CN110839490A - Integrated rice-pond planting and breeding system and planting and breeding method - Google Patents

Integrated rice-pond planting and breeding system and planting and breeding method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110839490A
CN110839490A CN201911231254.3A CN201911231254A CN110839490A CN 110839490 A CN110839490 A CN 110839490A CN 201911231254 A CN201911231254 A CN 201911231254A CN 110839490 A CN110839490 A CN 110839490A
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pond
rice
planting
field
rice field
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CN201911231254.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
朱健
李冰
侯诒然
何杰
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Freshwater Fishery Research Center Chinese Academy Of Aquatic Sciences
Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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Freshwater Fishery Research Center Chinese Academy Of Aquatic Sciences
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Priority to CN201911231254.3A priority Critical patent/CN110839490A/en
Publication of CN110839490A publication Critical patent/CN110839490A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • A01G22/22Rice
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/80Feeding devices
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/003Aquaria; Terraria
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated rice-pond planting and breeding system and a planting and breeding method, wherein the system comprises at least one unit, each unit comprises a rice field, a pond and a long-handle rotating wheel feeder, the rice field surrounds the periphery of the pond, an intercommunicated water channel is formed between the rice field and the pond by controlling the water level of the pond, the long-handle rotating wheel feeder is fixed outside the rice field through a base, and the long handle of the long-handle rotating wheel feeder is suspended above the water surface of the pond. The rice-pond planting and breeding system can effectively reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides, effectively reduce the feeding and fish drug, and realize good ecology while performing high-yield and high-efficiency planting and breeding in the pond and the rice field; according to the invention, a common ecological system can be formed by the pond and the rice field according to the requirements of production and ecological functions, and the pond and the rice field can be separately and independently managed, so that rice harvesting and fish lifting are convenient; the system can effectively reduce daily management work tasks; the system can effectively solve the problems of unqualified tail water discharge, fish disease prevalence and difficult dredging of the old mouth pond.

