CN110845949B - 一种类橘皮结构聚合物涂层及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种类橘皮结构聚合物涂层及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110845949B CN110845949B CN201911126007.7A CN201911126007A CN110845949B CN 110845949 B CN110845949 B CN 110845949B CN 201911126007 A CN201911126007 A CN 201911126007A CN 110845949 B CN110845949 B CN 110845949B
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Abstract
本发明提供一种类橘皮结构聚合物涂层，其包括表皮层、海绵层、液囊；所述表皮层覆于所述海绵层的表面；所述液囊位于所述海绵层中，且所述液囊中填充有油性物质。本发明还提供了所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的制备方法。本发明所述的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层，将与表皮层、海绵层相容性不同的油性物质存储在液囊中，可极大减少油性物质的损耗，保证涂层的持续稳定使用，得到耐用性良好的涂层，涂层可在长期时间内均达到良好的防冰、防污效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于涂层材料技术领域，具体涉及一种类橘皮结构聚合物涂层及其制备方法。
背景技术
生活中常见的柑橘皮是由坚硬的表皮、白色海绵层以及微小的油囊组成，当受到一定的挤压力时，海绵层向外推挤，在表皮形成微小裂纹，喷出具有植物毒性和抗菌性的香料油，免受捕食和细菌感染。2018年Nicholas M等人研究了橘皮复合分层结构受扭曲力时的微喷射现象，启发了药品雾化、桥梁自我诊断等潜在的应用方式。
2014年Wong TS等人受到猪笼草捕食效应的启发，将润滑液体锁定在微纳米结构表面的多孔纹理中，构建了具有低冰粘附力的超润滑表面。但被弱作用力固定的液体层易产生损耗，不利于材料的持续使用。2014年李志宏等人模拟海豚、鲸鱼粘液渗出，以含氟聚丙烯酸酯/有机硅改性的聚氨酯低表面能防污涂料为基材，添加不同种类的硅油，构建了兼具低表面能与防渗性能的新型防污涂料，但硅油等防污成分挥发较快，其耐用性仍然不够理想。2016年Kevin等在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚氨酯、聚苯乙烯、全氟聚醚、聚异丁烯等弹性体中添加非反应性油，通过引入界面滑移来降低涂层表面的冰粘附力，但是，其中添加的非反应性油随着时间推移，防冰性能下降较快。专利CN 106519968 A通过固化交联制成低模量的聚合物弹性网络结构，通过未交联自由链的迁移构造界面润滑层。该类材料制备方法简单，易于操作，但耐用性差、对表面性能提高作用有限，限制了其在防污、防冰等领域的应用。2018年Zhiwei He等人采用失蜡法铸造工艺制备了具有三明治结构的PDMS海绵，通过调节PDMS预聚物和固化剂的重量比，大幅度降低了表面的冰粘附强度，但该制备方法比较复杂，难以作为涂层应用于防冰、防污领域，不适合工业化生产。
发明内容
本发明的解决的技术问题在于现有技术中的防冰、防污涂层的耐用性差、对表面性能提高作用有限、制备方法复杂的问题，进而提供一种耐用性好、对表面性能提高作用优异、制备简单的具有类橘皮结构聚合物涂层。
本发明还提供了所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的制备方法。
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供一种类橘皮结构聚合物涂层，其包括表皮层、海绵层、液囊；所述表皮层覆于所述海绵层的表面；所述液囊位于所述海绵层中，且所述液囊中填充有油性物质。
优选地，所述表皮层与所述海绵层的密度比为1:(0.5-0.9)。
优选地，所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层通过聚合物基体、发泡助剂、油性物质制备而成。需要说明的是，所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的原料至少包括聚合物基体、发泡助剂、油性物质，本领域技术人员还可根据实际情况添加其他原料。
优选地，所述聚合物基体为聚氨酯、硅橡胶、酚醛树脂、聚酰亚胺、环氧树脂中的一种或多种；
所述发泡助剂为发泡剂、表面活性剂中的一种或多种。
进一步优选地，所述聚氨酯为热塑性聚氨酯、热固性聚氨酯中的一种或多种；
所述酚醛树脂为聚氨酯改性酚醛树脂、有机硅改性酚醛树脂中的一种或多种，由此得到的所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层具有较好的弹性。
所述聚酰亚胺由多元芳香酐和多异氰酸酯反应合成。
所述环氧树脂为聚氨酯改性环氧树脂、有机硅改性环氧树脂、丁腈橡胶改性环氧树脂中的一种或多种。
