CN110756224A - 一种Nb/W混配型多金属氧酸盐及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种Nb/W混配型多金属氧酸盐及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种Nb/W混配型多金属氧酸盐及其制备方法和应用,该多金属氧酸盐的分子式为Cs11K7[(Ge4W36Nb12O156)Ni(H2O)2]·29H2O,由基本的建筑单元{GeW9Nb3O40}簇和{NiO6}簇芯构成,该多金属氧酸盐是以Cs6.5K0.5[GeW9(NbO2)3O37]·6H2O与NiCl2为主要原料,采用水热合成法制备得到;可以用于光催化剂和光敏剂。本发明的多金属氧酸盐结构新颖、稳定,制备方法步骤简单、反应条件温和,作为光催化剂和光敏剂在光催化产氢中表现出明显的光催化水分解活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于超分子自组装材料领域,涉及一种多金属氧酸盐,具体涉及一种Nb/W混配型多金属氧酸盐及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着不可再生能源的逐渐枯竭和气候变化问题,刺激了对清洁能源系统的研究。从水分解过程中光催化产生氢和氧是将太阳能转化为理想的清洁燃料的潜在可扩展且经济可行的技术。然而水分解为H2和O2需要113.38kcal/mol的高自由能。氢气的释放涉及理想的直接四电子或两个逐步的两个电子过程,这限制了可靠,可重现的光催化剂的数量。目前,大多数催化剂在紫外光下可将水分解为H2和O2,可利用太阳光效率低,鉴于有效地利用阳光,开发用于整体水分解的可见光响应性光催化剂是必不可少的。
含铌多金属氧酸盐是一种独特的阴离子金属氧化物簇,不仅具有显着的结构,而且在医学、催化和核废料处理中具有各种出色的应用。与基于钼或钨的多金属氧酸盐不同,含铌多金属氧酸盐的开发仍处于早期阶段。Lindquist离子[Nb6O19]8-作为铌多酸化学的基石,仅在碱性条件下存在,并且在酸性条件下始终分解为Nb2O5。困难的合成条件和有效前体的选择阻碍了含铌多金属氧酸盐的发展。因此,开发新方法以扩展含铌多金属氧酸盐系列仍然是一个重大挑战。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供一种Nb/W混配型多金属氧酸盐,结构新颖、稳定。
本发明的目的之二是提供上述Nb/W混配型多金属氧酸盐的制备方法,步骤简单。
本发明的目的之二是提供上述Nb/W混配型多金属氧酸盐的催化应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:一种Nb/W混配型多金属氧酸盐,所述多金属氧酸盐的分子式为Cs11K7[(Ge4W36Nb12O156)Ni(H2O)2]·29H2O,命名为Nb/W-POM,是由中心{NiO6}单元和四个{GeNb3W9O40}单元形成的四聚体,四个{GeNb3W9O40}亚基分别通过四个Nb-O-Nb桥和两个(Nb)Ot-Ni-Ot(Nb)桥连接。
本发明还提供上述Nb/W混配型多金属氧酸盐的制备方法,采用水热合成法,具体步骤如下:将一定量的Cs6.5K0.5[GeW9(NbO2)3O37]·6H2O与NiCl2混合,装在玻璃瓶中,将玻璃瓶置于盛有盐酸的聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,在120摄氏度下保温反应72小时,之后缓慢冷却至室温,洗涤,晾干得到浅绿色晶体即为Nb/W混配型多金属氧酸盐。
优选的,Cs6.5K0.5[GeW9(NbO2)3O37]·6H2O与NiCl2的摩尔比为1:1。
优选的,所述盐酸的浓度为1mol/L。
本发明还提供上述Nb/W混配型多金属氧酸盐在制备光解水制氢催化剂方面的应用。
将Nb/W-POM作为光敏剂和催化剂,CH3OH作为牺牲电子供体,Pt作为H2助催化剂。在具有搅拌装置和水循环装置的Pyrex内部辐照型反应容器中进行光催化反应。使用氩气置换管内的空气,然后使用500W Xe灯作为产生H2的光源。使用带有热导检测器和分子筛柱(2mm x 2mm)的GC9800仪器分析生成的H2。
