CN114335999A - K/Ka waveband dual-band dual-circularly-polarized antenna based on gap waveguide - Google Patents
K/Ka waveband dual-band dual-circularly-polarized antenna based on gap waveguide Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a K/Ka waveband dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna based on gap waveguide, which comprises a first power division and radiation layer, a second power division and radiation layer and a grid interlayer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top; the first power distribution and radiation layer comprises a first power distribution network and a left-hand circularly polarized radiation unit, and the left-hand circularly polarized radiation unit meets left-hand circularly polarized radiation conditions; the second power distribution and radiation layer comprises a second power distribution network and a right-hand circularly polarized radiation unit, and the right-hand circularly polarized radiation unit meets the right-hand circularly polarized radiation condition; the first power distribution network and the second power distribution network are four-in-one same-phase power distribution networks formed by utilizing a slot gap waveguide, a ridge gap waveguide and a slot gap waveguide; the grid layer is used for reducing the far-field directional diagram grating lobe level; the dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna has high efficiency and high gain, and realizes a better function of the dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna; and a dielectric substrate is not required to be arranged, so that the radiation efficiency and the power capacity of the antenna are effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a K/Ka waveband dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna based on gap waveguides.
Background
The antenna is a key device of a wireless communication system and plays a role in energy conversion between guided electromagnetic waves and radiated electromagnetic waves; compared with a linear polarization antenna, the circular polarization antenna has the outstanding advantages of resisting rain and fog attenuation, inhibiting multipath interference signals and relaxing the installation orientation limitation of the receiving and transmitting antenna; the antenna realizes circularly polarized waves with opposite rotation directions in two receiving and transmitting frequency bands, and only one antenna is used for completing receiving and transmitting functions of different frequencies, so that the space volume can be saved, the complexity of a physical layer of a communication system is reduced, and the satellite communication is positively influenced.
In the assembly process of the metal structure of the existing antenna, due to welding and other reasons, the metal structure cannot be tightly attached to form an air gap, electromagnetic energy leakage is caused, and the equipment efficiency is low; at present, a method of a microstrip slot antenna or a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) antenna is mostly adopted for realizing the dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna, and the design is flexible and the processing is convenient; however, as the frequency of electromagnetic energy is increased, the loss of the electromagnetic energy in a medium is increased, and a medium substrate with high dielectric constant can excite a medium surface wave, so that the radiation efficiency of the antenna is reduced, and the power capacity is lower; in addition, high performance dielectric sheets are costly.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a K/Ka waveband dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna based on gap waveguide, and aims to solve the technical problems of low radiation efficiency and low power capacity of the conventional dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides a K/Ka waveband dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna based on gap waveguide, which comprises a first power division and radiation layer, a second power division and radiation layer and a grid interlayer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top;
the first power distribution and radiation layer comprises a first power distribution network and a left-handed circularly polarized radiation unit, and the first power distribution network forms a one-to-four same-phase power distribution network by utilizing a slot gap waveguide, a ridge gap waveguide and a slot gap waveguide; the left-handed circularly polarized radiation unit meets the left-handed circularly polarized radiation condition;
the second power distribution and radiation layer comprises a second power distribution network and a right-hand circularly polarized radiation unit, and the second power distribution network is a one-to-four same-phase power distribution network formed by utilizing a slot gap waveguide, a ridge gap waveguide and a slot gap waveguide; the right-hand circularly polarized radiation unit meets the right-hand circularly polarized radiation condition;
and the grid layer is used for reducing the far field pattern grating lobe level.
Further, the first power distribution and radiation layer comprises a first metal table, and periodic first metal nails are arranged on the first metal table; the bottom end of the first metal nail is connected with the first metal platform, and an air gap is formed between the top end of the first metal nail and the bottom surface of the second power distribution and radiation layer;
the first metal platform is provided with a first slot gap waveguide, a first ridge gap waveguide and two second slot gap waveguides; the first slot gap waveguide, the first ridge gap waveguide and the two second slot gap waveguides form a four-to-four same-phase power distribution network;
the first slot gap waveguide is an input port of the first power distribution network; the first slot gap waveguide is transited to the middle part of the ridge of the second ridge gap waveguide to form a one-to-two power distribution network; the two second slot gap waveguides are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the first ridge gap waveguide, and the two ends of the first ridge gap waveguide are inserted into the middle parts of the two second slot gap waveguides to form a one-to-two power distribution network.
Further, an air gap constriction with a preset size is arranged in the first slot gap waveguide; the air gap constriction acts as a first equivalent capacitive structure.
Furthermore, four first radiation cavities are arranged in the surface area of the first metal table, and are in a circular structure and are distributed in a centrosymmetric manner; each first radiation cavity is provided with a first tuning structure which is a cylindrical metal column; the cylindrical metal column is concentrically inserted into the first radiation cavity, and a gap is formed between the cylindrical metal column and the first radiation cavity;
two first circularly polarized perturbation structures are arranged in each first radiation cavity, and are symmetrically arranged and used for degenerating electromagnetic energy fed into the first radiation cavities into electromagnetic waves of two modes; wherein, the amplitudes of the electromagnetic waves of the two modes are equal, the directions are orthogonal, and the phase difference is 90 degrees.
