CN113429539A - 一种羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液、超滑表面涂层及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液、超滑表面涂层及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113429539A CN113429539A CN202110600771.4A CN202110600771A CN113429539A CN 113429539 A CN113429539 A CN 113429539A CN 202110600771 A CN202110600771 A CN 202110600771A CN 113429539 A CN113429539 A CN 113429539A
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- hydroxyl polysiloxane
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- polyurethane emulsion
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液、超滑表面涂层及其制备方法,属于高分子材料领域,该超滑表面涂层是基于羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液经旋涂、刮涂、辊涂、喷涂、刷涂或沉积的方式涂装于材料的表面,然后蒸发除水干燥所得。该超滑表面涂层可以响应界面压力作用的大小,实现持续自动地从涂层内部向外分泌二甲基硅油,解决了超滑表面涂层的使用寿命短的问题,且能够用于金属、玻璃、陶瓷、木板、织物、高分子板材等材料表面形成超润滑涂层,以达到除冰、除霜、抗菌、抗生物粘附、自清洁等功能;该超滑表面涂层属于绿色环保涂层,使用过程不释放任何有机溶剂,解决了现有超滑表面涂层中存在易挥发有机溶剂的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料领域,具体涉及到一种羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液、超滑表面涂层及其制备方法。
背景技术
粘附是材料表面间相互作用的过程,在一些场景中,粘附常成为阻碍或破坏生产的原因。例如藤壶、牡蛎、藻类等海洋生物在船体、海洋平台、养殖网箱等上的粘附,加大了船舶航行的阻力、加快了金属的腐蚀以及阻塞了养殖网箱的孔道。又例如在潮湿寒冷的环境中,风力发电机叶片、飞行器机翼、电缆等设备的表面容易形成厚实的冰层,引发安全事故。再例如病毒、霉菌、颗粒物等粘附过程,引发了人类疾病、材料降解、环保等问题。因此,开发具有抗污、超滑、低表面能的涂层具有十分重要的意义。
目前,超滑表面涂层主要存在两个严重限制其应用的问题:一方面,超滑表面涂层在制备过程中以大量的有机试剂作为溶剂,使用的过程中会伴随大量有机溶剂的挥发,危害环境和人体健康;另一方面,超滑表面涂层在外力作用下或使用过程中会出现涂层的损耗,从而导致超滑表面涂层的使用寿命短。
发明内容
针对上述的不足或缺陷,本发明的目的是提供一种羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液、超滑表面涂层及其制备方法,可有效解决现有超滑表面涂层中存在易挥发有机溶剂和使用寿命短的问题。
为达上述目的,本发明采取如下的技术方案:
本发明提供一种羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液,包括以下质量份的组分:二异氰酸酯15~30份、羟基聚硅氧烷20~70份、催化剂0.02~0.3份、亲水扩链剂2~20份、二甲基硅油10~100份、成盐剂2~20份和去离子水100~800份。
进一步地,一种羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液,包括以下质量份的组分:二异氰酸酯20份、羟基聚硅氧烷40份、催化剂0.1份、亲水扩链剂10份、成盐剂10份、二甲基硅油50份和去离子水500份。
进一步地,一种羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液,还包括以下质量份的组分:小分子扩链剂0.1~10份和有机溶剂1~30份。
进一步地,一种羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液,还包括以下质量份的组分:小分子扩链剂5份和有机溶剂5份。
进一步地,二异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯、甲苯-2,6-二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或几种。
进一步地,羟基聚硅氧烷的分子量为300~50000g/mol,优选为1500~2000g/mol。
进一步地,催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、三亚乙基二胺或N,N-二甲基环己胺。
进一步地,亲水扩链剂为2,2-二羟甲基丙酸、二羟基半酯、乙二氨基乙磺酸钠、1,4-丁二醇-2-磺酸钠、N-甲基二乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺和聚乙二醇中的一种或几种。
