CN110818494B - Medium-element water-soluble fertilizer for improving apple quality and coloring and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Medium-element water-soluble fertilizer for improving apple quality and coloring and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110818494B CN110818494B CN201911374889.9A CN201911374889A CN110818494B CN 110818494 B CN110818494 B CN 110818494B CN 201911374889 A CN201911374889 A CN 201911374889A CN 110818494 B CN110818494 B CN 110818494B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
A middle element water-soluble fertilizer for improving apple quality and promoting coloring belongs to the field of functional water-soluble fertilizers and is characterized by comprising 30-40% of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 15-25% of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, 30-40% of beet molasses, 0.4-1% of sodium octaborate, 0.4-1% of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 0.1-0.3% of vitamin B2, 1-2% of sodium glutamate, 2-3% of yeast extract, 1-2% of diisooctyl maleate sodium sulfonate and the balance of water by mass percentage; the preparation process comprises mixing yeast extract, sodium glutamate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, sodium octaborate and water for reaction to obtain material I, mixing calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, beet molasses, vitamin B2 and diisooctyl maleate sodium sulfonate to obtain material II, mixing the materials I and II to obtain the product; the fertilizer can improve the coloring degree, sugar content, sugar-acid ratio and Vc content of apples.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of functional water-soluble fertilizers, relates to a secondary element water-soluble fertilizer, and particularly relates to a secondary element water-soluble fertilizer for improving apple quality and promoting coloring and a use method thereof.
Background
Apple quality and color are one of the most important commercial factors that determine apple market price. The improvement of the quality and the coloring degree of the apples becomes an important measure for ensuring the yield and income increase of fruit growers. The existing improvement measures comprise: (1) when the potash fertilizer is additionally applied, the sugar content of the apples is increased, but the incidence rate of the bitter pox is also increased correspondingly generally, the fruits are not resistant to storage and transportation, and the commodity is reduced. (2) The incidence rate of the bitter pox is reduced by applying the potassium fertilizer and the calcium fertilizer, but the color change of the apples is delayed, the surface gloss is reduced, the color change is difficult to be good finally, and the color change is difficult to compensate even if various color change nutrient solution substances are sprayed. (3) The coloring degree of the apples can be improved by spraying plant growth regulators such as 5-aminolevulinic acid, abscisic acid and the like in the color conversion period of the apples, but the requirements on the use concentration are strict, the sunscald is easily caused due to overhigh concentration, and the commodity of the apples is reduced. Therefore, the research on the medium element water-soluble fertilizer for improving the apple quality and promoting the coloring has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a medium element water-soluble fertilizer for improving the quality and the coloring of apples, which can improve the coloring degree and the hardness of apples and simultaneously improve the sugar content, the sugar-acid ratio and the Vc content in fruits.
The invention adopts the specific technical scheme that: the key point of the medium element water-soluble fertilizer for improving the quality and the coloring of apples is that the medium element water-soluble fertilizer comprises, by mass, 30% -40% of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 15% -25% of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, 30% -40% of beet molasses, 0.4% -1% of sodium octaborate, 0.4% -1% of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 0.1% -0.3% of vitamin B2, 1% -2% of sodium glutamate, 2% -3% of yeast extract, 1% -2% of diisooctyl maleate sodium sulfonate and the balance of water.
Further, the fertilizer comprises, by mass, 30% -35% of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 20% -25% of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, 32% -38% of beet molasses, 0.5% -1% of sodium octaborate, 0.5% -1% of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 0.15% -0.3% of vitamin B2, 1.2% -1.8% of sodium glutamate, 2% -2.5% of yeast extract, 1.5% -2% of diisooctyl maleate sodium sulfonate and the balance of water.
Further, the feed comprises, by mass, 34% of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 20% of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, 34% of beet molasses, 0.8% of sodium octaborate, 0.8% of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 0.2% of vitamin B2, 1.5% of sodium glutamate, 2.2% of yeast extract, 1.5% of sodium diisooctyl maleate sulfonate and 5% of water.