Further, the second power dividing and radiating layer comprises a second metal platform; the second metal table is provided with periodic second metal nails; the bottom end of the second metal nail is connected with the second metal platform, and an air gap is formed between the top end of the second metal nail and the bottom surface of the grid layer;
a third slot gap waveguide, a second ridge gap waveguide and two fourth slot gap waveguides are arranged on the second metal platform; the third slot gap waveguide, the second ridge gap waveguide and the two fourth slot gap waveguides form a four-to-four same-phase power distribution network;
the third slot gap waveguide is an input port of the second power distribution network; the third slot gap waveguide is transited to the middle part of the ridge of the second ridge gap waveguide to form a one-to-two power distribution network; the two fourth slot gap waveguides are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the second ridge gap waveguide, and the two fourth slot gap waveguides are inserted into two ends of the second ridge gap waveguide to form a one-to-two power distribution network.
Further, an air gap constriction with a preset size is arranged in the third slot gap waveguide; the air gap constriction acts as a second equivalent capacitive structure.
Furthermore, four second radiation cavities are arranged in the surface area of the second metal table, and are circular and distributed in central symmetry;
two second circularly polarized perturbation structures are respectively arranged in each second radiation cavity, and are symmetrically arranged and used for degrading electromagnetic energy fed into the second radiation cavities into electromagnetic waves of two modes; wherein, the amplitudes of the electromagnetic waves of the two modes are equal, the directions are orthogonal, and the phase difference is 90 degrees.
Further, circular radiation apertures are periodically arranged on the grid layer; wherein, the circular radiation spaces are separated by adopting a square metal wall grid.
Furthermore, high-frequency energy electromagnetic waves are fed into the first power division and radiation layer through a wave port of the first power distribution network, and low-frequency energy electromagnetic waves are fed into the second power division and radiation layer through a wave port of the second power distribution network; the frequency of the high-frequency energy electromagnetic wave is 28GHz, and the frequency of the low-frequency energy electromagnetic wave is 19.7 GHz.
Furthermore, the first power dividing and radiating layer, the second power dividing and radiating layer and the grid isolation layer are all of metal structures
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a K/Ka waveband dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna based on gap waveguide, which adopts a first power division and radiation layer, a second power division and radiation layer and a grid interlayer which are arranged from bottom to top in sequence; the high-frequency energy electromagnetic wave and the low-frequency energy electromagnetic wave are respectively excited from wave ports of the first power dividing and radiating layer and the second power dividing and radiating layer, and are input to the left-hand circularly polarized radiating unit and the right-hand circularly polarized radiating unit after passing through a one-to-four same-phase power distribution network formed by the slot gap waveguide, the ridge gap waveguide and the slot gap waveguide, so that the antenna realizes opposite circularly polarized rotation directions in the high-frequency and low-frequency bands, and then radiates to a free space through the grid layer, therefore, the high-efficiency and high-gain dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna has high efficiency and high gain, and realizes a better function of the dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna; and a dielectric substrate is not required to be arranged, so that the radiation efficiency and the power capacity of the antenna are effectively improved.
Furthermore, in the first power division and radiation layer or the second power division and radiation layer, a structure for power distribution is formed by combining the slot gap waveguide, the ridge gap waveguide and the slot gap waveguide, so that the distance between the radiation units is reduced, and the processing difficulty and the assembly precision of the antenna are effectively reduced.
Furthermore, the air gap constriction is arranged on the first slot gap waveguide or the second slot gap waveguide, and the air gap constriction is used as an equivalent capacitor structure, so that the matching performance of the antenna is effectively improved.
Furthermore, two circularly polarized perturbation structures are symmetrically arranged in the first radiation cavity, so that a circularly polarized function is realized by using the circularly polarized perturbation structures, and electromagnetic energy fed into the first radiation cavity can be degenerated into electromagnetic waves of two modes; the two modes of electromagnetic waves have equal amplitude and orthogonal directions, the phase difference is 90 degrees, and the right-hand circularly polarized radiation condition is met.
Furthermore, two circularly polarized perturbation structures are symmetrically arranged in the second radiation cavity, so that a circularly polarized function is realized by using the circularly polarized perturbation structures, and electromagnetic energy fed into the second radiation cavity can be degraded into electromagnetic waves of two modes; the two modes of electromagnetic waves have equal amplitude and orthogonal directions, the phase difference is 90 degrees, and the left-hand circularly polarized radiation condition is met.
Furthermore, circular radiation apertures are periodically arranged on the grid layer, wherein the circular radiation apertures are separated by square metal wall grids, and the grid lobe level of a directional diagram of high-frequency energy in a far field can be reduced by adjusting the thickness or height size of the metal wall grids.
According to the K/Ka waveband dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna based on the gap waveguide, the co-caliber dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna based on the gap waveguide technology is adopted, the receiving and transmitting functions of the Ka waveband and the K waveband can be realized at the same time, and the complexity of the satellite communication system hardware is effectively reduced; based on the gap waveguide technology, the all-metal antenna has the characteristics of low loss, high efficiency and high power capacity, and the assembly precision of the antenna is reduced because no welding is needed between layers; the K/Ka waveband dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna structure based on the gap waveguide allows infinite period extension, and can improve the number of antenna units and increase antenna gain according to satellite communication requirements.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a gap waveguide-based K/Ka band dual-circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first power division and radiation layer structure of the antenna according to the embodiment;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second power division and radiation layer structure of the antenna according to the embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of simulation results of scattering parameters and axial ratio of high frequencies of the antenna according to the embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a graph of simulation results of scattering parameters at low frequency of the antenna according to the embodiment with axial ratio;
fig. 6 shows an antenna according to an embodiment, which has a frequency of 28GHz,
a time circularly polarized mode radiation pattern;
fig. 7 shows an antenna according to an embodiment, which has a frequency of 19.7GHz,
a time circularly polarized mode radiation pattern.
