CN110754160A - Slope greening protection method - Google Patents
Slope greening protection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110754160A CN110754160A CN201911036309.5A CN201911036309A CN110754160A CN 110754160 A CN110754160 A CN 110754160A CN 201911036309 A CN201911036309 A CN 201911036309A CN 110754160 A CN110754160 A CN 110754160A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a slope greening protection method, which belongs to the field of slope greening and comprises the following steps: cleaning and leveling the slope surface of the side slope; measuring and paying off; drilling and installing an anchor rod; laying a wire mesh; installing a thickness marking line and adjusting the height of the marking line; spraying a greening base material; spraying nutrient mud containing plant seeds; covering non-woven fabrics and maintaining; arranging a water guide pipe; the invention has the effect of improving the construction efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of slope greening, in particular to a slope greening protection method.
Background
With the rapid development of economic society, the basic construction speed of China is accelerated, and a large number of bare slopes are formed by implementing construction projects such as traffic, water conservancy, mines, electric power and the like. The exposed slopes not only influence the ecological environment landscape, but also have geological disaster hidden dangers to influence the safety and stability of the main greening engineering. Therefore, slope greening is vigorously carried out in many places.
The slope greening is a new ecological slope protection mode capable of effectively protecting bare slopes, and is combined with traditional civil engineering slope protection (reinforced anchor support, net hanging, lattice and the like), so that ecological vegetation recovery and protection of the slopes can be effectively realized, and the slope greening has the functions of keeping water and soil, improving the environment and landscape and improving the health care and culture level. The slope greening has obvious environmental protection significance, and can beautify the environment, preserve water sources, prevent soil erosion and landslide and purify air. For the rocky side slope, the environmental protection significance of the side slope greening is particularly outstanding.
The prior Chinese patent with the publication number of CN105981539A discloses a slope greening method, which comprises the following steps: s1, slope and slope finishing construction: clearing and leveling the slope surface of the side slope, clearing pumice on the slope surface, reserving a seedling platform and constructing irrigation supporting facilities; s2, hanging a net: paving a metal protective net on the side slope; s3, spraying and sowing the soil layer: spraying the first mixed matrix on the rock stratum of the side slope; s4, spray seeding of a vegetation layer: uniformly mixing the second mixed matrix and the shrub plant seeds and then spraying the mixture onto a soil layer; s5, cutting and covering: covering a soil layer with non-woven fabrics, trimming branches of trees and shrubs, cutting the branches of the trees and the shrubs, and fixing the non-woven fabrics through cutting of the trees and the shrubs; s6, planting trees and shrubs on the side slope; and S7, maintaining and irrigating the sprayed and cut slope.
The above prior art solutions have the following drawbacks: when spraying the soil horizon to the side slope, if the thickness of soil horizon does not spray the design requirement, can influence plant seeds's growth, and if exceeded the design thickness again can cause the waste of material, but only hardly control the thickness of soil horizon through the manual work, consequently often need the thickness complex requirement of repeated construction in order to guarantee the soil horizon when spraying the soil horizon, reduced the efficiency of construction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a side slope greening protection method convenient for controlling the thickness of a greening base material.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a slope greening protection method comprises the following steps:
s1: cleaning and leveling the slope surface of the side slope, and removing impurities such as pumice, floating soil and the like on the slope surface;
s2: measuring and paying off, and paying off the position of the anchor rod drill hole according to the specification of a drawing;
s3: drilling holes at the lofting position, wherein the diameter of each drilled hole is 50mm, the depth of each drilled hole is 1m-1.5m, and the distance between the drilled holes is 1m x 1 m; installing an anchor rod in a mode of injection first and insertion later, wherein the anchor rod selects a twisted steel bar with the length of 1m-1.5m, and the length of the twisted steel bar is greater than the depth of a drilled hole;
s4: installing a wire mesh on the slope, wherein the distance between the wire mesh and the slope surface is 5-7 cm, and the distance between the wire mesh and the slope surface is ensured by using a cement cushion block;
