CN110821613A - 用于操作排气后处理装置的方法 - Google Patents
用于操作排气后处理装置的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110821613A CN110821613A CN201910738201.4A CN201910738201A CN110821613A CN 110821613 A CN110821613 A CN 110821613A CN 201910738201 A CN201910738201 A CN 201910738201A CN 110821613 A CN110821613 A CN 110821613A
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- aftertreatment device
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 30
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于操作排气后处理装置的方法,公开了用于操作排气后处理装置(10)以清洁混合动力电动车辆(2)的排气流的方法,所述混合动力电动车辆(2)的传动系(4)具有内燃发动机(6)以及第一电机(8a)和第二电机(8b),步骤如下:读取表示混合动力电动车辆(2)的操作模式的值,读取表示排气后处理装置(10)的操作温度的值,将表示排气后处理装置(10)的操作温度的值与阈值进行比较,和如果指示操作模式的值指示电动操作模式并且指示排气后处理装置(10)的操作温度的值位于阈值之下,则启用排气后处理装置(10)的电加热催化转化器(12)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于操作排气后处理装置以清洁混合动力电动车辆的排气流的方法,其中混合动力电动车辆具有包括内燃发动机和电机的传动系。
背景技术
驱动混合动力电动车辆的传动系是指用于驱动混合动力电动车辆的内燃发动机和电机的组合。
混合动力驱动装置可以以许多不同的变型形成。它用于各种汽车制造,以提高效率,减少化石燃料消耗或改善低转速范围内的性能。
排气后处理装置在燃烧气体离开内燃发动机的燃烧室之后通过机械、催化或化学手段清洁燃烧气体,从而能够遵守法定污染物限制。然而,其先决条件是排气后处理装置达到其最低操作温度,低于该最低操作温度,在任何情况下排气后处理装置均提供有限的清洁作用。
越来越严格的污染物排放阈值使得必须使冷起动阶段(在该阶段排气后处理装置尚未达到其操作温度)特别短或者排气后处理装置立即达到其所需的最低操作温度。
US9174625B2公开了一种混合动力电动车辆,其具有包括内燃发动机和电机的传动系以及利用电可加热催化转化器清洁排气流的排气后处理装置。然而,需要有效的使用策略,以便能够有效地使用这种电可加热催化转化器。
因此需要强调如何可以改进混合动力电动车辆的排气后处理以确保遵守法定污染物排放的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的通过一种用于操作排气后处理装置的方法来实现,该排气后处理装置用于清洁混合动力电动车辆的排气流,该混合动力电动车辆的传动系具有内燃发动机以及第一电机和第二电机,其中步骤为:
读取表示混合动力电动车辆的操作模式的值,
读取表示排气后处理装置的操作温度的值,
将表示排气后处理装置的操作温度的值与阈值进行比较,和
如果指示操作模式的值指示电动操作模式并且指示排气后处理装置的操作温度的值低于阈值,则启用排气后处理装置的电加热催化转化器。
换句话说,确定处于当前操作模式的混合动力电动车辆是否电驱动并且同时确定排气后处理装置的温度是否低于其最低操作温度。特别是,由此可以防止由于较长阶段的纯电动驱动而导致的排气后处理装置的温度降至其最低操作温度以下并且因此排气后处理装置不能够清洁排气。只有在达到最低操作温度时才起动内燃发动机。可替换地,也可以提供(特别是在电池中可用的能量太少或者其最小负载状态未达到(undershot)的情况下)在达到最低操作温度之前已经起动内燃发动机,以便内燃发动机额外加热排气后处理装置。因此可以确保遵守法定污染物排放。
