CN110810120A - Method for cultivating cordyceps sinensis at home - Google Patents

Method for cultivating cordyceps sinensis at home Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110810120A
CN110810120A CN201911150476.2A CN201911150476A CN110810120A CN 110810120 A CN110810120 A CN 110810120A CN 201911150476 A CN201911150476 A CN 201911150476A CN 110810120 A CN110810120 A CN 110810120A
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soil
cordyceps sinensis
cultivation
insect
months
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杨琴
郭贵斌
张翰熙
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/20Culture media, e.g. compost
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/033Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating cordyceps sinensis at home, and relates to the field of cultivation of cordyceps sinensis. The method is very popularized, and the cordyceps sinensis can be cultivated in the rural and herdsman homeland and the house of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau with the altitude of more than 2000 meters and the annual maximum temperature of less than 20 ℃. The method comprises the following steps: sequentially spreading soil and ginseng fruit in an indoor insect box 1 within 5-8 months of each year, spreading the eggs of the hepialus armoricanus larvae on the upper layer, spreading a layer of soil, sun-drying once every week, and dividing the eggs into 12-18 insect boxes 2 for later use after 2-3 months of cultivation; mixing Cordyceps sinensis strains in soil, sequentially paving soil with the strains, ginseng fruits and polygonum barbarum in the insect breeding box 2, culturing for 16-20 months, moving the insect breeding box 2 to an outdoor shade from March of the third year, continuously culturing for 10-30 days, digging the fruiting bodies of Cordyceps sinensis after the fruiting bodies exceed the soil surface by 3cm, removing the surface soil, and air drying to obtain the Cordyceps sinensis finished product.

Description

Method for cultivating cordyceps sinensis at home
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cultivation of cordyceps sinensis, in particular to a method for cultivating cordyceps sinensis in a household mode.
Background
At present, the cordyceps sinensis is artificially cultivated in China, and the indoor artificial cultivation technology of the cordyceps sinensis mainly comprises the steps of artificially hatching the worm eggs of hepialus armoricanus host hepialid larvae, feeding feed with balanced nutrition suitable for the growth of the larvae, and breeding the hepialid larvae; meanwhile, cordyceps sinensis is collected and cultured, larvae are combined with the cordyceps sinensis through manual intervention, and then hyphae grow in the larvae, so that the larvae are rigidified. And then culturing the stiff insects by artificially simulating the natural environment to ensure that hyphae in the stiff insects grow and mature, and finally inducing the stiff insects to grow sporocarps to finish the production of artificially cultured cordyceps sinensis. Meanwhile, in the process of growth of the hepialus armoricanus larvae, due to the individual difference, part of the larvae are not infected with cordyceps sinensis, so that pupation can be smoothly grown, eclosion becomes imagoes, the imagoes mate to lay eggs, and generation alternation of the hepialus armoricanus as a host of the cordyceps sinensis is completed. In addition, the stiff insects are induced to grow sporocarps and then are continuously cultivated, so that the sporocarps are mature to generate ascospores, and the generation alternation of the cordyceps sinensis is completed.
However, in the production process of artificially cultivating cordyceps sinensis, the bat moth larvae are all raised in the environment of constant temperature and humidity and high cleanliness, the technical popularization difficulty is high, and the universality is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating cordyceps sinensis in a family mode, which is extremely popularized and can cultivate the cordyceps sinensis in rural and herdsman families and houses on Qinghai-Tibet plateau with the altitude of more than 2000 m and the annual maximum temperature of less than 20 ℃.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a method for culturing Cordyceps in family comprises the following steps:
1) sequentially spreading soil and ginseng fruit in an indoor insect box 1 within 5-8 months of each year, spreading the eggs of the hepialus armoricanus larvae on the upper layer, spreading a layer of soil, sun-drying once every week, and dividing the eggs into 12-18 insect boxes 2 for later use after 2-3 months of cultivation; the sun is sunned to improve the effect of killing the mixed bacteria on the soil surface by sunlight and reduce the growth of mould; therefore, other sterilization methods such as ultraviolet rays and the like can be used instead, but in view of the fact that the patent provides a domestic feeding mode, the simple and effective domestic feeding is considered, and only a sun-drying mode is provided.
