CN108110436B - Waveguide feed network and waveguide array antenna - Google Patents
Waveguide feed network and waveguide array antenna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108110436B CN108110436B CN201711367898.6A CN201711367898A CN108110436B CN 108110436 B CN108110436 B CN 108110436B CN 201711367898 A CN201711367898 A CN 201711367898A CN 108110436 B CN108110436 B CN 108110436B
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- waveguide
- rectangular waveguide
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- power divider
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002592 echocardiography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
Abstract
The invention discloses a waveguide feed network which is used for a waveguide array antenna, and comprises an E-T power divider network formed by cascading a group of rectangular waveguide E-plane T power dividers, wherein two output ports of each rectangular waveguide E-plane T power divider of the last stage of the E-T power divider network are respectively connected with a 90-degree polarizer, and the structures of the two 90-degree polarizers are arranged in a mirror symmetry mode. The invention also discloses a waveguide array antenna, including an antenna radiating element and a waveguide feed network as described above. Compared with the prior art, the invention can effectively inhibit leakage, thereby reducing the insertion loss of the whole feed network and greatly reducing the processing difficulty.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a waveguide feed network for a waveguide array antenna.
Background
Modern communication technology is rapidly developed, and the requirements of a communication system on antennas are miniaturized and high-efficiency. The waveguide flat array antenna has the characteristics of small volume, high efficiency, low profile and light weight, and is very in line with the development direction of the modern communication technology. The waveguide planar array antenna comprises an antenna radiating element and a waveguide feed network.
The waveguide feed network is an important component of the waveguide flat array antenna, and the key indexes of the waveguide feed network are amplitude distribution and phase distribution. When the minimum antenna side lobe is ensured, the amplitude meets Taylor distribution; when the maximum antenna gain is ensured the time-amplitude satisfies the average distribution. Whichever of the amplitude distributions, an equiphase distribution must be ensured, i.e. the signals fed to the waveguide port of each radiating element must be equiphase.
The current common waveguide feed network is a rectangular waveguide HT power divider network structure and is formed by cascading a group of rectangular waveguide H-plane T power dividers (HT power dividers for short). The HT structure characteristics of the rectangular waveguide can prove that under the condition of symmetrical structure, the HT power divider can ensure that the phases of all ports are equal, the amplitude can be controlled by the position of the diaphragm at the separation part, and the power division characteristics of the feed network can be realized well in theory. However, in the actual machining and assembling process, the HT power divider can only be split and cut from the narrow side, and as the planar slot antenna can only be provided with fastening screws around the antenna, the middle part is completely provided with a radiating unit which cannot be provided with the mounting screws, and the H surface of the narrow side inevitably has leakage due to the fact that the flatness of the machining is not good enough and the like. Leakage of these slots can severely deteriorate the performance of the antenna, reducing the gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna. The hot spot frequency E-band at high frequencies, especially in current communications research, is particularly severe and even renders the antenna inoperable. In order to solve the leakage problem of the HT waveguide feed network, the longest method is silver plating welding, but tin beads of silver plating welding easily spill into the waveguide cavity, worsen echo, and have no maintainability. The swedish gap waves company proposes a periodic structure for inhibiting leakage, a needle-shaped structure with the height of approximately 1/4 of the working wavelength is placed on two sides of a waveguide channel for inhibiting leakage of an H-plane gap, the leakage problem can be well solved by the structure, the performance of an antenna is greatly improved, but a fine needle of the structure is difficult to process and is easy to damage, the cost of the antenna is increased, and the mass production of the antenna is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of overcoming the defects in the prior art, and provides the waveguide feed network which can effectively inhibit the leakage problem, thereby reducing the insertion loss of the whole feed network and greatly reducing the processing difficulty.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention specifically solves the technical problems as follows:
the utility model provides a waveguide feed network for waveguide array antenna, waveguide feed network includes the E-T power divider network that is formed by cascading of a set of rectangular waveguide E face T type power divider, two output ports of every rectangular waveguide E face T type power divider of E-T power divider network last level are connected with a 90 polarizer respectively, and the structure of these two 90 polarizers is mirror symmetry setting.
