CN110821475A - Coal mine working face bottom plate drilling resistivity monitoring method and cable pushing device - Google Patents
Coal mine working face bottom plate drilling resistivity monitoring method and cable pushing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110821475A CN110821475A CN201911188745.4A CN201911188745A CN110821475A CN 110821475 A CN110821475 A CN 110821475A CN 201911188745 A CN201911188745 A CN 201911188745A CN 110821475 A CN110821475 A CN 110821475A
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 108091026890 Coding region Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002547 anomalous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/18—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V3/20—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with propagation of electric current
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Abstract
The invention relates to a resistivity monitoring method and a cable pushing device, belongs to the technical field of geophysical exploration, and particularly relates to a coal mine working face bottom plate drilling resistivity monitoring method and a cable pushing device based on pseudorandom coding. After the high-density cables in the holes are pushed into the grouting modified drill holes of the coal mine base plate, grouting and plugging the grouting modified drill holes of the base plate; and connecting the high-density cable in the hole into the underground resistivity monitoring control substation, and performing perspective exploration among the resistivity holes by using the bottom plate grouting transformation drill hole. Therefore, the invention provides a coal mine working face bottom plate drilling resistivity monitoring technology aiming at the current technical situation, and provides a powerful guarantee for monitoring the lagging water inrush caused by the rock breakage of the goaf bottom plate in real time in the working face mining process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a resistivity monitoring method and a cable pushing device, belongs to the technical field of geophysical exploration, and particularly relates to a coal mine working face bottom plate drilling resistivity monitoring method and a cable pushing device based on pseudorandom coding.
Background
After the coal mine working face is formed, the hidden danger of water-rich of the bottom plate is indispensably explored, and the water-rich of the bottom plate of the existing working face is mainly explored in a roadway by an audio frequency electric method, so that the detection work is one-time. In the working face stoping process, due to the fact that the top and bottom rock strata are released due to the loss of the coal seam, a top plate 'upper three zones' and a bottom plate 'lower three zones' are formed, and for the coal seam taking limestone as a direct bottom plate, the stress release of the bottom plate brings great potential safety hazards, and a bottom plate hidden structure or a water guide channel of a goaf is activated to form lag water bursting.
Because the goaf is already collapsed, the stress distribution condition and the rock deformation condition of the goaf cannot be continuously monitored after the coal seam is stoped, the delay water inrush cannot be monitored and early-warned, and a goaf monitoring method which is not subject to roof fracture and has a closed top plate and a closed bottom plate must be considered. And the bottom plate grouting is utilized to reconstruct the drilled hole to become an effective means for monitoring the lagging water inrush of the goaf. As shown in the attached figure 1, in coal mining, if unnecessary, deep and long drilling holes can not be constructed on the bottom plate of the working face, the significance of the deep and long drilling holes of the bottom plate lies in grouting and reinforcing the bottom plate, and the bottom plate monitoring is necessary only when the reinforced bottom plate is needed. In a conventional monitoring means, a transmitted current waveform is a square wave waveform or a harmonic wave waveform, and the anti-interference capability of a system is relatively poor. The underground coal mine equipment is in explosion-proof safety consideration, the transmitting current is small, in order to increase the anti-interference capacity, the transmitting current waveform is modulated by adopting a pseudorandom coding sequence, and the receiving signal waveform and the transmitting current waveform are used for carrying out correlation noise interference removal.
In the process of inverting a three-dimensional resistivity structure by two-dimensional monitoring data, a non-uniform grid is generally used for subdividing an area to be inverted,
disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problems in the prior art, and provides a coal mine working face bottom plate drilling resistivity monitoring method and a cable pushing device based on pseudorandom coding.
The technical problem of the invention is mainly solved by the following technical scheme:
a method for monitoring the drilling resistivity of a bottom plate of a coal mine working face comprises the following steps:
after the high-density cables in the holes are pushed into the grouting modified drill holes of the coal mine base plate, grouting and plugging the grouting modified drill holes of the base plate;
and connecting the high-density cable in the hole into the underground resistivity monitoring control substation, and performing perspective exploration among the resistivity holes by using the bottom plate grouting transformation drill hole.