2) Mixing Cordyceps sinensis strains in soil, sequentially paving soil with the strains, ginseng fruits and polygonum barbarum in the insect breeding box 2, culturing for 16-20 months, moving the insect breeding box 2 to an outdoor shade from March of the third year, continuously culturing for 10-30 days, digging the fruiting bodies of Cordyceps sinensis after the fruiting bodies exceed the soil surface by 3cm, removing the surface soil, and air drying to obtain the Cordyceps sinensis finished product.
Regarding the insect-raising box, the following explanation is made: the insect breeding box 1 is used when laying insect eggs, the insect breeding box 2 is used in a split box mode, and the insect breeding box 1 is not used after the split box operation (namely, the split box operation is divided into 12-18 boxes after 2-3 months of cultivation) is finished in the step 1, and all the insect breeding boxes are changed into the insect breeding box 2; the insect breeding box 1 is different from the insect breeding box 2 in that the insect breeding box 1 uses common soil, and the soil used by the insect breeding box 2 is soil containing cordyceps sinensis strains.
Preferably, the humidity of the soil in the step 1) is 30% -40%.
Preferably, the dosage of the ginseng fruit in the step 1) is 0.8-1.2 kg.
Preferably, the soil thickness of steps 1) -2) is 0.8-1.3 cm; as a specific example of the present invention, the soil thickness is 1 cm.
Preferably, the dosage of the hepialus larva eggs in the step 1) is 800-1200 eggs; as a specific embodiment of the invention, the dosage of the hepialus larva eggs is 1000 granules.
Preferably, the indoor temperature in step 1) is 10-20 ℃.
Preferably, each insect box 2 in the step 1) has 40-50 larvae.
Preferably, the dosage of the ginseng fruit in the step 2) is 0.3-0.5 kg; as a specific embodiment of the present invention, the ginseng fruit is used in an amount of 0.2 kg.
Preferably, the dose of the polygonum barbarum in the step 2) is 0.5-1.0 kg; as a specific example of the invention, the dose of the polygonum barbarum is 0.5 kg.
Preferably, the soil temperature is 7-16 ℃ throughout the cultivation.
Compared with the existing cultivation method, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention effectively reduces the technical difficulty of artificial tending of the cordyceps sinensis and has high popularization.
The cultivation method has strong popularization, and the cordyceps sinensis is cultivated in courtyards and houses of the people who live in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau with the altitude of 2000-4000 meters and the annual maximum temperature of below 20 ℃.
The cultivation environment of the invention is close to the natural environment, the production area is close to the original place of the cordyceps sinensis, the cultivation time is 18-20 months, the operation is simple, the environment can be satisfied in the courtyard and house of vast farmers and herdsmen in Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the labor intensity is not large, the invention is suitable for the middle-aged and the old and women farmers and herdsmen to be in the home, and the income is increased.
Detailed Description
The claims of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
1) Culturing hepialus armoricanus pupae collected from the field, forming into moth, inducing male and female moth to copulate and lay eggs, incubating the eggs at proper temperature and humidity, and incubating for about 30 days for later use.
2) Soaking Cordyceps collected from wild in 75% ethanol for 1 min, taking out, washing with sterile water, planting in sterile soil, and collecting strain.
3) The method comprises the following steps of exposing humus soil collected from mountain forests to the sun for 5 days, removing impurities such as tree roots and stones, adjusting the humidity of the soil with clean water, and dispersing the humus soil when the humus soil can be kneaded into a cluster and put down by hands.