Wherein, 1 the first power dividing and radiating layer, 2 the second power dividing and radiating layer, 3 the grid layer; 11 a first metal platform, 12 a first metal nail, 13 a first slot gap waveguide, 14 a first ridge gap waveguide, 15 a second slot gap waveguide and 16 a first radiation cavity; 131 a first equivalent capacitive structure; 161 a first tuning structure; 162 a first circularly polarized perturbation structure; 21 a second metal stage, 22 a second metal pin, 23 a third slot gap waveguide, 24 a second ridge gap waveguide, 25 a fourth slot gap waveguide, 26 a second radiation cavity; 231 a second equivalent capacitive structure; 261 second circular polarization perturbation structure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention more apparent, the following embodiments further describe the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a gap waveguide-based K/Ka waveband dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna, which adopts an all-metal structure and comprises a first power distribution and radiation layer 1, a second power distribution and radiation layer 2 and a grid layer 3 which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top; the first power dividing and radiating layer 1, the second power dividing and radiating layer 2 and the gate spacer layer 3 are all of metal structures.
In the invention, high-frequency energy electromagnetic waves are fed into a first power division and radiation layer 1 through a wave port of a first power distribution network, and low-frequency energy electromagnetic waves are fed into a second power division and radiation layer 2 through a wave port of a second power distribution network; the frequency of the high-frequency energy electromagnetic wave is 28GHz, and the frequency of the low-frequency energy electromagnetic wave is 19.7 GHz.
The first power distribution and radiation layer 1 comprises a first power distribution network and a left-hand circularly polarized radiation unit, wherein the first power distribution network forms a four-in-one same-phase power distribution network by utilizing a slot gap waveguide-ridge gap waveguide-slot gap waveguide; the left-handed circularly polarized radiation unit meets the left-handed circularly polarized radiation condition.
The first power distribution and radiation layer 1 comprises a first metal platform 11, and periodic first metal nails 12 are arranged on the first metal platform 11; the bottom end of the first metal nail 12 is connected with the first metal table 11, and an air gap is formed between the top end of the first metal nail 12 and the bottom surface of the second power distribution and radiation layer 2; a first slot gap waveguide 13, a first ridge gap waveguide 14 and two second slot gap waveguides 15 are arranged on the first metal platform 11; the first slot-gap waveguide 13, the first ridge-gap waveguide 14 and the two second slot-gap waveguides 15 form a four-in-one in-phase power distribution network; i.e. forming a first power distribution network.
In the present invention, the first slot gap waveguide 13 is an input port of the first power distribution network, and is used for feeding high-frequency energy electromagnetic waves; the first slot gap waveguide 13 is transited to the middle of the ridge of the second ridge gap waveguide 14 to form a one-to-two power distribution network; the two second slot-gap waveguides 15 are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the first ridge-gap waveguide 14, and two ends of the first ridge-gap waveguide 14 are inserted into the middle parts of the two second slot-gap waveguides 15 to form a one-to-two power distribution network; preferably, an air gap constriction of a preset size is provided in the first slot gap waveguide 13; the air gap constriction acts as a first equivalent capacitive structure 131; the air gap constriction is arranged on the first slot gap waveguide and is used as a first equivalent capacitor structure, so that the matching performance of the antenna is effectively improved; in the present invention, a power division auxiliary structure is further provided between the first slot-gap waveguide 14 and the second slot-gap waveguide 15.
Four first radiation cavities 16 are arranged in the surface area of the first metal platform 11, and the four first radiation cavities 16 are in a circular structure and are distributed in a centrosymmetric manner; wherein the first radiating cavity 16 is fed from the side by the second slot-gap waveguide 15; a first tuning structure 161 is disposed in each first radiating cavity 16; by providing the first tuning structure 161 in the first radiation cavity 16, the matching performance of adjusting the electromagnetic waves of high frequency energy is achieved; preferably, the first tuning structure 161 is a cylindrical metal column, which is concentrically inserted into the first radiation cavity 16 and forms a gap with the first radiation cavity 16, and the lower end of the cylindrical metal column is connected to the first metal stage 11.
Two first circularly polarized perturbation structures 162 are arranged in each first radiation cavity 16, and the two first circularly polarized perturbation structures 162 are symmetrically arranged and used for degrading electromagnetic energy fed into the first radiation cavity 16 into electromagnetic waves of two modes; the amplitudes of the electromagnetic waves in the two modes are equal, the directions of the electromagnetic waves are orthogonal, and the phase difference is 90 degrees; preferably, the first circularly polarized perturbation structure 162 is a rectangular metal structure, and the rectangular metal structure is obliquely arranged in the first radiation cavity 16; by symmetrically arranging a first circularly polarized perturbation structure 162 in each first radiation cavity 16; namely, a left-handed circularly polarized radiation unit is formed; the circularly polarized perturbation structure is utilized to realize the circularly polarized function, and the high-frequency electromagnetic energy fed into the first radiation cavity can be degraded into two electromagnetic waves with equal amplitude and orthogonal direction and the phase difference of 90 degrees.