Preferably, in the method for monitoring the resistivity of the drilling hole in the baseplate of the coal mine working face, perspective exploration is performed among resistivity holes in the horizontal section of the grouting transformation drilling hole in the baseplate.
Preferably, the resistivity monitoring method for the coal mine working face bottom plate drill hole adopts a hydraulic conveying mode to push the high-density cable in the hole into the coal mine bottom plate grouting transformation drill hole.
Preferably, in the method for monitoring the resistivity of the floor drill hole of the coal mine working face, perspective exploration is performed between the resistivity holes in at least two coal mine floor grouting transformation drill holes, the power supply electrode a is placed in one of the coal mine floor grouting transformation drill holes, and the two receiving electrodes matched with the power supply electrode a are placed in the other coal mine floor grouting transformation drill hole.
Preferably, in the method for monitoring resistivity of the coal mine working face bottom plate borehole, a high-density cable is pushed into the coal mine bottom plate grouting transformation borehole by using a high-density cable pushing device, and the high-density cable pushing device includes: the wire line coring drill rod, its the place ahead is provided with coring bit, and its inside is provided with linkage, the hydraulic conveyor is connected gradually to linkage rear end, hydraulic conveyor passes through the high density cable in the fixed nipple joint connecting hole.
A method for monitoring the drilling resistivity of a bottom plate of a coal mine working face comprises the following steps:
step 3, fixing special water at the tail end of the coring drill rod, conveying a pressure high-pressure water column at an opening beside the drill rod, moving a hydraulic conveyor forwards under the pressure of the high-pressure water column, and continuously moving a high-density cable in a traction hole towards the bottom of the hole;
step 4, moving the device to be hung to the bottom of the hole of the drilled hole, withdrawing the coring drill rod, and paving the high-density cable in the hole in the drilled hole;
and 5, connecting the high-density cable in the hole to a monitoring host, under the control of the monitoring host, supplying a set pseudo-random coding sequence current waveform to a power supply electrode on the transmitting cable, synchronously acquiring a voltage waveform between adjacent electrodes on the receiving cable by a receiver, and calculating the stable potential difference of the adjacent receiving electrodes on the receiving cable by a cross-correlation algorithm.
Preferably, according to the method for monitoring the resistivity of the drilling hole in the bottom plate of the coal mine working face, the hanging device is provided with the barb structure, so that the hanging device can only move in one direction.
A high density cable pusher for coal mine floor slip casting reconstruction drilling, comprising: the wire rope coring drill rod, wire rope coring drill rod the place ahead is provided with coring bit, and its inside is provided with linkage, the hydraulic conveyor is connected gradually to the linkage rear end, hydraulic conveyor passes through the high density cable in the fixed nipple joint connecting hole.
Therefore, the invention provides a coal mine working face bottom plate drilling resistivity monitoring technology aiming at the current technical situation, and provides a powerful guarantee for monitoring the lagging water inrush caused by the rock breakage of the goaf bottom plate in real time in the working face mining process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the space form of a bottom plate grouting drill hole of a coal mine working face
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of hydraulic pushing of high-density cables in a hole
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of power supply and reception for monitoring resistivity of a substrate
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a global baseplate borehole resistivity monitoring system
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the relationship between the location of a landing post and a borehole for an example of detection
Fig. 6 shows the detection results at different moments, and whether the water inrush precursor exists is deduced through the change of the resistivity of the bottom plate in time.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an inversion subdivision grid, in which the grid is gradually enlarged in the radial direction of the borehole, and the same resolution is maintained in the drilling direction of the borehole.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Example (b):
the method for detecting the water-rich property of the bottom plate of the working face in the coal mine roadway is a mature technology, but the detection result is disposable and continuous construction cannot be carried out in the mining process. The invention comprises the following aspects:
1. medium-high density cable pushing technology in deep and long drilling holes
In vertical drilling, the arrangement of high-density cables in holes is simple, the high-density cables can be completed by means of the self gravity of the cables, at a horizontal/near-horizontal hole section, the cables need to be pushed by external force, a bottom plate drilling schematic diagram is shown in fig. 1, and the high-pressure hydraulic pushing mode is adopted for pushing the cables to the bottoms of the holes in the embodiment.