4) In 5-8 months of each year, 1cm of humidity-adjusted soil is sequentially paved in an insect-raising box 1 which is arranged indoors and has the length of 40cm, the width of 28cm, the height of 14cm and a cover, 1000 worm eggs are uniformly scattered on ginseng fruits after 1kg of fresh ginseng fruits are dug from the field or purchased, finally 1cm of soil is scattered on the upper layer, and the ginseng fruits are covered with a cover and stored in a cool and shady place with the temperature lower than 20 ℃; moving to the outdoor for sun drying once a week to avoid direct incidence of solar light at noon, so that the soil temperature is raised to kill bacteria on the surface of the soil and reduce the breeding of mold; keeping the humidity of the soil, and pouring clean water when the soil surface is whitish; after 2 months of cultivation, the box is divided into 18 insect boxes 2, and 40 larvae are arranged in each insect box 2 for standby;
5) mixing Cordyceps strains in soil, sequentially spreading soil containing strains, 0.2kg of herba Herminii and 0.5kg of polygonum barbarum in insect breeding box 2, spreading 1cm of soil on the uppermost layer, covering with a cover, and storing in shade room at a temperature below 25 deg.C; moving to the outdoor for sun drying once a week to avoid direct incidence of solar light at noon, so that the soil temperature is raised to kill bacteria on the surface of the soil and reduce the breeding of mold; keeping the humidity of the soil, and pouring clean water when the soil surface is whitish; the soil temperature is noted in the whole cultivation process, and is kept between 16 ℃; ensuring that sufficient fresh ginseng fruits and polygonum bulbosum are in the soil in the whole cultivation process; after 16 months of cultivation, moving the insect-cultivating box 2 to an outdoor shade place from March of the third year for further cultivation for 30 days, and when the fruiting body of the cordyceps sinensis grows out of the soil surface within one month, digging the fruiting body of the cordyceps sinensis after the fruiting body exceeds the soil surface by 3cm, removing the surface soil, and air-drying to obtain the finished product of the cordyceps sinensis.
Example 2
1) Culturing hepialus armoricanus pupae collected from the field, forming into moth, inducing male and female moth to copulate and lay eggs, incubating the eggs at proper temperature and humidity, and incubating for about 30 days for later use.
2) Soaking Cordyceps collected from wild in 75% ethanol for 3 min, taking out, washing with sterile water, planting in sterile soil, and collecting strain.
3) The method comprises the following steps of exposing humus soil collected from mountain forests to the sun for 3 days, removing impurities such as tree roots and stones, adjusting the humidity of the soil with clean water, and dispersing the humus soil when the humus soil can be kneaded into a cluster and put down by hands.
4) In 5-8 months of each year, 1cm of humidity-adjusted soil is sequentially paved in an insect-raising box 1 which is arranged indoors and has the length of 40cm, the width of 28cm, the height of 14cm and a cover, 1000 worm eggs are uniformly scattered on ginseng fruits after 1kg of fresh ginseng fruits are dug from the field or purchased, finally 1cm of soil is scattered on the upper layer, and the ginseng fruits are covered with a cover and stored in a cool and shady place with the temperature lower than 20 ℃; moving to the outdoor for sun drying once a week to avoid direct incidence of solar light at noon, so that the soil temperature is raised to kill bacteria on the surface of the soil and reduce the breeding of mold; keeping the humidity of the soil, and pouring clean water when the soil surface is whitish; after 3 months of cultivation, the breeding device is divided into 12 insect boxes 2, and 50 larvae are in each insect box 2 for standby;
5) mixing Cordyceps strains in soil, sequentially spreading soil containing strains, 0.2kg of herba Herminii and 0.5kg of polygonum barbarum in insect breeding box 2, spreading 1cm of soil on the uppermost layer, covering with a cover, and storing in shade room at a temperature below 25 deg.C; moving to the outdoor for sun drying once a week to avoid direct incidence of solar light at noon, so that the soil temperature is raised to kill bacteria on the surface of the soil and reduce the breeding of mold; keeping the humidity of the soil, and pouring clean water when the soil surface is whitish; the soil temperature is noted in the whole cultivation process, and is kept between 7 ℃; ensuring that sufficient fresh ginseng fruits and polygonum bulbosum are in the soil in the whole cultivation process; after 20 months of cultivation, moving the insect breeding box 2 to an outdoor shade place from March of the third year for further cultivation for 10 days, and when the fruiting body of the cordyceps sinensis grows out of the soil surface within one month, digging the fruiting body of the cordyceps sinensis after the fruiting body exceeds the soil surface by 3cm, removing the surface soil, and air-drying to obtain the finished product of the cordyceps sinensis.
Example 3
1) Culturing hepialus armoricanus pupae collected from the field, forming into moth, inducing male and female moth to copulate and lay eggs, incubating the eggs at proper temperature and humidity, and incubating for about 30 days for later use.
2) Soaking Cordyceps collected from wild in 75% ethanol for 2 min, taking out, washing with sterile water, planting in sterile soil, and collecting strain.
3) The method comprises the steps of exposing humus soil collected from mountain forests to the sun for 4 days, removing impurities such as tree roots and stones, adjusting the humidity of the soil with clean water, and dispersing the humus soil when the humus soil can be kneaded into clusters by hands and put down.
