CN110859106A - High-yield planting method for blood oranges - Google Patents
High-yield planting method for blood oranges Download PDFInfo
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- CN110859106A CN110859106A CN201911321773.9A CN201911321773A CN110859106A CN 110859106 A CN110859106 A CN 110859106A CN 201911321773 A CN201911321773 A CN 201911321773A CN 110859106 A CN110859106 A CN 110859106A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of fruit planting, in particular to a high-yield planting method of blood oranges. The method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting land and preparing land; (2) opening holes for planting; (3) managing fertilizer and water; (4) preventing plant diseases and insect pests; (5) and (6) shaping and trimming. By adopting the technical scheme, different fertilizers are applied to the blood oranges in different growth periods, so that good conditions are provided for the growth of the blood oranges, and the yield can be improved while the sweetness of the blood oranges is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fruit planting, in particular to a high-yield planting method of blood oranges.
Background
The blood orange is a cultivated variety plant of sweet orange under the rue material citrus, the fruit is spherical, oblate or elliptical, is orange-red, the peel is difficult to peel or is easy to peel, the color of mesocarp is red or dark purple, but immature fruit is not colored, the fruit center is full or semi-full, the fruit pulp is orange-red or purple-red when mature, and the taste is sweet or slightly sour.
During planting of the blood oranges, high requirements are made on factors such as soil, climate, planting holes, fertilizer application and the like, but the yield of the blood oranges is not ideal in the existing planting method of the blood oranges.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a planting method of blood oranges with high yield.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is that the high-yield planting method of the blood orange comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting gentle slope with sunny exposure, convenient traffic, good water source condition and gradient lower than 25 degrees, sandy soil and soil with soil layer thickness of 60-80 cm, loose and fertile soil and PH value of 5.5-7 as garden building land; removing weeds, deeply turning over for 30-40 cm, loosening soil, applying farmyard manure according to 800-1000 kg/mu, applying a soil conditioner into the soil according to 1 kg/mu, deeply turning over for 2-3 times, spreading a layer of quicklime powder, exposing the soil for 1-2 days in the sun, deeply turning over for 1-2 times, and leveling the soil for later use.
(2) Opening holes for planting: planting in autumn or spring, spacing wires, digging planting holes, digging holes with the row spacing of 2.5 multiplied by 3 m-3.5 multiplied by 4m, planting the holes with the height of 70-90 cm and the width of 70-90 cm, ridging and planting: 8 m with grooves, and forming 2 ridges in each box; spreading fertilizer in the planting holes after opening the holes, spreading soil of 1-4 cm, trimming the roots of the seedlings to avoid the roots from being wound together, then righting the seedlings and putting the seedlings in the planting holes, spreading the roots, backfilling the soil, flattening the soil, inserting a windproof rod to fix the seedlings, watering enough water, spreading the fermented poultry fence fertilizer on the soil, covering a layer of thin soil to keep warm and moisturized, making a 1m tree tray around the seedlings, covering the upper side with wheat straw of 0.5-3 cm, watering thoroughly every 3-4 days, 20-40L of each plant each time, and keeping the humidity of the soil at 50-60%.
(3) And (3) fertilizer and water management: fertilizing the top of the branch 5-6 times in the young tree period after planting and before the branch grows out a new bud, applying 100-300 g of nitrogen fertilizer, 20-50 g of phosphate fertilizer and 20-50 g of potassium fertilizer to each tree each time, and topdressing once every 15-20 days; when the seedling plants begin to grow, spraying leaf fertilizer to the liquid surface, wherein 50-100 g of leaf fertilizer is sprayed to each plant every time, 150-350 g of leaf fertilizer is sprayed to the trunk every time, and topdressing is carried out every 10-15 days; in 1-3 years of young trees, 200-400 g of nitrogen fertilizer, 80-200 g of phosphate fertilizer and 200-400 g of potassium fertilizer are applied to a single plant every time, and additional fertilizer is applied once every 10-15 days; the fertilizer is applied 3-4 times per year for adult trees, namely, the germination fertilizer, the fruit retention fertilizer, the fruit strengthening fertilizer and the fruit picking fertilizer.
