal cover plate layer, the lower metal cover plate layer, the upper metal cover plate layer and the lower metal cover plate layer are fixed into a whole.
The first input port is arranged between the metal partition plate and the upper metal cover plate layer, the second input port is arranged between the metal partition plate and the lower metal cover plate layer, the first input port and the second input port are respectively connected with the ridge gap waveguide T-shaped power divider, when the first input port feeds, the antenna radiates right-hand circular polarized waves, and when the second input port feeds, the antenna radiates left-hand circular polarized waves.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: by adopting the partition plate circular polarizer, a new field component with a phase difference of 90 degrees with the original field component can be generated at the antenna terminal, so that circular polarized waves are synthesized between the antenna terminal and the original field component, an upper input port and a lower input port are arranged on the gap waveguide layer, and when different input ports are fed, two circular polarizations with different rotation directions can be respectively realized. The whole antenna adopts the gap waveguide as a guided wave structure, so that the whole antenna has a simple and compact structure and is easy to integrate, and the whole antenna does not need to be welded and only needs to be fastened through screws. The metal ridge is provided with a transition section which is divided into a first-stage step transition section, a second-stage step transition section and a chamfer transition section, so that the feed network has better impedance matching characteristics in a wider frequency band, and the ridge gap waveguide is used as a feed structure, so that the antenna meets the working requirement of a wide frequency band and realizes low loss in a millimeter wave frequency band.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a gap waveguide layer of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the interstitial waveguide layer of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of simulation results of antenna reflection coefficients and inter-port isolation according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of simulation results of the antenna axial ratio of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of simulation results of antenna gain according to the present invention;
FIG. 7(a) is a simulated pattern at 29GHz for an antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 7(b) is a simulated pattern at 36.5GHz for an antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 7(c) is a simulated pattern at 44GHz for an antenna of the present invention;
in the drawings: 11-upper metal cover plate layer; a 12-gap waveguide layer; 13-lower metal cover plate layer; 14-input port number one; 15-input port number two; 21-a metal separator; 22-diaphragm circular polarizer; 23-three-stage step transition section; 24-a metal ridge; 25-metal pins; 26-ridge gap waveguide T-shaped power divider; AA' -axial section line of metal separator.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the antenna of the present invention structurally includes an upper metal cover plate layer 11, a gap waveguide layer 12, and a lower metal cover plate layer 13, which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom, the gap waveguide layer 12 is combined with the upper metal cover plate layer 11 and the lower metal cover plate layer 13 to form an upper and lower gap waveguide structure, and the upper and lower gap waveguide structures are fed through a first input port 14 and a second input port 15, respectively. The first input port 14 is an input port of the upper layer gap waveguide, and the second input port 15 is an input port of the lower layer gap waveguide. The first input port 14 is provided between the metal separator 21 and the upper metal cover plate layer 11, and the second input port 15 is provided between the metal separator 21 and the lower metal cover plate layer 13. The gap waveguide layer 12 comprises a metal partition plate 21, metal ridges 24 and a plurality of metal pins 25 which are arranged on the front surface and the back surface of the metal partition plate 21 in a periodic arrangement mode, the metal ridges 24 comprise ridge gap waveguide T-shaped power dividers 26 and three-stage step transition sections 23 in ridge gap waveguide guide groove gap waveguide transition, the terminal of the metal partition plate 21 is set to be a partition plate circular polarizer 22, and the antenna radiation structure is a 1 x 8 matrix formed by the partition plate circular polarizers 22.
The gap waveguide layer 12 is arranged between the upper metal cover plate layer 11 and the lower metal cover plate layer 13, and the upper metal cover plate layer 11 and the lower metal cover plate layer 13 are connected through screws, so that the three layers are fixed into a whole. The antenna as a whole is symmetrical about the axial section line AA' of the metal spacer. Each partition plate circular polarizer 22 is a four-stage ladder, the partition plate circular polarizers 22 are arranged along a straight line to form a 1 x 8 matrix type radiation structure, and metal pins 25 are arranged between the adjacent partition plate circular polarizers 22 to form a radiation structure unit.
The three-stage step transition section 23 of the ridge gap waveguide groove gap waveguide transition is processed along the height direction, the four-stage step of the partition plate circular polarizer 22 is processed on the metal partition plate 21 along the transverse direction, and the metal pins 25 are distributed on the periphery of the ridge gap waveguide T-shaped power divider 26 and the terminal end of the metal partition plate 21. The thickness of the air gap between the metal ridge 24 and the metal cover plate is 0.3mm, and the thickness of the air gap between the metal pin 25 of the slot gap waveguide and the metal cover plate is 0.05 mm.
The two input ports are respectively connected with a ridge gap waveguide T-shaped power divider 26. According to the invention, the separator plate circular polarizer is adopted, a new field component with a phase difference of 90 degrees with the original field component can be generated at the antenna terminal, and then the circular polarized wave is synthesized between the antenna terminal and the original field component; when the first input port 14 is fed, the antenna radiates right-hand circularly polarized waves, and conversely, when the second input port 15 is fed, the antenna radiates left-hand circularly polarized waves. The feed network part is of a ridge gap waveguide structure, the terminal radiation part is of a slot gap waveguide structure, the metal pins 25 on two sides of the radiation unit are equivalent to the side walls of the slot gap waveguide, the metal pins 25 arranged periodically provide high-impedance surfaces, and stop bands are generated to inhibit the transmission of electromagnetic waves.