4) In 5-8 months of each year, 1cm of humidity-adjusted soil is sequentially paved in an insect-raising box 1 which is arranged indoors and has the length of 40cm, the width of 28cm, the height of 14cm and a cover, 1000 worm eggs are uniformly scattered on ginseng fruits after 1kg of fresh ginseng fruits are dug from the field or purchased, finally 1cm of soil is scattered on the upper layer, and the ginseng fruits are covered with a cover and stored in a cool and shady place with the temperature lower than 20 ℃; moving to the outdoor for sun drying once a week to avoid direct incidence of solar light at noon, so that the soil temperature is raised to kill bacteria on the surface of the soil and reduce the breeding of mold; keeping the humidity of the soil, and pouring clean water when the soil surface is whitish; after 2.5 months of cultivation, the breeding device is divided into 15 boxes of insect breeding boxes 2, and 40-50 larvae are in each box of insect breeding box 2 for later use;
5) mixing Cordyceps strains in soil, sequentially spreading soil containing strains, 0.2kg of herba Herminii and 0.5kg of polygonum barbarum in insect breeding box 2, spreading 1cm of soil on the uppermost layer, covering with a cover, and storing in shade room at a temperature below 25 deg.C; moving to the outdoor for sun drying once a week to avoid direct incidence of solar light at noon, so that the soil temperature is raised to kill bacteria on the surface of the soil and reduce the breeding of mold; keeping the humidity of the soil, and pouring clean water when the soil surface is whitish; the soil temperature is noted in the whole cultivation process, and is kept between 13 ℃; ensuring that sufficient fresh ginseng fruits and polygonum bulbosum are in the soil in the whole cultivation process; after 18 months of cultivation, moving the insect breeding box 2 to an outdoor shade place from March of the third year for further cultivation for 20 days, and when the fruiting body of the cordyceps sinensis grows out of the soil surface within one month, digging the fruiting body of the cordyceps sinensis after the fruiting body exceeds the soil surface by 3cm, removing the surface soil, and air-drying to obtain the finished product of the cordyceps sinensis.
Example 4
1) Culturing hepialus armoricanus pupae collected from the field, forming into moth, inducing male and female moth to copulate and lay eggs, incubating the eggs at proper temperature and humidity, and incubating for about 30 days for later use.
2) Soaking Cordyceps collected from wild in 75% ethanol for 2.5 min, taking out, washing with sterile water, planting in sterile soil, and collecting strain.
3) The method comprises the steps of exposing humus soil collected from mountain forests to the sun for 3.5 days, removing tree roots, stones and other impurities, adjusting the humidity of the soil with clean water, and dispersing the humus soil when the humus soil can be kneaded into clusters by hands and put down.
4) In 5-8 months of each year, 1cm of humidity-adjusted soil is sequentially paved in an insect-raising box 1 which is arranged indoors and has the length of 40cm, the width of 28cm, the height of 14cm and a cover, 1000 worm eggs are uniformly scattered on ginseng fruits after 1kg of fresh ginseng fruits are dug from the field or purchased, finally 1cm of soil is scattered on the upper layer, and the ginseng fruits are covered with a cover and stored in a cool and shady place with the temperature lower than 20 ℃; moving to the outdoor for sun drying once a week to avoid direct incidence of solar light at noon, so that the soil temperature is raised to kill bacteria on the surface of the soil and reduce the breeding of mold; keeping the humidity of the soil, and pouring clean water when the soil surface is whitish; after 2 months of cultivation, the breeding device is divided into 14 insect boxes 2, and 40-50 larvae are in each insect box 2 for later use;
5) mixing Cordyceps strains in soil, sequentially spreading soil containing strains, 0.2kg of herba Herminii and 0.5kg of polygonum barbarum in insect breeding box 2, spreading 1cm of soil on the uppermost layer, covering with a cover, and storing in shade room at a temperature below 25 deg.C; moving to the outdoor for sun drying once a week to avoid direct incidence of solar light at noon, so that the soil temperature is raised to kill bacteria on the surface of the soil and reduce the breeding of mold; keeping the humidity of the soil, and pouring clean water when the soil surface is whitish; the soil temperature is noted in the whole cultivation process, and the soil temperature is kept between 15 ℃; ensuring that sufficient fresh ginseng fruits and polygonum bulbosum are in the soil in the whole cultivation process; after 17 months of cultivation, moving the insect breeding box 2 to an outdoor shade place from March of the third year for further cultivation for 20 days, and when the fruiting body of the cordyceps sinensis grows out of the soil surface within one month, digging the fruiting body of the cordyceps sinensis after the fruiting body exceeds the soil surface by 3cm, removing the surface soil, and air-drying to obtain the finished product of the cordyceps sinensis.