(4) And (3) pest and disease prevention: selecting mancozeb, copper pinelliate, zineb and chlorothalonil to spray crown before fruit ripening, spraying for about one time (3-4 times) for about 15 days to prevent anthracnose; timely drainage, improvement of light-transmitting and ventilating conditions in the garden and enhancement of control of longicorn and other trunk pests; disease-resistant rootstocks such as hovenia dulcis, orange and the like are selected, and the rootstocks can be grafted and replaced by the disease-resistant rootstocks for plants which are infected with foot rot.
(5) Shaping and trimming: 3-4 main branches are reserved, the main branches are distributed on the trunk in a staggered manner, and 2-3 auxiliary main branches are reserved on each main branch; during the sapling period, after the extension branches of the similar center and the extension branches of each main branch and the auxiliary main branches are selected, the branches are subjected to moderate or even severe truncation, the balance of growth among the main branches is adjusted according to the truncation degree and the direction of the bud of the pruning mouth, and except that the dense branch group is appropriately thinned, the weak branch tips of the middle lower part of the inner bore branch and the crown are generally reserved; in the initial fruiting period, continuously selecting short sections to process each level of backbone extension branches, erasing summer shoots and promoting robust autumn shoots; and in the fruit bearing period, timely retracting fruiting branch groups, flower falling fruiting branch groups and declining branch groups, and cutting light-blocking branches, dead branches and insect-disease branches.
Further, the farmyard soil miscellaneous fertilizer is prepared by mixing crushed fertile soil, mud fertilizer, straws with the water content of 40-60%, crushed fruit tree leaves, crushed fresh pomelo peel, pig manure and crushed slaughter waste in a mass ratio of 50:40:40:30:10:30:20, placing the mixture in nitrogen, and fermenting for 6-8 days at 35-45 ℃ once.
Further, 8 m of compartment with a ditch is opened, the width of the ditch is 60-80 cm, the depth of the ditch is 40-60cm, each compartment is provided with 2 ridges, the width of each ridge is 1.5m, the center distance of each ridge is 4m, and the height of each ridge is 20-30 cm.
Further, in the step (3), the germination fertilizer is 1000-2000 g of nitrogen fertilizer, 500-800 g of phosphate fertilizer, 500-800 g of potassium fertilizer and 2000-4000 g of liquid dung of each plant; the fruit protection fertilizer is 800-1000 g of nitrogenous fertilizer, 500-800 g of phosphate fertilizer, 500-800 g of potash fertilizer and 2000-4000 g of compound fertilizer; the fruit-strengthening fertilizer is 800-1000 g of nitrogen fertilizer, 500-800 g of phosphate fertilizer, 500-800 g of potassium fertilizer and 1000-2000 g of compound fertilizer; the fruit picking fertilizer is 2000-4000 g of organic fertilizer, 1000-2000 g of nitrogen fertilizer, 500-800 g of phosphate fertilizer and 500-800 g of potassium fertilizer.
By adopting the technical scheme, different fertilizers are applied to the blood oranges in different growth periods, so that good conditions are provided for the growth of the blood oranges, and the yield can be improved while the sweetness of the blood oranges is effectively improved.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a high-yield planting method of blood oranges comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting gentle slopes which are sunny, convenient to transport, good in water source condition and lower than 25 degrees in gradient, sandy soil and soil with the soil layer thickness of 60cm, loose and fertile soil and the PH value of 5.5 as garden building lands; removing weeds, deeply turning over for 30cm, loosening soil, applying farmyard soil miscellaneous fertilizer according to 800 kg/mu, applying a soil regulator into the soil according to 1 kg/mu, deeply turning over for 2 times, spreading a layer of quicklime powder, deeply turning over for 1 time after being exposed to the sun for 1 day, and flattening the soil for standby application, wherein the farmyard soil miscellaneous fertilizer is prepared by mixing crushed fertile soil, mud fertilizer, straws with the water content of 40%, crushed fruit tree leaves, crushed fresh pomelo peel, pig manure and crushed slaughter waste according to the mass ratio of 50:40:40:30:10:30:20, placing the mixture in nitrogen, and fermenting for 6 days at 35 ℃ once to obtain the farmyard soil miscellaneous fertilizer.
