CN110771758B

CN110771758B - Bumblebee pollen feed and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN110771758B
Application number: CN201911177319.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 牛庆生; 刘玉玲; 李杰銮; 徐凯; 王振伟; 牛犇
Original assignee: Apiculture Science Institute Of Jilin Province (jilin Honeybee Product Quality Management Supervise Station Jilin Honeybee Heredity Resource Gene Protection Center)
Current assignee: Apiculture Science Institute Of Jilin Province (jilin Honeybee Product Quality Management Supervise Station Jilin Honeybee Heredity Resource Gene Protection Center)
Priority date: 2019-11-26
Filing date: 2019-11-26
Publication date: 2023-08-01
Anticipated expiration: 2039-11-26
Also published as: CN110771758A

Abstract

The invention discloses a bumblebee pollen feed and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of bumblebee feeds. The feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of Bt protein, 50-65 parts of mixed pollen, 10-20 parts of spirulina powder, 5-10 parts of ginger powder, 10-30 parts of mixed polypeptide powder, 1-5 parts of probiotics and 30-50 parts of sterile water. The feed is prepared by mixing, sterilizing and adding probiotics for fermentation. The beneficial effects obtained by the invention are as follows: through reasonable proportion, the feed suitable for the growth and development of the bumblebees is provided, the requirements of protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin and trace elements in the growth process are met, the ingredients of the raw materials are synergistically enhanced, the resistance of the bumblebees is enhanced, and the survival period of the bumblebees is prolonged.

Description

Bumblebee pollen feed and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, in particular to a bumblebee pollen feed and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The bumblebee has the characteristics of capability of annual breeding, strong acquisition capability, low temperature resistance, weak phototaxis, strong moisture resistance, undeveloped information communication system, large acoustic shock and the like, thereby becoming a main pollinating insect, and having great significance in researching the raising and feed of the bumblebee.

In nature, bumblebees are maintained to survive by collecting nutrient substances in pollen and nectar of host plants, and have the capability of preferentially selecting and accessing plants with high sugar content in nectar or high protein content in pollen or high amino acid and sterol content. However, during artificial feeding, there are still some problems: (1) low resistance and easy infection by diseases; (2) short survival period; (3) The existing pollen feed uses single pollen or has unreasonable proportion.

Therefore, how to provide a feed which can enhance the resistance of bumblebees, prolong the survival time and has reasonable nutrition proportion is a problem which needs to be solved by the technicians in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the invention provides a bumblebee pollen feed and a preparation method thereof.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the bumblebee pollen feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of Bt protein, 50-65 parts of mixed pollen, 10-20 parts of spirulina powder, 5-10 parts of ginger powder, 10-30 parts of mixed polypeptide powder, 1-5 parts of probiotics and 30-50 parts of sterile water.

Bt proteins are toxic to a variety of insects such as lepidoptera, coleopteran, dipteran, and the like.

Because the protein content and the amino acid composition in different pollens are greatly different, pollens from different sources have important influence on the growth and development of bumblebees, and the mixed pollens are more beneficial to the growth and propagation of bumblebees compared with single pollens.

Spirulina contains a variety of amino acids: isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, etc., and further contains fat, carbohydrate, chlorophyll, carotenoid, phycocyanin, vitamins, etc.

The ginger powder contains curcumin, has the effects of diminishing inflammation, resisting oxidation and inhibiting bacteria, and can improve the immunity of bumblebees.

The polypeptide is peptide containing less than 10 amino acids, and has physiological functions of promoting growth, regulating immunity, resisting bacteria and viruses, stimulating appetite, etc. The addition of the polypeptide powder to the feed has significant effects on bumblebee feed conversion rate, survival rate, reproductive capacity and the like.

Probiotics are active microorganisms beneficial to hosts, and are general names of active beneficial microorganisms which colonize intestinal tracts and reproductive systems of animals and can generate definite health effects so as to improve the micro-ecological balance of the hosts and exert beneficial effects. The bumblebee can not only inhibit the generation of harmful bacteria in the intestines, but also provide a good growth environment for beneficial bacteria in the intestines, thus bringing about a healthy intestinal system. After the bumblebee ingests the feed, the nutritional value of the feed is effectively improved, so that the bumblebee has higher immunity and the morbidity is reduced.

