CN110854187B - 半导体装置 - Google Patents

半导体装置 Download PDF

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CN110854187B
CN110854187B CN201811597724.3A CN201811597724A CN110854187B CN 110854187 B CN110854187 B CN 110854187B CN 201811597724 A CN201811597724 A CN 201811597724A CN 110854187 B CN110854187 B CN 110854187B
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electrode
metal
semiconductor
metal region
semiconductor device
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CN110854187A (zh
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谷口智洋
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Toshiba Corp
Toshiba Electronic Devices and Storage Corp
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Abstract

实施方式的半导体元件具备:半导体层和金属电极。上述金属电极设置于上述半导体层上,包含接触上述半导体层的第1金属区域,设置于上述第1金属区域之上的第2金属区域,设置于上述第2金属区域之上的第3金属区域。上述第2金属区域将氧化物的标准生成自由能量比作为上述第1金属区域的主成分的金属元素大的金属元素以为主成分。上述第3金属区域具有,比从上述半导体层朝向上述第2金属区域的第1方向上的上述第1金属区域及上述第2金属区域的总厚度大的上述第1方向的厚度。

Description

半导体装置
本申请基于日本专利申请2018-154586号(申请日:2018年8月21日)主张优先权,引用其全部内容。
技术领域
实施方式涉及半导体装置。
背景技术
控制高电压、大电流的半导体装置具有在2个电极板间配置多个半导体元件并将电极板压接于半导体元件的构成。用于这样的半导体装置的半导体元件为了缓和从电极板施加的压力的集中,优选地具有厚膜的金属电极。
发明内容
实施方式提供具备低电阻的厚膜电极的半导体元件。
实施方式的半导体元件具备半导体层和金属电极。上述金属电极设置于上述半导体层上,包含:第1金属区域,接触上述半导体层;第2金属区域,设置于上述第1金属区域之上;第3金属区域,设置于上述第2金属区域之上。上述第2金属区域以氧化物的标准生成自由能量比作为上述第1金属区域的主成分的金属元素大的金属元素为主成分。上述第3金属区域具有大于从上述半导体层向着上述第2金属区域的第1方向上的、上述第1金属区域及上述第2金属区域的总厚度的上述第1方向的厚度。
附图说明
图1是表示实施方式涉及的半导体元件的示意剖面图。
图2是表示实施方式涉及的半导体装置的示意剖面图。
图3是表示实施方式涉及的半导体元件的制造方法的流程图。
图4中的(a)~(c)是表示实施方式涉及的半导体元件的制造过程的示意剖面图。
图5是表示实施方式涉及的半导体元件的特性的示意剖面图。
具体实施方式
以下,关于实施方式,参照附图进行说明。对附图中的相同部分,附上相同号码而适当地省略其详细的说明,对于不同的部分进行说明。但是,附图是示意或概念的图,各部分的厚度和宽度的关系,部分间的大小的比率等未必限于与现实的构造相同。此外,即使在表示相同部分的情况下,也有由附图表示出的、相互的尺寸或比率不同的情况。
而且,用各图中所示的X轴、Y轴及Z轴对各部分的配置及构成进行说明。X轴、Y轴、Z轴相互正交,各自表示X方向、Y方向、Z方向。此外,也有以Z方向为上方,以其相反方向为下方而进行说明的情况。
图1是表示实施方式涉及的半导体元件(以下,半导体芯片1)的示意剖面图。半导体芯片1例如是IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)。半导体芯片1例如被用作电力控制用的开关元件。
如图1所示,半导体芯片1包含:N型基极层10和设置于N型基极层10的上表面10T一侧的MOS构造20。此外,半导体芯片1包含设置于N型基极层10的下方的P型集电极层40和N型缓冲层45。