The preparation method of the secondary element water-soluble fertilizer for improving the quality and the coloring of the apples is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: preparing 30-40% of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 15-25% of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, 30-40% of beet molasses, 0.4-1% of sodium octaborate, 0.4-1% of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 0.1-0.3% of vitamin B2, 1-2% of sodium glutamate, 2-3% of yeast extract, 1-2% of diisooctyl maleate sodium sulfonate and the balance of water by mass percentage;
(2) in a reaction kettle 1#Adding water, yeast extract, sodium glutamate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate and sodium octaborate, stirring, heating to 60 deg.C, and reacting for 30min to obtain material I;
(3) in a reaction kettle 2#Adding beet molasses, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, vitamin B2, and diisooctyl maleate sodium sulfonate, heating to 50 deg.C, stirring to dissolve to obtain material II;
(4) and adding the material I into the material II, and stirring for 20-30min to obtain the medium element water-soluble fertilizer product.
The key point of the application method of the medium element water-soluble fertilizer for improving the quality and the coloring of the apples is that the fertilizer is applied once in the expanding period of the apples, 20-30 kg of the fertilizer is applied per mu, and the fertilizer is applied once with water 20 days before harvesting, and 20-30 kg of the fertilizer is applied per mu.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) calcium and magnesium are supplemented simultaneously, and the proportion of K/Ca, K/Mg and Ca/Mg in the apple root soil is balanced; the synergistic effect of the beet molasses, the vitamin B2, the sodium glutamate and the yeast extract optimizes the ecological environment of orchard soil, promotes the synthesis of anthocyanin in fruits, provides the internal environment condition for transferring the anthocyanin to color, and finally has the effects of improving the coloring degree and the hardness, improving the sugar content, the sugar-acid ratio and the Vc in the fruits and improving the commodity of the fruits.
(2) The filtering and adding of the permeation assistant diisooctyl maleate sodium sulfonate is beneficial to the diffusion of a water-fertilizer solution in soil, and can effectively avoid the influence of a large amount of irrigation on the color change of the apples in the color change period.
(3) The product meets the industrial standard of NY2266-2012 medium-element water-soluble fertilizer, the Ca + Mg content is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the fertilizer is easy to commercialize and convenient to popularize and apply in a large area in apple producing areas.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. Wherein the yeast extract is purchased from Limi yeast peptide (powder) of Angel Yeast GmbH, having a product number of: 81002644. unless otherwise specified, the other starting components described below are all commercial products known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
The medium element water-soluble fertilizer for improving the quality and coloring of apples comprises, by weight, 32% of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 22% of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, 33% of beet molasses, 0.7% of sodium octaborate, 0.7% of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 0.2% of vitamin B2, 1.4% of sodium glutamate, 2.4% of yeast extract, 1.6% of diisooctyl maleate sodium sulfonate and 6% of water.
The preparation method of the secondary element water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the components according to the mass percentage;
(2) in a reaction kettle 1#Adding water, yeast extract, sodium glutamate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate and sodium octaborate, stirring, heating to 60 deg.C, and reacting for 30min to obtain material I;
(3) in a reaction kettle 2#Adding beet molasses, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, vitamin B2, and diisooctyl maleate sodium sulfonate, heating to 50 deg.C, stirring to dissolve to obtain material II;
(4) and adding the material I into the material II, and stirring for 30min to obtain the medium element water-soluble fertilizer product.
Example 2
The medium element water-soluble fertilizer for improving the quality and the coloring of apples comprises, by weight, 36% of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 18% of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, 34% of beet molasses, 0.8% of sodium octaborate, 0.8% of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 0.2% of vitamin B2, 1.5% of sodium glutamate, 2.2% of yeast extract, 1.5% of diisooctyl maleate sodium sulfonate and 5% of water.
The preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
Example 3
The medium element water-soluble fertilizer for improving the quality and coloring of apples comprises, by weight, 30% of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 25% of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, 30% of beet molasses, 1% of sodium octaborate, 1% of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 0.3% of vitamin B2, 2% of sodium glutamate, 3% of yeast extract, 2% of diisooctyl maleate sodium sulfonate and the balance of water.