进一步地,小分子扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、乙二醇、1,6-己二醇、二甘醇、新戊二醇、N,N-二羟基(二异丙醇)苯胺、乙二胺或己二胺。
进一步地,二甲基硅油的分子量为300~50000g/mol,优选为1500~2000g/mol。
进一步地,成盐剂为三乙胺、氨水、氢氧化钠、盐酸、醋酸、环氧氯丙烷、碘甲烷和硫酸二甲酯中的一种或几种。
进一步地,有机溶剂为丙酮、丁酮、甲乙酮、二氧六环、N,N-二甲基酰胺和N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的一种或几种。
进一步地,羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液中羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯的结构式如下所示:
另外,羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯链结构式中两端的曲线代表重复单元的键接键位。
本发明还提供上述羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤(1):将二异氰酸酯、羟基聚硅氧烷和催化剂加入反应容器中,于40~100℃温度下搅拌反应1~6小时,然后加入亲水扩链剂和二甲基硅油,于40~100℃温度下继续搅拌反应1~6小时,得到混合反应体系;
步骤(2):将步骤(1)所得的混合反应体系降温至10~40℃,加入成盐剂并搅拌反应10~60分钟,然后转移反应体系至旋转剪切分散器中,缓慢加入去离子水,于500~4000转/分钟的转速下分散30~180分钟,制得羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液;
或将步骤(1)所得的混合反应体系转移至旋转剪切分散器中,然后缓慢加入预先溶解于去离子水的成盐剂溶液,于500~4000转/分钟的转速下分散30~180分钟,制得羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液。
进一步地,步骤(1)中加入亲水扩链剂时,同时加入小分子扩链剂和有机溶剂。
进一步地,步骤(1)中加入有机溶剂时,将步骤(2)中制得的羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液经减压蒸馏脱除有机溶剂。
本发明还提供一种超滑表面涂层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将上述的羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液经旋涂、刮涂、辊涂、喷涂、刷涂或沉积的方式涂装于材料的表面,然后于10~60℃温度下蒸发除水干燥,得到超滑表面涂层。
进一步地,超滑表面涂层的制备方法中的材料为金属、玻璃、陶瓷、木板、织物或高分子板材。
本发明还提供上述超滑表面涂层的制备方法制备得到的超滑表面涂层。
进一步地,超滑表面涂层从上至下依次为液体二甲基硅油润滑层、羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯涂层和被涂覆润滑材料的基底层,羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯涂层的分散相为聚氨酯硬段微区,羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯涂层的连续相为二甲基硅油溶胀的聚氨酯软段微区。
本发明具有以下优点:
1、本发明提供一种羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液及其制备方法,并以该羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液经旋涂、刮涂、辊涂、喷涂、刷涂或沉积的方式涂装于材料的表面,然后蒸发除水干燥,得到超滑表面涂层;整个制备和使用过程中均不含有机溶剂,大大减少了对环境和人体的危害;即使在羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液制备方法中预聚反应(步骤(1))的过程中为防止反应物粘度过大而凝胶,可能用到少量的有机溶剂来降低反应体系的粘度,但在羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液乳液用于制备超滑表面涂层之前,已通过减压蒸馏的方法除去了步骤(1)中可能引入的有机溶剂。因此,本发明所得的羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液和超滑表面涂层不释放任何有机溶剂,超滑表面涂层属于绿色环保涂层,解决了现有超滑表面涂层中存在易挥发有机溶剂,从而危害环境和人体健康的问题;
2、本发明提供的超滑表面涂层具有自分泌二甲基硅油的功能,包括液体二甲基硅油润滑层、羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯涂层和被涂覆润滑材料的基底层。该超滑表面涂层可以响应界面压力作用的大小,实现持续自动地从涂层内部向外分泌二甲基硅油,延长了超滑表面涂层的使用寿命;