s5: a. installing thickness identification lines, arranging fixed pipes at even intervals along the edge of the side slope, wherein the fixed pipes are perpendicular to the slope surface, connecting adjusting rods in the fixed pipes in a threaded manner, arranging identification ropes between every two adjusting rods, fixedly connecting two ends of each identification rope with the two adjusting rods respectively, connecting the identification ropes to the end parts of the adjusting rods far away from the fixed pipes, and enabling lines formed by all the identification ropes to be parallel to each other and not to be on the same straight line;
b. rotating the adjusting rod in the fixing tube to change the distance between the end of the adjusting rod and the slope surface of the side slope, so that the distance from the marking rope to the slope surface is consistent with the design thickness of the greening substrate, and meanwhile, the distance from the marking rope to the wire netting is 3cm-5 cm;
s6: spraying the greening base material onto the slope surface of the side slope by using a spray seeder, wherein the spraying is carried out from the front surface as far as possible, the concave-convex part and the dead angle part are fully sprayed, and the greening base material is sprayed to the designed thickness after being flushed with the thickness marking line;
s7: after the greening base material is sprayed, uniformly spraying the nutrient mud containing the plant seeds on the greening base material by using a spraying-sowing machine;
s8: covering with non-woven fabric, and maintaining periodically until lawn is formed;
s9: the place with underground water seepage on the slope surface is provided with a proper water guide pipe for guiding and draining the underground water to the outside of the slope.
By adopting the technical scheme, before slope greening is carried out, firstly, the slope surface of the side slope is cleaned and leveled, impurities such as pumice and the like on the slope surface of the side slope are removed, then, paying-off is carried out according to drawing measurement, the position of an anchor hole to be constructed is determined, drilling and anchor rods are installed, after the anchor rods are installed, an iron wire net is laid on the slope surface of the side slope, then, fixed pipes are evenly installed at intervals along the edge of the side slope, the fixed pipes are perpendicular to the slope surface of the side slope, adjusting rods are connected with the fixed pipes through threads, then, an identification rope is fixedly connected to the end parts of each two adjusting rods, all the identification ropes are mutually parallel and are not on the same straight line, the adjusting rods can be rotated in the process of connecting the identification ropes, so that the positions of the adjusting rods are changed, and the distance of the edge; the afforestation substrate that will stir afterwards utilizes the spray-seeding machine to spray to the slope surface on, make the afforestation substrate flush with the thickness sign line that the sign rope formed during spraying and can regard as the afforestation substrate to spray design thickness, later utilize the spray-seeding machine to spray the afforestation substrate and carry out the maintenance with the nutrition mud that has the plant seed again, can set up the aqueduct and cause the slope outside with the place that the slope has the infiltration, just realized the afforestation protection to the slope through above step, wherein utilize and set up the thickness sign line, make the injection of afforestation substrate can go to control very conveniently and directly perceivedly, thereby avoided taking place the condition that needs the repeated construction, the efficiency of construction of afforestation protection is improved.
The invention is further configured to: in the S4, the wire netting is laid along the slope surface of the side slope from the top of the slope to the toe of the slope, the wire netting is required to extend out of the top of the slope and the toe of the slope by 20cm, the wire netting is required to be tensioned in the laying process, after the wire netting is laid flatly and smoothly, the wire netting is fixed from the top of the slope to the toe of the slope by using long anchor rods and short anchor rods, the long anchor rods and the short anchor rods are arranged in a staggered mode, and the transverse and longitudinal intervals are 1.5 m.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, fix the wire netting through long stock and short stock for the wire netting can be fixed on the slope surface of side slope better, also makes the distance between wire netting utensil side slope surface better control simultaneously.
The invention is further configured to: in S4, the wire mesh is woven by a hot galvanizing machine, and the diameter of the wire mesh is larger than 2.2 mm.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the wire netting chooses hot-galvanize machine for use to compile the wire netting, can improve the life of wire netting, and hot-galvanize machine compiles the wire netting simultaneously and has better elasticity, is difficult to destroyed when laying.
The invention is further configured to: in the S6, the greening base material comprises planting soil, organic fertilizer, oil cake, humic material, binder and water-retaining agent; each cubic meter of greening base material comprises 1300kg of planting soil and 0.5kg of organic fertilizer; 1kg of oil cake; 20kg of bran shell, 15kg of clay soil, 2kg of adhesive and 2kg of water-retaining agent.