The preparation method of the secondary element water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the components according to the mass percentage;
(2) in a reaction kettle 1#Adding water, yeast extract, sodium glutamate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate and sodium octaborate, stirring, heating to 60 deg.C, and reacting for 30min to obtain material I;
(3) in a reaction kettle 2#Adding beet molasses, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, vitamin B2, and diisooctyl maleate sodium sulfonate, heating to 50 deg.C, stirring to dissolve to obtain material II;
(4) and adding the material I into the material II, and stirring for 25min to obtain the medium element water-soluble fertilizer product.
Example 4
The medium element water-soluble fertilizer for improving the quality and coloring of apples comprises, by weight, 40% of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 15% of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, 30% of beet molasses, 0.4% of sodium octaborate, 0.4% of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 0.1% of vitamin B2, 1% of sodium glutamate, 2% of yeast extract, 1% of diisooctyl maleate sodium sulfonate and the balance of water.
The preparation method of the secondary element water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the components according to the mass percentage;
(2) in a reaction kettle 1#Adding water, yeast extract, sodium glutamate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate and sodium octaborate, stirring, heating to 60 deg.C, and reacting for 30min to obtain material I;
(3) in a reaction kettle 2#Adding beet molasses, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, vitamin B2, and diisooctyl maleate sodium sulfonate, heating to 50 deg.C, stirring to dissolve to obtain material II;
(4) and adding the material I into the material II, and stirring for 30min to obtain a medium element water-soluble fertilizer product.
Comparative example 1
The composition ratio and the preparation method of the medium element water-soluble fertilizer are the same as those of example 1, except that the vitamin B2 is replaced by the same amount of water.
Comparative example 2
The composition ratio and the preparation method of the secondary element water-soluble fertilizer are the same as those of example 1, and only the difference is that sodium glutamate is replaced by the same amount of water.
Comparative example 3
The composition ratio and preparation method of the medium element water-soluble fertilizer are the same as those of example 1, except that the yeast extract is replaced by the same amount of water.
Comparative example 4
The composition proportion and the preparation method of the secondary element water-soluble fertilizer are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the difference is only that the diisooctyl maleate sodium sulfonate is replaced by equal amount of water.
Comparative example 5
The composition ratio and preparation method of the medium element water-soluble fertilizer are the same as those of example 1, except that beet molasses is replaced by the same amount of water.
Second, application test
Selecting 8-year-old short-branch Hanfu apples planted in a certain orchard in some Hebei, performing fertilizer efficiency tests on test samples of examples 1-4, comparative examples 1-5 and controls 1-3 of the invention, wherein each test treatment is repeated for four times, the area of each test cell is 30 square meters, and 6 apples in each cell adopt a completely random block design. The fertilizer is flushed with water once in the apple expansion period, 1.2 kg of fertilizer is used in each plot, 300 kg of water is added for flushing (about 26 kg of medium element water-soluble fertilizer and 6670 kg of water in each mu), and the same amount of clear water is flushed after the treatment of comparison 1; the above-mentioned herbs are applied once with water 20 days before harvest. Other fertilization is carried out according to conventional fertilization management. One tree is calibrated in each cell in the mature period, investigation is carried out, 100 fruits are taken from four directions of east, west, south and north, upper, middle and lower three directions, the weight of each fruit, the content of soluble solid matters, titratable acidity, soluble total sugar, VC content, sugar-acid ratio and coloring rate are measured, and the test results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 Effect of the different examples on the fruit quality of Hanfu apples
Note: control 1: no middle element water-soluble fertilizer is applied, and the same amount of clear water is used for replacing;
control 2: the medium element water-soluble fertilizer sold in the market has the following nutrient indexes: ca is more than or equal to 150 g/L;
control 3: the nutrient indexes of the commercially available medium-element water-soluble fertilizer are as follows: ca is more than or equal to 90g/L, Mg and more than or equal to 10g/L
As can be seen from Table 1, calcium and magnesium are supplemented together, and beet molasses, vitamin B2, sodium glutamate, yeast extract and the like have synergistic effects, so that the ecological environment of orchard soil is optimized, the fruit quality is improved, the final effect is represented by the improvement of hardness, the improvement of sugar content, sugar-acid ratio and Vc in the fruits, and the commodity of the fruits is improved.