In the invention, the second power distribution and radiation layer 2 comprises a second power distribution network and a right-hand circularly polarized radiation unit, wherein the second power distribution network is a four-in-one same-phase power distribution network formed by utilizing a slot gap waveguide, a ridge gap waveguide and a slot gap waveguide; the right-hand circularly polarized radiation unit meets the right-hand circularly polarized radiation condition.
The second power dividing and radiating layer 2 includes a second metal stage 21; a periodic second metal nail 22 is arranged on the second metal platform 21; the bottom end of the second metal nail 22 is connected with the second metal table 21, and an air gap is formed between the top end of the second metal nail 22 and the bottom surface of the grid layer 3; a third slot gap waveguide 23, a second ridge gap waveguide 24 and two fourth slot gap waveguides 25 are arranged on the second metal platform 21; the third slot-gap waveguide 23, the second ridge-gap waveguide 24 and the two fourth slot-gap waveguides 25 form a four-to-four same-phase power distribution network; i.e. forming a second power distribution network.
In the present invention, the third slot gap waveguide 23 is an input port of the second power distribution network, and is used for feeding low-frequency energy electromagnetic waves; the third slot gap waveguide 23 is transited to the middle of the ridge of the second ridge gap waveguide 24 to form a one-to-two power distribution network; two fourth slot-gap waveguides 25 are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the second ridge-gap waveguide 24, and two fourth slot-gap waveguides 25 are inserted into two ends of the second ridge-gap waveguide 24 to form a one-to-two power distribution network; preferably, an air gap constriction of a preset size is provided in the third slot gap waveguide 23; the air gap narrowing acts as a second equivalent capacitive structure 231; the air gap constriction is arranged on the second slot gap waveguide and is used as a second equivalent capacitor structure, so that the matching performance of the antenna is effectively improved; in the present invention, a power division auxiliary structure is further provided between the second ridge gap waveguide 24 and the fourth slot gap waveguide 25.
Four second radiation cavities 26 are arranged in the surface area of the second metal platform 21, and the four second radiation cavities 26 are circular and are distributed in central symmetry; wherein the second radiating cavity 26 is fed from the side by a fourth slot-gap waveguide 25; two second circularly polarized perturbation structures 261 are respectively arranged in each second radiation cavity 26, and the two second circularly polarized perturbation structures 261 are symmetrically arranged and used for degrading electromagnetic energy fed into the second radiation cavity 26 into electromagnetic waves of two modes; the amplitudes of the electromagnetic waves in the two modes are equal, the directions of the electromagnetic waves are orthogonal, and the phase difference is 90 degrees; preferably, the second circularly polarized perturbation structure 261 is a rectangular metal structure, and the rectangular metal structure is obliquely arranged in the second radiation cavity 26; by symmetrically arranging a second circularly polarized perturbation structure 261 in each second radiation cavity 26; namely, a right-hand circularly polarized radiation unit is formed; the circularly polarized perturbation structure is utilized to realize the circularly polarized function, and the low-frequency electromagnetic energy fed into the second radiation cavity can be degraded into two electromagnetic waves with equal amplitude and orthogonal direction and the phase difference of 90 degrees.
The grid layer 3 is used for reducing the far-field directional diagram grating lobe level; circular radiation apertures are periodically arranged on the grid layer 3; the circular radiation spaces are separated by adopting square metal wall grids; the grating lobe level of the high-frequency electromagnetic wave in a far field can be effectively reduced by adjusting the height and the width of the square metal wall, and the antenna gain is increased.
The working principle is as follows:
when the K/Ka waveband dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna based on the gap waveguide is used, high-frequency energy electromagnetic waves or low-frequency energy electromagnetic waves are fed in from the wave ports of the first power division and radiation layer or the second power division and radiation layer respectively, and enter the radiation cavity in an equal-amplitude and same-phase manner through the conversion of the slot gap waveguide and the ridge gap waveguide.
For the first power division and radiation layer, feeding high-frequency energy electromagnetic waves (28GHz) through a wave port of the first power division and radiation layer; after the high-frequency energy electromagnetic wave enters the first slot gap waveguide, the first ridge gap waveguide completes the power distribution; then, completing second power distribution from the first ridge gap waveguide to the second slot gap waveguide; wherein, the power enters the first radiation cavity from the feed position in a four-in-one equal pair in phase; then, through a first circularly polarized perturbation structure in the first radiation cavity, perturbation is carried out by utilizing the inclined plane of the first circularly polarized perturbation structure, and through reasonable parameter setting, two electric fields with equal amplitude, orthogonal directions and 90-degree phase difference of high-frequency electromagnetic waves are excited, so that the left-hand circularly polarized radiation condition is met; and after passing through the second power division and radiation layer, the high-frequency electromagnetic energy is radiated to the free space after passing through the circular radiation aperture of the grid layer.