N型基极层10例如是N型硅层。MOS构造20包含:P型基极层21、N型发射极层23、栅电极25。栅电极25设置于例如具有从N型发射极层23的上表面至N型基极层10的深度的栅槽中,经由栅绝缘膜而与P型基极层21面对面。
N型缓冲层45设置于N型基极层10和P型集电极层40之间。N型缓冲层45包含比N型基极层10的N型杂质浓度更高浓度的N型杂质。
半导体芯片1还包含:发射极电极30、栅焊盘35、集电极电极50。
发射极电极30设置于N型发射极层23及栅电极25的上方。发射极电极30接触N型发射极层23。此外,发射极电极30经由P型接触层27而连接P型基极层21。P型接触层27例如设置于N型发射极层23中,接触P型基极层21。
栅焊盘35经由层间绝缘膜33而设置于N型基极层10的上方。栅焊盘35通过层间绝缘膜33而与N型基极层10、P型基极层21、N型发射极层23及P型接触层27电绝缘。此外,栅焊盘35以未图示的部分连接栅电极25。
集电极电极50设置于N型基极层10的内面10B的下方。P型集电极层40位于N型缓冲层45和集电极电极50之间,与集电极电极50接触。
集电极电极50包含:第1金属区域50A、第2金属区域50B、第3金属区域50C。第1金属区域50A接触P型集电极层40,沿着P型集电极层40而向X方向及Y方向扩展。第1金属区域50A例如将铝(Al)或钛(Ti)作为主成分而包含。
第2金属区域50B设置于第1金属区域50A和第3金属区域50C之间。第2金属区域50B以氧化物的标准生成自由能量比作为第1金属区域50A的主成分的金属元素大的金属元素为主成分。第2金属区域50B将例如,镁(Mg)、锂(Li)、钙(Ca)、铝(Al)的某一个作为主成分而包含。第2金属区域50B将1400℃以下的温度区域的氧化物的标准生成自由能量比作为第1金属区域50A的主成分的金属元素大的金属元素作为主成分而包含。
第3金属区域50C设置为具有比第1金属区域50A及第2金属区域50B在Z方向上的总厚度更厚的Z方向的厚度。第3金属区域50C例如具有3微米(μm)以上、25μm以下的Z方向的厚度。
第3金属区域50C也可以将与作为第1金属区域50A的主成分的金属元素相同的金属元素作为主成分包含。例如,第1金属区域50A将铝(Al)作为主成分包含,第3金属区域50C也将铝(Al)作为主成分而包含。
此外,第3金属区域50C也可以包含与作为第2金属区域50B的主成分的金属元素相同的金属元素。例如,第1金属区域50A将钛(Ti)作为主成分而包含、第2金属区域50B及第3金属区域50C将铝(Al)作为主成分而包含。例如,第1金属区域50A是钛或钛化合物,第2金属区域50B是铝合金,第3金属区域50C是铝。此外,第2金属区域50B及第3金属区域50C也可以被一体地形成。
图2是表示实施方式涉及的半导体装置100的示意剖面图。电力转换用的逆变器及变换器等装置为了得到规定的耐压而例如构成为将多个半导体装置100叠层。
如图2所示,半导体装置100包含半导体芯片1、第1电极板60、第2电极板70。第1电极板60和第2电极板70之间配置有多个半导体芯片1。多个半导体芯片1并联连接于第1电极板60及第2电极板70。第1电极板60上例如连接有半导体芯片1的集电极电极50。第2电极板70上有半导体芯片1的发射极电极30被连接。
如图2所示,在半导体芯片1和第2电极板70之间,配置有金属间隔物75(金属板)。金属间隔物75连接至半导体芯片1的发射极电极30。此外,金属间隔物75处在半导体芯片1和第2电极板70之间,具有能够确保配置栅布线77的空间的Z方向的厚度。栅布线77连接至半导体芯片1的栅焊盘35(参照图1)。
半导体装置100中,例如具有通过从第2电极板70的上方施加的压力而将半导体芯片1及金属间隔物75压接于第1电极板60及第2电极板70的构成。例如,为了避免半导体芯片1的物理性的破坏(开裂或缺损),集电极电极50例如是在Z方向上具有5μm以上、15μm以下的厚度的柔性(低硬度)金属。即,加压时,集电极电极50变形而能够缓和半导体芯片1和第1电极板60之间局部的压力集中。同样地,接触发射极电极30的金属间隔物75也优选柔性金属材料。
接下来,参照图3、图4中的(a)~(c)及图5,对实施方式涉及的半导体芯片1的制造方法进行说明。图3是表示半导体芯片1的制造方法的流程图。图4中的(a)~(c)是表示半导体芯片1的制造过程的示意剖面图。图5是表示半导体芯片1的特性的示意剖面图。
如图3的步骤S01所示,半导体部例如在半导体晶圆SW(参照图4中的(a))的表面形成MOS构造20。半导体晶圆SW例如是N型硅晶圆。半导体晶圆SW不应限定为是硅晶圆,也可以为碳化硅(SiC)、砷化镓(GaAs)及氮化镓(GaN)等材料。此外,MOS构造,不应限定为图1所示的槽栅型构造,也可以是平面栅型构造。
接下来,形成发射极电极30及栅焊盘35之后,对半导体晶圆SW的内面进行磨削、研磨或刻蚀,使成为规定的厚度(S02)。