2. Dynamic monitoring technology for resistivity between holes
After the high-density cable is arranged, real-time dynamic monitoring can be carried out in the mining process of the working face, a three-pole power supply mode is adopted, namely 1 power supply electrode A and two receiving electrodes M, N, the power supply electrodes and the receiving electrodes are respectively located in different drill holes, the power supply electrodes adopt a rolling power supply mode, a power supply point electrode and the receiving electrodes are connected in a line as shown in fig. 2, and after data acquisition is completed, the data is transmitted to a ground monitoring host through an underground optical fiber ring network to be automatically processed in real time, so that the whole-course tracking of the mining process is completed.
The present embodiment will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic diagram of a model for grouting a bottom plate, a grouting drill hole is divided into a deflecting section and a horizontal section, and monitoring in the hole is performed in the horizontal section of the drill hole. Wherein, the deflecting section also can be utilized, but because the horizontal segment is more steady, the drilling space form is more stable, and data processing explains more conveniently, consequently utilizes the horizontal segment to monitor in the hole in this embodiment emphatically.
In the embodiment, the existing coal mine bottom plate is used for grouting and reconstructing a drill hole, a hydraulic conveying mode is adopted to push high-density cables in two holes into the drill hole, after the cables are pushed to the bottom of the hole, grouting and plugging are carried out on the drill hole, the two conveyed cables are connected into an underground resistivity monitoring control substation, perspective exploration among resistivity holes is carried out in the stoping stage of a working face, monitoring data are transmitted to a ground host computer in real time through an underground looped network, the crushing condition of the bottom plate below the working face is analyzed through perspective data processing, and an early warning means is provided for water inrush after the goaf of the coal mine working face lags.
The method for monitoring the borehole in real time mainly comprises the following steps:
1) after the directional drilling grouting transformation project is completed, all drill rods are withdrawn, and the inner flat special coring drill rod with the outer diameter of 73mm and the inner diameter of 55mm is replaced;
2) according to the sequence, a hole bottom suspension device, a hydraulic conveyor, a fixed short section and a high-density cable in a hole are fixedly connected in sequence and are conveyed into a coring drill rod;
3) fixing special water at the tail end of a coring drill rod, conveying a high-pressure water column with the pressure not exceeding 6MPa at an opening beside the drill rod, moving a hydraulic conveyor forwards under the pressure of the high-pressure water column, and continuously moving a high-density cable in a traction hole towards the bottom of the hole;
4) when the suspension device moves to the bottom of a drilling hole and the coring drill rod is withdrawn, the suspension device, the hydraulic conveyor and the fixed short section are fixed at the bottom of the hole due to the unidirectional movement of the suspension device, and after the drill rod is completely withdrawn, high-density large lines in the hole are paved in the drilling hole;
5) the method comprises the steps of connecting a high-density cable in a hole to a monitoring host, supplying a set pseudo-random coding sequence current waveform to a power supply electrode on a transmitting cable under the control of the monitoring host, synchronously acquiring a voltage waveform between adjacent electrodes on a receiving cable by a receiver, and calculating the stable potential difference of the adjacent receiving electrodes on the receiving cable through a cross-correlation algorithm.
6) And (4) carrying out non-uniform mesh generation on the region to be inverted. For three-dimensional inversion, the grid scale of the region far away from power supply/receiving is properly enlarged to ensure the stability of the inversion process. In order to ensure that the influence of each grid on the received data is basically the same, the cross section size of the grid at any position of the distance drill hole is calculated according to a full-space abnormal potential formula of the spherical abnormal body. In a uniform space, the potential formula of the sphere under the condition of power supply of the point electrode is as follows:
ρ1,ρ2background and anomalous sphere resistivities, d, r, respectively0The distance R is the distance between two drilled holes, each divided triangular prism body is subjected to volume equivalence (the influence of the triangular prism body is equivalent to a sphere with the same volume), and the abnormal potential calculation value of each triangular prism body is enabled to be equivalentAnd basically consistent, thereby determining the optimal mesh generation scheme. The inverse subdivision scheme is shown in figure 7.
