CN110770072A - 用于运行充电设备的方法 - Google Patents

用于运行充电设备的方法 Download PDF

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CN110770072A
CN110770072A CN201880041580.5A CN201880041580A CN110770072A CN 110770072 A CN110770072 A CN 110770072A CN 201880041580 A CN201880041580 A CN 201880041580A CN 110770072 A CN110770072 A CN 110770072A
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vehicle
charging device
charging
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H.莱格
A.农嫩马赫
H.兰多尔
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于运行充电设备的方法，所述充电设备用于对车辆、优选地电动车辆或混合动力车辆的能量存储器充电，其中该充电设备与有互联网能力的服务器连接。至少一个具有空电池或部分充电的电池的接收方车辆在一个方法步骤中将其充电需求通知给充电设备。此外，至少一个具有至少部分充电的电池的给予方车辆在一个方法步骤中将其充电准备就绪通知给充电设备。

Description

用于运行充电设备的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行充电设备的方法。
背景技术
电动车辆通常具有电能存储器、例如牵引电池，所述电能存储器为驱动提供电能。如果电能存储器完全或部分放电，则电动车辆必须操控充电站，能量存储器在充电站处又可以被充电。至今为此通常的是，在这样的充电站处借助线缆连接将电动车辆连接到充电站上。该连接通常必须不利地由用户手动地建立。在此，也必要的是，充电站和电动车辆具有彼此对应的连接系统。
此外，也零星地已知用于电动车辆的无线缆的充电系统。在电动车辆的感应式充电的情况下，在地面中或在地面上安装有一个或多个线圈（发送线圈）。此外，在电动车辆中同样布置有一个或多个线圈（接收线圈）。如果使电动车辆停止在发送线圈之上，则发送线圈发出交变磁场。该交变磁场由车辆之内的接收线圈接收并且被转换成电能。借助该电能于是可以通过非接触式能量传输对车辆的牵引电池充电。
此外，电动车辆的能量存储器也可以被用于反馈。为此必要时可以使用线缆连接或者也可以使用感应式功率传输。
出版物DE102011010049 A1公开了这种用于对车辆电池充电的系统，其中感应式地传输能量。在现有技术中不利的是，不仅线缆连接的而且无线缆的充电方法都只被用于对相应车辆的牵引电池充电。一些方法包含附加的功能、诸如结算方法，通过所述结算方法将输送给电池的电荷量算在驾驶员账上。此外在现有技术中不利的是，车辆要么只能以线缆连接的方式要么能够感应式地由本地固定安装的充电站充电，必须由驾驶员选择性地驶向所述充电站。而如果车辆由于空牵引电池而抛锚，则该车辆不再能够驶向充电站并且对电池充电。该车辆将必须费事地被拖走。
可以假定，在电动性在几年内日益流行的情况下在世界范围内每年有数百万具有空电池的车辆抛锚。该估计基于ADAC的研究，所述研究表明，仅在德国每年就有大约二十五万没有燃料的车辆抛锚。相应地可以假定，即使在电动汽车的情况下也将出现类似的数字。
因此，存在对如下方法的需求，通过该方法能够省去具有空电池的车辆的拖走。
发明内容
根据本发明的具有权利要求1的特征的方法具有如下优点：拖走具有空牵引电池的车辆是不必要的。