According to the technical scheme, the feed suitable for the growth and development of the bumblebees is provided through reasonable proportion, the requirements of the bumblebees on proteins, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and microelements in the growth process are met, the ingredients of the raw materials are synergistic, the resistance of the bumblebees is enhanced, and the survival period of the bumblebees is prolonged.

The bumblebee pollen feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 26 parts of Bt protein, 55 parts of mixed pollen, 18 parts of spirulina powder, 7 parts of ginger powder, 16 parts of mixed polypeptide powder, 3 parts of probiotics and 45 parts of sterile water.

Preferably, the mixed pollen comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-25 parts of chestnut pollen, 15-30 parts of corn poppy pollen, 10-20 parts of gardenia pollen and 25-40 parts of rape pollen.

The chestnut pollen contains 16 amino acids with the amino acid content of 3.7 percent.

The corn poppy pollen contains a plurality of amino acids: aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, cystine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, arginine, tryptophan.

The gardenia pollen contains 17 amino acids, and the mass fraction of the gardenia pollen exceeds 5.0mg/g and comprises aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glycine, alanine and leucine.

The rape pollen contains 18 amino acids (such as threonine, methionine, valine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, tryptophan, arginine, histidine, etc.), 11 vitamins, 23 minerals, lipids and sugar, and flavonoid compounds, nucleic acid, hormone, antiviral substances, various enzymes and coenzymes.

Preferably, the mixed polypeptide powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of sea buckthorn active polypeptide powder, 30-55 parts of medlar active polypeptide powder, 10-18 parts of hawthorn active polypeptide powder and 8-25 parts of longan active polypeptide powder.

A preparation method of bumblebee pollen feed comprises the following steps:

(1) Sieving Bt protein, mixed pollen, spirulina powder, rhizoma Zingiberis recens powder and mixed polypeptide powder with 200 mesh sieve respectively, weighing, and mixing to obtain mixture A;

(2) Sterilizing the mixture A by microwaves for later use;

(3) And mixing the sterilized mixture A with sterile water to obtain a mixture B, adding probiotics, and performing sealed fermentation to obtain a finished product.

Microwave sterilization belongs to physical sterilization, and is safe and harmless; under the same condition, the microwave sterilization lethal temperature is lower than that of the traditional heating sterilization without preheating, and the sterilization effect is more obvious; the sterilization period is short and the speed is high; can effectively avoid the influence of long-time heating on the quality of the feed.

The pollen is fermented to produce amylase, proteinase, cellulase and other beneficial enzymes, which degrade cell wall and cell membrane to dissolve out cell content, so that macromolecular protein, carbohydrate, fat and other components are degraded into small peptide, amino acid, oligose, free fatty acid, etc. easy to digest and absorb.

Preferably, the microwave sterilization conditions in step (2) are: microwave frequency of 5×10 ² MHz, sterilization time is 5-15s.

Preferably, the fermentation conditions in step (3) are: the fermentation temperature is 25-37 ℃ and the fermentation time is 10-18h.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) Through reasonable proportion, the feed suitable for the growth and development of the bumblebees is provided, the requirements of protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin and trace elements in the growth process are met, the ingredients of the raw materials are synergistically enhanced, the resistance of the bumblebees is enhanced, and the survival period of the bumblebees is prolonged; (2) Microwave sterilization is adopted, so that the influence of long-time heating on the quality of feed is avoided; (3) The pollen is fermented, so that the digestibility and the nutrition of the feed are improved, and the anti-nutritional factors in plants are eliminated.

Detailed Description

The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Raw material sources in examples:

probiotics were purchased from north-na organisms;

sea buckthorn active polypeptide powder is purchased from the Siam Tianrui biotechnology limited company;

the active polypeptide powder of the medlar is purchased from Shaanxi Hana biotechnology Co., ltd;

hawthorn active polypeptide powder is purchased from Ningxia vanilla biotechnology Co., ltd;

longan active polypeptide powder is purchased from Siam Tianrui biotechnology Co.