根据一个实施例,第一电机驱动内燃发动机,以便使材料流通过电加热催化转化器。在此,停止或中断向内燃发动机的燃料供应,即内燃发动机不提供任何正的扭矩贡献。结果,引起热交换,例如,从内燃发动机到排气后处理装置的热交换。因此,来自内燃发动机的余热可用于使排气后处理装置更快地加热。
根据另一实施例,传动系的内燃发动机和第一电机与混合动力电动车辆的驱动轮解耦。因此没有驱动力矩被传递到驱动轮。换句话说,混合动力电动车辆在排气后处理装置的加热期间滑行。
根据另一实施例,传动系的作为牵引马达的第二电机驱动混合动力电动车辆的驱动轮。因此,纯粹的电动驱动操作是可能的,并且例如第二电机作为牵引马达可以实现加速过程。
根据另一实施例,第一电机以低于内燃发动机的怠速转速的转速驱动内燃发动机。因此,用于驱动电机的能量需求可以被保持较低。
本发明还包括计算机程序产品、控制单元、具有这种控制单元的排气后处理装置和具有这种排气后处理装置的机动车辆。
附图说明
现在将在附图的基础上解释本发明。在附图中:
图1示出了用于执行根据本发明的方法的示例性实施例的机动车辆的内燃发动机和排气后处理装置。
图2示出了图1中所示的排气后处理装置的操作的流程图。
具体实施方式
先参考图1。
图1示出了用于驱动混合动力电动车辆2的传动系4的部件。
术语传动系4指的是为驱动产生动力并将动力传递到道路上的所有部件。
混合动力电动车辆2的传动系4具有作为第一牵引马达的内燃发动机6,在本示例性实施例中,内燃发动机6形成为汽油发动机。与本示例性实施例相反,内燃发动机6也可以形成为柴油发动机。
如果第一电机8a由马达操作,则第一电机8a可以用作第二牵引马达。此外,第一电机8a也可以由发电机操作,以便例如恢复制动能量,然后在过渡时期(interim)将制动能量存储在可充电存储装置内。
如果第二电机8b由马达操作,则第二电机8b可以用作第三牵引马达。此外,第二电机8b也可以由发电机操作,以便例如恢复制动能量,然后在过渡时期将制动能量存储在可充电存储装置内。
内燃发动机6和第一电机8a可以以各种方式操作:并联(内燃发动机6和第一电机8a同时作用在待移动的零件上)、串联(仅一个机器直接作用在待移动零件上,而另一台机器提供动力,该动力被转换并提供给直接作用机器),或作为动力分配混合动力。
根据操作模式和驱动状态,内燃发动机6只能用发电机操作的第一电机8a为电能存储装置充电,并驱动第一电机8a(串联混合动力驱动),或被机械地耦连到驱动轴(并联混合动力驱动)。
第一电机8a和第二电机8b都是电动旋转机器,任一者都具有转子和定子,它们既可以通过马达(如,牵引马达)操作,也可以通过发电机操作。第一电机8a和第二电机8b可以被形成为例如直流电机、交流电机、同步电机、异步电机、无刷电机8a,8b或这些类型的电机的组合。
在本示例性实施例中,用于电能的可再充电存储装置是蓄电池。与本示例性实施例相反,用于电能的可再充电存储装置可以具有电容器。
在本示例性实施例中,传动系4形成为使得第一电机8a在不驱动驱动轮的情况下驱动内燃发动机6,同时第二电机8b驱动该驱动轮。
为此,传动系4可以形成为P0+P2配置、P0+P3配置、P0+P4配置或全混合动力配置。与本示例性实施例相反,传动系4也可以形成为P1+P2配置、P1+P3配置或P1+P4配置和P2+P2配置、P2+P3配置或P2+P4配置。
在P0配置的情况下,电机通过皮带连接到内燃发动机。
在P1配置的情况下,电机直接连接到内燃发动机的曲轴。
在P2配置的情况下,电机集成在内燃发动机和变速器之间;电机与内燃发动机解耦并且具有与内燃发动机相同的转速。
在P3配置的情况下,电机连接到变速器。电机与内燃发动机解耦,并且转速是车轮转速的倍数。
在P4配置的情况下,电机连接到例如混合动力电动车辆的后轴。电机与内燃发动机解耦并且位于后轴驱动或轮毂中。