By adopting the technical scheme, the humic material is added into the greening base material to increase the nutrition in the greening base material, thereby being more beneficial to the growth of plant seeds.
The invention is further configured to: and in the step S6, before spraying the greening base material, spraying water to the slope surface of the side slope and wetting the slope surface.
By adopting the technical scheme, the greening base material can be combined with the slope surface of the side slope after the slope surface is wetted, so that the greening base material can be better covered on the slope surface of the side slope.
The invention is further configured to: in S7, the plant seeds should be selected according to engineering field climatic conditions.
The invention is further configured to: in the step S8, during maintenance, the high-pressure sprayer is used to uniformly spray water on the slope surface in a mist form, and the distance between the spray head and the slope surface of the slope and the moving speed of the spray head are controlled during spraying.
The invention is further configured to: and in the S8, when the plant germination length is 5-8cm, removing the non-woven fabric.
The invention is further configured to: and S9, constructing a drainage ditch at the top of the slope of the side slope, wherein the drainage ditch extends into the culvert adjacent to the side slope.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the escape canal can reduce the washing away of side slope ponding to the side slope to avoid taking place the condition that the vegetation collapsed.
In conclusion, the beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
through set up fixed pipe and regulation pole on the side slope, and connect the sign rope between the regulation pole, utilize the regulation pole to change the sign rope to the domatic distance of side slope, make it the same with the design thickness of afforestation substrate, and when spraying the afforestation substrate, people alright with the thickness that the line was guaranteed to the thickness that forms according to the sign rope, make the control of afforestation substrate thickness more convenient and directly perceived, and then reduce the condition that needs the repeated construction, the efficiency of side slope greening protection construction has been improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the slope greening protection method disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1: constructors clean the slope surface of the side slope and level the slope surface to a designed slope surface, and a hydraulic flushing mode is generally adopted during cleaning, so that impurities such as pumice, floating soil and the like on the slope surface of the side slope are mainly removed, and the tight combination of greening base materials and the slope surface of the side slope is facilitated;
s2: the slope surface of the side slope is manually trimmed and can be measured and set out after being inspected to be qualified, and a technician puts out the position of the anchor hole to be constructed on the slope surface of the side slope according to a drawing and marks the anchor hole;
s3: the constructor drills holes at the designated positions according to the marks, the diameter of each drilled hole is 50mm, the depth of each drilled hole is 1m-1.5m, the distance between the drilled holes is 1m x 1m, and after the drilling is finished, rock powder in the holes is blown clean; then, the anchor rod is installed in a mode of first injection and then insertion, namely cement mortar is poured into the anchor hole, and then the anchor rod is inserted into the anchor hole filled with the cement mortar, so that the pulling resistance and the anchoring force of the anchor rod are improved, the anchor rod selects the deformed steel bar with the length of 1-1.5 m and the diameter of 16mm, and the length of the deformed steel bar is greater than the depth of the drilled hole;
s4: the construction personnel lay the wire netting to the slope surface, the wire netting makes the afforestation substrate can cover on the slope surface better, when laying the wire netting, should lay the wire netting by the slope top towards the foot of slope along the slope surface, and the wire netting should stretch out the slope top and foot each 20cm, put under the grout stone and platform fill in the cut-off ditch of the slope top respectively; in the laying process, the wire netting is in a tensioning state, the distance between the wire netting and the slope surface of the side slope is kept between 5cm and 7cm, and the distance between the wire netting and the slope surface of the side slope is ensured by using a cement cushion block; after the wire netting is paved, the wire netting is fixed from the top of a slope to the toe of the slope by using long anchor rods and short anchor rods, the long anchor rods and the short anchor rods are arranged in a staggered mode, the transverse and longitudinal distances between the long anchor rods and the short anchor rods are controlled to be 1.5m, and the wire netting can be better fixed through the long anchor rods and the short anchor rods; in order to prolong the service life of the wire netting, the wire netting is woven by a hot galvanizing machine, and the wire diameter of the wire netting is larger than 2.2 mm;