Example 1

(1) Preparation of mixed pollen: weighing 5kg of chestnut pollen, 15kg of corn poppy pollen, 10kg of gardenia pollen and 25kg of rape pollen, and uniformly mixing for later use.

(2) Preparing mixed polypeptide powder: weighing fructus Hippophae active polypeptide powder 5kg, fructus Lycii active polypeptide powder 30kg, fructus crataegi active polypeptide powder 10kg, and arillus longan active polypeptide powder 8kg, and mixing well for use.

(3) Weighing 20kg of Bt protein, 50kg of mixed pollen, 10kg of spirulina powder, 5kg of ginger powder and 10kg of mixed polypeptide powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture A for later use;

(4) Sterilizing the mixture A with microwave frequency of 5×10 ² MHz, sterilization time 5s.

(5) And mixing the sterilized mixture A with 30kg of sterile water to obtain a mixture B, adding 1kg of probiotics, sealing and fermenting to obtain a finished product, wherein the fermentation temperature is 25 ℃ and the fermentation time is 10 hours.

Example 2

(1) Preparation of mixed pollen: weighing 25kg of chestnut pollen, 30kg of corn poppy pollen, 20kg of gardenia pollen and 40kg of rape pollen, and uniformly mixing for later use.

(2) Preparing mixed polypeptide powder: weighing 10kg of sea buckthorn active polypeptide powder, 55kg of medlar active polypeptide powder, 18kg of hawthorn active polypeptide powder and 25kg of longan active polypeptide powder, and uniformly mixing for later use.

(3) Weighing 30kg of Bt protein, 65kg of mixed pollen, 20kg of spirulina powder, 10kg of ginger powder and 30kg of mixed polypeptide powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture A for later use;

(4) Sterilizing the mixture A with microwave frequency of 5×10 ² MHz, sterilization time 15s.

(5) And mixing the sterilized mixture A with 50kg of sterile water to obtain a mixture B, adding 5kg of probiotics, sealing and fermenting to obtain a finished product, wherein the fermentation temperature is 37 ℃ and the fermentation time is 18 hours.

Example 3

(1) Preparation of mixed pollen: weighing 15kg of chestnut pollen, 18kg of corn poppy pollen, 13kg of gardenia pollen and 28kg of rape pollen, and uniformly mixing for later use.

(2) Preparing mixed polypeptide powder: weighing 7kg of sea buckthorn active polypeptide powder, 40kg of medlar active polypeptide powder, 12kg of hawthorn active polypeptide powder and 16kg of longan active polypeptide powder, and uniformly mixing for later use.

(3) Weighing 26kg of Bt protein, 55kg of mixed pollen, 18kg of spirulina powder, 7kg of ginger powder and 16kg of mixed polypeptide powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture A for later use;

(4) Sterilizing the mixture A with microwave frequency of 5×10 ² MHz, sterilization time 8s.

(5) And (3) mixing the sterilized mixture A with 45kg of sterile water to obtain a mixture B, adding 3kg of probiotics, sealing and fermenting to obtain a finished product, wherein the fermentation temperature is 30 ℃ and the fermentation time is 12 hours.

Comparative example 1

In the step (3), bt protein and ginger powder are not added, and the rest of the operations are the same as in the example 3.

Comparative example 2

The mixed pollen is not required to be prepared in the step (1), the mixed pollen is replaced by rape pollen in the step (3), and the rest of the operations are the same as in the example 3.

Comparative example 3

In the step (5), fermentation treatment was not required, and the other steps were the same as in example 3.

