CN114156624A - Millimeter wave broadband low-loss directional coupler based on gap waveguide structure - Google Patents
Millimeter wave broadband low-loss directional coupler based on gap waveguide structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114156624A CN114156624A CN202111605582.2A CN202111605582A CN114156624A CN 114156624 A CN114156624 A CN 114156624A CN 202111605582 A CN202111605582 A CN 202111605582A CN 114156624 A CN114156624 A CN 114156624A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- millimeter wave
- directional coupler
- shaped metal
- gap waveguide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
Abstract
The invention discloses a millimeter wave broadband low-loss directional coupler based on a gap waveguide structure, which is realized by a machining technology and comprises three parts: the waveguide coupler comprises a metal bottom plate, a coupling plate and a metal cover plate, wherein the metal bottom plate is composed of two U-shaped metal grooves, square metal pins around the U-shaped metal grooves and a step transition conversion structure from a gap waveguide to a standard WR-28 waveguide; design cut angles are arranged at the corners of the two U-shaped metal grooves to change the propagation direction of an electric field; the coupling plate is inserted into the metal groove of the metal bottom plate, is directly connected with the metal cover plate, and is provided with five symmetrically distributed coupling gaps with the same size for realizing the coupling of energy from the main channel to the auxiliary channel; the metal cover plate is arranged at the top, and the whole structure is packaged. The directional coupler works in a millimeter wave frequency band and has the advantages of wide band, low loss, easiness in processing and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic fields and microwaves, and particularly relates to a millimeter wave broadband low-loss directional coupler based on a gap waveguide structure.
Background
Modern wireless communication systems are moving towards high frequencies and high data transmission rates to accommodate future communication applications. The millimeter wave has the advantages of extremely wide bandwidth, narrow beam, high reliability, good directivity and the like, and is a main application frequency band of future passive devices.
Directional couplers are one of the most important passive devices in microwave and millimeter wave systems, and are widely used in microwave circuits such as balanced amplifiers, mixers, and feed networks of array antennas. Especially 0dB directional couplers, are widely used in measurement and isolation and shielding of signal sources, and 0dB couplers cannot be realized with backward wave coupling mechanism. In the millimeter wave band, some conventional transmission line technologies have drawbacks in performance, ease of integration, and manufacturing cost. In microwave-millimeter wave device design, the most common planar transmission lines are microstrip lines and striplines, which are often chosen for ease of integration with other active devices and for ease of fabrication. But as the working frequency increases, the loss of the working frequency is larger and larger, and the cavity resonance and other problems exist when the device is packaged. Cavity waveguides are generally suitable for high frequency and low loss applications, but they are difficult to integrate with active devices and have limitations due to high requirements on processing finesse. Therefore, the application of millimeter wave frequency band requires new technology to replace the conventional transmission line. In recent years, Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology has been widely used in the millimeter wave band as a low loss transmission line. However, when designing microwave and millimeter wave passive devices, such as couplers, the low loss characteristics of the SIW are degraded, because bending, slotting or some other action can destroy the characteristics of the main mode of the SIW. In SIW, since electromagnetic waves propagate through a medium, the dielectric loss increases significantly as the frequency increases. The advent of Gap Waveguide (GWG) technology has been a good solution to the above problems.
The gap waveguide technology is a novel low-loss transmission line formed based on a parallel plate waveguide, one surface of the transmission line is an ideal electric conductor (PEC), the other surface of the transmission line is designed into a periodic surface, the periodic surface is an Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure and can be regarded as an ideal magnetic conductor, and the most typical electromagnetic band gap structure is a periodic metal pin and mushroom-shaped structure. When the distance between the two metal flat plates is less than or equal to 1/4 working wavelength, the gap becomes a high resistance region, which can prevent the transmission of electromagnetic wave in any direction in a certain frequency range to form an electromagnetic band gap. Unlike conventional waveguides, gap waveguides do not require two conductor sections to be closely connected to prevent leakage of electromagnetic waves. Therefore, the whole structure can be divided into a plurality of parts for processing, and finally, the assembling and the fixing are carried out, so that the processing difficulty is greatly reduced. Moreover, compared with the substrate integrated waveguide and the microstrip line, because the electromagnetic wave of the gap waveguide is propagated in the air, the dielectric loss and the conductor loss are greatly reduced, and the method is very suitable for the design of circuits and devices in millimeter wave bands.