在P0配置或P1的情况下,电机不能与内燃发动机解耦,而P2配置、P3配置和P4配置允许这样做。
全混合动力系统(其中其电动功率超过20kW/t功率重量比)能够完全由电动马达驱动(包括起动和加速),并且因此代表了串联混合动力系统的基础。
在排气流动方向上布置在内燃发动机6下游的排气后处理装置10可以具有一个或多个催化转化器12,例如用于去除一氧化碳(CO)和碳氢化合物(CmHn)的柴油氧化催化转化器(DOC)和/或用于去除氮氧化物(NOx)的NOx存储催化转化器和/或用于选择性催化还原氮氧化物(NOx)的SCR催化转化器和/或用于氧化一氧化碳(CO)和/或烃(CmHn)和/或氮氧化物(NOx)的三元催化转化器(G-Cat)。与此相反,排气后处理装置10可以具有另外的和/或其他的催化转化器12。
排气后处理装置10的催化转化器12被分配有相应的电加热设备14。这使得可以通过启用电加热设备14来加热相应的催化转化器12,使得它们更快地达到其最低操作温度。换句话说,催化转化器12形成为电催化转化器。
现在将另外参考图2解释传动系4的部件的操作。
在第一步骤S100中,分配给排气后处理装置10的控制单元16读取表示混合动力电动车辆2的操作模式的值和表示排气后处理装置10的操作温度的值。
表示混合动力电动车辆2的操作模式的值表示混合动力电动车辆2在当前操作模式下是否电驱动,因此仅被例如作为牵引马达的第一马达操作的电机8a驱动,或者作为牵引马达的内燃发动机6是否驱动混合动力电动车辆2。
表示排气后处理装置10的操作温度的值可以是排气或相应催化转化器12的温度值。
在进一步的步骤S200中,将表示排气后处理装置10的操作温度的值与阈值进行比较。
在进一步的步骤S300中,如果指示操作模式的值指示电动操作模式并且指示排气后处理装置10的操作温度的值位于阈值之下,则启用排气后处理装置10的电加热催化转化器12。
为了加速排气后处理装置10的电加热催化转化器12的加热,在本示例性实施例中提供了第一电机8a,其驱动内燃发动机6以引起材料流动通过电加热催化转化器。
在此,停止或中断向内燃发动机6的燃料供应,即内燃发动机6不提供任何正的扭矩贡献。结果,引起热交换,例如,由电加热的催化转化器12提供热量的热交换。然后由电加热的催化转化器12提供的热量被由第一电机8a驱动的内燃发动机6产生的空气流分配,并且通过强制对流分配。
该过程可以例如在P0+P2配置中执行、作为P0+P3配置执行、作为P0+P4配置执行。这里,前Px配置(P0配置)涉及第一电机8a,而后Py配置(P2配置、P3配置或P4配置)涉及第二电机8b。如已经提到的,前配置Px还可以涉及P1配置或P2配置。换句话说,传动系4允许以各种配置操作并且允许各种配置之间的变换。
此外在本示例性实施例中还提出,在该阶段期间,传动系4的内燃发动机6和第一电机8a与混合动力电动车辆2的驱动轮解耦。因此,混合动力电机动车辆2可在加热排气后处理装置10期间以节省燃料方式滑行。
可替换地,第二电机8b可以在Py配置(P2配置、P3配置或P4配置)中作为第二牵引马达驱动机动车辆2。换句话说,第一电机8a在不驱动该驱动轮的情况下驱动内燃发动机6,同时第二电机8b驱动该驱动轮。
此外,在本示例性实施例中,第一电机8a以低于内燃发动机6的怠速转速的转速驱动内燃发动机6,从而用于驱动第一电机8a的能量需求可以被保持为低。
在进一步的步骤S400中,当已经达到排气后处理装置10的最低操作温度时,再次停用排气后处理装置10的电加热催化转化器12。
起动内燃发动机6并释放燃料供应,并且例如,通过关闭相应的离合器建立与驱动轮的扭矩传递连接。可替换地,也可以继续电驱动。在起动内燃发动机6之后,其转速等于或大于其怠速转速。
因此,在各种工况下,可以令人惊讶地容易地改进具有混合动力驱动装置的机动车辆的排气后处理。
附图标记列表
2 混合动力电动车辆
4 传动系
6 内燃发动机
8a 第一电机
8b 第二电机
10 排气后处理装置
12 催化转化器
14 加热设备
16 控制单元
S100 步骤
S200 步骤
S400 步骤