所述发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈、磺酰肼类化合物、亚硝基化合物、二氯甲烷、正戊烷、异戊烷、正丁烷、异丁烷、正己烷、环戊烷、碳酸镁、碳酸钙、碳酸氢钠、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、水、正庚烷、石油醚、三氯氟甲烷、二氯二氟甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷、氯化烃、乙醇中的一种或多种；
所述表面活性剂为硅油、吐温-80、聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐月桂酸酯中的一种或多种。进一步优选地，所述硅油为AK158、AK8811、AK8804、AK8805中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述油性物质为液体石蜡、氯化石蜡、C7-C17正构烷烃、硅油、红花油、鱼肝油、凡士林中的一种或多种。其中，C7-C17正构烷烃是指含7-17个碳原子的正构烷烃。
本发明所述的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将聚合物基体、发泡助剂、油性物质混合均匀，再涂覆于基材表面，固化，即得。
优选地，所述聚合物基体、发泡助剂、油性物质的重量份数如下：
所述聚合物基体80-300重量份；
所述发泡助剂1-70重量份；
所述油性物质10-80重量份。
优选地，所述固化的温度为20～300℃，所述固化的时间为0.5-48h。进一步优选地，所述固化的温度为20～220℃，所述固化的时间为0.5-30h。进一步优选地，所述固化的温度为20～180℃，所述固化的时间为0.5-24h。
优选地，涂覆方式为滴涂、旋涂、喷涂、浸涂中的一种；涂覆的膜层厚度为0.5mm-10mm。进一步优选地，采用滴涂的方式流平成膜，得到的膜层厚度为0.7mm-5mm。
需要说明的是，所述基材的材质并不唯一，包括但不限于铜、铝等金属材料及金属氧化物，玻璃、陶瓷等非金属材料，碳纤维及玻璃纤维等复合材料。本领域技术人员可以根据实际使用情况将本发明所述的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层涂覆于任意材质的表面。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明所述的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层，具有表皮层、海绵层、液囊的结构，该结构在未受力时，液囊中的油性物质在液囊、海绵层、表皮层的多重缓释作用下发生极其缓慢的扩散，而当该结构在受力时，油性物质像橘皮一样加速析出，在作用力的挤压下，油性物质从表皮层渗出。尤其是将与表皮层、海绵层相容性不同的油性物质存储在液囊中，可极大减少油性物质的损耗，保证涂层的持续稳定使用，得到耐用性良好的涂层，涂层可在长期时间内均达到良好的防冰、防污效果。
(2)本发明所述的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的制备方法，通过聚合物基体、发泡助剂、油性物质，仅需原料混合、涂覆、固化即可制得，一步法构建了一体化类橘皮结构聚合物涂层，制备方法简单，易操作，成本低，适合工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的表面形貌的光学照片；
图2为本发明实施例中的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的断面形貌的光学照片。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是，本发明各实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。实施例中注明具体试剂的生产厂家、型号者，也仅为举例，不同厂家、型号的原料并不影响本发明技术方案的实施及技术效果的实现。
本发明的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层，由表皮层、海绵层、液囊组成，所述表皮层覆于所述海绵层的表面；所述液囊位于所述海绵层中，且所述液囊中填充有油性物质。其具体表面和断面结构如图1-2所示。
实施例1
本实施例所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层，通过聚合物基体、发泡助剂、油性物质制备而成。其中，所述聚合物基体为聚氨酯，本实施例中，所述聚氨酯由聚氨酯TDI预聚物与多元醇制备而成。所述发泡助剂为水，本实施例中，为去离子水。所述油性物质为液体石蜡与红花油按照1:1的重量比混合而成。
本实施例所述的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的制备方法具体如下：
将100份聚氨酯TDI预聚物A组分、83份多元醇B组分、2份发泡助剂、28份油性物质混合搅拌均匀后，将其滴涂在洁净的玻璃板上，流平成膜，膜层厚度约0.75mm，于20℃下固化24h，即得。
由上述方法制备得到的所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层中，所述表皮层与所述海绵层的密度比为1:0.77。
需要说明的是，本实施例中选择的玻璃板作为基材涂覆涂层，还可替换为其他任意材质。
所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的工作原理：该涂层结构在未受力时，液囊中的油性物质在液囊、海绵层、表皮层的多重缓释作用下发生极其缓慢的扩散，而当该结构在受力时，油性物质像橘皮一样加速析出，在作用力的挤压下，油性物质从表皮层渗出。