For the second power division and radiation layer, feeding low-frequency energy electromagnetic waves (19.7GHz) through a wave port of the second power division and radiation layer; after the low-frequency energy electromagnetic wave enters the third slot gap waveguide, the second ridge gap waveguide completes the power distribution; then, completing the second power distribution from the second ridge gap waveguide to the fourth slot gap waveguide; wherein, the power enters the second radiation cavity in a four-in-one equal-amplitude and same-phase mode from the feed position; then, through a second circularly polarized perturbation structure in a second radiation cavity, perturbation is carried out by utilizing the inclined plane of the second circularly polarized perturbation structure, and through reasonable parameter setting, two electric fields with equal amplitude, orthogonal directions and 90-degree phase difference of high-frequency electromagnetic waves are excited, so that right-hand circularly polarized radiation conditions are met; then the radiation passes through the circular radiation aperture of the grid layer and radiates to the free space.
In the invention, a first slot gap waveguide in a first power division and radiation layer and a third slot gap waveguide in a second power division and radiation layer both adopt E-plane slot gap waveguides; compared with the common H-surface slot gap waveguide, the E-surface slot gap waveguide has higher utilization rate of the horizontal space of the antenna, so that the space between the radiation cavities is smaller, and the high-frequency grating lobe level of the grating layer is easier to adjust; in the first power dividing and radiating layer or the second power dividing and radiating layer, the ridge gap waveguide is arranged between the two slot gap waveguides, so that the phase inversion can be avoided when the E-plane slot gap waveguide is used for one-to-two power distribution; meanwhile, the matching condition of the power divider can be effectively improved by arranging the equivalent capacitor structure in the first slot gap waveguide or the third slot gap waveguide.
In the invention, the conversion of the ridge gap wave guide groove gap wave guide is utilized, so that the space is effectively saved; the ridge gap waveguide is not needed to be adopted for power distribution; therefore, the related impedance matching structure is not required to be designed; meanwhile, the second slot gap waveguide or the fourth slot gap waveguide is fed into the first radiation cavity or the second radiation cavity, so that the structure is simpler.
In the invention, the radius of the first radiation cavity or the second radiation cavity is related to the radiation frequency; two inclined cuboid metal structures are symmetrically arranged in the first radiation cavity or the second radiation cavity respectively, so that electromagnetic waves with two modes of equal amplitude, same direction and orthogonal phase can be excited, and the circular polarization performance is met.
In the invention, the first power dividing and radiating layer and the second power dividing and radiating layer both adopt the gap waveguide technology, so that the loss is effectively reduced, the assembly precision among all layers of the antenna is reduced, and strict metal electrical contact is not required; the conversion between the slot gap waveguide and the ridge gap waveguide is utilized, so that the equal-amplitude and same-phase power distribution of one-to-four is realized; the circular polarization is realized by perturbation by adding an inclined metal surface to the cylindrical radiating unit. The first layer of circularly polarized radiating unit is loaded with a cylindrical metal column and matched with an adjusting antenna.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1-3, the present embodiment provides a gap waveguide-based K/Ka band dual-circularly polarized antenna, which includes a first power dividing and radiating layer 1, a second power dividing and radiating layer 2, and a grid layer 3, which are sequentially disposed from bottom to top; the first power dividing and radiating layer 1, the second power dividing and radiating layer 2 and the gate spacer layer 3 are all of metal structures.
The first power distribution and radiation layer 1 comprises a first power distribution network and a left-hand circularly polarized radiation unit, wherein the first power distribution network forms a four-in-one same-phase power distribution network by utilizing a slot gap waveguide-ridge gap waveguide-slot gap waveguide; the left-handed circularly polarized radiation unit meets the left-handed circularly polarized radiation condition.
The first power distribution and radiation layer 1 comprises a first metal platform 11, and periodic first metal nails 12 are arranged on the first metal platform 11; the bottom end of the first metal nail 12 is connected with the first metal table 11, and an air gap is formed between the top end of the first metal nail 12 and the bottom surface of the second power distribution and radiation layer 2; a first slot gap waveguide 13, a first ridge gap waveguide 14 and two second slot gap waveguides 15 are arranged on the first metal platform 11; the first slot-gap waveguide 13, the first ridge-gap waveguide 14, and the two second slot-gap waveguides 15 constitute a four-to-four in-phase power distribution network, i.e., a first power distribution network.
In this embodiment, the first slot gap waveguide 13 is an input port of the first power distribution network, and is used for feeding high-frequency energy electromagnetic waves; the first slot gap waveguide 13 is transited to the middle of the ridge of the second ridge gap waveguide 14 to form a one-to-two power distribution network; the two second slot-gap waveguides 15 are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the first ridge-gap waveguide 14, and two ends of the first ridge-gap waveguide 14 are inserted into the middle parts of the two second slot-gap waveguides 15 to form a one-to-two power distribution network; wherein, the first slot gap waveguide 13 is provided with an air gap constriction with a preset size; the air gap constriction acts as a first equivalent capacitive structure 131; a power division auxiliary structure is further arranged between the first slot-gap waveguide 14 and the second slot-gap waveguide 15.
Four first radiation cavities 16 are arranged in the surface area of the first metal platform 11, and the four first radiation cavities 16 are in a circular structure and are distributed in a centrosymmetric manner; wherein the first radiating cavity 16 is fed from the side by the second slot-gap waveguide 15; a first tuning structure 161 is disposed in each first radiating cavity 16; by providing the first tuning structure 161 in the first radiation cavity 16, the matching performance of adjusting the electromagnetic waves of high frequency energy is achieved; the first tuning structure 161 is a cylindrical metal column, which is concentrically inserted into the first radiation cavity 16 and forms a gap with the first radiation cavity 16, and the lower end of the cylindrical metal column is connected to the first metal stage 11.