根据本发明，为此提出一种用于运行充电设备的方法，所述充电设备用于对车辆、优选地电动车辆或混合动力车辆的能量存储器充电，其中该充电设备与有互联网能力的服务器连接。至少一个具有空电池或部分充电的电池的接收方车辆在一个方法步骤中将其充电需求通知给充电设备。此外，至少一个具有至少部分充电的电池的给予方车辆在一个方法步骤中将其充电准备就绪通知给充电设备。该方法在接收方车辆的空电池（具有空电池的抛锚车辆或具有部分充电的电池的车辆，所述车辆大概不再到达下一个或所期望的充电站）的情况下使得能够快速地找到任意的给予方车辆，所述给予方车辆具有至少部分充电的电池并且因此可以将其电池电荷的一部分传输给接收方车辆。
相应地，每个电动或混合动力车辆都可以在一定程度上充当“排除故障服务（Pannendienst）”。这在私人使用的车辆的数量在日常交通中明显超过可用的排除故障服务车辆的数量的范围内是附加地有利的。相应地，抛锚的接收方车辆与在其例如必须等待专业排除故障服务时相比明显更快地获得帮助，在专业排除故障服务的情况下等待时间部分地为至少45分钟。
通过在从属权利要求中所提到的措施，在独立权利要求中所说明的方法的有利的改进是可能的。
有利地，接收方车辆和/或给予方车辆经由互联网与充电设备的有互联网能力的服务器通信。电动和混合动力车辆目前具有互联网连接并且因此能够不仅与互联网本身通信而且彼此通信。相应地，不仅充电需求而且充电准备就绪可以借助与有互联网能力的服务器的互联网连接来传达。因此通过各个车辆彼此的联网产生“连接服务（connectedService）”，其中根据本发明的充电设备实现彼此连接。
替代于给予方和接收方车辆经由服务器的连接，车辆之间的连接也可以直接经由车辆对车辆通信、车辆对基础设施通信、经由附加的服务器（例如排除故障服务提供商的附加服务器，该附加服务器又与其排除故障服务车队车辆交换信息）或者经由分散的网络、诸如通过使用块链技术进行。
有利地，有互联网能力的服务器具有云服务、云或云计算。由此，有利地经由充电设备的有互联网能力的服务器提供IT基础设施，而该IT基础设施不必存在安装在相应的接收方或给予方车辆中。相应地，云尤其实现相对于常规系统的成本优点。在使用云服务时，所使用的容量可以可变地与实际需求短期地匹配。这在必须立刻满足外部要求的商业领域、诸如物流中特别适用，如在根据本发明的方法中是这种情况。抛锚车辆的不断波动的总数、如变化的数量要求实时的反应和为了实施所需的容量的连续可用性。由于云的灵活性和可缩放性，对于物流软件所需的资源的提供与目前利用静态系统的情况相比将可以明显更有利和更简单地实现。
此外有利的是，不仅接收方车辆而且给予方车辆将其位置传送给充电设备。接收方车辆和给予方车辆具有GPS并且因此可以定位其位置。该位置借助有互联网能力的服务器传送给充电设备。相应地，充电设备知道接收方车辆和给予方车辆的位置并且可以选择最接近的给予方车辆，以便驶向接收方车辆。
有利地，接收方车辆和给予方车辆将充电能力传送给充电设备。属于充电能力的传送的是信息、诸如相应车辆的插头类型。这在选择适合于接收方车辆的给予方车辆时有帮助。仅仅如下车辆被“配对”，即为了互相充电被选择，所述车辆彼此兼容，即也可以提供合适的插头类型。
此外，接收方车辆和给予方车辆将制造商或车辆类型传送给充电设备。电动车辆根据制造商或车辆类型具有不同的特征。例如，车辆能够输出的高压电压（AC/DC）根据车辆可以不同地得出结果，这限制接收方车辆和给予方车辆的兼容性。
为了实现关于互相充电过程的合适的车辆的选择，对于充电设备而言关于协调需要其他信息。相应地，接收方车辆和给予方车辆将最大可能的充电电流传送给充电设备。由此，对于充电设备可能的是，不仅选择兼容的车辆而且估计充电持续时间并且传送给车辆的驾驶员。
此外，在接收方车辆中估计附加的能量数量，需要所述能量数量以便接收方车辆能够到达其目的地或下一个合适的充电站。这些信息经由充电设备被传输给给予方车辆，并且该给予方车辆利用接收方车辆的附加信息（GPS位置、目的地、充电状态、预期的能量消耗）估计，在给予方车辆中还存在的能量数量是否足以对接收方车辆充分充电并且此外还到达实际导航目的地。
为了使接收方车辆的驾驶员的等待时间保持尽可能小或使给予方车辆的行驶时间同样保持最小，充电设备有利地从接收方车辆和给予方车辆的所传送的信息中确定接收方车辆和给予方车辆的距离。
如果给予方车辆和接收方车辆已将所需的信息（经由GPS的当前位置，所需的电荷、车辆的充电能力、插头类型、最大充电电流、制造商、车辆类型、电流类型（直流电压或交流电压）等）传送给充电设备，则充电设备从这些所传送的信息中确定接收方车辆和给予方车辆的兼容性。