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on the colorability of Hanfu apples
| Serial number | Grade 1 (%) | Grade 2 (%) | Grade 3 (%) | Grade 4 (%) | Grade 5 (%) |
| Example 1 | 9.8 | 12.6 | 31.8 | 22.5 | 23.3 |
| Example 2 | 7.6 | 13.8 | 30.4 | 27.5 | 20.7 |
| Example 3 | 8.9 | 12.2 | 33.2 | 25.5 | 20.2 |
| Example 4 | 8.0 | 14.8 | 28.7 | 26.7 | 21.8 |
| Comparative example 1 | 10.6 | 19.2 | 25.5 | 25.9 | 18.8 |
| Comparative example 2 | 11.5 | 15.5 | 31.4 | 24.7 | 16.9 |
| Comparative example 3 | 11.6 | 16.9 | 30.2 | 22.2 | 19.1 |
| Comparative example 4 | 12.6 | 16.5 | 33.0 | 23.2 | 14.7 |
| Comparative example 5 | 14.6 | 16.8 | 32.5 | 22.2 | 13.9 |
| Control 1 | 13.8 | 18.8 | 30.6 | 24.2 | 12.6 |
| Control 2 | 16.4 | 20.2 | 32.1 | 20.8 | 10.8 |
| Control 3 | 12.2 | 18.5 | 27.5 | 24.6 | 17.2 |
Note: the grading standard is (refer to GB/T17980.144-2004 pesticide field efficacy test guideline (II) part 144: the plant growth regulator promotes apple coloring test):
the level 1 coloring area accounts for less than 20% of the whole fruit area;
the 2-level coloring area accounts for 21% -40% of the whole fruit area;
the 3-level coloring area accounts for 41-60% of the whole fruit area;
the 4-level coloring area accounts for 61-80% of the whole fruit area;
the 5-grade coloring area accounts for 81-100% of the whole fruit area.
As can be seen from Table 2, the secondary element water-soluble fertilizers prepared in examples 1-4 can improve the coloring degree of apples, the proportion of 1-2-grade fruits is small, the proportion of 3-4-grade fruits is high, and the coloring effect on apples is obviously better than that of other treatments.
The medium-element water-soluble fertilizer products prepared in the embodiments 1 to 4 all meet the industrial standard of NY2266-2012 medium-element water-soluble fertilizers (Ca + Mg is more than or equal to 100g/L), and are easy to commercialize and convenient to popularize and apply in large areas of apple producing areas as shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Water-soluble fertilizer Performance index of secondary elements
| Appearance of the product | Black brown uniform liquid with viscosity |
| Ca+Mg | ≥100g/L |
| Ca | ≥70g/L |
| Mg | ≥20g/L |
| Zn | ≥1g/L |
| B | ≥1g/L |
| Organic matter | ≥100g/L |
| pH | 6-8 |
| Density of | 1.40-1.45g/mL |
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the embodiments are only examples, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Any equivalent modifications and substitutions to those skilled in the art are also within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, equivalent alterations and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The medium element water-soluble fertilizer for improving the quality and coloring of apples is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 30 to 35 percent of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 20 to 25 percent of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, 32 to 38 percent of beet molasses, 0.5 to 1 percent of sodium octaborate, 0.5 to 1 percent of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 0.15 to 0.3 percent of vitamin B2, 1.2 to 1.8 percent of sodium glutamate, 2 to 2.5 percent of yeast extract, 1.5 to 2 percent of diisooctyl maleate sodium sulfonate and the balance of water; the sodium diisooctyl maleate sulfonate is beneficial to the diffusion of a water-fertilizer solution in soil, can effectively avoid the influence of a large amount of irrigation on the color change of apples in the color change period,
the preparation method of the water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials;
(2) adding water, yeast extract, sodium glutamate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate and sodium octaborate into a reaction kettle 1#, stirring, heating to 60 ℃, and reacting for 30min to obtain a material I for later use;
(3) adding beet molasses, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, vitamin B2 and sodium diisooctyl maleate sulfonate into a reaction kettle 2#, heating to 50 ℃, and stirring until the components are dissolved to obtain a material II for later use;
(4) adding the material I into the material II, and stirring for 20-30min to obtain a medium element water-soluble fertilizer product;
the application method of the water-soluble fertilizer comprises the steps of flushing and applying the water-soluble fertilizer once in the apple fruit expanding period, wherein 20-30 kg of the fertilizer is applied to each mu, and the water-soluble fertilizer is flushed and applied once with water 20 days before harvesting, and 20-30 kg of the fertilizer is applied to each mu.