The coupler designed by utilizing the gap waveguide technology generally has the characteristic of low loss of broadband, can be applied to a millimeter wave frequency band, and is easy to process. It is worth mentioning that the coupler designed based on the gap waveguide structure can be easily applied to other millimeter wave frequency bands, and only the size of the pin unit needs to be changed to generate a corresponding electromagnetic band gap. Therefore, the novel millimeter wave broadband coupler designed by utilizing the gap waveguide technology has a very good application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a millimeter wave broadband low-loss directional coupler based on a gap waveguide structure, which realizes 0dB coupling of a millimeter wave frequency band broadband, and the whole structure is manufactured by all metal processing, so that the dielectric loss is effectively reduced.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a millimeter wave broadband low-loss directional coupler based on a gap waveguide structure adopts a transmission line structure of a slot gap waveguide technology, and the whole structure is manufactured by all-metal machining and comprises a metal bottom plate, a coupling plate and a metal cover plate;
the metal bottom plate consists of two U-shaped metal grooves, square metal pins around the U-shaped metal grooves and a step transition conversion structure from a gap waveguide to a standard WR-28 waveguide;
the coupling plate is inserted into the metal groove of the metal bottom plate, the top of the coupling plate is directly connected with the metal cover plate, and five symmetrically distributed coupling gaps with the same size are formed in the middle of the coupling plate and are used for realizing the coupling of energy from the main channel to the auxiliary channel;
the metal cover plate is positioned at the uppermost part of the coupler and encapsulates the whole structure.
Furthermore, two cutting angles are designed at the corners of the U-shaped metal groove and used for changing the propagation direction of the electric field.
Furthermore, the two U-shaped metal grooves are positioned in the metal bottom plate, and the middle of the two U-shaped metal grooves are separated by a coupling plate.
Further, there are at least 2 rows of periodic metal pins around the U-shaped metal slot.
Furthermore, the height of the grooves at the two sides of the U-shaped metal groove is not equal to that of the middle groove, and the stepped transition conversion structure is arranged at the corner of the U-shaped metal groove to realize impedance matching.
Furthermore, the four step transition conversion structures are respectively positioned in the U-shaped metal groove behind the corner cut.
Furthermore, the coupler also comprises 4 input/output ports which are respectively an input port, a through port, a coupling port and an isolation port, and the 4 input/output ports are directly connected with the U-shaped metal groove.
Further, the 4 input/output ports are standard WR-28 waveguide flange ports.
Furthermore, an air gap with a certain height is formed between the metal cover plate and the square metal pins on the metal bottom plate.
Further, the bottom of the coupling plate is flush with the U-shaped metal groove.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: (1) the directional coupler works in a millimeter wave frequency band of 30GHz, a novel gap waveguide technology is adopted, the processing difficulty is greatly reduced, the maximum insertion loss in a band is only 0.2dB, the relative working bandwidth is 14.7%, the return loss and the isolation in the band are both more than 10dB, and the broadband and the low loss are realized; (2) the invention also designs a broadband transition conversion structure from the slot gap waveguide to the standard WR-28 waveguide, which can be directly measured and used; (3) compared with other reported directional couplers, the directional coupler has the advantages of wider bandwidth, lower insertion loss, easier processing and manufacturing, simple assembly and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a millimeter-wave broadband low-loss directional coupler based on a gap waveguide structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a millimeter-wave broadband low-loss directional coupler xoy based on a gap waveguide structure and its dimensions.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a millimeter wave broadband low-loss directional coupler xoz based on a gap waveguide structure and a coupling plate structure and its dimensions.