在合适地选择适宜的接收方车辆和给予方车辆之后，充电设备建立在合适的接收方车辆和给予方车辆之间的联系。所述车辆因此与云或云服务联网，但是也可以经由车辆对车辆通信或分散的网络（例如块链）联网。
附图说明
本发明的其他的特征和优点对于本领域技术人员而言从示例性实施方式的随后描述中参考附图变得清楚，然而所述示例性实施方式不应被解释为限制本发明的。
图1示出根据本发明的方法的示意图。
图2示出给予方和接收方车辆的示意图。
在这些图中示出的附图出于清楚明了的原因不一定是按正确比例来绘制的。相同的附图标记一般而言表示相同的或起相同作用的部件。
具体实施方式
图1示出根据本发明的用于运行充电设备10的方法的示意图，所述充电设备用于对车辆13、优选地电动或混合动力车辆的能量存储器12充电。充电设备10与有互联网能力的服务器14连接。在方法步骤A中，具有空（或部分充电的）电池17的接收方车辆15将其充电需求通知给充电设备10。在方法步骤B中，具有至少部分充电的电池18的给予方车辆16将其充电准备就绪通知给充电设备10。
图2示出给予方和接收方车辆的示意图。关于图1相同的元件配备有相同的附图标记并且不更详细地进行解释。如果车辆13、15、例如具有空电池12、17的混合动力或电动车辆抛锚，则本发明应使该“接收方车辆”能够找到车辆13或给予方车辆16，其可以将其至少部分还充电的电池18的其电荷的一部分转移给接收方车辆并且因此给予其电荷的一部分。如果接收方车辆15抛锚，则该接收方车辆与充电设备10通信。该充电设备拥有有互联网能力的服务器14并具有云（云服务、云计算、连接服务）。在充电设备10中运行的服务原则上由如下部件组成：具有空（或至少部分充电的）电池的接收方车辆经由充电设备/云传达充电需求。接收方车辆为此可以自己有互联网能力或该接收方车辆替代地可以使用驾驶员的智能电话。可能的给予方车辆同样利用充电设备10并行地传达其充电能力或充电准备就绪。在充电设备/云中从可用于充电设备10的车辆的信息识别彼此兼容的车辆并且使所述车辆相聚。为此，充电设备支持给予方车辆至接收方车辆的导航。
如果具有空（或部分充电的）电池的接收方车辆15联系充电设备10，则该接收方车辆在此可以利用车辆的“连接模块”。所述连接模块选择性地建立与充电设备10的互联网连接。替代地，接收方车辆15可以经由连接模块也直接联系给予方车辆16。如果建立了与充电设备10的联系，接收方车辆将信息传输给充电设备。属于所述信息的尤其是关于当前位置（例如GPS坐标）、所需的电荷、车辆的充电能力（插头类型、最大可能的充电电流）、制造商、车辆类型等的信息。同样地，可能的给予方车辆同样与充电设备10连接并且同样传送所需的信息、诸如关于当前位置（例如GPS坐标）、充电状态、车辆的充电能力（适配器或插头类型、最大可能的充电电流）、制造商、车辆类型、电流类型（直流电压或交流电压）的信息。
根据必须满足的边界条件、如车辆彼此的距离、给予方车辆16的足够的充电状态或者车辆彼此的兼容性、例如电压或适配器/插头，云中或车辆15中的算法计算给予方车辆和接收方车辆16、15的可能的配对。这些合适的车辆经由云或车对车通信来连接/联系。
在相应合适的给予方车辆16中现在例如在平视显示器中或在导航系统的地图上显示接收方车辆的充电需求状态。同样可以显示附加的信息、诸如绕道、所需的充电时间、车辆类型（对于“品牌社区（Branded Community）”，例如相同车辆制造商的驾驶员互相帮助）。
可能的给予方车辆16的驾驶员现在可以选择，该驾驶员是否想要帮助接收方车辆15。当说明应帮助接收方车辆15时，则导航系统中的当前路线以接收方车辆15为目的地而被改变，并且接收方车辆的驾驶员被通知，援助正在途中。
该服务不仅可以免费地而且可以付费地、例如在包括支付系统在内时进行。作为给予方车辆，不仅可以考虑电动车辆/PHEV的其他驾驶员，也可以考虑专用的车辆、诸如服务提供商的为排除故障援助额外设置的排除故障车辆。接收方车辆与排除故障援助车辆的通信必要时也可以经由排除故障服务提供商的附加的服务器进行。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于运行充电设备（10）的方法，所述充电设备用于对车辆（13）、优选地电动车辆或混合动力车辆的能量存储器（12）充电，其中所述充电设备（10）与有互联网能力的服务器（14）连接，其特征在于，
