CN110818202A - Method for restoring water ecological system and water ecological system stepped restoration system - Google Patents
Method for restoring water ecological system and water ecological system stepped restoration system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110818202A CN110818202A CN201911188556.7A CN201911188556A CN110818202A CN 110818202 A CN110818202 A CN 110818202A CN 201911188556 A CN201911188556 A CN 201911188556A CN 110818202 A CN110818202 A CN 110818202A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/286—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using natural organic sorbents or derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/58—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/001—Runoff or storm water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
Abstract
The invention provides a method for restoring a water body ecological system, which comprises the following steps: 1) adding a water body substrate modifying agent into the raw water body, planting aquatic vegetation after the water quality becomes clear, improving the condition of water body optical compensation, and constructing an underwater forest system; 2) ecological interception systems are constructed at two sides of the water body, so that solid suspended matters in the water body are reduced, and the water quality is kept; 3) a surface runoff buffer area is constructed at the periphery of the ecological interception system and is used for preventing side slope instability caused by wind blowing and rain striking and preventing muddy water from polluting a water body after water and soil loss. The water ecological system stepped restoration system is formed by the method, the shoreline erosion can be effectively prevented, the concentration of suspended matters in the water body is effectively reduced by the water ecological interception system, the transparency of the water body is greatly improved, a good environment for the growth of the water plants is provided for the water body, then the submerged plants are planted to form an underwater forest system, the aesthetics and the hydrophilicity are considered, and the demonstration and education effects are good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water body ecological restoration, in particular to a method for restoring a water body ecological system and a water ecological system stepped restoration system.
Background
Domestic research pays more attention to social hotspot problems of lake eutrophication, black and odorous water bodies and the like, and along with the financial and technical investment of the country and the place, the problem of the black and odorous water body and the lake eutrophication is greatly relieved, but the fact does not mean that most of water bodies in China have a complete ecological system. On the contrary, most of water bodies in China are in a sub-health state, namely the water bodies are exposed to the problem of blue algae outbreak or eutrophication at any time, once the water bodies are stimulated by the outside, the water bodies in the sub-health state can be polluted completely, the problem of water safety is outbreaked, and the living environment of residents around is influenced. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a healthy ecosystem for such sub-healthy water bodies, so that the sub-healthy water bodies have strong dirt receiving and purifying capacity and resist the impact of external pollution on the water bodies. In the prior water pollution treatment process, methods such as dredging, aeration, artificial floating island, artificial wetland and the like or a combined process of the methods are mostly adopted to achieve the purposes of control and treatment. However, the method has the defects of narrow considered surface, dead angle, lack of systematicness and aesthetic property and the like, and seriously restricts the monitoring and treatment of the ecological non-point source pollution of the water.
In combination with the actual national conditions of China, the water system resources in south China are numerous, especially in rural or suburban areas. As the rivers, lakes and ponds in most rural or suburban areas have no submerged plant communities and healthy food nets, i.e. ecological functions are degraded and lost, the polluted water body cannot be self-healed, and the trend of eutrophication and blue algae outbreak is presented. Therefore, a set of ecological system restoration technology developed for water with ecological function deficiency/degradation has great social significance to the actual national conditions of China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for restoring a water body ecological system.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention provides a method for restoring a water body ecological system, which comprises the following steps:
1) adding a water body substrate modifying agent into the raw water body, planting aquatic vegetation after the water quality becomes clear, improving the condition of water body optical compensation, and constructing an underwater forest system;
2) ecological interception systems are constructed at two sides of the water body, so that solid suspended matters in the water body are reduced, and the water quality is kept;
3) a surface runoff buffer area is constructed at the periphery of the ecological interception system and is used for preventing side slope instability caused by wind blowing and rain striking and preventing muddy water from polluting a water body after water and soil loss.
Further, the water body bottom material modifying agent in the step 1) is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 3: 3: 2: 2 calcium peroxide, kaolin, chitosan and polyacrylamide.
Further, the method for constructing aquatic vegetation in the step 1) comprises the following steps: planting different submerged plants according to the water depth, planting the sowthistle, the hydrilla verticillata and the potamogeton crenata in the water depth of 0.3-1m, and planting the potamogeton malabaricum in the water depth of 1-1.8 m.
Further, the method for constructing the ecological interception system in the step 2) comprises the following steps: the water body periphery is sequentially provided with a first-stage interception system, a second-stage primary filtration system and a third-stage fine filtration system which are distributed in a ladder shape from outside to inside, and all the systems are connected through drop sills.
Further, the method for constructing the surface runoff buffer area in the step 3) comprises the following steps: arranging fir piles at land-water junctions of lakes, rivers or ponds, arranging impermeable enclosure grids in the fir piles, and paving pebbles between the fir piles and the impermeable enclosure grids.
Further, the density of the plants planted under water is: 10-20 plants/m of tape grass215-30 hydrilla verticillata/m220-30 micro-eyedrops/m210-20 potamogeton malaianus/m2。
Furthermore, the water depth of the primary interception system is 15-25cm and is filled with cobblestones, the water depth of the secondary primary filtration system is 30-40cm and is filled with filter stones, and the water depth of the tertiary fine filtration system is 45cm and is filled with coarse sand.