该涂层可用于防冰、防污，当冰或污染物并未附着于所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层表面时，油性物质扩散较少，当冰或污染物附着于所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层表面时，对涂层施加作用力，使油性物质从表皮层渗出，由此表现出较优的防冰和防污性能。
为验证本实施例得到的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的防冰、防污效果，采用如下方法进行测试：
当环境温度为-18℃和环境湿度为50％时，冷冻玻璃板表面的水柱直至冻结完全，测试其防覆冰性能，其冰粘附强度为8kPa，相比聚氨酯的冰粘附强度降低了93％，经70天结除冰循环测试后，冰粘附强度一直稳定在8-15kPa范围内，表现出了优异的耐用性和稳定性。另外，涂层的水接触角为96.7度，获得了低表面能涂层，具有较好的防污效果。
实施例2
本实施例所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层，通过聚合物基体、发泡助剂、油性物质制备而成。其中，所述聚合物基体为环氧树脂，本实施例中，所述环氧树脂为聚氨酯改性环氧树脂，其通过在二丁基锡二月桂酸的催化下，将聚醚多元醇、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯与环氧树脂反应制备而成。所述发泡助剂为水与硅油按照1：2的重量比混合而成，作为本实施例的优选实现方式，所述硅油为AK8882，其作为泡沫稳定剂具有较好的效果。所述油性物质为含12个碳原子的正构烷烃与含14个碳原子的正构烷烃按照1:1的重量比混合而成。
本实施例所述的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的制备方法具体如下：
将100份聚醚多元醇、65份环氧树脂、1.5份二丁基锡二月桂酸、6份发泡助剂、15份油性物质混合搅拌均匀后，再加入50份多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯，混合搅拌均匀后，将其滴涂在洁净的玻璃板上，流平成膜，膜层厚度约7mm，于100℃下固化2h，即得。
由上述方法制备得到的所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层中，所述表皮层与所述海绵层的密度比为1:0.6。
所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的工作原理与实施例1相同。为验证本实施例得到的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的防冰效果，采用如下方法进行测试：
当环境温度为-18℃和环境湿度为50％时，冷冻玻璃基板表面的水柱直至冻结完全，测试其防覆冰性能，其冰粘附强度为28kPa，相比聚氨酯改性环氧树脂的冰粘附强度降低了72％，表现出了优异的防覆冰性能，同时经70天结除冰循环测试后，冰粘附强度一直稳定在22-35kPa范围内，表现出了优异的耐用性和稳定性。
实施例3
本实施例所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层，通过聚合物基体、固化剂、发泡助剂、油性物质制备而成。其中，所述聚合物基体为酚醛树脂，本实施例中，所述酚醛树脂为聚氨酯改性酚醛树脂，通过异氰酸酯、聚氨酯预聚体与酚醛树脂制备而成。所述固化剂为磷酸与苯甲磺酸按照1:2的重量比混合而成。所述发泡助剂为吐温-80、正戊烷的混合物，所述油性物质为红花油。
本实施例所述的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的制备方法具体如下：
在100份酚醛树脂中依次加入10份固化剂、5份吐温-80、3份正戊烷、6份异氰酸酯、质量含量为9％的聚氨酯预聚体、20份红花油，混合搅拌均匀后，将其滴涂在洁净的玻璃板上，流平成膜，膜层厚度约0.5mm，于70℃下固化1h，即得。
由上述方法制备得到的所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层中，所述表皮层与所述海绵层的密度比为1：0.7。
需要说明的是，本实施例中选择的玻璃板作为基材涂覆涂层，还可替换为其他任意材质。
所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的工作原理与实施例1相同。为验证本实施例得到的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的防冰效果，采用如下方法进行测试：
当环境温度为-18℃和环境湿度为50％时，冷冻玻璃基板表面的水柱直至冻结完全，测试其防覆冰性能，其冰粘附强度为68kPa，相比聚氨酯改性酚醛树脂的冰粘附强度降低了78％，表现出了优异的防覆冰性能，同时经70天结除冰循环测试后，冰粘附强度一直稳定在60-77kPa范围内，表现出了优异的耐用性和稳定性。
实施例4
本实施例所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层，通过聚合物基体、发泡助剂、油性物质制备而成。其中，所述聚合物基体为聚酰亚胺，本实施例中，所述聚酰亚胺通过在二乙烯三胺和辛酸亚锡复配的催化剂的催化下，使用苯四酸二酐与苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯反应制备得到，采用的溶剂为DMF、甲醇。所述发泡助剂为水与硅油，作为本实施例的优选实现方式，所述硅油为AK8805泡沫稳定剂。所述油性物质为液体石蜡。