Fig. 4 is an electric field distribution diagram of the millimeter wave broadband low-loss directional coupler based on the gap waveguide structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a simulation and measurement result of the performance of the millimeter wave broadband low-loss directional coupler based on the gap waveguide structure according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes an embodiment of a millimeter-wave broadband low-loss directional coupler based on a gap waveguide structure according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the millimeter wave broadband low-loss directional coupler based on the gap waveguide structure includes: the waveguide coupler comprises a metal bottom plate 1, periodic square metal pins 2 distributed around a U-shaped metal groove 4, a chamfer 3 for changing the propagation direction of an electric field, a step transition conversion structure 5 from a groove gap waveguide to a standard WR-28 waveguide, a metal cover plate 6 (in the drawing, a part is removed for conveniently seeing the internal structure), a coupling plate 7 with five coupling gaps, and 4 input and output ports 8.
Two U-shaped metal grooves 4 are designed on the metal bottom plate 1, and two cutting angles 3 are designed at the corners of the U-shaped metal grooves 4 to change the direction of an electric field. Because the height of the grooves at two sides of the U-shaped metal groove 4 is not equal to that of the middle groove, a two-stage step transition conversion structure 5 is introduced at the corner to realize impedance matching, two rows of periodic square metal pins 2 are arranged around the U-shaped metal groove 4 to form an electromagnetic band gap, so that electromagnetic wave can be transmitted along the designed metal groove, transition conversion to a standard WR-28 waveguide is designed behind the two U-shaped metal grooves 4, and because the sizes of the grooves at two sides of the U-shaped metal groove 4 are matched with the size of the standard WR-28 waveguide through the chamfer 3 and the step transition conversion structure 5, the U-shaped metal groove can be directly connected with the standard WR-28 waveguide port without reflection. The coupling plate 7 is inserted into the metal bottom plate, the bottom of the coupling plate is flush with the U-shaped metal groove 4, the upper side of the coupling plate is directly connected with the metal cover plate 6, five coupling gaps which are the same in size and are symmetrically distributed are formed in the middle of the coupling plate and are used for realizing the coupling of energy from the main channel to the auxiliary channel, the size and the distance of the coupling gaps are reasonably designed, the energy can be coupled to the port 3, the metal cover plate 6 is arranged on the top of the coupling plate and is placed on the metal bottom plate, and a certain air gap is formed between the periodic metal pins on the metal bottom plate. The whole structure is packaged, 4 input and output ports 8 are provided, namely an input port 1, a through port 2, a coupling port 3 and an isolation port 4, and due to structural symmetry, the relative positions of the input and output ports can be changed in a corresponding sequence.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, which is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a millimeter-wave broadband low-loss directional coupler based on a gap waveguide structure according to this embodiment, the directional coupler is manufactured by all-metal machining.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the millimeter wave broadband low-loss directional coupler based on the gap waveguide structure is labeled in size. The length of the metal bottom plate is 80mm, the width of the metal bottom plate is 60mm, the height of the metal bottom plate is 11.4mm, the width of the periodic square metal pins is 2.5mm, the space between the pins is 1.5mm, the height of the pins is 1mm, the air gap is 0.4mm, and the thickness h of the coupling platemIs 0.5mm, the length and the width of the coupling gap on the coupling plate are respectively 8mm and 1mm, the gap distance is 3.5mm, the width of two sides of the U-shaped metal groove 4 is 3.556mm, the width of the middle part is 2.4mm, the height is 7mm, the side length of two sides of the cut angle is respectively 3.8mm and 1.8mm, the length and the height of the first stage of step transition conversion are respectively 6mm and 0.85mm, the length and the height of the second stage are respectively 4mm and 1.8mm1 mm. The length and width of the standard WR-28 waveguide port are 7.112mm and 3.556mm, respectively. The specific structure size is as follows: l1＝6mm,l2＝4mm,a1＝3.8mm,a2＝1.8mm,hm＝0.5mm,W1＝2.4mm,W2＝3.556mm,p＝4mm,d＝2.5mm,h1＝2mm,h2＝0.4mm,h3＝0.85mm,h4＝1mm,h5＝7.112mm,hg＝7mm,ls＝8mm,Ws＝1mm,p1＝3.5mm。
Fig. 4 is an electric field distribution diagram of a millimeter wave broadband low-loss directional coupler based on a gap waveguide structure according to the present invention, and it can be seen that energy is substantially completely coupled from an input port 1 to a port 3.