Two first circularly polarized perturbation structures 162 are arranged in each first radiation cavity 16, and the two first circularly polarized perturbation structures 162 are symmetrically arranged and used for degrading electromagnetic energy fed into the first radiation cavity 16 into electromagnetic waves of two modes; the amplitudes of the electromagnetic waves in the two modes are equal, the directions of the electromagnetic waves are orthogonal, and the phase difference is 90 degrees; the first circularly polarized perturbation structure 162 is a rectangular metal structure that is obliquely disposed in the first radiation cavity 16.
In this embodiment, the height of the first metal nail 12 is 2.4mm, and the width thereof is 1.0 mm; the periodic interval between two adjacent first metal nails 12 is 1.9 mm; the air gap between the top end of the first metal nail 12 and the bottom surface of the second power division and radiation layer 2 is 0.1 mm; the first slot-gap waveguide 13 and the second slot-gap waveguide 15 both have a width of 1.9mm and a height of 7.12 mm; the first ridge gap waveguide 14 has a width of 0.8mm and a height of 1.53 mm; the diameter of the first radiating cavity 16 is 6.6mm, the diameter of the first tuning structure 161 is 3.4mm and the height is 2.6 mm; the tilt angle of the first circularly polarized perturbation structures 162 is 43 °, and the two first circularly polarized perturbation structures 162 are symmetrically arranged along the center of the first radiation cavity 16.
In this embodiment, the second power distribution and radiation layer 2 includes a second power distribution network and a right-hand circularly polarized radiation unit, and the second power distribution network is a one-to-four same-phase power distribution network formed by using a slot gap waveguide, a ridge gap waveguide and a slot gap waveguide; the right-hand circularly polarized radiation unit meets the right-hand circularly polarized radiation condition.
The second power dividing and radiating layer 2 includes a second metal stage 21; a periodic second metal nail 22 is arranged on the second metal platform 21; the bottom end of the second metal nail 22 is connected with the second metal table 21, and an air gap is formed between the top end of the second metal nail 22 and the bottom surface of the grid layer 3; a third slot gap waveguide 23, a second ridge gap waveguide 24 and two fourth slot gap waveguides 25 are arranged on the second metal platform 21; the third slot-gap waveguide 23, the second ridge-gap waveguide 24 and the two fourth slot-gap waveguides 25 form a four-to-four in-phase power distribution network, i.e. a second power distribution network.
The third slot gap waveguide 23 is an input port of the second power distribution network, and is used for feeding low-frequency energy electromagnetic waves; the third slot gap waveguide 23 is transited to the middle of the ridge of the second ridge gap waveguide 24 to form a one-to-two power distribution network; two fourth slot-gap waveguides 25 are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the second ridge-gap waveguide 24, and two fourth slot-gap waveguides 25 are inserted into two ends of the second ridge-gap waveguide 24 to form a one-to-two power distribution network; wherein, the third slot gap waveguide 23 is provided with an air gap constriction with a preset size; the air gap narrowing acts as a second equivalent capacitive structure 231; a power division auxiliary structure is further provided between the second ridge gap waveguide 24 and the fourth slot gap waveguide 25.
Four second radiation cavities 26 are arranged in the surface area of the second metal platform 21, and the four second radiation cavities 26 are circular and are distributed in central symmetry; wherein the second radiating cavity 26 is fed from the side by a fourth slot-gap waveguide 25; two second circularly polarized perturbation structures 261 are respectively arranged in each second radiation cavity 26, and the two second circularly polarized perturbation structures 261 are symmetrically arranged and used for degrading electromagnetic energy fed into the second radiation cavity 26 into electromagnetic waves of two modes; the amplitudes of the electromagnetic waves in the two modes are equal, the directions of the electromagnetic waves are orthogonal, and the phase difference is 90 degrees; wherein the second circularly polarized perturbation structure 261 is a cuboid metal structure, which is obliquely arranged in the second radiation cavity 26.
In this embodiment, the height of the second metal nail 22 is 3.1mm, and the width thereof is 1.0 mm; the periodic interval between two adjacent second metal nails 22 is 1.9 mm; the air gap between the top end of the second metal nail 22 and the bottom surface of the grid layer 3 is 0.1 mm; the third slot gap waveguide 23 and the fourth slot gap waveguide 25 are both 1.6mm wide and 8mm high; the width of the second ridge gap waveguide 24 is 1.17mm and the height is 2.82 mm; the diameter of the second radiation cavity 26 is 10.6mm, the inclination angle of the second circularly polarized perturbation structure 261 is 42 degrees, and the two second circularly polarized perturbation structures 261 are symmetrically arranged along the center of the second radiation cavity 26; the second radiation cavity 26 is provided therein with a connection structure with the first radiation cavity, the diameter of which is 8.7mm, for passing the high frequency energy electromagnetic wave, and changing the radius of the structure can significantly affect the axial ratio of the high frequency energy electromagnetic wave.