Experiment 1 resistance experiment

(1) The experimental method comprises the following steps: dividing bumblebees into 6 groups, respectively putting the bumblebees into beehives with the same specification for feeding, and respectively feeding the feeds prepared in the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2, the embodiment 3, the comparative example 1, the comparative example 2 and the comparative example 3 of the invention, wherein the feeding humidity is 60-70%, the feeding temperature is 25-29 ℃, and the feeding period is 120d;

(2) Measuring the index: bumblebee blood lymphoprotein content and disease incidence rate of bee mites;

(3) The measuring and calculating method comprises the following steps:

measurement of the amount of haemolymph protein

(1) Taking a bumblebee sample, dissecting and shearing 1 compound eye, leaning one end of a capillary glass tube to a notch to enable blood lymph to slowly flow into the capillary, then lightly blowing the blood lymph in the capillary into an Eppendorf tube of an ice water bath, rapidly covering, centrifuging the small tube at 10000rpm/min for 5min, centrifuging the supernatant again, removing blood cells, sucking the supernatant, filling the supernatant into a new Eppendorf tube, and freezing for later use.

(2) The protein content of the haemolymph samples was determined by the Bradford method.

(II)

(4) Measurement results: the measurement results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 results of resistance experiments

The results in Table 1 show that when the feed prepared by the technical scheme of the invention is fed, the blood lymphoprotein content of bumblebees is obviously higher than that of a control group, and the higher the blood lymphoprotein content is, the stronger the disease resistance is represented. In addition, the incidence rate of bee mites is obviously reduced by adopting the feed for feeding. Therefore, the feed prepared by the invention can improve the disease resistance of bumblebees.

Experiment 2 fertility and survival period experiment

(1) Experimental protocol: 6 sets of honeycombs (2 new honeycombs each, about 80 worker bees per honeycomb) were selected and compared in a rape greenhouse. The first group autonomously collected rape pollen alone, the second group autonomously collected rape pollen and assisted in feeding pollen (mixed pollen prepared in example 3), the third group autonomously collected rape pollen and assisted in feeding the feed of example 3, the fourth group autonomously collected rape pollen and assisted in feeding the feed of comparative example 1, the fifth group autonomously collected rape pollen and assisted in feeding the feed of comparative example 2, and the sixth group autonomously collected rape pollen and assisted in feeding the feed of comparative example 3. Except different feeding conditions, the other feeding conditions are kept consistent.

(2) And (3) observing statistical indexes: (1) after 15d and 30d of raising, counting the number of worker bees of each honeycomb; (2) and (5) counting the survival period of bumblebee worker bees.

(3) The experimental results are shown in tables 2 and 3.

TABLE 2 results of fertility experiments

	First group of	Second group of	Third group of	Fourth group	Fifth group of	Sixth group of
							15d (personal)	95	136	173	145	151	148
30d (personal)	140	195	269	204	226	217

The results in Table 2 show that the feed prepared by the technical scheme of the invention can obviously improve the reproductive capacity of bumblebees.

TABLE 3 survival cycle experimental results

As can be seen from the results in Table 3, the survival period of bumblebees can be remarkably improved by feeding the feed prepared by the technical scheme of the invention.

In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.

The generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. The bumblebee pollen feed is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 26 parts of Bt protein, 55 parts of mixed pollen, 18 parts of spirulina powder, 7 parts of ginger powder, 16 parts of mixed polypeptide powder, 3 parts of probiotics and 45 parts of sterile water;

the mixed pollen consists of the following components in parts by mass: 15 parts of chestnut pollen, 18 parts of corn poppy pollen, 13 parts of gardenia pollen and 28 parts of rape pollen;

the mixed polypeptide powder consists of the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of sea buckthorn active polypeptide powder, 40 parts of medlar active polypeptide powder, 12 parts of hawthorn active polypeptide powder and 16 parts of longan active polypeptide powder;

the preparation method of the bumblebee pollen feed comprises the following steps:

(1) Sieving the Bt protein, the mixed pollen, the spirulina powder, the ginger powder and the mixed polypeptide powder with a 200-mesh sieve respectively, weighing and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture A;

(2) Sterilizing the mixture A by microwave for later use, wherein the microwave frequency is 5×102MHz, and the sterilization time is 8s;

(3) And (3) mixing the sterilized mixture A with sterile water to obtain a mixture B, adding probiotics, and performing sealed fermentation to obtain a finished product, wherein the fermentation temperature is 30 ℃ and the fermentation time is 12 hours.