7) And detecting the mining process of the whole working face in real time, analyzing and processing the acquired data, and performing inversion to obtain the resistivity distribution condition of the area around the drill hole. And comparing the detection results at different moments to obtain the resistivity change condition of the working face under mining disturbance, and indirectly giving early warning on the water situation hidden danger.
FIG. 1 shows the relative position relationship between the bottom grouting drill holes and the coal seam, the top plate and the bottom plate, and the two grouting directional drill holes are distributed on the depth of 40-60m of the coal seam bottom plate in a parallel state after gradually entering a horizontal section.
Figure 2 shows a graph of the relationship between the emission and reception of the electrodes in the hole. After the high density cable arrangement finished, can carry out real-time dynamic monitoring at the working face mining in-process, adopt tripolar power supply mode, 1 power supply electrode A and two receiving electrode M, N promptly, power supply electrode and receiving electrode are arranged in the drilling of difference respectively, and the power supply electrode adopts the roll power supply mode. The distance between the cable electrodes in the hole can be adjusted according to the hole depth, generally 10m, when each power supply electrode supplies power, 10-20 electrodes in another drill hole measure the potential difference, and rolling measurement is carried out. And after the data acquisition is finished, the data is transmitted to a ground monitoring host by an underground optical fiber ring network to be automatically processed in real time, and the whole-course tracking of the mining process is finished.
The high density cable pushing device in the hole is described below with reference to fig. 3. The method comprises the following steps: the wire line coring drill rod is provided with a coring bit in front of the wire line coring drill rod, a suspension device is arranged in the wire line coring drill rod, and the rear end of the wire line coring drill rod is sequentially connected with a hydraulic conveyor, a fixed short section and a cable. Wherein, the hanging device is provided with a barb structure, so that the hanging device can only move in one direction. In the embodiment, the high-density cable in the hole is laid in the drill hole under the traction of the suspension device and the hydraulic conveyor, and the suspension device is fixed at the bottom of the hole after the drill rod is withdrawn.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the whole monitoring system according to this embodiment, which includes four parts, namely, a cable in a hole, a monitoring host, a downhole ring network, and a ground server, and transmits downhole collected data to a ground processing station in real time through a network to monitor the whole mining process. Monitoring data are stored in the underground monitoring host, the monitoring host transmits data to the underground industrial ring network through the underground optical network switch, and then transmits the data to the ground server through the core switch, so that the data are dynamically processed, and the resistivity dynamic change of the bottom plate is monitored in real time.
The resistivity monitoring technology is already applied to ground vertical drilling, related experimental reports are also provided for monitoring in a roadway, and the resistivity monitoring technology in the embodiment is different from the resistivity monitoring technology in the prior art in the following ways:
firstly, the construction environment has great change, the ground vertical drilling monitoring cable can be laid through self gravity, the drilling used in the patent is underground horizontal drilling completed by a directional drilling machine, the drilling machine and a hydraulic conveying device are required to be matched, the working condition environment has great difference, and the construction difficulty is greatly increased
Secondly, for the detection of the lagging water burst of the goaf, no good method exists at present, after the coal seam is mined, the top and the bottom of the coal seam are crushed, collapse is carried out to fill the original space, a monitoring device arranged in a roadway can be damaged immediately, only in a bottom plate drilling hole, a monitoring cable can be stored, and the possibility of monitoring the lagging water burst of the goaf exists.
The effects of this embodiment will be further described with reference to fig. 5 to 6.
Fig. 5-6 show the results of the in-hole monitoring mode test according to this embodiment, where the depth of the drilled hole is 120m, the distance between two holes is 40m, the distance between electrodes in the hole is 10m, a collapse column with a long axis of 60m and a short axis of 45m is present between two holes, the monitoring technology is used to perform uninterrupted monitoring for one month, the drilled hole and the collapse column are shown in fig. 5, the monitoring results in different periods are shown in fig. 6, the results in different periods are compared, the inter-hole resistivity change can be judged, and whether a water inrush potential hazard occurs can be indirectly inferred.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for monitoring the drilling resistivity of a bottom plate of a coal mine working face is characterized by comprising the following steps:
after the high-density cables in the holes are pushed into the grouting modified drill holes of the coal mine base plate, grouting and plugging the grouting modified drill holes of the base plate;
and connecting the high-density cable in the hole into the underground resistivity monitoring control substation, and performing perspective exploration among the resistivity holes by using the bottom plate grouting transformation drill hole.