Furthermore, emergent aquatic plants are planted on the tops of the primary interception system, the secondary primary filtration system and the tertiary fine filtration system.
A water ecosystem stepped repair system comprises a stepped distributed ground surface radial flow buffer area, an ecological interception system and an underwater forest system.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. better conditions are provided for plant growth at the bottom of the water body, so that the bottom of the water body has higher dissolved oxygen, secondary release of phosphorus is inhibited, and the transparency of the water body is improved.
2. Silt and SS entering the water body are reduced, water body pollutants are reduced, and the filter material is prevented from being blocked by horizontal flow.
3. The existing topographic conditions of rivers, lakes and ponds are utilized, landscape aesthetics is integrated, the hydrophilicity of citizens is improved, meanwhile, the engineering quantity is small, the cost is low, and the method has a large-scale application prospect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a construction profile of an aquatic ecology step-by-step remediation system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an aquatic ecology step-type remediation system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the change of dissolved oxygen in a water body according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating changes in water visibility according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change of the total phosphorus content in water according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for restoring a water body ecological system, which comprises the following steps:
1) adding a water body substrate modifying agent into the raw water body, planting aquatic vegetation after the water quality becomes clear, improving the condition of water body optical compensation, and constructing an underwater forest system;
2) ecological interception systems are constructed at two sides of the water body, so that solid suspended matters in the water body are reduced, and the water quality is kept;
3) a surface runoff buffer area is constructed at the periphery of the ecological interception system and is used for preventing side slope instability caused by wind blowing and rain striking and preventing muddy water from polluting a water body after water and soil loss.
Specifically, the water body bottom material modifying agent in the step 1) is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 3: 3: 2: 2 calcium peroxide, kaolin, chitosan and polyacrylamide. The water body substrate modifying agent can make the water quality clear, improve the water body condition and provide conditions for the planting of submerged plants, wherein, the chitosan has the chelating adsorption effect on a plurality of substances, and amino groups in the molecules and hydroxyl groups adjacent to the amino groups can form stable chelates with a plurality of metal ions to remove a plurality of harmful metal ions in the water body.
The method for constructing the aquatic vegetation in the step 1) comprises the following steps: planting different submerged plants according to the water depth, planting the sowthistle, the hydrilla verticillata and the potamogeton crenata in the water depth of 0.3-1m, and planting the potamogeton malabaricum in the water depth of 1-1.8 m. The planting density of the underwater plants is as follows: 10-20 plants/m of tape grass215-30 hydrilla verticillata/m220-30 micro-eyedrops/m210-20 potamogeton malaianus/m2。
The position of the submerged plant in the water ecosystem can not be replaced, the submerged plant provides more living habitation and hidden places for the aquatic animals, and can increase dissolved oxygen in water, purify water and enlarge the effective living space of the aquatic animals. As the submerged plants can absorb nutrient substances including nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the water body in the growth process, the eutrophication of the water body can be relieved by aiming at the eutrophicated water body, but the water turbidity can influence the photosynthesis of the water body, and the submerged plants are planted after the water becomes clear after the water quality modifying agent is firstly put into the water body. The role of submerged plants in water ecological restoration, especially in improving the visibility of water and landscape construction, is increasingly being valued by people. The underwater forest system can accumulate the top water, improve the growth and attachment conditions of aquatic plants, increase the coverage area of underwater vegetation and purify water quality.
The method for constructing the ecological interception system in the step 2) comprises the following steps: a first-stage interception system with the water depth of 15-25cm, a second-stage primary filtration system with the water depth of 30-40cm and a third-stage fine filtration system with the water depth of 45cm are sequentially arranged on the periphery of the water body from outside to inside in a step-shaped distribution manner. The three-level ecological interception system is filled with filling materials according to interception grading combination, the first-level interception system is filled with cobblestones, the second-level primary filtration system is filled with filter stones, the third-level fine filtration system is filled with coarse sand, all the systems are connected through a drop sill, and the tops of the drop sills and the junctions of the filling materials are provided with cobblestones. Emergent aquatic plants such as iris, reed, thaliana and the like are planted at the top of each level of interception system.
The method for constructing the earth surface runoff buffer area in the step 3) comprises the following steps: arranging fir piles at land-water junctions of lakes, rivers or ponds, arranging impermeable enclosure grids in the fir piles, and paving pebbles between the fir piles and the impermeable enclosure grids. Wherein, the specification and the model of the fir-wood piles have the arrangement density of 0.25 to 0.30 roots/m2The diameter of the pebble is 3-5 cm, and the distribution density is 0.05-0.10 m3/m2The density of the waterproof enclosure cloth is 0, 03-0.04 m3/m2。
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the invention further provides a water ecosystem stepped repair system, which comprises a stepped distributed ground surface runoff buffer area, an ecological interception system and an underwater forest system.