而且,在半导体晶圆SW的内面侧,形成P型集电极层40及N型缓冲层45(S03)。P型集电极层40及N型缓冲层45例如通过在半导体晶圆SW的内面将P型杂质及N型杂质离子注入而形成。
接下来,在半导体晶圆SW的内面上形成第1金属层51(S04)。
如图4中的(a)所示,第1金属层51形成于P型集电极层40之上。第1金属层51例如用溅射法而形成。第1金属层51例如是以铝(Al)为主成分的金属层。此外,第1金属层51也可以包含构成半导体晶圆的元素。例如,第1金属层51包含硅(Si)。第1金属层51例如优选地以接触退火时的温度的铝相对于硅的固溶极限,或以其以上的比例而包含硅。
接下来,在第1金属层51之上按顺序形成第2金属层53及第3金属层55(S05)。第2金属层53及第3金属层55例如用蒸镀法来形成。第2金属层53例如是将镁(Mg)作为主成分的金属层。第3金属层例如是将铝(Al)作为主成分的金属层。
如图4中的(b)所示,第1金属层51之上形成第2金属层53。此时,有在第1金属层51的表面形成自然氧化膜57的情况。
例如,作为第1金属层51的主成分的铝被氧化的情况下,在第1金属层51的表面形成作为绝缘膜的氧化铝膜。第2金属层53是以氧化物生成的标准自由能量比铝大的镁为主成分的金属层。因此,开始进行构成第2金属层53的镁的蒸镀,镁附着于第1金属层51的同时自然氧化膜57开始被还原。
如图4中的(c)所示,形成第2金属层53之后,连续地形成第3金属层55。例如,第1金属层51对应图1的第1金属区域50A。第2金属层53也对应第2金属区域50B,第3金属层55对应第3金属区域50C。
例如,在形成第3金属层55的过程中,位于第1金属层51和第2金属层53之间的自然氧化膜57被还原,第1金属层51和第2金属层53之间的电阻降低。由此,能够得到低电阻的集电极电极50。
接下来,通过热处理而形成在半导体晶圆SW(P型集电极层40)和第1金属层51之间的欧姆接触(S06)。
例如,第3金属层55是高纯度的铝层,在不设置第2金属层53的情况下,在热处理的过程中,硅原子从第1金属层51向第3金属层55扩散。其结果,以铝为主成分的第1金属层51中的硅原子的比例降低,半导体晶圆SW和第1金属层51中的铝的合金化反应向前进行。在该过程中,以与第1金属层51的主成分相同的金属为主成分的钉状的突起形成于半导体晶圆SW和第1金属层51的交界面。该凸起,例如有穿透P型集电极层40而到达N型缓冲层45的情况,使半导体芯片1的特性劣化。
如图5所示,通过设置第2金属层53,能够抑制硅原子从第1金属层51向第3金属层55扩散。即,能够维持第1金属层51中的硅原子的比例而抑制半导体晶圆SW和第1金属层51中的铝的合金化反应。由此,能够均匀地形成半导体晶圆SW和第1金属层51的交界面并提升制造产量。
如上所述,本实施方式涉及的半导体元件的制造过程中,用溅射法而形成第1金属层51,之后,用蒸镀法形成第2金属层53及第3金属层55。例如,溅射法能够将具有期望的组成的金属层重现性良好地形成,并能够在半导体晶圆SW和第1金属层51之间形成低电阻的欧姆接触。然而,通过溅射法而形成厚的金属层需要较长时间,从制造效率的观点来看是不现实的。因此,使用适用于形成厚金属层的蒸镀法而形成第2金属层53及第3金属层55。
此外,用蒸镀法而形成的第3金属层55的密度具有比用溅射法形成的、以相同金属元素为主成分的第1金属层51低的金属密度。例如,使用以铝(Al)为主成分的金属层的情况下,用溅射法形成的第1金属层51比用蒸镀法形成的第3金属层55具有高出3%以上的金属密度。金属密度例如用透射X射线来测定。
另一方面,不使第1金属层51及其上的金属层连续地形成,形成第1金属层51之后,在将半导体晶圆SW曝于外部空气的情况下,第1金属层51的表面上形成自然氧化膜57,第1金属层51与形成于该第1金属层51之上的金属层之间的电阻变大。本实施方式中,通过形成以氧化物生成的标准自由能量比作为第1金属层51的主成分的金属元素大的金属元素为主成分的第2金属层53,能够将自然氧化膜57还原,形成低电阻的集电极电极50。
此外,在使用钛(Ti)作为第1金属层51的情况下,形成以铝(Al)为主成分的金属层作为第2金属层53。由此,使形成于第1金属层51的表面的氧化钛还原,能够得到低电阻的集电极电极50。此外,在以钛为主成分的第1金属层51之上,也可以形成以镁(Mg)、锂(Li)、钙(Ca)的某一个为主成分的第2金属层53。
虽然说明了本发明的几个实施方式,但这些实施方式是作为例子而提出的,无意于限定发明的范围。这些新的实施方式,能够以其他的各种方式来实施,在不脱离发明的主旨的范围内,能够进行各种省略、置换、变更。这些实施方式或其变形,包含于发明的范围或要旨的同时,包含于与记载于专利权利要求的发明等同的范围。