S600 步骤
Claims (13)
1.一种用于操作排气后处理装置(10)以清洁混合动力电动车辆(2)的排气流的方法,其中所述混合动力电动车辆的传动系(4)具有内燃发动机(6)以及第一电机(8a)和第二电机(8b),其中步骤如下:
读取表示所述混合动力电动车辆(2)的操作模式的值,
读取表示所述排气后处理装置(10)的操作温度的值,
将表示所述排气后处理装置(10)的操作温度的所述值与阈值进行比较,和
如果指示操作模式的所述值指示电动操作模式并且指示所述排气后处理装置(10)的所述操作温度的所述值位于所述阈值之下,则启用所述排气后处理装置(10)的电加热催化转化器(12)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第一电机(8a)驱动所述内燃发动机(6),以便使材料流通过所述电加热催化转化器(12)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述传动系(4)的所述内燃发动机(6)和所述第一电机(8a)与所述混合动力电动车辆(2)的驱动轮解耦。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述传动系(4)的作为牵引马达的所述第二电机(8b)驱动所述混合动力电动车辆(2)的驱动轮。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其中所述第一电机(8a)以低于所述内燃发动机(6)的怠速转速的转速驱动所述内燃发动机(6)。
6.一种计算机程序产品,其形成用于执行根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法。
7.一种控制单元(16),其用于控制排气后处理装置(10)以清洁机动车辆(2)的排气流,所述机动车辆具有包括内燃发动机(6)以及第一电机(8a)和第二电机(8b)的混合动力驱动装置(4),其中控制单元(16)形成为读取表示所述混合动力电动车辆(2)的操作模式的值,读取表示所述排气后处理装置(10)的操作温度的值,将表示所述排气后处理装置(10)的操作温度的所述值与阈值进行比较,以及如果指示操作模式的所述值指示电动操作模式并且指示所述排气后处理装置(10)的所述操作温度的所述值低于所述阈值,则启用所述排气后处理装置(10)的电加热催化转化器(12)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的控制单元(16),其中所述控制单元(16)形成为以所述第一电机(8a)驱动所述内燃发动机(6)的方式致动所述混合动力驱动装置(4)以便使材料流通过所述电加热催化转化器(12)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的控制单元(16),其中所述控制单元(16)形成为以所述传动系(4)的所述内燃发动机(6)和所述第一电机(8a)与所述混合动力电动车辆(2)的驱动轮解耦的方式致动所述混合动力驱动装置(4)的所述内燃发动机(6)和所述第一电机(8a)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的控制单元(16),其中所述控制单元(16)形成为以所述第二电机(8b)作为牵引马达驱动所述混合动力电动车辆(2)的驱动轮的方式致动所述传动系(4)的所述第二电机(8b)。
11.根据权利要求7至10中任一项所述的控制单元(16),其中所述控制单元(16)形成为通过所述第一电机(8a)以低于所述内燃发动机(6)的怠速转速的转速驱动所述内燃发动机(6)的方式致动所述混合动力驱动装置(4)。
12.一种排气后处理装置(10),其具有如权利要求7至11中任一项所述的控制单元(16)。
13.一种机动车辆(2),其具有如权利要求12所述的排气后处理装置(10)。
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