Description

Integrated rice-pond planting and breeding system and planting and breeding method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological agriculture, and relates to a rice-pond composite ecological planting and breeding system and a method, wherein the rice field and a pond can be mutually independent through the integrated construction of the rice field and the pond, and the water level of the pond is controlled to combine the ecology of the rice field and the pond into a whole, so that ecological cycle rice and fish agriculture which is mutually beneficial and efficiently produced is achieved; in particular to an integrated rice-pond planting and breeding system and a planting and breeding method.
Background
At present, the main mode of combining rice planting and fish culture is rice field culture. Under the condition that the rice yield is basically unchanged, the fish culture in the rice field can obtain the fish yield of dozens of jin or hundreds of jin, has obvious economic benefit and makes important contribution to the poverty-deprivation and enrichment-leading of farmers and the realization of ecological agriculture in some areas of China. The fish culture in the rice field generally needs to dig ditches around or in the middle of the rice field to enable the ditches to have partial pond functions, so that the ecological culture function is exerted. The method is characterized in that the cultured fishes are fully considered when the rice is subjected to field management, and vice versa. However, the conflict of fertilization, pesticide spraying and the like can occur in the aspect of production management of fish culture in the rice field, so that the fish yield is not high, namely the significance of rice field culture is lost; meanwhile, the paddy field cultivation technology is difficult to master by farmers, and the yield is usually sacrificed. The fish-farming rice field also brings inconvenience to rice harvesting and planting. The cost and labor investment are increased by part of the rice field fish culture technology, for example, an escape-proof net needs to be arranged in the patent 'a rice field fish culture method' patent No. 201711426808.6, the escape-proof net needs to be patrolled and checked every day, and the daily workload is increased invisibly.
In addition, after the traditional old mouth pond is cultivated and used for several years, a large amount of sludge is deposited, the effective water depth is lower than 1 meter, the water capacity of the pond is reduced, a large amount of germs are bred, fish diseases frequently occur, the tail water of the cultivation with serious eutrophication does not meet the discharge requirement, and the pond sludge becomes a main symptom of the current pond cultivation, and the problems of difficult transportation and no stacking exist in the pond sludge cleaning.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the defects that the rice yield is influenced, the fish yield is not high, the daily management is complicated, and sludge and sewage are bred in pond culture, germs are bred and the treatment is difficult in the current rice-pond culture process are overcome. The invention provides a rice-pond planting and breeding mode organically combining fish breeding and rice planting, an ecological planting and breeding mode for breeding aquatic animals in a pond and planting rice in a field, mutual profit of fish and rice and mutual complementation of ecological positions of the pond and the field is realized, no medicine and fertilizer are applied in the production process, and ecological integrated environment-friendly agriculture with high yield of rice and fish and remarkable ecological benefits is realized.
The technical scheme is as follows: integration rice-pond system of planting, the system includes at least one unit, and every unit includes paddy field, pond and long handle runner feeder, and wherein the paddy field encloses around the pond, through the water level of control pond, forms the intercommunication water route between paddy field and the pond, and long handle runner feeder passes through the base to be fixed outside the paddy field, and the unsettled surface of water that is located the pond of long handle runner feeder is located to the long handle.
Preferably, the rice field is provided with a pond ridge and a field ridge, wherein the field ridge is positioned on one side of the pond, and the pond ridge is positioned on the other side of the pond.
Preferably, the ridge is lower than the ridge.
Preferably, a motor and a gearbox are arranged in the base of the long-handle rotating wheel feeder, and the motor is connected with the gear on the long handle of the long-handle rotating wheel feeder.
Preferably, the long handle of long handle wheel feed thrower is located one side top of base and is equipped with the fodder fill, and the opposite side below that is located the base is equipped with conical surface radiation strip wheel, and the long handle inboard of long handle wheel feed thrower is equipped with long handle pole and gear, and double-purpose chain installs on the gear at long handle pole both ends, and the fold area is fixed on double-purpose chain, and the skin of the long handle of long handle wheel feed thrower is equipped with the shell.
Preferably, the motor is provided with a delay switch, after the power is off, the relay switch is turned off, and the motor continues to rotate, so that the residual feed on the fold belt is completely thrown into the pond.
Preferably, the fold strip is an arc strip which is repeatedly folded in the same width.
Preferably, the conical surface radiation strip wheel is a short conical surface and is provided with at least one radial strip-shaped protrusion, and the protrusions are different in length.
The planting and breeding method of the integrated rice-pond planting and breeding system comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing a rice-paddy, namely draining water in a pond, drying the bottom of the pond, constructing a rice field around the inside of the pond by using soil at the bottom of the pond, constructing a ridge at one side of the rice field close to the pond, wherein the ridge is lower than the ridge, or constructing a pond in the middle area of the rice field, constructing a ridge at one side of the rice field close to the pond, constructing a ridge at the other side of the rice field close to the pond, and installing a long-handle rotary feeder on the ridge;
s2: stocking the fry in a pond;
s3: when transplanting rice seedlings, closing ridges, injecting water into the rice field, and transplanting rice seedlings after leveling;
s4: raising the water level of the pond when weeds grow out after transplanting, forming at least one wide gully around the ridge as a fishway to enable the whole water level to be higher than the rice field, enabling the fishes in the pond to enter the rice field to eat the weeds and aquatic animals, and reducing the water level when the field is dried or fertilized to enable the water level to be lower than the rice field;
s5: after the rice is mature, the water level is reduced to be lower than the rice field, and the rice field is dried;
s6: feeding for at least 1 time by using a long-handle rotating wheel feeder every day;