The grid layer 3 is used for reducing the far-field directional diagram grating lobe level; circular radiation apertures are periodically arranged on the grid layer 3; the circular radiation spaces are separated by adopting square metal wall grids; the grating lobe level of the high-frequency electromagnetic wave in a far field can be effectively reduced by adjusting the height and the width of the square metal wall, and the antenna gain is increased; in this embodiment, the width of the square metal wall grid is 1.5mm, and the height is 2.5 mm.
As shown in fig. 4, fig. 4 is a graph showing the simulation result of the scattering parameter and the axial ratio of the antenna at a low frequency according to the embodiment; as can be seen from FIG. 4, at a high frequency of-10 dB, the impedance bandwidth is 2.8% (27.7GHz-28.5GHz), and the axial ratio bandwidth of 3dB is 4.3% (27.6GHz-28.8GHz), and left-handed circularly polarized waves are radiated within the bandwidth.
As shown in fig. 5, fig. 5 is a graph showing a simulation result of scattering parameters and axial ratio of high frequency of the antenna according to the embodiment; as can be seen from FIG. 5, at low frequencies-10 dB, the impedance bandwidth is 5% (19.25GHz-20.25GHz), and the axial ratio bandwidth of 3dB is 2% (19.5GHz-19.9GHz), right-hand circularly polarized waves are radiated within the bandwidth.
As shown in fig. 6, the antenna according to the embodiment shown in fig. 6 has a frequency of 28GHz,
a time circularly polarized mode radiation pattern; as can be seen from fig. 6, the left-hand circularly polarized gain of the antenna is 16.4dB, the half-power beam width is 20 °, the grating lobe level is-9 dB, and the cross polarization level is less than-30 dB. Has the excellent radiation characteristics of high gain, high circular polarization purity and low polarization level.
As shown in fig. 7, the antenna according to the embodiment shown in fig. 7 has a frequency of 19.7GHz,
a time circularly polarized mode radiation pattern; as can be seen from FIG. 7, the right-hand circular polarization gain of the antenna is 15.4dB, the half-power beam width is 29 degrees, the grating lobe level is-11.9 dB, and the cross polarization level is less than-33 dB. Has the excellent radiation characteristics of high gain, high circular polarization purity and low cross polarization level.
The K/Ka waveband dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna based on the gap waveguide can be processed by a photocuring forming technology additive manufacturing technology, and surface metallization is realized by chemical plating and electro-coppering after photocuring forming; the antenna can also be machined in a metal numerical control milling mode, and the antenna is high in mechanical strength and good in mechanical property; generally, all-metal structures are mostly adopted in microwave devices for satellite communication in K/Ka wave bands, but the reasons that metals cannot be tightly attached due to welding and the like, air gaps are formed, efficiency is reduced and the like are inevitable in the assembling process; in the invention, an Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) structure is formed by a periodic nail-shaped structure based on a gap waveguide structure, a wider electromagnetic band gap structure can be formed by controlling the distance from the top surface of a metal surface, energy with frequency within the band gap cannot be transmitted, and low-loss transmission of electromagnetic energy can be completed by designing the structure.
The antenna can simultaneously realize the receiving and transmitting functions of K/Ka waveband double frequencies by one antenna, and reduce the hardware complexity of a satellite communication system; the antenna has the characteristics of low loss, high efficiency and high power capacity of the all-metal antenna, and reduces the requirements of assembly precision and ideal electrical contact; the structural design allows infinite period extension, the number of antenna units can be increased according to satellite communication, and antenna gain is increased.
The above-described embodiment is only one of the embodiments that can implement the technical solution of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the embodiment, but includes any variations, substitutions and other embodiments that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. A K/Ka waveband dual-band dual-circularly polarized antenna based on gap waveguide is characterized by comprising a first power distribution and radiation layer (1), a second power distribution and radiation layer (2) and a grid isolation layer (3) which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top;
the first power distribution and radiation layer (1) comprises a first power distribution network and a left-hand circularly polarized radiation unit, wherein the first power distribution network forms a four-in-one same-phase power distribution network by utilizing a slot gap waveguide-ridge gap waveguide-slot gap waveguide; the left-handed circularly polarized radiation unit meets the left-handed circularly polarized radiation condition;
the second power distribution and radiation layer (2) comprises a second power distribution network and a right-hand circularly polarized radiation unit, and the second power distribution network is a four-in-one same-phase power distribution network formed by utilizing a slot gap waveguide, a ridge gap waveguide and a slot gap waveguide; the right-hand circularly polarized radiation unit meets the right-hand circularly polarized radiation condition;
and the grating layer (3) is used for reducing far-field directional pattern grating lobe levels.
2. The gap waveguide based K/Ka band dual-circularly polarized antenna is characterized in that the first power dividing and radiating layer (1) comprises a first metal platform (11), and the first metal platform (11) is provided with periodic first metal pins (12); the bottom end of the first metal nail (12) is connected with the first metal table (11), and an air gap is formed between the top end of the first metal nail (12) and the bottom surface of the second power distribution and radiation layer (2);
a first slot gap waveguide (13), a first ridge gap waveguide (14) and two second slot gap waveguides (15) are arranged on the first metal platform (11); the first slot gap waveguide (13), the first ridge gap waveguide (14) and the two second slot gap waveguides (15) form a four-to-four same-phase power distribution network;
wherein the first slot-gap waveguide (13) is an input port of a first power distribution network; the first slot gap waveguide (13) is transited to the middle part of the ridge of the second ridge gap waveguide (14) to form a one-to-two power distribution network; the two second slot-gap waveguides (15) are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the first ridge-gap waveguide (14), and two ends of the first ridge-gap waveguide (14) are inserted into the middle parts of the two second slot-gap waveguides (15) to form a one-to-two power distribution network.