- 至少一个具有空或至少部分充电的电池（17）的接收方车辆（15）在一个方法步骤（A）中将其充电需求通知给所述充电设备（10）；
- 至少一个具有至少部分充电的电池（18）的给予方车辆（16）在一个方法步骤（B）中将其充电准备就绪通知给所述充电设备（10）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于运行充电设备（10）的方法，其特征在于，所述接收方车辆（15）和/或所述给予方车辆（16）经由互联网与所述充电设备（10）的有互联网能力的服务器（14）通信。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的用于运行充电设备（10）的方法，其特征在于，所述有互联网能力的服务器（14）具有云服务（18）。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的用于运行充电设备（10）的方法，其特征在于，接收方车辆（15）和给予方车辆（16）将其位置传送给所述充电设备。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的用于运行充电设备（10）的方法，其特征在于，接收方车辆（15）和给予方车辆（16）将充电能力传送给所述充电设备（10）。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的用于运行充电设备（10）的方法，其特征在于，接收方车辆（15）和给予方车辆（16）将制造商或车辆类型传送给所述充电设备。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的用于运行充电设备（10）的方法，其特征在于，接收方车辆（15）和给予方车辆（16）将最大可能的充电电流传送给所述充电设备。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的用于运行充电设备（10）的方法，其特征在于，所述接收方车辆（15）将所需的能量数量传送给所述充电设备并且所述给予方车辆（16）将最大可给予的能量数量传送给所述充电设备。
9.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的用于运行充电设备（10）的方法，其特征在于，所述充电设备（10）从所述接收方车辆（15）和给予方车辆（16）的所传送的信息中确定接收方车辆（15）和给予方车辆（16）的距离。
10.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的用于运行充电设备（10）的方法，其特征在于，所述充电设备（10）从所述接收方车辆（15）和给予方车辆（16）的所传送的信息中确定接收方车辆（15）和给予方车辆（16）的兼容性。
11.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的用于运行充电设备（10）的方法，其特征在于，所述充电设备（10）建立在合适的接收方车辆（15）和给予方车辆（16）之间的联系。
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EP3642071A1 (de) 2020-04-29
US11198373B2 (en) 2021-12-14
JP7149297B2 (ja) 2022-10-06
US20200122595A1 (en) 2020-04-23
DE102017210566A1 (de) 2018-12-27
EP3642071B1 (de) 2022-03-23
KR20200019972A (ko) 2020-02-25
KR102577159B1 (ko) 2023-09-12

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