s7: after rice is harvested, the water level is increased to the water in the full pond, and after the fish in the pond grows for 1-2 months, the net is pulled to harvest the fish.
Has the advantages that: (1) the rice-pond planting and breeding system can effectively reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides, effectively reduce the feeding and fish drug, and realize good ecology while performing high-yield and efficient planting and breeding on pond culture and rice field; (2) according to the invention, a common ecological system can be formed by the pond and the rice field according to the requirements of production and ecological functions, and the pond and the rice field can be separately and independently managed, so that rice harvesting and fish lifting are convenient; (3) the system can effectively reduce daily management work tasks; (4) the system can effectively solve the problems of unqualified tail water discharge, fish disease prevalence and difficult dredging of the old mouth pond.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general schematic of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an integrated rice pool according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the integrated longitudinal section of the rice pool and the feeding device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a long-handle rotary-wheel feeder;
wherein, 1 is the paddy field, 2 is the pond, 3 is the ridge of a pond, 4 is the field slope, 5 is the ridge of a field, 6 is the pond slope, 7 is the surface of water, 8 is long handle runner feeder, 9 is the long handle of long handle runner feeder, 10 is the shell, 11 is the fold area, 12 is the double-purpose chain, 13 is long handle pole, 14 is the fodder fill, 15 is the relay switch, 16 is the gear, 17 is the motor, 18 is the base, 19 is conical surface radiation strip wheel.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the present invention but are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Modifications and substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
Integration rice-pond system of growing, the system includes 9 units, and every unit includes paddy field 1, pond 2 and long handle runner feeder 8, and wherein paddy field 1 encloses around pond 2, through the water level of control pond 2, forms the intercommunication water route between paddy field 1 and the pond 2, and long handle runner feeder 8 passes through the base 18 to be fixed outside paddy field 2, and long handle 9 unsettled the surface of water 7 top that is located pond 2 of long handle runner feeder.
And pond ridges 3 and field ridges 5 are arranged on the rice field 1, wherein the field ridges 5 are positioned on one side of the pond 2, and the pond ridges 3 are positioned on the other side of the pond 2.
The ridge 5 is lower than the pond ridge 3, wherein the pond ridge 3 is 50 centimeters higher than the rice field 1, and the ridge 5 is 20 centimeters higher than the rice field 1.
The inside of a base 18 of the long-handle rotary-wheel feeder 8 is provided with a motor 17 and a gearbox, and the motor 17 is connected with a gear 16 on a long handle 9 of the long-handle rotary-wheel feeder.
The utility model discloses a long handle rotary feeder, including long handle 9, gear 16, double-purpose chain, fold area 11, the long handle 9 of long handle rotary feeder is located one side top of base 18 and is equipped with fodder fill 14, is located the opposite side below of base 18 and is equipped with conical surface radiation strip wheel 19, and long handle 9 inboard of long handle rotary feeder is equipped with long handle pole 13 and gear 16, and the double-purpose chain is installed on the gear at long handle pole 13 both ends, and fold area 11 is fixed on double-purpose chain 12, and the skin of long handle 9 of long handle rotary feeder is equipped with shell 10.
And a delay switch is arranged on the motor 17, after the power is off, the relay switch 15 is turned off, and the motor 17 continues to rotate, so that the residual feed on the fold belt 11 is completely thrown into the pond.
The fold belt 11 is an arc belt which is repeatedly folded in the same width.
The conical surface radiation strip wheel 19 is a short conical surface and is provided with at least one radial strip-shaped protrusion, and the protrusions are different in length.
Example 2
The system of example 1 is applied to rice-pond planting and breeding of rice and fish, and comprises the following specific steps:
draining water in a pond, drying the bottom of the pond, constructing a rice field around the inside of the pond by using soil at the bottom of the pond, constructing a ridge on one side of the rice field close to the pond, wherein the ridge is lower than the pond ridge, and installing a long-handle rotary feeder on the pond ridge;
300 fish seeds of bream are cultured in the pond per mu;
when transplanting rice seedlings, closing ridges, injecting water into the rice field, and transplanting rice seedlings after leveling;
raising the water level of the pond when weeds grow out after transplanting, forming at least one wide gully around the ridge as a fishway to enable the whole water level to be higher than the rice field, enabling the fishes in the pond to enter the rice field to eat the weeds and aquatic animals, and reducing the water level when the field is dried or fertilized to enable the water level to be lower than the rice field;
after the rice is mature, the water level is reduced to be lower than the rice field, and the rice field is dried;
2 times of feeding with a long-handle rotary feeder every day, 8 am earlier and 30 pm later;
after the rice is harvested, the water level is increased to the water in the full pond, and after the fish in the pond grows for 1 month, the net is pulled to collect the fish.
Example 3
The system of example 1 is applied to rice-pond planting and breeding of rice and fish, and comprises the following specific steps:
building a middle region of a rice field into a pond, building a ridge on one side of the rice field close to the pond, building a pond ridge on the other side of the rice field close to the pond, and mounting a long-handle rotary feeder on the pond ridge;
crucian seeds are cultured in the pond, and the culture density is 2000 fish/mu;
when transplanting rice seedlings, closing ridges, injecting water into the rice field, and transplanting rice seedlings after leveling;
raising the water level of the pond when weeds grow out after transplanting, forming at least one wide gully around the ridge as a fishway to enable the whole water level to be higher than the rice field, enabling the fishes in the pond to enter the rice field to eat the weeds and aquatic animals, and reducing the water level when the field is dried or fertilized to enable the water level to be lower than the rice field;
after the rice is mature, the water level is reduced to be lower than the rice field, and the rice field is dried;
2 times of feeding with a long-handle rotary feeder every day, 8 am earlier and 30 pm later;
after the rice is harvested, the water level is increased to the water in the full pond, and after the fish in the pond grows for 2 months, the net is pulled to collect the fish.