(2) Opening holes for planting: planting in autumn or spring, spacing the wires, digging planting holes, opening the holes with the density of 2.5 multiplied by 3m row spacing, planting the holes with the height of 70cm and the width of 70cm, ridging and planting: 8 m with grooves, and forming 2 ridges in each box; spreading fertilizer in the planting holes after opening the holes, spreading soil of 1cm, trimming the roots of the seedlings to avoid the roots from being wound together, righting the seedlings, placing the seedlings in the planting holes, spreading the roots, backfilling the soil, flattening the soil, inserting a windproof rod to fix the seedlings, watering the seedlings sufficiently, spreading the fermented poultry fence fertilizer on the soil, covering a layer of thin soil to keep warm and moisturized, making a tree tray of 1m around the seedlings, covering the upper side with wheat straw of 0.5cm, and watering the seedlings thoroughly every 3 days, wherein 20L of each plant is kept, and the humidity of the soil is kept at 50%.
(3) And (3) fertilizer and water management: fertilizing the top end of the branch 5 times in the young tree period after planting and before the branch grows out a new bud, applying 100g of nitrogen fertilizer, 20g of phosphate fertilizer and 20g of potassium fertilizer to each tree each time, and performing topdressing once every 15 days; when the seedling plants begin to grow, spraying leaf fertilizer to the liquid surface, spraying nitrogen fertilizer to the trunk at 50g per plant each time, 150g per plant each time, and topdressing once every 10 days; in 1-3 years of young trees, 200g of nitrogenous fertilizer, 80g of phosphate fertilizer and 200g of potash fertilizer are applied to a single plant every time, and additional fertilizer is applied once every 10 days; fertilizing for 3 times every year for adult trees, namely respectively providing a germination fertilizer, a fruit protection fertilizer, a fruit strengthening fertilizer and a fruit picking fertilizer, wherein the germination fertilizer comprises 1000g of nitrogen fertilizer, 500g of phosphate fertilizer, 500g of potassium fertilizer and 2000g of liquid dung per plant; the fruit protection fertilizer is 800g of nitrogenous fertilizer, 500g of phosphate fertilizer, 500g of potash fertilizer and 2000g of compound fertilizer; the fruit strengthening fertilizer is 800g of nitrogen fertilizer, 500g of phosphate fertilizer, 500g of potassium fertilizer and 1000g of compound fertilizer; the fruit picking fertilizer comprises 2000g of organic fertilizer, 1000g of nitrogenous fertilizer, 500g of phosphate fertilizer and 500g of potash fertilizer.
(4) And (3) pest and disease prevention: selecting mancozeb, copper pinelliate, zineb and chlorothalonil to spray crown before fruit ripening, spraying for about one time (3 times) about 15 days to prevent anthracnose; timely drainage, improvement of light-transmitting and ventilating conditions in the garden and enhancement of control of longicorn and other trunk pests; disease-resistant rootstocks such as hovenia dulcis, orange and the like are selected, and the rootstocks can be grafted and replaced by the disease-resistant rootstocks for plants which are infected with foot rot.
(5) Shaping and trimming: 3 main branches are reserved, the main branches are distributed on the trunk in a staggered manner, and 2 auxiliary main branches are reserved on each main branch; during the sapling period, after the extension branches of the similar center and the extension branches of each main branch and the auxiliary main branches are selected, the branches are subjected to moderate or even severe truncation, the balance of growth among the main branches is adjusted according to the truncation degree and the direction of the bud of the pruning mouth, and except that the dense branch group is appropriately thinned, the weak branch tips of the middle lower part of the inner bore branch and the crown are generally reserved; in the initial fruiting period, continuously selecting short sections to process each level of backbone extension branches, erasing summer shoots and promoting robust autumn shoots; and in the fruit bearing period, timely retracting fruiting branch groups, flower falling fruiting branch groups and declining branch groups, and cutting light-blocking branches, dead branches and insect-disease branches.