The technical team starts to perform ecological transformation on a lake in the city of Wuhan in 2017, 12 and 7 days, firstly, a water body substrate modifying agent is prepared, the modifying agent is put into the bottom of the water body, submerged plants such as tape grass, hydrilla verticillata, microtooth-shaped eyed herb and the like are planted on the bottom of the water body after the water quality of the water body is clarified, an ecological interception system and a surface radial flow buffer area are constructed on the periphery of the lake, the transformation on the water body ecological system is completed, the changes of indexes such as the water body visibility, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus content and the like are detected in real time from the beginning of the transformation, a curve graph is prepared to facilitate the visual understanding of the water body ecological change, and particularly, the drawing 3, 4 and 5 shows that the dissolved oxygen in the water body is increased by a small amount due to the planting of the submerged plants, the total phosphorus content reduces the eutrophication degree of the water body, and the, the water slowly becomes clear.
The surface runoff buffer area in the system can effectively reduce rainwater erosion, the silt entering the water is reduced by 80%, the ecological interception system can reduce the SS in the water, the coverage of submerged plants of the underwater forest system is improved by 40%, oxygen can be slowly released for a long time, the adverse condition of oxygen deficiency at the bottom of a lake is improved, a good environment for rhizosphere microorganism survival is created, and a complete ecological system is constructed. Compared with other water ecological restoration projects, the restoration cost in unit area of the technology is reduced by 30%, and the maintenance and operation cost in unit area of the lake is reduced by 35%. The transparency of the water body at the deepest part of the step water storage and substrate improvement area can reach 2-3 m, the coverage of submerged plants can reach 60-70%, and the water quality can reach three types of surface water. The method has good demonstration and education effects and great application potential in rural areas or suburbs in southern China.
The invention has the following technical effects: (1) better conditions are provided for plant growth at the bottom of the water body, so that the bottom of the water body has higher dissolved oxygen, secondary release of phosphorus is inhibited, and the transparency of the water body is improved; (2) silt and SS entering the water body are reduced, pollutants in the water body are reduced, and the filter material is prevented from being blocked by horizontal flow; (3) the method utilizes the existing topographic conditions of rivers, lakes and ponds, integrates landscape aesthetics to improve the hydrophilicity of citizens, has less engineering quantity and low cost, and has a prospect of large-scale application.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A method for restoring a water body ecosystem is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) adding a water body substrate modifying agent into the raw water body, planting aquatic vegetation after the water quality becomes clear, improving the condition of water body optical compensation, and constructing an underwater forest system;
2) ecological interception systems are constructed at two sides of the water body, so that solid suspended matters in the water body are reduced, and the water quality is kept;
3) a surface runoff buffer area is constructed at the periphery of the ecological interception system and is used for preventing side slope instability caused by wind blowing and rain striking and preventing muddy water from polluting a water body after water and soil loss.
2. The method for restoring a water ecosystem of claim 1, wherein the water body sediment modifier in step 1) is a mixture of water body sediment modifiers in a mass ratio of 3: 3: 2: 2 calcium peroxide, kaolin, chitosan and polyacrylamide.
3. The method for restoring an ecosystem of a water body according to claim 1, wherein the method for constructing the aquatic vegetation in step 1) comprises: planting different submerged plants according to the water depth, planting the sowthistle, the hydrilla verticillata and the potamogeton crenata in the water depth of 0.3-1m, and planting the potamogeton malabaricum in the water depth of 1-1.8 m.
4. The method for restoring the ecosystem of a water body according to claim 1, wherein the method for constructing the ecological intercepting system in the step 2) comprises the following steps: the water body periphery is sequentially provided with a first-stage interception system, a second-stage primary filtration system and a third-stage fine filtration system which are distributed in a ladder shape from outside to inside, and all the systems are connected through drop sills.
5. The method for restoring an ecosystem of a water body according to claim 1, wherein the method for constructing the surface runoff buffer in the step 3) comprises the following steps: arranging fir piles at land-water junctions of lakes, rivers or ponds, arranging impermeable enclosure grids in the fir piles, and paving pebbles between the fir piles and the impermeable enclosure grids.
6. The method for remediating an ecosystem in a water body of claim 3, wherein the submerged plants are planted at a density of: 10-20 plants/m of tape grass215-30 hydrilla verticillata/m220-30 micro-eyedrops/m210-20 potamogeton malaianus/m2。
7. The method for restoring an ecosystem of a water body according to claim 4, wherein the primary intercepting system has a water depth of 15 to 25cm and is filled with cobblestones, the secondary primary filtering system has a water depth of 30 to 40cm and is filled with filter stones, and the tertiary secondary filtering system has a water depth of 45cm and is filled with coarse sand.
8. The method for restoring an ecosystem of a water body according to claim 4, wherein emergent aquatic plants are planted on the tops of the primary intercepting system, the secondary primary filtering system and the tertiary secondary filtering system.
9. A stepped water ecosystem restoration system using the method for restoring a water ecosystem according to claims 1 to 8, wherein: the ecological intercepting system comprises a step-type distributed ground surface runoff buffer area, an ecological intercepting system and an underwater forest system.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111233276A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-06-05 | 重庆大学 | Ecological treatment method for rainwater in early stage of river entering, shore ecological landscape and construction method |
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