Claims (13)

1.一种半导体装置,其中,
具备:
半导体部,包含第1导电型的第1半导体层;
第1电极,与上述半导体部电连接;
第2电极,电连接于上述半导体部,上述半导体部位于上述第1电极和上述第2电极之间;及
控制电极,设置于上述半导体部和上述第1电极之间,经由绝缘膜而与上述半导体部及上述第1电极电绝缘,
上述半导体部包含:第2导电型的第2半导体层,设置于上述第1半导体层和上述第1电极之间;及第1导电型的第3半导体层,选择性地设置于上述第2半导体层和上述第1电极之间,与上述第1电极电连接,
上述第2电极接触上述半导体部,包含第1金属区域、第2金属区域及第3金属区域,上述第1金属区域将第1金属元素作为主成分,上述第2金属区域设置于上述第1金属区域与上述第3金属区域之间,上述第2金属区域将第2金属元素作为主成分,
上述第3金属区域具有比从上述第1电极至上述第2电极的第1方向上的上述第1金属区域及上述第2金属区域的总厚度大的上述第1方向的厚度,
上述第2金属元素的标准生成自由能量大于上述第1金属元素的氧化物。
2.如权利要求1所述的半导体装置,其中,
上述第3金属区域将不同于上述第2金属元素的第3金属元素作为主成分。
3.如权利要求2所述的半导体装置,其中,
上述第1金属元素与上述第3金属元素相同。
4.如权利要求1所述的半导体装置,其中,
上述第1金属元素是铝或钛,
上述第2金属元素是镁、锂或钙的某一个。
5.如权利要求1所述的半导体装置,其中,
上述第1金属元素是钛,
上述第2金属元素是铝。
6.如权利要求1所述的半导体装置,其中,
上述半导体部设置于上述第1半导体层和上述第2电极之间,包含电连接上述第2电极的第2导电型的第4半导体层。
7.如权利要求6所述的半导体装置,其中,
上述半导体部设置于上述第1半导体层和上述第4半导体层之间,还包含:包含比上述第1半导体层的第1导电型杂质更高浓度的第1导电型杂质的第1导电型的第5半导体层。
8.如权利要求1所述的半导体装置,其中,
上述控制电极配置为经由上述绝缘膜与上述第2半导体层的一部分面对面。
9.如权利要求8所述的半导体装置,其中,
上述控制电极配置于设置在上述半导体部的槽的内部。
10.如权利要求1所述的半导体装置,其中,
沿上述半导体部的表面的第2方向配置多个上述控制电极,
上述第1电极在上述多个控制电极之中相邻的2个控制电极之间,电连接上述第3半导体层。
11.如权利要求1所述的半导体装置,其中,
还具备:
第1电极板,电连接上述第1电极;
第2电极板,电连接上述第2电极,上述第1电极、上述第2电极及上述半导体部位于上述第1电极板和上述第2电极板之间;
控制布线,配置于上述第1电极板和上述第2电极板之间,电连接上述控制电极。
12.如权利要求11所述的半导体装置,其中,
还具备配置于上述第1电极板和上述第1电极之间的金属板。
13.如权利要求11所述的半导体装置,其中,
还具备电连接上述控制电极的第3电极,
上述半导体部位于上述第2电极和上述第3电极之间,
上述第3电极配置于与上述第1电极隔开间距的位置,经由层间绝缘膜而与上述半导体部电绝缘,
上述控制布线电连接上述第3电极。
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