Example two:
a high-yield planting method of blood oranges comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting gentle slopes which are sunny, convenient to transport, good in water source condition and lower than 25 degrees in gradient, sandy soil and soil with the soil layer thickness of 70cm, loose and fertile soil and the PH value of 6 as garden building lands; removing weeds, deeply turning over for 35cm, loosening soil, applying farmyard soil miscellaneous fertilizer according to 900 kg/mu, applying a soil regulator into the soil according to 1 kg/mu, deeply turning over for 2 times, spreading a layer of quicklime powder, deeply turning over for 1 time after being exposed to the sun for 1 day, and flattening the soil for standby application, wherein the farmyard soil miscellaneous fertilizer is prepared by mixing crushed fertile soil, mud fertilizer, straws with the water content of 50%, crushed fruit tree leaves, crushed fresh pomelo peel, pig manure and crushed slaughter waste according to the mass ratio of 50:40:40:30:10:30:20, placing the mixture in nitrogen, and fermenting for 7 days at 40 ℃ once to obtain the farmyard soil miscellaneous fertilizer.
(2) Opening holes for planting: planting in autumn or spring, spacing the wires, digging planting holes, opening the holes with the density of 3 multiplied by 4m row spacing, planting the holes with the height of 80cm and the width of 80cm, ridging and planting: 8 m with grooves, and forming 2 ridges in each box; spreading fertilizer in the planting holes after opening the holes, spreading 2cm of soil, trimming the roots of the seedlings to avoid the roots from being wound together, righting the seedlings, placing the seedlings in the planting holes, expanding the roots, backfilling the soil, flattening the soil, inserting a windproof rod to fix the seedlings, watering enough water, spreading the fermented poultry fence fertilizer on the soil, covering a layer of thin soil to keep warm and moisturized, making a 1m tree tray around the seedlings, covering the upper edge of the tree tray with 2cm of wheat straw, and watering thoroughly every 3 days, wherein 30L of each plant is kept, and the humidity of the soil is kept to be 55%.
(3) And (3) fertilizer and water management: fertilizing the top end of the branch 5 times in the young tree period after planting and before the branch grows out a new bud, applying 200g of nitrogen fertilizer, 30g of phosphate fertilizer and 30g of potassium fertilizer to each tree each time, and performing topdressing once every 18 days; when the seedling plants begin to grow, spraying foliar fertilizer to the liquid surface, spraying nitrogen fertilizer to the trunk at 80g per plant each time, and topdressing once every 12 days at 200g per plant each time; in 1-3 years of young trees, 300g of nitrogenous fertilizer, 120g of phosphate fertilizer and 300g of potash fertilizer are applied to a single plant every time, and additional fertilizer is applied once every 12 days; fertilizing for 3 times every year for adult trees, namely respectively providing a germination fertilizer, a fruit protection fertilizer, a fruit strengthening fertilizer and a fruit picking fertilizer, wherein the germination fertilizer comprises 1500g of nitrogen fertilizer, 600g of phosphate fertilizer, 600g of potassium fertilizer and 3000g of liquid dung per plant; the fruit protection fertilizer is 900g of nitrogenous fertilizer, 600g of phosphate fertilizer, 600g of potash fertilizer and 3000g of compound fertilizer; the fruit strengthening fertilizer is 900g of nitrogen fertilizer, 600g of phosphate fertilizer, 600g of potassium fertilizer and 1500g of compound fertilizer; the fruit picking fertilizer comprises 3000g of organic fertilizer, 1500g of nitrogenous fertilizer, 700g of phosphate fertilizer and 700g of potash fertilizer.
(4) And (3) pest and disease prevention: selecting mancozeb, copper pinelliate, zineb and chlorothalonil to spray crown before fruit ripening, spraying for about one time (4 times) about 15 days to prevent anthracnose; timely drainage, improvement of light-transmitting and ventilating conditions in the garden and enhancement of control of longicorn and other trunk pests; disease-resistant rootstocks such as hovenia dulcis, orange and the like are selected, and the rootstocks can be grafted and replaced by the disease-resistant rootstocks for plants which are infected with foot rot.
(5) Shaping and trimming: the main branches are reserved with 4, the main branches are distributed on the trunk in a staggered manner, and each main branch is reserved with 3 auxiliary main branches; during the sapling period, after the extension branches of the similar center and the extension branches of each main branch and the auxiliary main branches are selected, the branches are subjected to moderate or even severe truncation, the balance of growth among the main branches is adjusted according to the truncation degree and the direction of the bud of the pruning mouth, and except that the dense branch group is appropriately thinned, the weak branch tips of the middle lower part of the inner bore branch and the crown are generally reserved; in the initial fruiting period, continuously selecting short sections to process each level of backbone extension branches, erasing summer shoots and promoting robust autumn shoots; and in the fruit bearing period, timely retracting fruiting branch groups, flower falling fruiting branch groups and declining branch groups, and cutting light-blocking branches, dead branches and insect-disease branches.