结果表明,Nb/W-POM在光催化的光收集中起决定性作用,且结构稳定。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
1.本发明的Nb/W混配型多金属氧酸盐结构新颖、稳定。
2.本发明的多金属氧酸盐的制备过程简单,对设备要求低,反应条件温和。
3.本发明的多金属氧酸盐用作光解水制氢催化剂,表现出明显的光催化水分解活性,表明了在光催化制氢领域具有良好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为阴离子的多面体视图(a);阴离子的球状表示法(b),配色方案:{WO6}八面体,{NbO6}八面体,{GeO4}四面体,{NiO6}八面体;(c),(d),(e)和(f)为W6+(1),Ni2+(1),Nb5+(2)和Ge4+(1)的配位几何框架。
图2为Nb/W-POM化合物光解水前后的红外光谱图(上部的曲线为晶体红外曲线,下部的曲线为样品光解水反应后的红外曲线)。
图3为Nb/W-POM化合物光解水前后的紫外光谱图(上部的曲线为晶体紫外曲线,下部的曲线为样品光解水反应后的紫外曲线)。
图4为Nb/W-POM的TGA曲线图。
图5为Nb/W-POM的X-射线粉末衍射图(上部的曲线为实测XRD曲线,下部的曲线为模拟XRD曲线)。
图6为在500W Xe灯下,在含H2PtCl6(1.2mg)和20%CH3OH的溶液(215mL)中,在不同浓度的样品中氢气析出的时间过程(a),在500W Xe灯下盛有样品(27mg)和H2PtCl6(1.2mg)的溶液(215mL)中,在不同CH3OH的浓度中氢气析出的时间过程(b),在500W Xe下在含20%CH3OH的溶液(215mL)中,不同光催化系统中的氢气析出的时间过程(c)。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。以下实施例中所用的原料和试剂如无特殊说明,均为市售商品,纯度为分析纯及以上。
实施例1:化合物Nb/W-POM的制备
将100mg Cs6.5K0.5[GeW9(NbO2)3O37]·6H2O与7mg NiCl2混合,装在约5厘米高的小玻璃瓶中,将小玻璃瓶至于盛有2毫升(1.0M)盐酸的聚四氟乙烯的釜芯中,再将反应釜置于可程序控温的烘箱中,以5摄氏度每分钟的升温速度升至120摄氏度,并在120摄氏度下保温72小时,之后缓慢冷却至室温,将小玻璃瓶中的固体倒入烧杯中,乙醇洗涤数次,在空气中晾干。最终得到浅绿色块状晶体,即Nb/W-POM化合物。
分别利用红外光谱、紫外光谱、热重分析和X-射线多晶衍射对得到的产物进行分析,图2为Nb/W-POM的红外光谱图,出现在880cm-1、660cm-1、520cm-1处的峰分别源自υO-O,υsym NbO2和υasym NbO2拉伸振动;628cm-1处的峰表明存在Nb-O-Nb桥。图3为Nb/W-POM的紫外光谱图,表明该化合物在近紫外区有吸收。图4为Nb/W-POM的TGA曲线图,没有明显坍塌现象,进一步表明Nb/W-POM的稳定性。图5是本实施例制得的Nb/W-POM的X-射线粉末衍射图(上部的曲线为实测XRD曲线,下部的曲线为模拟XRD曲线),X-射线多晶衍射分析表明所得到的化合物与目标产物一致,浅绿色块状晶体即为化合物Cs11K7[(Ge4W36Nb12O156)Ni(H2O)2]·29H2O。
X射线单晶衍射分析表明,化合物Nb/W-POM是由中心{NiO6}单元和四个{GeNb3W9O40}单元形成的四聚体。四个{GeNb3W9O40}亚基分别通过四个Nb-O-Nb桥和两个(Nb)Ot-Ni-Ot(Nb)桥连接。过渡金属Ni优先与{GeNb3W9O40}团簇上的末端氧配位,因为Nb的化合物为+5价,W的价为+6价,并且Ot(Nb)的亲核性高于Ot(W)。过渡金属通过Ni-Ot(Nb/W)键连接到{NbO6}八面体,六个配位的Ni原子分别连接到四个{GeNb3W9O40}。在化合物中,Nb和W原子均显示出八配位环境,而Ge原子均呈现四面体配位几何形状(图1)。
实施例2:光解水溶液的配制和光解水性能的测试