Preferably, the 90 ° polarizer comprises an input rectangular waveguide and an output rectangular waveguide, and the vertical bisection plane of the E plane of the input rectangular waveguide is coplanar with the vertical bisection plane of the H plane of the output rectangular waveguide; the input rectangular waveguide is connected with the output rectangular waveguide through a step structure and a butterfly structure in sequence; the step structure is used for matching echo; the butterfly structure is used for twisting the polarization direction of the electromagnetic waveguide and consists of two mutually perpendicular cuboid waveguides which are partially overlapped, the height of the butterfly structure is approximately 1/4 of the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency, and the bottom surface of the butterfly structure is overlapped with the vertical equally-divided surface of the E surface of the input rectangular waveguide.
Preferably, the rectangular waveguide E-plane T-shaped power divider is formed by combining two parts which are split along the E plane.
Further, the rectangular waveguide E-surface T-shaped power divider is formed by combining two parts which are split along the E-surface central line.
The following technical scheme can be obtained according to the same invention idea:
a waveguide array antenna comprising an antenna radiating element and a waveguide feed network as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention creatively proposes to construct a waveguide feed network of a waveguide array antenna by utilizing an E-T power divider network, and solves the problem of phase consistency by respectively connecting two output ports of each E-T power divider of the last stage with 90-degree polarizers which are arranged in mirror symmetry. Since the E-T power divider is split from the wide E surface in the processing process, the characteristics of the rectangular waveguide show that the slit split along the middle line of the wide edge does not cut off current, so that the leakage problem of the feed network can be effectively solved. Particularly in a high-frequency band like E-band, the leakage problem of the feed network can be effectively restrained, the insertion loss of the whole feed network is reduced, the requirement on the processing flatness of the feed network can be effectively reduced, and the processing difficulty is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional four port E-T power divider network;
FIG. 2 is a simulation diagram of the phase distribution of each port of the four-port E-T power divider network shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a waveguide feed network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a 90 polarizer in accordance with a first embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a simulation diagram of the phase distribution of each port according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a waveguide feed network according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 to 9 are schematic views of a 90 ° polarizer according to a second embodiment;
fig. 10 is a simulation diagram of the phase distribution of each port according to the second embodiment.
The following reference numerals are included in the figures:
1. public port, 2-5, output port, 6, +90 degree polarizer, 7, -90 degree polarizer, 8, input rectangular waveguide, 9, output rectangular waveguide, 10, step structure, 11, butterfly structure, 12, butterfly structure bottom.
Detailed Description
In order to solve the leakage problem of the feed network of the existing rectangular waveguide H-T power divider network structure, the idea of the invention is to construct the feed network by adopting an E-T power divider network. The rectangular waveguide E-plane T-shaped structure power divider can be split from a wide side, so that the leakage problem of a feed network is well solved, but the E-T-shaped structure power divider divides signals into two paths of signals with opposite phases (the phases of two output ports are 180 degrees different), the E-T-shaped power divider network with four ports is shown in FIG. 1, the phase distribution simulation diagram of the four ports of the E-T-shaped power divider network is shown in FIG. 2, the phase difference between the output ports is 180 degrees, and the requirement of consistent phase of each port can not be met. Thus, E-T power divider networks have never been used in existing waveguide planar slot array antenna feed systems. In order to construct a waveguide feed network of the waveguide array antenna by utilizing the E-T power divider network, the invention solves the problem of phase consistency by respectively connecting two output ports of each E-T power divider of the last stage with 90-degree polarizers which are arranged in mirror symmetry.
Specifically, the waveguide feed network comprises an E-T power divider network formed by cascading a group of rectangular waveguide E-plane T power dividers, wherein two output ports of each rectangular waveguide E-plane T power divider of the last stage of the E-T power divider network are respectively connected with a 90-degree polarizer, and structures of the two 90-degree polarizers are arranged in a mirror symmetry mode.