本实施例所述的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的制备方法具体如下：
100份均苯四酸二酐溶于DMF溶剂中，50℃下加入30份甲醇搅拌均匀，2h后加入90份苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，搅拌均匀后加入18份AK8805泡沫稳定剂、13份水、9份二乙烯三胺和辛酸亚锡复配的催化剂、73份苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、15份液体石蜡，混合搅拌均匀后，将其滴涂在洁净的玻璃板上，流平成膜，膜层厚度约0.75mm，于200℃下固化2h，即得。
由上述方法制备得到的所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层中，所述表皮层与所述海绵层的密度比为1:1.3。
为验证本实施例得到的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的防冰效果，采用如下方法进行测试：
当环境温度为-18℃和环境湿度为50％时，冷冻玻璃基板表面的水柱直至冻结完全，测试其防覆冰性能，其冰粘附强度为56kPa，相比聚酰亚胺树脂的冰粘附强度降低了84％，表现出了优异的防覆冰性能，同时经70天结除冰循环测试后，冰粘附强度一直稳定在50-62kPa范围内，表现出了优异的耐用性和稳定性。
实施例5
本实施例所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层，通过聚合物基体、固化剂、发泡助剂、油性物质制备而成。其中，所述聚合物基体为硅橡胶，本实施例中，所述硅橡胶通过硅橡胶预聚体制备得到，所述硅橡胶预聚体购买自Sylgard公司，产品型号为Sylgard 184。所述发泡助剂为碳酸铵。所述油性物质为硅油。
本实施例所述的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的制备方法具体如下：
将100份Sylgard 184硅橡胶预聚体、10份固化剂、2份发泡助剂、22份油性物质混合搅拌均匀后，将其滴涂在洁净的玻璃板上，流平成膜，膜层厚度约0.75mm，于60℃下固化24h，即得。
由上述方法制备得到的所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层中，所述表皮层与所述海绵层的密度比为1:0.9。
为验证本实施例得到的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的防冰、防污效果，采用如下方法进行测试：
当环境温度为-18℃和环境湿度为50％时，冷冻玻璃基板表面的水柱直至冻结完全，测试其防覆冰性能，其冰粘附强度为17kPa，相比硅橡胶的冰粘附强度降低了64％，表现出了优异的防覆冰性能，同时经70天结除冰循环测试后，冰粘附强度一直稳定在15-23kPa范围内，表现出了优异的耐用性和稳定性。另外，涂层的水接触角高达112.2度，获得了低表面能涂层，具有较好的防污效果。
实施例6
本实施例所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层，通过聚合物基体、固化剂、发泡助剂、油性物质制备而成。其中，所述聚合物基体为丁腈橡胶改性环氧树脂。所述固化剂为聚醚胺，所述发泡助剂为碳酸氢钠。所述油性物质为凡士林与氯化石蜡按照1:3的重量比混合而成。
本实施例所述的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的制备方法具体如下：
将150份丁腈橡胶改性环氧树脂、30份聚醚胺、9份发泡助剂、28份油性物质混合搅拌均匀后，将其旋涂在洁净的玻璃板上，膜层厚度约1.2mm，于80℃下固化4h，即得。
由上述方法制备得到的所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层中，所述表皮层与所述海绵层的密度比为1:0.7。
为验证本实施例得到的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的防冰，采用如下方法进行测试：
当环境温度为-18℃和环境湿度为50％时，冷冻玻璃基板表面的水柱直至冻结完全，测试其防覆冰性能，其冰粘附强度为89kPa，相比丁腈橡胶改性环氧树脂的冰粘附强度降低了65％，经70天结除冰循环测试后，冰粘附强度一直稳定在80-102kPa范围内，表现出了优异的耐用性和稳定性。
实施例7
本实施例所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层，通过聚合物基体、固化剂、发泡助剂、油性物质制备而成。其中，所述聚合物基体为有机硅改性酚醛树脂。所述固化剂为间苯二酚与甲酸的低聚物。所述发泡助剂为苯磺酰肼、聚二甲基硅氧烷钠按照3：1的重量比混合而成。所述油性物质为硅油。
本实施例所述的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的制备方法具体如下：
将100份有机硅改性酚醛树脂、7.5份固化剂、9份发泡助剂、28份油性物质混合搅拌均匀后，将其旋涂在洁净的玻璃板上，膜层厚度约5mm，于150℃下固化2h，即得。