Claims (9)

1. Integration rice-pond system of planting and breeding, its characterized in that: the system includes at least one unit, and every unit includes paddy field (1), pond (2) and long handle runner feeder (8), and wherein paddy field (1) encloses around pond (2), through the water level of control pond (2), forms intercommunication water route between paddy field (1) and pond (2), and long handle runner feeder (8) are fixed outside paddy field (2) through base (18), and long handle (9) unsettled surface of water (7) top that are located pond (2) of long handle runner feeder.
2. The integrated rice-pond planting and raising system of claim 1, wherein: and pond ridges (3) and field ridges (5) are arranged on the rice field (1), wherein the field ridges (5) are positioned on one side of the pond (2), and the pond ridges (3) are positioned on the other side of the pond (2).
3. The integrated rice-pond planting and raising system of claim 2, wherein: the ridge (5) is lower than the pond ridge (3).
4. An integrated rice-pond planting and raising system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: a motor (17) and a gearbox are arranged in a base (18) of the long-handle rotary-wheel feeder (8), and the motor (17) is connected with a gear (16) on a long handle (9) of the long-handle rotary-wheel feeder.
5. The integrated rice-pond planting and raising system of claim 4, wherein: the utility model discloses a long handle rotary feeder's long handle (9) are located one side top of base (18) and are equipped with fodder fill (14), the opposite side below that is located base (18) is equipped with conical surface radiation strip wheel (19), long handle rotary feeder's long handle (9) inboard is equipped with long handle pole (13) and gear (16), the double-purpose chain is installed on the gear at long handle pole (13) both ends, fold area (11) are fixed on double-purpose chain (12), the skin of long handle rotary feeder's long handle (9) is equipped with shell (10).
6. The integrated rice-pond planting and raising system of claim 5, wherein: the motor (17) is provided with a delay switch, when the power is off, the relay switch (15) is turned off, and the motor (17) continues to rotate, so that the residual feed on the fold belt (11) is completely thrown into the pond.
7. The integrated rice-pond planting and raising system of claim 6, wherein: the fold belt (11) is an arc belt which is repeatedly folded in the same width.
8. The integrated rice-pond planting and raising system of claim 7, wherein: the conical surface radiation strip wheel (19) is a short conical surface and is provided with at least one radial strip-shaped protrusion, and the protrusions are different in length.
9. A planting method of the integrated rice-pond planting and breeding system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5 to 8, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing a rice-paddy, namely draining water in a pond, drying the bottom of the pond, constructing a rice field around the inside of the pond by using soil at the bottom of the pond, constructing a ridge at one side of the rice field close to the pond, wherein the ridge is lower than the ridge, or constructing a pond in the middle area of the rice field, constructing a ridge at one side of the rice field close to the pond, constructing a ridge at the other side of the rice field close to the pond, and installing a long-handle rotary feeder on the ridge;
s2: stocking the fry in a pond;
s3: when transplanting rice seedlings, closing ridges, injecting water into the rice field, and transplanting rice seedlings after leveling;
s4: raising the water level of the pond when weeds grow out after transplanting, forming at least one wide gully around the ridge as a fishway to enable the whole water level to be higher than the rice field, enabling the fishes in the pond to enter the rice field to eat the weeds and aquatic animals, and reducing the water level when the field is dried or fertilized to enable the water level to be lower than the rice field;
s5: after the rice is mature, the water level is reduced to be lower than the rice field, and the rice field is dried;
s6: feeding for at least 1 time by using a long-handle rotating wheel feeder every day;
s7: after rice is harvested, the water level is increased to the water in the full pond, and after the fish in the pond grows for 1-2 months, the net is pulled to harvest the fish.
CN201911231254.3A 2019-12-05 2019-12-05 Integrated rice-pond planting and breeding system and planting and breeding method Pending CN110839490A (en)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1067581A (en) * 1996-08-23 1998-03-10 Toa Harbor Works Co Ltd Formation of underwater environmental symbiotic type block
JP2002125658A (en) * 2000-10-20 2002-05-08 Yoshiaki Ikuta Method for using fallow paddy field
KR20130070498A (en) * 2011-12-19 2013-06-27 한국건설기술연구원 Eco-artificial fish reef device and farmland for ecological agriculture
CN203633336U (en) * 2013-12-10 2014-06-11 江苏现代渔业装备科技有限公司 Net cage feeder
CN204499090U (en) * 2014-11-21 2015-07-29 天津鸿腾水产科技发展有限公司 Tang Shi rice field, rice loach three dimensional-planting-breeding field
CN106069955A (en) * 2016-07-31 2016-11-09 贵州大学 A kind of field, mountain area rice fish mutualism cultural method and Field structure
CN211322349U (en) * 2019-12-05 2020-08-25 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 Integrated rice-pond planting and breeding system

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1067581A (en) * 1996-08-23 1998-03-10 Toa Harbor Works Co Ltd Formation of underwater environmental symbiotic type block
JP2002125658A (en) * 2000-10-20 2002-05-08 Yoshiaki Ikuta Method for using fallow paddy field
KR20130070498A (en) * 2011-12-19 2013-06-27 한국건설기술연구원 Eco-artificial fish reef device and farmland for ecological agriculture
CN203633336U (en) * 2013-12-10 2014-06-11 江苏现代渔业装备科技有限公司 Net cage feeder
CN204499090U (en) * 2014-11-21 2015-07-29 天津鸿腾水产科技发展有限公司 Tang Shi rice field, rice loach three dimensional-planting-breeding field
CN106069955A (en) * 2016-07-31 2016-11-09 贵州大学 A kind of field, mountain area rice fish mutualism cultural method and Field structure
CN211322349U (en) * 2019-12-05 2020-08-25 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 Integrated rice-pond planting and breeding system

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