2. The medium-element water-soluble fertilizer for improving apple quality and coloring according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 34% of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 20% of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, 34% of beet molasses, 0.8% of sodium octaborate, 0.8% of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 0.2% of vitamin B2, 1.5% of sodium glutamate, 2.2% of yeast extract, 1.5% of sodium diisooctyl maleate sulfonate and 5% of water.
3. The method of claim 1 for preparing a medium element water soluble fertilizer for improving apple quality and coloring, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing materials according to mass percentage;
(2) adding water, yeast extract, sodium glutamate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate and sodium octaborate into a reaction kettle 1#, stirring, heating to 60 ℃, and reacting for 30min to obtain a material I for later use;
(3) adding beet molasses, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, vitamin B2 and sodium diisooctyl maleate sulfonate into a reaction kettle 2#, heating to 50 ℃, and stirring until the components are dissolved to obtain a material II for later use;
(4) and adding the material I into the material II, and stirring for 20-30min to obtain the medium element water-soluble fertilizer product.
4. The method for using the medium-element water-soluble fertilizer for improving the quality and the color of the apples according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer is applied once per mu in the expanding period of the apples by 20-30 kg per mu, and is applied once with water 20 days before harvesting by 20-30 kg per mu.
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| CN111499452A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-08-07 | 山东恩宝生物科技有限公司 | Environment-friendly alginic acid double-control slow-release urea and preparation method thereof |
| CN111393220A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-07-10 | 山东恩宝生物科技有限公司 | Alginic acid double-control coated controlled-release urea and preparation method thereof |
| CN111362759A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-07-03 | 山东恩宝生物科技有限公司 | Alginic acid fertilizer with water and fertilizer retention function and preparation method thereof |
| CN114213188A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-03-22 | 南京小田网络科技有限公司 | Slow-release long-acting horticultural fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN116217302A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-06-06 | 深圳市芭田生态工程股份有限公司 | Nitro organic-inorganic special fertilizer for reducing pungency and bitterness of radish in expansion period |
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| CN104326817A (en) * | 2014-10-18 | 2015-02-04 | 郑州在田农业科学技术研究院 | Special foliage spray water-soluble fertilizer for apples |
| CN105085025B (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2018-08-17 | 青岛阿道姆农业科技有限公司 | A kind of water soluble fertilizer and method of administration for improving apple color and luster and promoting coloring |
| CN105859444A (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-08-17 | 郑州盛润生物质能源化工研究院 | Coloring and sugar increasing fertilizer containing polypeptide amino acid and glycosidase and compounded with phosphor and potassium |
| US20180325110A1 (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2018-11-15 | Mingqiang Zhang | Micro-carbon plant anthocyanin for facilitating advancement of fruit coloring and fruit plumpness, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN105918316B (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2018-05-18 | 郑州曹氏天正生物技术有限公司 | One plant growth regulators and preparation method and application |
| CN106518369A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-03-22 | 河南中威高科技化工有限公司 | Rear earth leaf fertilizer for citrus coloring and application thereof |
| CN106577654A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-04-26 | 四川国光农化股份有限公司 | Fruit sugar increasing agent and application thereof |
| CN108129190A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-08 | 深圳市芭田生态工程股份有限公司 | Improve compound fertilizer of crop sugariness and preparation method thereof |
| CN109336703A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-02-15 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of efficient leaf surface calcareous fertilizer and preparation method thereof for correcting apple bitter pit |
| CN109704876B (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2022-04-08 | 河北萌帮水溶肥料股份有限公司 | Water-soluble fertilizer synergistic composition and preparation method and application thereof |
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