3、本发明提供的超滑表面涂层基于水性聚氨酯链上低表面能Si元素的富集以及液相二甲基硅油的自动外分泌过程,使材料表面呈现超润滑的特性,能够用于金属、玻璃、陶瓷、木板、织物、高分子板材等材料表面形成超润滑涂层,以达到除冰、除霜、抗菌、抗生物粘附、自清洁等功能;
4、本发明提供的超滑表面涂层以聚氨酯高分子材料为成膜成分,涂层具有优异的力学性能、良好的耐化学和环境腐蚀性、好的低温柔顺性、良好的透光性等;
5、本发明提供的超滑表面涂层的的合成设备简单,无需苛刻的工艺条件和复杂的设施设备,且所使用的原材料价格低廉且易得。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制得的超滑表面涂层的结构示意图;
图2为本发明实施例1制得的超滑表面涂层的应力-应变曲线图;
图3为本发明实施例1制得的超滑表面涂层透明性测试结果图;
图4为本发明实施例1和对比例1制得的表面涂层的超滑性能测试结果图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
本实施例1提供一种羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液,包括以下质量份的组分:异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯20份、分子量为2000g/mol的羟基聚硅氧烷40份、二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂0.1份、2,2-二羟甲基丙酸亲水扩链剂10份、分子量为2000g/mol的二甲基硅油50份、三乙胺成盐剂10份和去离子水500份。
上述羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液的制备方法如下:将异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯、羟基聚硅氧烷和催化剂加入反应容器中,于80℃温度下搅拌反应3小时,然后加入亲水扩链剂和二甲基硅油,于70℃温度下继续搅拌反应2小时,得到混合反应体系;然后将混合反应体系降温至30℃,加入成盐剂进行中和反应30分钟,然后转移反应体系至旋转剪切分散器中,缓慢加入去离子水,于1500转/分钟的转速下分散60分钟,制得羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液。
本实施例1还提供一种超滑表面涂层及其制备方法,具体过程为:将上述的羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液经刮涂的方式涂装于铝板的表面,然后于40℃温度下蒸发除水干燥,得到超滑表面涂层,其结构示意图如图1所示。
实施例2
本实施例2提供一种羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液,包括以下质量份的组分:甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯30份、分子量为50000g/mol的羟基聚硅氧烷70份、二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂0.3份、1,4-丁二醇-2-磺酸钠亲水扩链剂10份、分子量为5000g/mol的二甲基硅油50份、1,4-丁二醇小分子扩链剂5份、环氧氯丙烷成盐剂10份、有机溶剂丙酮5份和去离子水800份。
上述羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液的制备方法如下:将二异氰酸酯、羟基聚硅氧烷和催化剂加入反应容器中,于80℃温度下搅拌反应3小时,然后加入亲水扩链剂、二甲基硅油、小分子扩链剂和有机溶剂,于70℃温度下继续搅拌反应2小时,得到混合反应体系;然后将混合反应体系降温至40℃,加入成盐剂进行中和反应60分钟,然后转移反应体系至旋转剪切分散器中,缓慢加入去离子水,于4000转/分钟的转速下分散180分钟,最后在0.1MPa的负压条件下,减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂,制得羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液。
本实施例2还提供一种超滑表面涂层及其制备方法,具体过程为:将上述的羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液经刮涂的方式涂装于玻璃的表面,然后于40℃温度下蒸发除水干燥,得到超滑表面涂层。
实施例3
本实施例3提供一种羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液,包括以下质量份的组分:六亚甲基二异氰酸酯15份、分子量为30000g/mol的羟基聚硅氧烷20份、三亚乙基二胺催化剂0.02份、1,4-丁二醇-2-磺酸钠亲水扩链剂2份、分子量为300g/mol的二甲基硅油10份、乙二胺小分子扩链剂0.1份、环氧氯丙烷成盐剂2份、有机溶剂N,N-二甲基酰胺1份和去离子水100份。
本实施例3提供的羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液制备方法与实施例2相同。