For each rectangular waveguide E-plane T-type power divider of the last stage, the two output port signals are 180 degrees different in phase, and in order to enable the phases of the two rectangular waveguide E-plane T-type power dividers to be consistent, the two output port signals are required to be subjected to phase adjustment. Since the E-T power divider is split from the wide E surface in the processing process, the characteristics of the rectangular waveguide show that the slit split along the middle line of the wide edge does not cut off current, so that the leakage problem of the feed network can be effectively solved. Particularly in a high-frequency band like E-band, the leakage problem of the feed network can be effectively restrained, the insertion loss of the whole feed network is reduced, the requirement on the processing flatness of the feed network can be effectively reduced, and the processing difficulty is reduced.
For the convenience of public understanding, the following detailed description of the technical solution of the invention is made with reference to two specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings:
embodiment 1,
In practical use, the number of ports of the feed network generally follows 2 n Therefore, the actual feed network can be described by a four-port network, and therefore, the present embodiment is described by taking the simplest four-port feed network with Ku band as an example.
The basic structure of the four-port feed network is shown in fig. 3, which includes a four-port E-T power divider network and four polarizers connected at the four ports, respectively. In the figure, 1 is a common port, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are respectively four output ports of a feed network, the output ports 2 and 5 respectively correspond to two output ports of the same last-stage E-T power divider, and the output ports 3 and 4 respectively correspond to two output ports of the other last-stage E-T power divider. As shown in fig. 3, the output ports 4 and 5 are respectively connected with a 90 ° polarizer 7, and the output ports 2 and 3 are respectively connected with a 90 ° polarizer 7, and the 90 ° polarizers 6 and 7 are completely mirror-image polarizer structures, so that the sizes are completely consistent. The structure of the 90 ° polarizer is shown in fig. 4, and since it is a prior art, a detailed description thereof will not be further described. The phase response of each port of the four-port feed network is shown in fig. 5, and it can be seen from fig. 5 that the phase of the output signal of each port remains the same. Because the E-T power divider network is adopted, the waveguide is split into two parts along the wide edge of the waveguide in actual processing and then combined (preferably split along the center line of the E surface), and therefore, the section gaps of most areas are all in the E surface, and leakage can be effectively avoided.
Embodiment II,
The present embodiment will be described by taking a four-port feed network as an example. Fig. 6 shows the basic structure of the four-port feed network, which includes a four-port E-T power divider network and four polarizers connected at the four ports, respectively. In the figure, 1 is a common port, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are four output ports of a feed network respectively, the output ports 2 and 3 correspond to two output ports of the same last stage E-T power divider respectively, and the output ports 4 and 5 correspond to two output ports of the other last stage E-T power divider respectively. As shown in fig. 6, the output ports 3 and 5 are respectively connected with a 90 ° polarizer 7, the output ports 2 and 4 are respectively connected with a 90 ° polarizer 7, and the 90 ° polarizer 6 and the 90 ° polarizer 7 are completely mirror-image polarizer structures, so that the sizes are completely consistent.
The structure of the 90 ° polarizer in this embodiment is shown in fig. 7 to 9, which integrates the polarizer and the waveguide turning structure into one body. As shown in fig. 7 to 9, the 90 ° polarizer includes an input rectangular waveguide 8 and an output rectangular waveguide 9, which are respectively used as an input port and an output port of the 90 ° polarizer, and the input rectangular waveguide 8 is connected with the output port of the E-T power divider; the output rectangular waveguide 9 is connected to the radiating element of the antenna and feeds the radiating element of the antenna. The vertical bisection plane of the E plane of the input rectangular waveguide 8 is coplanar with the vertical bisection plane of the H plane of the output rectangular waveguide 9; the input rectangular waveguide 8 is connected with the output rectangular waveguide 9 through a step structure 10 and a butterfly structure 11 in sequence; the step structure 10 is used for matching echoes; the butterfly structure 11 is used for twisting the polarization direction of the electromagnetic waveguide, and consists of two mutually perpendicular and partially overlapped cuboid waveguides, the height of the butterfly structure 11 is approximately 1/4 of the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency, the bottom surface 12 of the butterfly structure is overlapped with the vertical equally-divided surface of the E surface of the input rectangular waveguide 8, and when the butterfly structure is manufactured, the butterfly structure is split along the center line of the E surface, the current on the surface of the waveguide is not cut off, and the polarizer is not leaked.