Example three:
a high-yield planting method of blood oranges comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting gentle slopes which are sunny, convenient to transport, good in water source condition and lower than 25 degrees in gradient, sandy soil and soil with the soil layer thickness of 80cm, loose and fertile soil and the PH value of 7 as garden building lands; removing weeds, deeply turning over for 40cm, loosening soil, applying farmyard soil miscellaneous fertilizer according to 1000 kg/mu, applying a soil regulator into the soil according to 1 kg/mu, deeply turning over for 3 times, spreading a layer of quicklime powder, deeply turning over for 2 times after being exposed to the sun for 2 days, and flattening the soil for standby application, wherein the farmyard soil miscellaneous fertilizer is prepared by mixing crushed fertile soil, mud fertilizer, straws with the water content of 60%, crushed fruit tree leaves, crushed fresh pomelo peel, pig manure and crushed slaughter waste according to the mass ratio of 50:40:40:30:10:30:20, placing the mixture in nitrogen, and fermenting for 8 days at 45 ℃ once to obtain the farmyard soil miscellaneous fertilizer.
(2) Opening holes for planting: planting in autumn or spring, spacing the wires, digging planting holes, opening the holes with the density of 3.5 multiplied by 4m of row spacing, wherein the height of the planting holes is 90cm, the width of the planting holes is 90cm, and ridging and planting: 8 m with grooves, and forming 2 ridges in each box; spreading fertilizer in the planting holes after opening the holes, spreading 4cm of soil, trimming the roots of the seedlings to avoid the roots from being wound together, righting the seedlings, placing the seedlings in the planting holes, spreading the roots, backfilling the soil, flattening the soil, inserting a windproof rod to fix the seedlings, watering enough water, spreading the fermented poultry fence fertilizer on the soil, covering a layer of thin soil to keep warm and moisturized, making a 1m tree tray around the seedlings, covering the upper edge of the tree tray with 3cm of wheat straw, and watering thoroughly every 4 days, wherein 40L of each plant is kept, and the humidity of the soil is kept at 60%.
(3) And (3) fertilizer and water management: in the sapling period after planting and before the branches grow new buds, fertilizing the top ends of the branches 6 times, applying 300g of nitrogen fertilizer, 50g of phosphate fertilizer and 50g of potassium fertilizer to each plant every time, and topdressing once every 20 days; when seedling plants begin to grow tips, spraying foliar fertilizer to the liquid surface, spraying nitrogen fertilizer to the trunk at 100g per plant each time, and topdressing once every 15 days at 350g per plant each time; 400g of nitrogenous fertilizer, 200g of phosphate fertilizer and 400g of potash fertilizer are applied to a single young tree of 1-3 years, and additional fertilizer is applied once every 15 days; fertilizing for 4 times every year for adult trees, namely respectively providing a germination fertilizer, a fruit preservation fertilizer, a fruit strengthening fertilizer and a fruit picking fertilizer, wherein the germination fertilizer comprises 2000g of nitrogen fertilizer, 800g of phosphate fertilizer, 800g of potassium fertilizer and 4000g of liquid dung per plant; the fruit protection fertilizer is 1000g of nitrogenous fertilizer, 800g of phosphate fertilizer, 800g of potash fertilizer and 4000g of compound fertilizer; the fruit strengthening fertilizer comprises 1000g of nitrogen fertilizer, 800g of phosphate fertilizer, 800g of potassium fertilizer and 2000g of compound fertilizer; the fruit picking fertilizer comprises 4000g of organic fertilizer, 2000g of nitrogenous fertilizer, 800g of phosphate fertilizer and 800g of potash fertilizer.
