CN110803268A - 潜水面罩 - Google Patents

潜水面罩 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110803268A
CN110803268A CN201910711237.3A CN201910711237A CN110803268A CN 110803268 A CN110803268 A CN 110803268A CN 201910711237 A CN201910711237 A CN 201910711237A CN 110803268 A CN110803268 A CN 110803268A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
mask
thermoplastic elastomer
face body
transparent
diving mask
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201910711237.3A
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English (en)
Inventor
厄尔里克·克里斯托夫
塞尔吉奥·安杰利尼
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Mares SpA
Original Assignee
Mares SpA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mares SpA filed Critical Mares SpA
Publication of CN110803268A publication Critical patent/CN110803268A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C11/00—Equipment for dwelling or working underwater; Means for searching for underwater objects
    • B63C11/02—Divers' equipment
    • B63C11/12—Diving masks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B33/00—Swimming equipment attachable to the head, e.g. swim caps or goggles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B33/00—Swimming equipment attachable to the head, e.g. swim caps or goggles
    • A63B33/002—Swimming goggles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81463—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint
    • B29C66/81465—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint one placed behind the other in a single row in the feed direction
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    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/91231—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the joining tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9131—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
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    • B29C66/9231—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the displacement of the joining tools
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
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    • B65B51/14—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof by reciprocating or oscillating members
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    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种潜水面罩，其包括通过共同模制至少两种不同的热塑性弹性体而制成的面部主体和允许观察并旨在覆盖眼睛区域的至少一个透明元件，所述透明元件由热塑性弹性体形成，所述热塑性弹性体具有相对较大的硬度等级，并且所述面部主体由热塑性弹性体形成，所述热塑性弹性体具有相对较小的硬度等级。

Description

潜水面罩
技术领域
本发明涉及用于游泳和水上运动的装备，并且尤其涉及潜水面罩。
背景技术
目前市场上的潜水面罩通常由面部主体构成，所述面部主体由适于密封地粘附到使用者的面部的材料制成，通常由弹性材料制成，该弹性材料通常是硅树脂类型，所述面部主体设有一个或两个开口以分别容纳一个或两个透明元件，通过所述一个或两个透明元件，允许使用者观察，并且所述面部主体能够通过与通常由诸如尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯等的热塑性材料制成的坚硬框架协作来实现围绕所述透明元件的密封；借助于绑带，将面罩放置在使用者的头部上，该绑带通常由与面罩的面部主体的材料相同的材料制成。
一方面，如果通常由钢化玻璃制成的透明元件在刚度和透明度方面提供了最好的保证，则另一方面，除了制造成本明显相当可观以及关于材料的脆弱性和重量相关的问题之外，该类型的装备容易受到相应底座中的密封问题的影响。
由于必须始终补偿压力(即，在面罩的外侧和内侧之间相等)，以防止眼睛从眼窝脱出，因此耐压性不是关键因素，而一定的刚度对于避免变形是有用的，例如，通过拉动将面罩固定到头部的绑带来实现。在没有足够刚度的情况下，透明元件的变形或两个透明元件之间相对于彼此的分开将导致图像变形，这会使视线混淆。此外，假定面部主体和绑带也能够在相同模具中进行制造，则用于制造该类型的潜水面罩的处理步骤基本上为四个组件提供了三种不同的路径，并且因此以一个组装步骤进行组装。
为了实现具有简化结构和构造并因此具有较低制造成本的潜水面罩，并且确保良好的可视性和在使用者的面部上的有效密封，在文献IT1343719中提出了通过使用具有不同厚度进行模制的唯一材料而制成一体的面罩，其中目的在于实现具有适当透明度的透明元件和能够与使用者的面部正确相互作用的面部主体。
除了关于该解决方案的功效的理论性质的考虑之外，实际上很少有材料允许(取决于所使用的厚度)实现面部主体的周边密封所必需的足够的柔韧性以及足够的刚度，以允许通过透明元件实现无变形的并且清晰的视觉。在该文献中，似乎优先解决方案是使用铂有机硅，这是一种在与用户的相互作用方面具有最佳品质的材料，因为它被批准用于食品使用并且是明显耐老化和耐侵蚀性化学品，但该材料也特别柔软(肖氏A硬度30-70)。因此，虽然非常适合于制作面罩的面部主体，但它似乎不太适合于制造透明元件。在上述文献中报道的另一种优选塑料材料是PVC(聚氯乙烯)，然而，PVC在化学上比硅橡胶惰性更差并且相对更硬(通过使用增塑剂，肖氏A硬度约为65)；因此，这些特性使得PVC更适于制作透明元件，但不太适于制作面罩的面部主体。此外，出于各种原因，总的趋势是使用较少的PVC。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目标在于提供一种简单且经济生产的潜水面罩，其同时能够在透明元件的功效和面部主体的舒适性和功能性方面提供最佳性能，并且在可能损坏方面也较不易碎，并且在该潜水面罩的运输期间能够承受高弹性变形，而不会丧失功能性技术特性。
因此，本发明的目的在于一种潜水面罩，其包括通过共同模制至少两种不同的热塑性弹性体来制作的面部主体和至少一个透明元件，所述透明元件由热塑性弹性体形成，该热塑性弹性体具有相对较大的硬度等级，并且所述面部主体由热塑性弹性体形成，该热塑性弹性体具有与透明元件的硬度等级相比相对较低的硬度等级。
在优选实施例中，形成面罩的所述一个透明元件的热塑性弹性体或所述多个透明元件的肖氏A硬度在75-95之间，优选为85，而形成面罩的面部主体的热塑性弹性体的肖氏A硬度在35-55之间，优选为45，或肖氏D硬度在30-65之间，优选为45。