由上述方法制备得到的所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层中，所述表皮层与所述海绵层的密度比为1:0.5。
为验证本实施例得到的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的防冰、防污效果，采用如下方法进行测试：
当环境温度为-18℃和环境湿度为50％时，冷冻玻璃基板表面的水柱直至冻结完全，测试其防覆冰性能，其冰粘附强度为87kPa，相比有机硅改性酚醛树脂的冰粘附强度降低了72％，经70天结除冰循环测试后，冰粘附强度一直稳定在80-96kPa范围内，表现出了优异的耐用性和稳定性。另外，涂层的水接触角高达95度，获得了低表面能涂层，具有较好的防污效果。
实施例8
本实施例所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层，通过聚合物基体、固化剂、发泡助剂、油性物质制备而成。其中，所述聚合物基体有机硅改性环氧树脂。所述固化剂为聚酰胺。所述发泡助剂为环戊烷、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐月桂酸酯按照2：1的重量比混合而成。所述油性物质为鱼肝油。
本实施例所述的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的制备方法具体如下：
将200份有机硅改性环氧树脂、120份聚酰胺、9份发泡助剂、28份油性物质混合搅拌均匀后，将其喷涂在洁净的玻璃板上，膜层厚度约3.8mm，于65℃下固化3h，即得。
由上述方法制备得到的所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层中，所述表皮层与所述海绵层的密度比为1:0.5。
为验证本实施例得到的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的防冰效果，采用如下方法进行测试：
当环境温度为-18℃和环境湿度为50％时，冷冻玻璃基板表面的水柱直至冻结完全，测试其防覆冰性能，其冰粘附强度为45kPa，相比于有机硅改性环氧树脂的冰粘附强度降低了55％，表现出了优异的防覆冰性能，同时经70天结除冰循环测试后，冰粘附强度一直稳定在42-57kPa范围内，表现出了优异的耐用性和稳定性。
需要说明的是，作为本实施例可替换的实现方式，所述发泡助剂还可以为偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈、亚硝基化合物、二氯甲烷、异戊烷、正丁烷、异丁烷、正己烷、碳酸镁、碳酸钙、正庚烷、石油醚、三氯氟甲烷、二氯二氟甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷、氯化烃、乙醇中的一种或多种按照任意比例混合而成。
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。
Claims (5)
1.一种类橘皮结构聚合物涂层，其特征在于：包括表皮层、海绵层、液囊；所述表皮层覆于所述海绵层的表面；所述液囊位于所述海绵层中，且所述液囊中填充有油性物质；
所述表皮层与所述海绵层的密度比为1:(0.5-0.9)；
所述类橘皮结构聚合物涂层通过聚合物基体、发泡助剂、油性物质制备而成，其制备方法包括如下步骤：将聚合物基体、发泡助剂、油性物质混合均匀，再涂覆于基材表面，固化，即得；
其中，所述聚合物基体为聚氨酯，所述发泡助剂为水；或者，
所述聚合物基体为环氧树脂，所述发泡助剂为水与硅油的混合物；或者，
所述聚合物基体为酚醛树脂，所述发泡助剂为吐温-80与正戊烷的混合物；或者，
所述聚合物基体为聚酰亚胺，所述发泡助剂为水与硅油的混合物；或者，
所述聚合物基体为硅橡胶，所述发泡助剂为碳酸铵；或者，
所述聚合物基体为丁腈橡胶改性环氧树脂；所述发泡助剂为碳酸氢钠；或者，
所述聚合物基体为有机硅改性酚醛树脂；所述发泡助剂为苯磺酰肼与聚二甲基硅氧烷的混合物；或者，
所述聚合物基体有机硅改性环氧树脂；所述发泡助剂为环戊烷与聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐月桂酸酯的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层，其特征在于：
所述油性物质为液体石蜡、氯化石蜡、C7-C17正构烷烃、硅油、红花油、鱼肝油、凡士林中的一种或多种。
3.一种权利要求1-2中任意一项所述的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
将聚合物基体、发泡助剂、油性物质混合均匀，再涂覆于基材表面，固化，即得。
4.根据权利要求3所述的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，所述聚合物基体、发泡助剂、油性物质的重量份数如下：
所述聚合物基体80-300重量份；
所述发泡助剂1-70重量份；
所述油性物质10-80重量份。
5.根据权利要求4所述的类橘皮结构聚合物涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，所述固化的温度为20-300℃，所述固化的时间为0.5-48h；涂覆方式为滴涂、旋涂、喷涂、浸涂中的一种；涂覆的膜层厚度为0.5mm-10mm。
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