(4) And (3) pest and disease prevention: selecting mancozeb, copper pinelliate, zineb and chlorothalonil to spray crown before fruit ripening, spraying for about one time (4 times) about 15 days to prevent anthracnose; timely drainage, improvement of light-transmitting and ventilating conditions in the garden and enhancement of control of longicorn and other trunk pests; disease-resistant rootstocks such as hovenia dulcis, orange and the like are selected, and the rootstocks can be grafted and replaced by the disease-resistant rootstocks for plants which are infected with foot rot.
(5) Shaping and trimming: the main branches are reserved with 4, the main branches are distributed on the trunk in a staggered manner, and each main branch is reserved with 3 auxiliary main branches; during the sapling period, after the extension branches of the similar center and the extension branches of each main branch and the auxiliary main branches are selected, the branches are subjected to moderate or even severe truncation, the balance of growth among the main branches is adjusted according to the truncation degree and the direction of the bud of the pruning mouth, and except that the dense branch group is appropriately thinned, the weak branch tips of the middle lower part of the inner bore branch and the crown are generally reserved; in the initial fruiting period, continuously selecting short sections to process each level of backbone extension branches, erasing summer shoots and promoting robust autumn shoots; and in the fruit bearing period, timely retracting fruiting branch groups, flower falling fruiting branch groups and declining branch groups, and cutting light-blocking branches, dead branches and insect-disease branches.
The second embodiment is the best embodiment.
When planting, the roots of the seedlings are trimmed, then the seedlings are placed in a planting hole, the roots are unfolded and cannot be wound together, the seedlings are straightened, soil is filled while the seedlings are slowly raised, the roots and the soil are tightly attached together, water is sprayed after the soil is lightly treaded tightly, and straws can be covered around the roots to keep moisture.
In order to meet the requirement of the growth conditions of the blood oranges, the fertilizer is not provided little, the fertilizer suitable for the growth of the blood oranges is preferably applied, other fertilizers are reasonably matched, the fertilizer is applied according to the growth conditions of plants, soil is applied mainly during the fertilizer application, and leaves are sprayed as an auxiliary. The water is easy to watch, water is sprayed when the water is dry, and water is discharged when the water is much.
When the blood oranges are planted, the blood oranges are damaged by a plurality of insects to cause diseases, and the total production amount and the intact number of the blood oranges are influenced. Therefore, precautionary treatment is required, and liquid medicine for killing insects can be sprinkled before fruits are ripe to prevent the fruits from being ripe. Can also be killed by catching insects manually.
The invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and the scope of protection is still within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The high-yield planting method of the blood oranges is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting gentle slope with sunny exposure, convenient traffic, good water source condition and gradient lower than 25 degrees, sandy soil and soil with soil layer thickness of 60-80 cm, loose and fertile soil and PH value of 5.5-7 as garden building land; removing weeds, deeply turning over for 30-40 cm, loosening soil, applying farmyard manure according to 800-1000 kg/mu, applying a soil conditioner into the soil according to 1 kg/mu, deeply turning over for 2-3 times, spreading a layer of quicklime powder, exposing the mixture in the sun for 1-2 days, deeply turning over for 1-2 times, and leveling the soil for later use;
(2) opening holes for planting: planting in autumn or spring, spacing wires, digging planting holes, digging holes with the row spacing of 2.5 multiplied by 3 m-3.5 multiplied by 4m, planting the holes with the height of 70-90 cm and the width of 70-90 cm, ridging and planting: 8 m with grooves, and forming 2 ridges in each box; spreading fertilizer in the planting holes after opening the holes, spreading soil of 1-4 cm, trimming the roots of the seedlings to avoid the roots from being wound together, then righting the seedlings and putting the seedlings in the planting holes, spreading the roots, backfilling the soil, flattening the developed roots, inserting a windproof rod to fix the seedlings, watering the seedlings sufficiently, spreading the fermented poultry fence fertilizer on the soil, covering a layer of thin soil to keep warm and moisturized, making a 1m tree tray around the seedlings, covering the upper side with wheat straw of 0.5-3 cm, and watering the seedlings thoroughly every 3-4 days, wherein 20-40L of each plant is kept each time, and the humidity of the soil is kept at 50-60%;