有利地是，所述热塑性弹性体均为苯乙烯的共聚物，并且特别是苯乙烯/乙烯-丁烯/苯乙烯或苯乙烯/乙烯/丁基/苯乙烯共聚物。
在本发明的另一个实施例中，所述潜水面罩还包括相对较硬的框架，其也与一个或多个透明元件以及面部主体共同模制，该框架由肖氏D硬度在50-70之间并且优选为60的热塑性弹性体制成。
在一个实施例中，这种热塑性弹性体是烯烃，诸如乙烯/丙烯/丙烯聚丙烯的共聚物，聚合物和聚烯烃共聚物的组合，或者这种热塑性弹性体由聚碳酸酯或尼龙构成，或当彼此相容时，由这些材料的组合构成。
在实施例变型中，所述框架在所述一个或多个透明元件与所述面部主体之间制成。
替代地是，框架被共同模制在彼此直接联接的所述面部主体和所述一个或多个透明元件两者上。
本领域技术人员应明白，根据本发明的面罩如何也能够设置多于两个的透明元件，诸如例如在根据现有技术制作的全景面罩中出现的那样，在该全景面罩中，在面罩主体的面向嘴部的区域中和/或在面罩主体的面向前额的区域中和/或在面向双耳的两侧区域中为每只眼睛都提供一个另外的透明元件，并且其能够以任何数量和布置结构提供所述另外的透明元件的任何组合。
在替代实施例中，或与所述的一个或多个实施例组合，还能够制作仅一个透明元件或两个透明元件，每个透明元件都以杯子或多边形半壳形式与眼睛相关联，诸如例如在游泳护目镜中已知的并且在同一所有人的专利申请EP3194034中所述的那样。
在这种情况下，对于具有两个透明元件(每个透明元件与利用相应的一只眼睛观察相关联)，即，具有两个透明元件的面罩，多边形半壳式透明元件的边缘将提供刚度并且能够至少部分地防止用第三种材料包塑成型整个框架。因此，替代地是，该框架能够延伸透明元件的周边边缘的至少一部分而不是所述周边边缘的整个延伸部，并且至少对于一些部分是与面罩主体的材料相同的材料，可能在至少一些区域中具有更大的材料厚度。
另外的替代方案能够包括这些变型的组合，这些变型由下列构成：加强框架，其由第三材料制成，并且延伸所述一个或多个透明元件的形状的一定长度；在粘附区域中具有更大厚度的面罩主体的一部分；以及所述一个或多个透明元件的周边边缘的至少一部分，它们被设置在与所述框架的区段以及透明元件的折叠边缘重合、部分重合和/或不重合的位置中，所述折叠边缘至少在这个/这些透明元件的一些区域中延伸，所述区域也处于与所述框架的上述区段所设在的和/或具有面罩主体的较厚区域的区域重合、部分重合和/或不重合的位置中。
这种组合的定义取决于面罩的形状、取决于意图的用途并且能够由本领域技术人员在简单设计活动的背景下基于经验进行限定。
附图说明
参考附图，根据本发明的潜水面罩的其它优点和特征将在以下对本发明的通过示例而非限制的方式做出的一些实施例的描述中变得更加清楚，在附图中：
图1是根据本发明的潜水面罩的第一实施例的透视图；
图2是图1的面罩的纵向截面中的多个部分的透视图；
图3是图1的面罩的横截面的中的多个部分的透视图；
图4是根据本发明的潜水面罩的第二实施例的透视图；
图5是图4的面罩的纵向截面中的多个部分的透视图；
图6是图4的面罩的横截面中的多个部分的透视图；
图7是根据本发明的面罩的实施例变型的横截面中的多个部分的透视图；并且
图8是图7的面罩的纵向截面中的多个部分的透视图。
具体实施方式
图1中示出了根据本发明的潜水面罩的第一实施例；1表示面罩的面部主体，而2表示唯一的透明元件，其由两个凸起102和桥接部202形成，并且该透明元件延伸，以便与使用者的两只眼睛的区域重叠。在图2中，示出面罩在纵向截面中的多个部分，并且该面罩能够区分出面部主体1的唇部101，其意图在使用者的面部上施加密封，以及能够看到主体1的周边边缘201与透明元件2的桥接部202的周边边缘212之间的接触表面。在图3中，也示出了主体1的周边边缘201与透明元件2的凸起102的周边边缘112之间的接触表面，在图3中相同的部分相应于相同的附图标记。
图4中示出了本发明的面罩的第二实施例；1还表示面罩的面部主体，在这个例子下，该面部主体具有框架3和彼此独立的一对透明元件4，并且透明元件基本上与两只眼睛中的相应的一只眼睛的区域重合。在图5中示出了面罩在纵向截面中的多个部分，并且除了主体1的唇部101之外。还示出了主体1的周边边缘201与框架3的周边边缘103之间的接触表面。在图6中，也示出了框架3的内边缘203与透明元件4的周边边缘104之间的接触表面，在图6中，相同的部分相应于相同的附图标记。
在图7中所示的变型中，除了与框架5的内边缘105的接触表面206之外，水晶玻璃6还具有与主体1的周边边缘201的接触表面106。框架5的所述边缘105进一步与面部主体1的表面301接触；在图8中突出显示了在两个透明元件6之间的区域中面部主体1的表面301与框架5的边缘105之间的接触。