The phase response of each port of the four-port feed network is shown in fig. 10, and it can be seen from fig. 10 that the phase of the output signal of each port remains the same. Because the E-T power divider network is adopted, the E-T power divider network is split into two parts along the wide edge of the waveguide in actual processing and then combined, so that the section gaps of most areas are all on the E surface, and leakage can be effectively avoided.
The above is only two specific embodiments, and in fact, various existing or future 90 ° polarizers can be used in the technical solution of the present invention, so as to achieve the above technical effects.
The waveguide feed network effectively suppresses leakage, reduces insertion loss of the whole feed network, reduces processing and production difficulties of the feed network, and can effectively improve antenna performance and reduce implementation cost of the whole antenna system when used for the waveguide array antenna.
Claims (5)
1. The waveguide feed network is used for a waveguide array antenna and is characterized by comprising an E-T power divider network formed by cascading a group of rectangular waveguide E-plane T-shaped power dividers, wherein two output ports of each rectangular waveguide E-plane T-shaped power divider of the last stage of the E-T power divider network are respectively connected with a 90-degree polarizer, one is a +90-degree polarizer, and the other is a-90-degree polarizer.
2. The waveguide feed network of claim 1, wherein the 90 ° polarizer comprises an input rectangular waveguide, an output rectangular waveguide, a vertical bisection plane of an E-face of the input rectangular waveguide being coplanar with a vertical bisection plane of an H-face of the output rectangular waveguide; the input rectangular waveguide is connected with the output rectangular waveguide through a step structure and a butterfly structure in sequence; the step structure is used for matching echo; the butterfly structure is used for twisting the polarization direction of electromagnetic waves and consists of two mutually perpendicular cuboid waveguides which are partially overlapped, the height of the butterfly structure is 1/4 of the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency, and the bottom surface of the butterfly structure is overlapped with the perpendicular equally-divided surface of the E surface of the input rectangular waveguide.
3. The waveguide feed network of claim 1 or 2, wherein the rectangular waveguide E-plane T-splitter is formed by a combination of two parts split along the E-plane.
4. The waveguide feed network of claim 3 wherein the rectangular waveguide E-plane T-splitter is formed from a combination of two components split along the E-plane centerline.
5. A waveguide array antenna comprising an antenna radiating element and a waveguide feed network according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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| CN201711367898.6A CN108110436B (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2017-12-18 | Waveguide feed network and waveguide array antenna |
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| CN201711367898.6A CN108110436B (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2017-12-18 | Waveguide feed network and waveguide array antenna |
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| CN108110436B true CN108110436B (en) | 2024-02-06 |
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| CN108899617A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-11-27 | 成都赛康宇通科技有限公司 | A kind of plate inactive phased array feeding network line source |
| CN109449554B (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2024-02-02 | 中国科学院国家天文台 | Novel butterfly oscillator orthomode polarization coupler |
| CN112467396B (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2022-08-26 | 上海航天电子通讯设备研究所 | Novel broadband array antenna |
| CN114583429B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2024-04-16 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Waveguide conversion structure, waveguide feed network and antenna system |
| CN113517571B (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2023-02-14 | 浙江大学 | CTS antenna based on multilayer rectangular waveguide power dividing structure |
| CN113381204B (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2023-01-06 | 北京交通大学 | Novel planar array antenna |
| CN113594653B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2022-03-29 | 江苏贝孚德通讯科技股份有限公司 | Dielectric filter with orthogonal resonant cavity |
| CN114725645A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-08 | 安徽阖煦微波技术有限公司 | High-power waveguide eight-way power divider |
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