s5: a. the construction personnel need to install a thickness marking line on the slope surface of the side slope, firstly, the construction personnel install a fixed pipe along the edge of the side slope, the fixed pipe is perpendicular to the slope surface and is inserted into the slope body of the side slope, the distance between the fixed pipes is 1m-2m, meanwhile, an adjusting rod is in threaded connection with the fixed pipe, then, the construction personnel need to connect a marking rope between every two adjusting rods, two ends of the marking rope are respectively and fixedly connected with the two adjusting rods, the marking rope is connected to the end part of the adjusting rod far away from the fixed pipe, lines formed by all the marking ropes are mutually parallel and are not in the same straight line (can be in the horizontal or straight line direction of the side slope or in the inclined direction of the side slope), and in order to improve the eye-showing degree of the thickness marking line, the color of;
b. in the process of installing the identification rope, the distance from the identification rope to the slope surface needs to be adjusted, a constructor needs to rotate the adjusting rod in the fixing pipe, so that the distance between the end part of the adjusting rod and the slope surface is changed, the distance from the identification rope to the slope surface is changed, the distance is consistent with the design thickness of the greening substrate, and meanwhile, the distance from the identification rope to the wire gauze needs to be 3cm-5 cm;
s6: stirring and producing a greening base material, wherein the greening base material comprises planting soil, an organic fertilizer, an oil cake, a humic material, a binder and a water-retaining agent; each cubic meter of greening base material comprises 1300kg of planting soil and 0.5kg of organic fertilizer; 1kg of oil cake; 20kg of bran shells and 15kg of clotted soil, 2kg of binding agent (the binding agent is forbidden to adopt cement) and 2kg of water-retaining agent, and the nutrition of a greening base material can be increased by adding the humic material, so that the survival rate of plant seeds is improved; before spraying the greening base material, wetting the slope surface of the side slope, thereby being beneficial to the combination between the greening base material and the slope surface of the side slope; spraying the greening base material onto the slope surface of the side slope by using a spray seeder, wherein the greening base material is sprayed from the front surface as far as possible during spraying, concave-convex parts and dead angle parts of the side slope are sufficiently sprayed, and the greening base material can be sprayed to the designed thickness after being sprayed to be level with the thickness marking line; the spraying thickness can be adjusted according to the lithology of the side slope, so that the organic base material can provide enough nutrition and moisture for grass growth;
s7: after the greening base material is sprayed, uniformly spraying nutrient mud containing plant seeds on the greening base material by using a spraying-sowing machine, wherein the types of the plant seeds are selected according to the field climatic conditions of engineering, so that the survival rate of the plant seeds is improved, and if rainfall occurs within a few hours after spraying construction, protective measures must be taken to avoid the base material mixing loss;
s8: covering non-woven fabrics on the surfaces of the greening base materials and the nutrient mud, maintaining the side periodically until the plants are planted into a lawn, uniformly spraying water on the surface of the slope in a fog shape by using a high-pressure sprayer during maintenance, and controlling the distance between a spray head and the slope surface of the slope and the moving speed of the spray head during spraying, so that the slope surface is ensured to be free from high-pressure water flow impact, the greening base materials and plant seeds are prevented from being washed away by water flow, the non-woven fabrics can be removed when the plant germination length is 5-8cm, and the normal growth of the plants is ensured;
s9: the place that there is the domatic secret infiltration should set up appropriate aqueduct (the pipe that permeates water of soft formula) and draw the groundwater to the slope outside to avoid groundwater to take away partial afforestation substrate, can also build the escape canal at side slope top simultaneously, and extend the escape canal to the adjacent culvert of side slope in, the escape canal can reduce the washing away of side slope ponding to the side slope, thereby avoids taking place the condition that the vegetation collapsed.
Through setting up thickness marking line before spraying the afforestation substrate for the in-process of spraying the afforestation substrate, constructor can go to control the thickness of afforestation substrate very conveniently and directly perceivedly, thereby has avoided taking place the condition that needs the repeated construction, has improved the efficiency of construction of afforestation protection.