本实施例3还提供一种超滑表面涂层及其制备方法,具体过程为:将上述的羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液经刮涂的方式涂装于铁板的表面,然后于60℃温度下蒸发除水干燥,得到超滑表面涂层。
实施例4
本实施例4提供一种羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液,包括以下质量份的组分:二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯25份、分子量为50000g/mol的羟基聚硅氧烷60份、三亚乙基二胺催化剂0.2份、三乙醇胺亲水扩链剂15份、分子量为2000g/mol的二甲基硅油80份、N,N-二羟基(二异丙醇)苯胺小分子扩链剂0.1份、环氧氯丙烷成盐剂15份、有机溶剂丁酮1份和去离子水300份。
本实施例4提供的羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液制备方法与实施例2的区别仅在于:旋转剪切分散器的转速为3000转/分钟,分散时间为30分钟。
本实施例4还提供一种超滑表面涂层及其制备方法,具体过程为:将上述的羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液经喷涂的方式涂装于陶瓷的表面,然后于10℃温度下蒸发除水干燥,得到超滑表面涂层。
实施例5
本实施例5提供一种羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液,包括以下质量份的组分:甲苯-2,6-二异氰酸酯20份、分子量为5000g/mol的羟基聚硅氧烷40份、三亚乙基二胺催化剂0.1份、聚乙二醇亲水扩链剂10份、分子量为20000g/mol的二甲基硅油50份、三乙胺成盐剂10份和去离子水500份。
上述羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液的制备方法如下:将二异氰酸酯、羟基聚硅氧烷和催化剂加入反应容器中,于40℃温度下搅拌反应6小时,然后加入亲水扩链剂和二甲基硅油,于40℃温度下继续搅拌反应6小时,得到混合反应体系;然后将混合反应体系降温至10℃,加入成盐剂进行中和反应60分钟,然后转移反应体系至旋转剪切分散器中,缓慢加入去离子水,于1500转/分钟的转速下分散60分钟,制得羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液。
本实施例5还提供一种超滑表面涂层及其制备方法,具体过程为:将上述的羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液经刷涂的方式涂装于木板的表面,然后于40℃温度下蒸发除水干燥,得到超滑表面涂层。
实施例6
本实施例6提供一种羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液,包括以下质量份的组分:甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯30份、分子量为1000g/mol的羟基聚硅氧烷70份、三亚乙基二胺催化剂0.3份、1,4-丁二醇-2-磺酸钠亲水扩链剂10份、分子量为50000g/mol的二甲基硅油50份、1,4-丁二醇小分子扩链剂5份、盐酸成盐剂10份、有机溶剂丙酮5份和去离子水800份。
上述羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液的制备方法如下:将二异氰酸酯、羟基聚硅氧烷和催化剂加入反应容器中,于80℃温度下搅拌反应3小时,然后加入亲水扩链剂、二甲基硅油、小分子扩链剂和有机溶剂,于70℃温度下继续搅拌反应2小时,得到混合反应体系;然后将混合反应体系转移至旋转剪切分散器中,然后缓慢加入预先溶解于去离子水的成盐剂溶液,于4000转/分钟的转速下分散180分钟,最后在0.1MPa的负压条件下,减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂,制得羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液。
本实施例6还提供一种超滑表面涂层及其制备方法,具体过程为:将上述的羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液经沉积的方式涂装于高分子板材的表面,然后于40℃温度下蒸发除水干燥,得到超滑表面涂层。
实施例7
本实施例7提供一种羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液,包括以下质量份的组分:甲苯-2,6-二异氰酸酯20份、分子量为500g/mol的羟基聚硅氧烷40份、三亚乙基二胺催化剂0.1份、聚乙二醇亲水扩链剂10份、分子量为2000g/mol的二甲基硅油50份、氢氧化钠成盐剂10份和去离子水700份。
上述羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液的制备方法如下:将二异氰酸酯、羟基聚硅氧烷和催化剂加入反应容器中,于40℃温度下搅拌反应6小时,然后加入亲水扩链剂和二甲基硅油,于40℃温度下继续搅拌反应6小时,得到混合反应体系;然后将混合反应体系降温至10℃,加入成盐剂进行中和反应60分钟,然后转移反应体系至旋转剪切分散器中,缓慢加入去离子水,于1500转/分钟的转速下分散60分钟,制得羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液。