Fig. 5 is a graph of simulation results of the present invention, and it can be observed that the maximum insertion loss measured in the frequency band range from 27.1GHz to 31.5GHz is about 0.2dB, the average insertion loss in the band is less than 0.4dB, and the in-band input return loss is better than 10dB with isolation.
Claims (10)
1. A millimeter wave broadband low-loss directional coupler based on a gap waveguide structure is characterized in that the directional coupler adopts a transmission line structure of a slot gap waveguide technology, and the whole structure is manufactured by machining all metals and comprises a metal bottom plate (1), a coupling plate (7) and a metal cover plate (6);
the metal bottom plate (1) consists of two U-shaped metal grooves (4), square metal pins (2) around the U-shaped metal grooves, and a step transition conversion structure (5) from a gap waveguide to a standard WR-28 waveguide;
the coupling plate (7) is inserted into the U-shaped metal groove (4) of the metal bottom plate (1), the top of the coupling plate is directly connected with the metal cover plate (6), and five symmetrically distributed coupling gaps with the same size are formed in the middle of the coupling plate and are used for realizing the coupling of energy from the main channel to the auxiliary channel;
and the metal cover plate (6) is positioned at the uppermost part of the coupler and encapsulates the whole structure.
2. The millimeter wave broadband low-loss directional coupler based on the gap waveguide structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein two cut angles (3) are designed at the corners of the U-shaped metal slot (4) for changing the propagation direction of the electric field.
3. The millimeter wave broadband low-loss directional coupler based on the gap waveguide structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein two U-shaped metal grooves (4) are located in the metal base plate (1), and the two U-shaped metal grooves (4) are separated by the coupling plate (7).
4. The gap waveguide structure based millimeter wave broadband low loss directional coupler according to claim 2, wherein there are at least 2 rows of periodic square metal pins (2) around the U-shaped metal slot (4).
5. The millimeter wave broadband low-loss directional coupler based on the gap waveguide structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein the heights of the two side slots and the middle slot of the U-shaped metal slot (4) are not equal, and the step transition conversion structure (5) is arranged at the corner of the U-shaped metal slot (4) to realize impedance matching.
6. The gap waveguide structure-based millimeter wave broadband low loss directional coupler according to claim 5, wherein four step transition structures (5) are respectively located in the U-shaped metal grooves (4) after the chamfer (3).
7. The gap waveguide structure based millimeter wave broadband low loss directional coupler according to claim 1, further comprising 4 input/output ports (8), which are an input port, a through port, a coupling port and an isolation port, wherein the 4 input/output ports (8) are directly connected to the U-shaped metal slot (4).
8. The gap waveguide structure based millimeter wave broadband low loss directional coupler according to claim 7, wherein 4 input and output ports (8) are standard WR-28 waveguide flange ports.
9. The gap waveguide structure based millimeter wave broadband low loss directional coupler according to claim 1, wherein there is a certain height of air gap between the metal cover plate (6) and the square metal pin (2) on the metal base plate (1).