The first-stage step transition section, the second-stage step transition section and the cut angle transition on the ridge gap waveguide T-shaped power divider 26 enable the feed network to have good impedance matching characteristics in a wide frequency band; the three-stage stepped transition section 23 of the ridge gap waveguide-groove gap waveguide transition enables the ridge gap waveguide-groove gap waveguide transition to have good impedance matching characteristics in a wide frequency band.
Referring to fig. 4, it can be seen that the reflection coefficient of the antenna of the present invention is less than-10 dB in the frequency band of 29.3-44.4GHz, and at the same time, the isolation between the two ports in the frequency band is greater than 15dB, and the relative impedance bandwidth reaches 41.4%. Referring to fig. 5, it can be seen that the axial ratio of the antenna of the invention is less than 3dB in the frequency band of 29.6-44.6GHz, and the 3dB axial ratio bandwidth reaches 41.1%; the impedance bandwidth and the 3dB axial ratio bandwidth both reach more than 41 percent, and the performance index of the antenna is realized in a wider frequency band. Referring to fig. 6, it can be seen that the gain of the antenna of the present invention is greater than 16.7dBic in the operating frequency band, and the highest gain reaches 19.1 dBic. Fig. 7(a), fig. 7(b) and fig. 7(c) show simulated directional diagrams of the antenna at the low, medium and high frequency points 29GHz, 36.5GHz and 44GHz respectively when the input port is fed, and it can be seen that the antenna of the invention can better realize circular polarization in the working frequency band.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified and replaced by a plurality of simple modifications and replacements without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention, and these modifications and replacements also fall into the protection scope of the patent defined by the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A broadband double-circular-polarization end-fire array antenna based on gap waveguide is characterized in that: the waveguide structure comprises an upper metal cover plate layer (11), a gap waveguide layer (12) and a lower metal cover plate layer (13) which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom, wherein the gap waveguide layer (12) is respectively combined with the upper metal cover plate layer (11) and the lower metal cover plate layer (13) to form an upper and a lower layer of gap waveguide structure, and the upper and the lower layer of gap waveguide structure are respectively fed through a first input port (14) and a second input port (15); the gap waveguide layer (12) comprises a metal partition plate (21), metal ridges (24) and a plurality of metal pins (25), wherein the metal ridges (24) and the metal pins (25) are arranged on the front surface and the back surface of the metal partition plate (21), the metal ridges (24) comprise ridge gap waveguide T-shaped power dividers (26) and three-stage step transition sections (23) for ridge gap waveguide guide groove gap waveguide transition, the terminal of the metal partition plate (21) is set as a partition plate circular polarizer (22), the partition plate circular polarizers (22) are arranged along a straight line to form a plurality of radiation structures, and each partition plate circular polarizer (22) is a four-stage step; the three-stage step transition section (23) is processed along the height direction, four-stage steps of the partition plate circular polarizer (22) are processed on the metal partition plate (21) along the transverse direction, metal pins (25) are distributed on the periphery of the ridge gap waveguide T-shaped power divider (26) and the terminal of the metal partition plate (21), and the metal pin (25) on each partition plate circular polarizer (22) is used as the side wall of the slot gap waveguide; the partition plate circular polarizers (22) are arranged along a straight line to form a 1 x 8 matrix type radiation structure; an input port (14) set up between metal partition (21) and last metal sheet apron layer (11), No. two input port (15) set up between metal partition (21) and lower metal sheet apron layer (13), ridge clearance waveguide T type merit is divided ware (26) is connected respectively to an input port (14) and No. two input port (15), when input port (14) feed, the antenna radiates dextrorotation circular polarized wave, when input port (15) feed No. two, the antenna radiates levogyration circular polarized wave.
2. The gap waveguide based broadband dual circularly polarized endfire array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the air gap between the metal ridge (24) and the metal cover plate layer is 0.3 mm.
3. The gap waveguide based broadband dual circularly polarized endfire array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the air gap thickness between the metal pins (25) of the slot gap waveguide and the metal cover plate layer is 0.05 mm.
4. The gap waveguide based broadband dual circularly polarized endfire array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the gap waveguide layer (12) is arranged between the upper metal cover plate layer (11) and the lower metal cover plate layer (13), and the upper metal cover plate layer (11) and the lower metal cover plate layer (13) are connected through screws, so that the three layers are fixed into a whole.
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| CN110492212B (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2021-07-06 | 电子科技大学 | Ultra-wideband power distribution synthesizer based on ridge gap waveguide technology |
| US11196171B2 (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2021-12-07 | Veoneer Us, Inc. | Combined waveguide and antenna structures and related sensor assemblies |
| CN110661086A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-01-07 | 盛纬伦(深圳)通信技术有限公司 | High-gain antenna array structure based on resonant cavity radiation |
| CN112688080B (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-03-29 | 华南理工大学 | Double-ridge opening waveguide structure circularly polarized antenna array based on 3D printing technology |
| CN113113782B (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2022-04-29 | 西安电子科技大学 | Broadband metal flat plate array antenna, radar and wireless communication system |
| CN113471706B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-06-23 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Low sidelobe antenna array with parasitic radiation suppression function |
| CN114094350B (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2023-02-24 | 北京邮电大学 | Microwave millimeter wave slot gap waveguide multiport feed multi-beam antenna array |
| CN116487875B (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2023-08-22 | 安徽大学 | Broadband millimeter wave antenna |
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