根据本发明的面罩的结构将在下文中将变得更清楚。在图1至3的实施例中，示出了通过共同模制适合于该类型的工艺并且易于彼此联接的两种热塑性弹性体材料而制成的面罩。用于制作唯一透明元件2的热塑性弹性体优选地是设有在75-95之间的肖氏A硬度，并且更优选为约85。这样，唯一透明元件2能够向面罩的结构赋予足够的刚度，使得防止使用者的视线上的变形或与面罩的结构的可戴性有关的问题。面部主体1由热塑性弹性体制成，该热塑性弹性体具有明显较低的肖氏A硬度，其在35-55之间，优选为45，使得允许面部主体本身，并且尤其是唇部101更好地粘附到使用者的面部。在热塑性弹性体中，能够优选的是苯乙烯的共聚物，并且特别是所谓的SEBS，即苯乙烯/乙烯-丁烯/苯乙烯或苯乙烯/乙烯/丁基/苯乙烯共聚物。
通过仅使用两种材料，基本上必需为双眼都选择唯一透明元件。
通过使用两个透明元件，诸如在图4至图6的双目面罩的情况下，与前述的用于透明元件和面罩主体的仅两种材料相结合，透明元件的刚度与面部主体的刚度之间的差异将趋向于使两个透明元件分开(特别是当在绑带上施加应变时)。为了避免该缺点，设想了一种面罩，在该面罩中，提供了也是共同模制的另一组件，其针对所述玻璃中的一种玻璃使用甚至更硬的热塑性弹性体。
在图4至图6所示的实施例中，使用框架3，框架3在其内部容纳透明元件4，而框架3在外部与面部主体1协作。这样，两个透明元件被充分地支撑，并且它们的焦平面以及面罩的面部主体也不会受变形的影响，即使在拉动绑带时也是如此。用于框架的热塑性弹性体的肖氏D硬度想50-70之间，并且优选为约60；在热塑性弹性体中，优选的是烯烃，尤其是共聚物，例如乙烯/丙烯/丙烯三元共聚物。
在图7和8的实施例变型中，在这个例子下，能够由与针对框架3所描述的材料相同的材料制成的框架5不用作透明元件6和面部主体1之间的连接的链接部，而是在透明元件的上述主体的外部提供它的加强支撑。
总之，使用不同的热塑性材料允许针对使用者的需要更好地调节面罩的不同区域的特性；利用根据本发明所采用的解决方案，由于所使用的热塑性弹性体的固有特性，密封唇101能够更好地粘附到使用者的面部，而透明元件的硬度相反足以提供有效的视线；框架为组件提供了进一步的刚度。
根据另一个实施例，在根据图1至3的面罩的情况下，也能够设置由上述另外的第三热塑性弹性体制成的框架，在该框架中，透明元件被制成一体并且对于双眼来说是唯一的。
此外，热塑性弹性体通常没有在面罩内部雾化方面的问题，这一特征使它们与硅橡胶明显不同。
这样，所设想的面罩结合了制造简单性和节省性以及可戴性和可视性的最佳特性。

Claims (7)

1.一种潜水面罩，所述潜水面罩包括面部主体和至少一个透明元件，所述面部主体和所述至少一个透明元件通过共同模制至少两种不同的热塑性弹性体而制成，使用者通过所述至少一个透明元件进行观察，所述至少一个透明元件由热塑性弹性体形成，所述热塑性弹性体具有相对较大的硬度等级，并且所述面部主体由热塑性弹性体形成，相对于所述至少一个透明元件的硬度等级，所述面部主体具有相对较低的硬度等级。
2.根据权利要求1所述的潜水面罩，其中，形成所述至少一个透明元件的或形成至少两个透明元件的所述热塑性弹性体具有的肖氏A硬度在75-95之间，优选是85，所述至少两个透明元件每个都专用于通过一只眼睛进行观察，而形成所述面罩的所述面部主体的所述热塑性弹性体的肖氏A硬度在35-55之间，优选是45。
3.根据权利要求2所述的潜水面罩，其中，所述热塑性弹性体均为苯乙烯的共聚物，并且特别是苯乙烯/乙烯-丁烯/苯乙烯或苯乙烯/乙烯/丁基/苯乙烯共聚物。
4.根据上述权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的潜水面罩，其中，所述潜水面罩还包括相对较硬的框架，所述框架也与所述至少一个透明元件和/或与所述至少两个透明元件以及所述面部主体共同模制，所述框架由肖氏D硬度在50-70之间并且优选为60的热塑性弹性体制成。
5.根据权利要求4所述的潜水面罩，其中，所述热塑性弹性体是烯烃，诸如乙烯/丙烯/丙烯聚丙烯的共聚物，或聚合物和聚烯烃共聚物的组合，或者所述热塑性弹性体由聚碳酸酯或尼龙构成或在彼此相容时由这些材料的组合构成。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的潜水面罩，其中，所述框架在所述至少一个透明元件或所述至少两个透明元件与所述面部主体之间制成。
7.根据权利要求4或5所述的潜水面罩，其中，所述框架被共同模制在彼此直接联接的所述面部主体和所述至少一个透明元件或所述至少两个透明元件两者上。
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