本实施例7还提供一种超滑表面涂层及其制备方法,具体过程为:将上述的羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液经刷涂的方式涂装于织物的表面,然后于40℃温度下蒸发除水干燥,得到超滑表面涂层。
实施例8
本实施例8提供一种羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液,包括以下质量份的组分:甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯30份、分子量为8000g/mol的羟基聚硅氧烷70份、二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂0.3份、1,4-丁二醇-2-磺酸钠亲水扩链剂10份、分子量为8000g/mol的二甲基硅油50份、1,4-丁二醇小分子扩链剂5份、环氧氯丙烷成盐剂10份、有机溶剂丙酮5份和去离子水800份。
上述羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液的制备方法如下:将二异氰酸酯、羟基聚硅氧烷和催化剂加入反应容器中,于100℃温度下搅拌反应1小时,然后加入亲水扩链剂、二甲基硅油、小分子扩链剂和有机溶剂,于100℃温度下继续搅拌反应1小时,得到混合反应体系;然后将混合反应体系降温至40℃,加入成盐剂进行中和反应60分钟,然后转移反应体系至旋转剪切分散器中,缓慢加入去离子水,于2000转/分钟的转速下分散100分钟,最后在0.1MPa的负压条件下,减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂,制得羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液。
本实施例8还提供一种超滑表面涂层及其制备方法,具体过程为:将上述的羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液经辊涂的方式涂装于铜板的表面,然后于60℃温度下蒸发除水干燥,得到超滑表面涂层。
对比例1
本对比例1提供一种羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液及其制备方法,与实施例1的区别仅在于:羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液的组分中未包含有二甲基硅油,其制备方法相同。
本对比例1还提供一种表面涂层,具体包括以下步骤:以上述不含有二甲基硅油组分制备得到的羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液经刮涂的方式涂装于铝板的表面,然后于40℃温度下蒸发除水干燥,得到表面涂层。
实验例1
为了考察本发明的制得的超滑表面涂层的性能,本实施例1将实施例1制得的超滑表面涂层进行拉伸力学性能测试,哑铃样条的长、宽和厚度的尺寸为20mm、4mm和0.5mm,拉伸的速率为100mm/min,每组拉伸测试至少进行5次平行测试,选取最具代表性的应力-应变曲线。测试结果如图2所示,结果表明:弹性模量、拉伸断裂应力和拉伸断裂应变分别为35MPa、31.2MPa和841%。其中,测试仪器为万能拉伸试验机(Instron59436,美国)测试,测试标准为ATSM D 638-2003。
本实施例1还通过紫外-可见光谱(测试仪器:Analytic-jena Specord S600,德国)考察实施例1制得的超滑表面涂层的透明性,将超滑涂层涂覆在石英片上,膜层的厚度为200±20μm,以未涂覆超滑涂层的石英片为参比,测试200~1000nm波长范围内透光率。测试结果如3所示,涂层的厚度为200μm。结果表明:在400-800nm波长内的可见光区,涂层的透明度超过95%。
本实施例1还通过摩擦测试(测试仪器:CSM摩擦磨损试验机,瑞士)考察实施例1和对比例制得的表面涂层的超滑性能,以钢板(摩擦面积:38mm2)作为附件与涂层进行摩擦测试,滑动速度为1cm/s,滚动半径为5mm。动摩擦系数是从50个稳定的滑动摩擦循环中计算的平均值。测试结果如图4所示,结果表明:当涂层中溶胀有二甲基硅油时,实施例1制得的表面涂层的动摩擦系数为0.18,而不含二甲基硅油的对比例1制得的表面涂层的动摩擦系数为0.95。该结果表明本发明提供的基于自分泌二甲基硅油的羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯的超滑表面涂层具有超滑的性能。
综上所述,本发明提供了一种羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液、超滑表面涂层及其制备方法,该超滑表面涂层属于绿色环保涂层,且可以以响应界面压力作用的大小,实现持续自动地从涂层内部向外分泌甲基硅油,延长了超滑表面涂层的使用寿命,可有效解决现有超滑表面涂层中存在易挥发有机溶剂和使用寿命短的问题。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明内容所作的举例和说明,所属本领域的技术人员不经创造性劳动即对所描述的具体实施例做的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代仍属本专利的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液,其特征在于,包括以下质量份的组分:二异氰酸酯15~30份、羟基聚硅氧烷20~70份、催化剂0.02~0.3份、亲水扩链剂2~20份、二甲基硅油10~100份、成盐剂2~20份和去离子水100~800份。