(3) and (3) fertilizer and water management: fertilizing the top of the branch 5-6 times in the young tree period after planting and before the branch grows out a new bud, applying 100-300 g of nitrogen fertilizer, 20-50 g of phosphate fertilizer and 20-50 g of potassium fertilizer to each tree each time, and topdressing once every 15-20 days; when the seedling plants begin to grow, spraying leaf fertilizer to the liquid surface, wherein 50-100 g of leaf fertilizer is sprayed to each plant every time, 150-350 g of leaf fertilizer is sprayed to the trunk every time, and topdressing is carried out every 10-15 days; in 1-3 years of young trees, 200-400 g of nitrogen fertilizer, 80-200 g of phosphate fertilizer and 200-400 g of potassium fertilizer are applied to a single plant every time, and additional fertilizer is applied once every 10-15 days; fertilizing for 3-4 times per year for adult trees, namely, respectively preparing a germination fertilizer, a fruit retention fertilizer, a fruit strengthening fertilizer and a fruit picking fertilizer;
(4) and (3) pest and disease prevention: selecting mancozeb, copper pinelliate, zineb and chlorothalonil to spray crown before fruit ripening, spraying for about one time (3-4 times) for about 15 days to prevent anthracnose; timely drainage, improvement of light-transmitting and ventilating conditions in the garden and enhancement of control of longicorn and other trunk pests; selecting disease-resistant rootstocks such as trifoliate orange, trifoliate orange and fragrant orange, and grafting the rootstocks to plants infected with foot rot by the disease-resistant rootstocks;
(5) shaping and trimming: 3-4 main branches are reserved, the main branches are distributed on the trunk in a staggered manner, and 2-3 auxiliary main branches are reserved on each main branch; during the sapling period, after the extension branches of the similar center and the extension branches of each main branch and the auxiliary main branches are selected, the branches are subjected to moderate or even severe truncation, the balance of growth among the main branches is adjusted according to the truncation degree and the direction of the bud of the pruning mouth, and except that the dense branch group is appropriately thinned, the weak branch tips of the middle lower part of the inner bore branch and the crown are generally reserved; in the initial fruiting period, continuously selecting short sections to process each level of backbone extension branches, erasing summer shoots and promoting robust autumn shoots; and in the fruit bearing period, timely retracting fruiting branch groups, flower falling fruiting branch groups and declining branch groups, and cutting light-blocking branches, dead branches and insect-disease branches.
2. The high-yield planting method of blood oranges according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the farmyard soil miscellaneous fertilizer is crushed fertile soil, mud fertilizer, straw with the water content of 40-60%, crushed fruit tree leaves, crushed fresh pomelo peel, pig manure and crushed slaughter waste, the crushed fertile soil, the mud fertilizer, the straw, the crushed fruit tree leaves, the crushed fresh pomelo peel, the pig manure and the crushed slaughter waste are mixed according to the mass ratio of 50:40:40:30:10:30:20, the mixture is placed in nitrogen, and the mixture is fermented for 6-8 days at 35-45 ℃ for one time to obtain the farmyard soil miscellaneous fertilizer.
3. The high-yield planting method of blood oranges according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), 8 meters of furrows are opened, the furrow width is 60-80 cm, the furrow depth is 40-60cm, 2 ridges are formed in each furrow, the ridge width is 1.5m, the ridge center distance is 4m, and the ridge height is 20-30 cm.
4. The high-yield planting method of blood oranges according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the germination fertilizer is 1000-2000 g of nitrogen fertilizer, 500-800 g of phosphate fertilizer, 500-800 g of potassium fertilizer, 2000-4000 g of liquid dung per plant; the fruit protection fertilizer is 800-1000 g of nitrogenous fertilizer, 500-800 g of phosphate fertilizer, 500-800 g of potash fertilizer and 2000-4000 g of compound fertilizer; the fruit-strengthening fertilizer is 800-1000 g of nitrogen fertilizer, 500-800 g of phosphate fertilizer, 500-800 g of potassium fertilizer and 1000-2000 g of compound fertilizer; the fruit picking fertilizer is 2000-4000 g of organic fertilizer, 1000-2000 g of nitrogen fertilizer, 500-800 g of phosphate fertilizer and 500-800 g of potassium fertilizer.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105724151A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-07-06 | 余国林 | Blood orange planting method |
| CN105766517A (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2016-07-20 | 重庆市瀚畅捷农业有限公司 | Planting method of red juice oranges |
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