The invention effectively reduces the technical difficulty of artificial tending of the cordyceps sinensis and has high popularization; the method can be used for cultivating the cordyceps sinensis in the courtyards and houses of the vast rural and herdsmen in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau with the altitude of 2000-4000 meters and the highest annual temperature of below 20 ℃, wherein the cordyceps sinensis is convenient for family feeding, so that the mixed bacteria on the surface of the soil are killed in a sun-drying mode, and the breeding of the mould is reduced.
The cultivation environment of the invention is close to the natural environment, the production area is close to the original place of the cordyceps sinensis, the cultivation time is 18-20 months, the operation is simple, the environment can be satisfied in the courtyard and house of vast farmers and herdsmen in Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the labor intensity is not large, the invention is suitable for the middle-aged and the old and women farmers and herdsmen to be in the home, and the income is increased.

Claims (10)

1. A method for cultivating cordyceps sinensis in a family mode is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) sequentially spreading soil and ginseng fruit in an indoor insect box 1 within 5-8 months of each year, spreading the eggs of the hepialus armoricanus larvae on the upper layer, spreading a layer of soil, sun-drying once every week, and dividing the eggs into 12-18 insect boxes 2 for later use after 2-3 months of cultivation;
2) mixing Cordyceps sinensis strains in soil, sequentially paving soil with the strains, ginseng fruits and polygonum barbarum in the insect breeding box 2, culturing for 16-20 months, moving the insect breeding box 2 to an outdoor shade from March of the third year, continuously culturing for 10-30 days, digging the fruiting bodies of Cordyceps sinensis after the fruiting bodies exceed the soil surface by 3cm, removing the surface soil, and air drying to obtain the Cordyceps sinensis finished product.
2. The method for family cultivation of cordyceps sinensis according to claim 1, wherein the humidity of the soil in the step 1) is 30% -40%.
3. The method for family cultivation of cordyceps sinensis according to claim 1, wherein the amount of ginseng fruit in step 1) is 0.8-1.2 kg.
4. The method for home-cultivation of cordyceps sinensis according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the soil in steps 1) -2) is 0.8-1.3cm, preferably 1 cm.
5. The method for family cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the hepialus larva eggs in step 1) is 800-1200, preferably 1000.
6. The method for home-cultivation of cordyceps sinensis according to claim 1, wherein the indoor temperature in step 1) is 10-20 ℃.
7. The method for cultivating Cordyceps sinensis in family according to claim 1, wherein 40-50 larvae are present in each insect-raising box 2 of step 1).
8. The method for family cultivation of cordyceps sinensis according to claim 1, wherein the amount of ginseng fruit of step 2) is 0.3-0.5kg, preferably 0.2 kg.
9. The method for cultivating cordyceps sinensis in a home manner according to claim 1, wherein the amount of polygonum barbarum in step 2) is 0.5-1.0kg, preferably 0.5 kg.
10. The method for home-cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis according to claim 1, wherein the soil temperature is 7-16 ℃ during the whole cultivation process.
CN201911150476.2A 2019-11-21 2019-11-21 Method for cultivating cordyceps sinensis at home Pending CN110810120A (en)

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Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN103478080A (en) * 2013-07-12 2014-01-01 重庆市中药研究院 Genus rejuvenation culture method for artificially-cultured cordyceps sinensis host insects
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CN103478080A (en) * 2013-07-12 2014-01-01 重庆市中药研究院 Genus rejuvenation culture method for artificially-cultured cordyceps sinensis host insects
CN103918480A (en) * 2014-04-11 2014-07-16 钱志强 Artificial culturing method for cordyceps sinensis
CN104322451A (en) * 2014-08-20 2015-02-04 广东省昆虫研究所 Manual low-altitude raising method for host insect hepialidae of ophiocordyceps sinensis
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Application publication date: 20200221