2.如权利要求1所述的羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液,其特征在于,包括以下质量份的组分:二异氰酸酯20份、羟基聚硅氧烷40份、催化剂0.1份、亲水扩链剂10份、成盐剂10份、二甲基硅油50份和去离子水500份。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液,其特征在于,还包括以下质量份的组分:小分子扩链剂0.1~10份和有机溶剂1~30份。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液,其特征在于,所述二异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯、甲苯-2,6-二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或几种,所述羟基聚硅氧烷的分子量为300~50000g/mol,所述催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、三亚乙基二胺或N,N-二甲基环己胺,所述亲水扩链剂为2,2-二羟甲基丙酸、二羟基半酯、乙二氨基乙磺酸钠、1,4-丁二醇-2-磺酸钠、N-甲基二乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺和聚乙二醇中的一种或几种,所述二甲基硅油的分子量为300~50000g/mol,所述成盐剂为三乙胺、氨水、氢氧化钠、盐酸、醋酸、环氧氯丙烷、碘甲烷和硫酸二甲酯中的一种或几种。
5.如权利要求3所述的羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液,其特征在于,所述小分子扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、乙二醇、1,6-己二醇、二甘醇、新戊二醇、N,N-二羟基(二异丙醇)苯胺、乙二胺或己二胺,所述有机溶剂为丙酮、丁酮、甲乙酮、二氧六环、N,N-二甲基酰胺和N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的一种或几种。
7.权利要求1-6任一项所述的羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤(1):将二异氰酸酯、羟基聚硅氧烷和催化剂加入反应容器中,于40~100℃温度下搅拌反应1~6小时,然后加入亲水扩链剂和二甲基硅油,于40~100℃温度下继续搅拌反应1~6小时,得到混合反应体系;
步骤(2):将步骤(1)所得的混合反应体系降温至10~40℃,加入成盐剂并搅拌反应10~60分钟,然后转移反应体系至旋转剪切分散器中,缓慢加入去离子水,于500~4000转/分钟的转速下分散30~180分钟,制得羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液;
或将步骤(1)所得的混合反应体系转移至旋转剪切分散器中,然后缓慢加入预先溶解于去离子水的成盐剂溶液,于500~4000转/分钟的转速下分散30~180分钟,制得羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液。
8.如权利要求7所述的羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中加入亲水扩链剂时,同时加入小分子扩链剂和有机溶剂;步骤(1)中加入有机溶剂时,将步骤(2)中制得的羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液经减压蒸馏脱除有机溶剂。
9.一种超滑表面涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:将权利要求1-6任一项所述的羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯乳液经旋涂、刮涂、辊涂、喷涂、刷涂或沉积的方式涂装于材料的表面,然后于10~60℃温度下蒸发除水干燥,得到超滑表面涂层;其中,所述材料为金属、玻璃、陶瓷、木板、织物或高分子板材。
10.采用权利要求9所述的超滑表面涂层的制备方法制得的超滑表面涂层,其特征在于,所述超滑表面涂层从上至下依次为液体二甲基硅油润滑层、羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯涂层和被涂覆润滑材料的基底层,羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯涂层的分散相为聚氨酯硬段微区,羟基聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯涂层的连续相为二甲基硅油溶胀的聚氨酯软段微区。
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