将实施例1制得的材料作为光敏剂和催化剂,甲醇作为牺牲电子供体,铂(氯铂酸)作为H2助催化剂。采用控制变量法,保证H2PtCl6(1.2mg)和20%CH3OH不变,分别配制催化剂浓度为0.125mg/ml、0.25mg/ml、0.5mg/ml的215ml水溶液;保证H2PtCl6(1.2mg)和0.25mg/ml催化剂浓度不变,分别配制甲醇浓度为10%、20%、30%的215ml水溶液;分别配制20%甲醇215ml水溶液、20%甲醇+H2PtCl6(1.2mg)的215ml水溶液和20%甲醇+催化剂浓度为0.25mg/ml的215ml水溶液作为对比。
在具有搅拌装置和水循环装置的Pyrex内部辐照型反应容器中进行光催化反应。使用Ar排出管内的空气,然后使用500W Xe灯作为产生H2的光源。使用带有热导检测器和分子筛柱(2mm x 2mm)的GC9800仪器(使用Ar作为载气)分析生成的H2。
如图2所示,Nb/W-POM化合物的红外光谱在光催化反应前后的峰相似,证明该化合物在光催化反应中结构稳定。如图3所示,Nb/W-POM化合物的UV-vis光谱在光催化反应后没有明显转变,也表明Nb/W-POM的稳定性。
在光催化系统中,使用Nb/W-POM作为光敏剂和催化剂,使用甲醇作为牺牲电子供体,使用铂作为H2助催化剂。众所周知,催化剂浓度、CH3OH和H2PtCl6的总量、溶剂的总量和溶剂的水含量极大地影响催化剂体系的性能。考虑到催化剂浓度对最终光催化氢析出活性的影响,通过平行实验,发现样品的最佳浓度为0.25mg/mL(图6a),H2析出速率为128.2μmolh-1g-1。析氢最有利的条件是基于172mL H2O(4:1,v/v)中的CH3OH(43mL)。H2O溶液中较高或较低的CH3OH含量可能导致H2逸出量减少(图6b)。为了分别研究化合物在光催化体系中的重要性,进行了更多不同组合的实验(图6c)。如果不存在Nb/W-POM,则H2PtCl6仅显示很少的光催化活性(图6c),因此表明Nb/W-POM在光催化的光收集中起决定性作用。如果不存在H2PtCl6,则样品Nb/W-POM的H2生成速率为18.2μmol h-1g-1(图6c)。
以上实施例描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征及优点,本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明原理的范围下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进均落入本发明保护的范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种Nb/W混配型多金属氧酸盐,其特征在于,所述多金属氧酸盐的分子式为Cs11K7[(Ge4W36Nb12O156)Ni(H2O)2]·29H2O,命名为Nb/W-POM,是由中心{NiO6}单元和四个{GeNb3W9O40}单元形成的四聚体,四个{GeNb3W9O40}亚基分别通过四个Nb-O-Nb桥和两个(Nb)Ot-Ni-Ot(Nb)桥连接。
2.一种权利要求1所述的Nb/W混配型多金属氧酸盐的制备方法,采用水热合成法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:将一定量的Cs6.5K0.5[GeW9(NbO2)3O37]·6H2O与NiCl2混合,装在玻璃瓶中,将玻璃瓶置于盛有盐酸的聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,在120摄氏度下保温反应72小时,之后缓慢冷却至室温,洗涤,晾干得到浅绿色晶体即为Nb/W混配型多金属氧酸盐。
3.根据权利要求2所述的Nb/W混配型多金属氧酸盐的制备方法,其特征在于,Cs6.5K0.5[GeW9(NbO2)3O37]·6H2O与NiCl2的摩尔比为1:1。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的Nb/W混配型多金属氧酸盐的制备方法,其特征在于,所述盐酸的浓度为1mol/L。
5.权利要求1所述的Nb/W混配型多金属氧酸盐在制备光解水制氢催化剂方面的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,使用甲醇作为牺牲电子供体,使用铂作为助催化剂。
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