2. The method for monitoring the resistivity of the floor borehole of the coal mine working face as claimed in claim 1, wherein the perspective probing between the resistivity holes is performed on the horizontal section of the floor grouting renovation borehole.
3. The method for monitoring the resistivity of the coal mine face floor borehole of claim 1, wherein the high-density cable in the borehole is pushed into the coal mine floor grouting reconstruction borehole by a hydraulic conveying method.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein perspective probing of resistivity holes is performed in at least two coal mine floor grouting reconstruction boreholes, and wherein a power supply electrode a is placed in one of the coal mine floor grouting reconstruction boreholes and two receiving electrodes associated with the power supply electrode a are placed in the other coal mine floor grouting reconstruction borehole.
5. The method for monitoring the resistivity of the floor borehole of the coal mine working face according to claim 1, wherein a high-density cable pushing device is used for pushing the high-density cable in the borehole into the coal mine floor grouting transformation borehole, and the high-density cable pushing device comprises: the wire line coring drill rod, its the place ahead is provided with coring bit, and its inside is provided with linkage, the hydraulic conveyor is connected gradually to linkage rear end, hydraulic conveyor passes through the high density cable in the fixed nipple joint connecting hole.
6. A method for monitoring the drilling resistivity of a bottom plate of a coal mine working face is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, after the directional drilling grouting transformation project is completed, all drill rods are withdrawn, and coring drill rods are replaced;
step 2, fixedly connecting the hole bottom suspension device, the hydraulic conveyor, the fixed short section and the high-density cable in the hole in sequence, and conveying the fixed short section and the high-density cable into the coring drill rod; the fixed short joint is used for connecting the hydraulic conveyor and the high-density cable in the hole;
step 3, fixing special water at the tail end of the coring drill rod, conveying a pressure high-pressure water column at an opening beside the drill rod, moving a hydraulic conveyor forwards under the pressure of the high-pressure water column, and continuously moving a high-density cable in a traction hole towards the bottom of the hole;
step 4, moving the device to be hung to the bottom of the hole of the drilled hole, withdrawing the coring drill rod, and paving the high-density cable in the hole in the drilled hole;
and 5, connecting the high-density cable in the hole to a monitoring host, under the control of the monitoring host, supplying a set pseudo-random coding sequence current waveform to a power supply electrode on the transmitting cable, synchronously acquiring a voltage waveform between adjacent electrodes on the receiving cable by a receiver, and calculating the stable potential difference of the adjacent receiving electrodes on the receiving cable by a cross-correlation algorithm.
7. The method for monitoring the resistivity of the drill hole in the floor of the coal mining working face as claimed in claim 6, wherein the hanging device is provided with a barb structure, so that the hanging device can move only in one direction.
8. The utility model provides a high density cable pusher that is used for colliery bottom plate slip casting to reform transform drilling which characterized in that includes: the wire rope coring drill rod, wire rope coring drill rod the place ahead is provided with coring bit, and its inside is provided with linkage, the hydraulic conveyor is connected gradually to the linkage rear end, hydraulic conveyor passes through the high density cable in the fixed nipple joint connecting hole.
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| CN111414657A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-07-14 | 中煤科工集团沈阳设计研究院有限公司 | Method for determining coal seam bifurcation position and establishing refined three-dimensional solid model |
| CN111764893A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-10-13 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Coal mine underground horizontal deep hole fiber bragg grating strain sensor arrangement device and construction method thereof |
| CN114016932A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-02-08 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Cable disconnecting device, cable conveying assembly and timing recovery method |
| CN115493737A (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-12-20 | 中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司 | Original rock stress determination method based on underground directional long drilling hydraulic fracturing method |
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| CN111764893B (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2023-03-03 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Coal mine underground horizontal deep hole fiber bragg grating strain sensor arrangement device and construction method thereof |
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| CN115493737A (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-12-20 | 中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司 | Original rock stress determination method based on underground directional long drilling hydraulic fracturing method |
| CN115493737B (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2024-05-31 | 中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司 | Original rock stress determination method based on downhole directional long-borehole hydraulic fracturing method |
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