3. The gap waveguide based K/Ka band dual-circularly polarized antenna according to claim 2, wherein the first slot gap waveguide (13) is provided therein with an air gap constriction of a predetermined size; the air gap narrows to serve as a first equivalent capacitive structure (131).
4. The K/Ka band dual-circularly polarized antenna based on the gap waveguide as claimed in claim 2, wherein four first radiation cavities (16) are arranged in the area of the first metal platform (11), and the four first radiation cavities (16) are circular and distributed in a centrosymmetric manner; a first tuning structure (161) is arranged in each first radiation cavity (16), and the first tuning structure (161) is a cylindrical metal column; the cylindrical metal column is concentrically inserted into the first radiation cavity (16) in a penetrating way, and a gap is formed between the cylindrical metal column and the first radiation cavity (16);
two first circularly polarized perturbation structures (162) are arranged in each first radiation cavity (16), and the two first circularly polarized perturbation structures (162) are symmetrically arranged and used for degrading electromagnetic energy fed into the first radiation cavity (16) into electromagnetic waves of two modes; wherein, the amplitudes of the electromagnetic waves of the two modes are equal, the directions are orthogonal, and the phase difference is 90 degrees.
5. The gap waveguide based K/Ka band dual-circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein the second power splitting and radiating layer (2) comprises a second metal stage (21); periodic second metal nails (22) are arranged on the second metal platform (21); the bottom end of the second metal nail (22) is connected with the second metal platform (21), and an air gap is formed between the top end of the second metal nail (22) and the bottom surface of the grid layer (3);
a third slot gap waveguide (23), a second ridge gap waveguide (24) and two fourth slot gap waveguides (25) are arranged on the second metal platform (21); the third slot gap waveguide (23), the second ridge gap waveguide (24) and the two fourth slot gap waveguides (25) form a four-to-four same-phase power distribution network;
wherein the third slot-gap waveguide (23) is an input port of the second power distribution network; the third slot gap waveguide (23) is transited to the middle part of the ridge of the second ridge gap waveguide (24) to form a one-to-two power distribution network; two fourth slot-gap waveguides (25) are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the second ridge-gap waveguide (24), and two fourth slot-gap waveguides (25) are inserted into two ends of the second ridge-gap waveguide (24) to form a one-to-two power distribution network.
6. A gap-waveguide based K/Ka-band dual-circularly polarized antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that the third slot-gap waveguide (23) has an air gap constriction of a predetermined size; the air gap narrows as a second equivalent capacitive structure (231).
7. The gap waveguide based K/Ka band dual-circularly polarized antenna is characterized in that four second radiation cavities (26) are arranged in the surface area of the second metal platform (21), and the four second radiation cavities (26) are circular and are distributed in a centrosymmetric manner;
each second radiation cavity (26) is respectively provided with two second circularly polarized perturbation structures (261), and the two second circularly polarized perturbation structures (261) are symmetrically arranged and used for degrading electromagnetic energy fed into the second radiation cavity (26) into electromagnetic waves of two modes; wherein, the amplitudes of the electromagnetic waves of the two modes are equal, the directions are orthogonal, and the phase difference is 90 degrees.
8. The gap waveguide based K/Ka band dual-circularly polarized antenna is characterized in that the grating layer (3) is periodically provided with circular radiation apertures; wherein, the circular radiation spaces are separated by adopting a square metal wall grid.
9. The K/Ka band dual-circularly polarized antenna based on the gap waveguide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high frequency energy electromagnetic wave is fed into the first power splitting and radiating layer (1) through the wave port of the first power splitting network, and the low frequency energy electromagnetic wave is fed into the second power splitting and radiating layer (2) through the wave port of the second power splitting network; the frequency of the high-frequency energy electromagnetic wave is 28GHz, and the frequency of the low-frequency energy electromagnetic wave is 19.7 GHz.
10. The K/Ka band dual-circularly polarized antenna based on the gap waveguide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first power dividing and radiating layer (1), the second power dividing and radiating layer (2) and the grid interlayer (3) are all metal structures.
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| CN202111449925.0A CN114335999A (en) | 2021-11-30 | 2021-11-30 | K/Ka waveband dual-band dual-circularly-polarized antenna based on gap waveguide |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114649692A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-06-21 | 东南大学 | Dual-frequency dual-circular polarization transmission array antenna with independently controllable wave beams |
| CN115296047A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2022-11-04 | 南京天朗防务科技有限公司 | Tightly-coupled circularly-polarized common-caliber antenna |
-
2021
- 2021-11-30 CN CN202111449925.0A patent/CN114335999A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114649692A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-06-21 | 东南大学 | Dual-frequency dual-circular polarization transmission array antenna with independently controllable wave beams |
| CN115296047A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2022-11-04 | 南京天朗防务科技有限公司 | Tightly-coupled circularly-polarized common-caliber antenna |
| CN115296047B (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2022-12-27 | 南京天朗防务科技有限公司 | Tightly coupled circularly polarized common-caliber antenna |
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