The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A slope greening protection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: cleaning and leveling the slope surface of the side slope, and removing impurities such as pumice, floating soil and the like on the slope surface;
s2: measuring and paying off, and paying off the position of the anchor rod drill hole according to the specification of a drawing;
s3: drilling holes at the lofting position, wherein the diameter of each drilled hole is 50mm, the depth of each drilled hole is 1m-1.5m, and the distance between the drilled holes is 1m x 1 m; installing an anchor rod in a mode of injection first and insertion later, wherein the anchor rod selects a twisted steel bar with the length of 1m-1.5m, and the length of the twisted steel bar is greater than the depth of a drilled hole;
s4: installing a wire mesh on the slope, wherein the distance between the wire mesh and the slope surface is 5-7 cm, and the distance between the wire mesh and the slope surface is ensured by using a cement cushion block;
s5: a. installing thickness identification lines, arranging fixed pipes at even intervals along the edge of the side slope, wherein the fixed pipes are perpendicular to the slope surface, connecting adjusting rods in the fixed pipes in a threaded manner, arranging identification ropes between every two adjusting rods, fixedly connecting two ends of each identification rope with the two adjusting rods respectively, connecting the identification ropes to the end parts of the adjusting rods far away from the fixed pipes, and enabling lines formed by all the identification ropes to be parallel to each other and not to be on the same straight line;
b. rotating the adjusting rod in the fixing tube to change the distance between the end of the adjusting rod and the slope surface of the side slope, so that the distance from the marking rope to the slope surface is consistent with the design thickness of the greening substrate, and meanwhile, the distance from the marking rope to the wire netting is 3cm-5 cm;
s6: spraying the greening base material onto the slope surface of the side slope by using a spray seeder, wherein the spraying is carried out from the front surface as far as possible, the concave-convex part and the dead angle part are fully sprayed, and the greening base material is sprayed to the designed thickness after being flushed with the thickness marking line;
s7: after the greening base material is sprayed, uniformly spraying the nutrient mud containing the plant seeds on the greening base material by using a spraying-sowing machine;
s8: covering with non-woven fabric, and maintaining periodically until lawn is formed;
s9: the place with underground water seepage on the slope surface is provided with a proper water guide pipe for guiding and draining the underground water to the outside of the slope.
2. The slope greening protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the S4, the wire netting is laid along the slope surface of the side slope from the top of the slope to the toe of the slope, the wire netting is required to extend out of the top of the slope and the toe of the slope by 20cm, the wire netting is required to be tensioned in the laying process, after the wire netting is laid flatly and smoothly, the wire netting is fixed from the top of the slope to the toe of the slope by using long anchor rods and short anchor rods, the long anchor rods and the short anchor rods are arranged in a staggered mode, and the transverse and longitudinal intervals are 1.5 m.
3. The slope greening protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S4, the wire mesh is woven by a hot galvanizing machine, and the diameter of the wire mesh is larger than 2.2 mm.
4. The slope greening protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the S6, the greening base material comprises planting soil, organic fertilizer, oil cake, humic material, binder and water-retaining agent; each cubic meter of greening base material comprises 1300kg of planting soil and 0.5kg of organic fertilizer; 1kg of oil cake; 20kg of bran shell, 15kg of clay soil, 2kg of adhesive and 2kg of water-retaining agent.
5. The slope greening protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step S6, before spraying the greening base material, spraying water to the slope surface of the side slope and wetting the slope surface.
6. The slope greening protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S7, the plant seeds should be selected according to engineering field climatic conditions.
7. The slope greening protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S8, during maintenance, the high-pressure sprayer is used to uniformly spray water on the slope surface in a mist form, and the distance between the spray head and the slope surface of the slope and the moving speed of the spray head are controlled during spraying.
8. The slope greening protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the S8, when the plant germination length is 5-8cm, removing the non-woven fabric.
9. The slope greening protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and S9, constructing a drainage ditch at the top of the slope of the side slope, wherein the drainage ditch extends into the culvert adjacent to the side slope.
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| CN201911036309.5A CN110754160A (en) | 2019-10-29 | 2019-10-29 | Slope greening protection method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113668567A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2021-11-19 | 厦门仁祥生态科技有限公司 | Steep slope protection method based on reinforced water and soil protection blanket |
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