10. The gap waveguide structure based millimeter wave broadband low loss directional coupler according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the coupling plate (7) is flush with the U-shaped metal slot (4).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111605582.2A CN114156624A (en) | 2021-12-25 | 2021-12-25 | Millimeter wave broadband low-loss directional coupler based on gap waveguide structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111605582.2A CN114156624A (en) | 2021-12-25 | 2021-12-25 | Millimeter wave broadband low-loss directional coupler based on gap waveguide structure |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114156624A true CN114156624A (en) | 2022-03-08 |
Family
ID=80451959
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111605582.2A Pending CN114156624A (en) | 2021-12-25 | 2021-12-25 | Millimeter wave broadband low-loss directional coupler based on gap waveguide structure |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114156624A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114566779A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-05-31 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | MEMS terahertz directional coupler based on gap waveguide and working method thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107968241A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-04-27 | 广东盛路通信科技股份有限公司 | 90 degree of hybrid couplers for millimeter wave multibeam antenna matrix |
| US20190074569A1 (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-03-07 | Nidec Corporation | Directional coupler |
| CN113451727A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-28 | 北京邮电大学 | Millimeter wave ring coupler based on multilayer packaging integrated substrate gap waveguide |
-
2021
- 2021-12-25 CN CN202111605582.2A patent/CN114156624A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20190074569A1 (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-03-07 | Nidec Corporation | Directional coupler |
| CN107968241A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-04-27 | 广东盛路通信科技股份有限公司 | 90 degree of hybrid couplers for millimeter wave multibeam antenna matrix |
| CN113451727A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-28 | 北京邮电大学 | Millimeter wave ring coupler based on multilayer packaging integrated substrate gap waveguide |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| R. SHEN, W. FENG AND Y. SHI: "《Forward-Wave 0 dB Directional Coupler Based on Groove Gap Waveguide Technology》", 《2021 INTERNATIONAL APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY (ACES-CHINA) SYMPOSIUM》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114566779A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-05-31 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | MEMS terahertz directional coupler based on gap waveguide and working method thereof |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP3888186B1 (en) | Ridge gap waveguide and multilayer antenna array including the same | |
| US8179214B2 (en) | Waveguide connection between a multilayer waveguide substrate and a metal waveguide substrate including a choke structure in the multilayer waveguide | |
| CN109980366B (en) | Broadband dual-circular-polarization end-fire array antenna based on gap waveguide | |
| CN111063975B (en) | Ka-band GYSEL power divider based on ridge gap waveguide | |
| CN110021805B (en) | Three-dimensional transition structure based on air gap waveguide in complex feed network | |
| CN113328228B (en) | Ultra-wideband transition structure from W-band ridge gap waveguide to microstrip line | |
| CN111987401A (en) | Ridge waveguide to microstrip line ultra wide band transition structure based on quartz probe | |
| CN113517527A (en) | Single-sided double-ridge double-probe waveguide power divider, power combiner and synthesis method | |
| CN107275738B (en) | Waveguide-microstrip power combiner based on magnetic coupling principle | |
| CN114188686B (en) | H-face waveguide/microstrip probe conversion device | |
| CN114156624A (en) | Millimeter wave broadband low-loss directional coupler based on gap waveguide structure | |
| CN115458892B (en) | Four-way in-phase unequal power divider based on circular SIW resonant cavity | |
| CN115020953B (en) | Millimeter wave back-to-back interlayer transition structure based on microstrip ridge gap waveguide | |
| CN114188711B (en) | Phased array antenna based on gap waveguide technology | |
| CN216288989U (en) | Gap waveguide feed millimeter wave microstrip antenna unit and array antenna | |
| CN111697321B (en) | Filter antenna based on half-mode substrate integrated waveguide structure | |
| CN111244619A (en) | Patch array antenna based on air substrate integrated waveguide | |
| CN112467327A (en) | Waveguide-coplanar waveguide transition structure based on electromagnetic band gap structure and back-to-back structure | |
| CN115133247B (en) | Ka frequency channel waveguide microstrip line transition structure | |
| CN112510337B (en) | Cross coupler based on mode synthesis, construction method and impedance matching structure | |
| CN114039183B (en) | Coplanar waveguide-rectangular waveguide converter | |
| CN114050407B (en) | Waveguide mode excitation structure, method and application thereof | |
| CN215418545U (en) | Vertical transition structure for converting microstrip into waveguide | |
| CN113612000B (en) | Rectangular waveguide I-shaped isolation network double-microstrip converter | |
| EP4246728A1 (en) | Antenna structures for spatial power-combining devices |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20220308 |