CN110724014A - Hydrothermal carbonization coupled ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation method - Google Patents
Hydrothermal carbonization coupled ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a hydrothermal carbonization and ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation method, which is characterized in that organic solid waste is subjected to hydrothermal carbonization treatment, an obtained solid-liquid mixture is subjected to dehydration treatment to obtain hydrothermal carbon, the hydrothermal carbon is subjected to ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation treatment to obtain a soil conditioner, and the method specifically comprises preheating treatment, hydrothermal carbonization treatment, dehydration treatment and ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation treatment, so that the reduction, harmless treatment and recycling treatment of the organic solid waste is realized. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of high feasibility, simple and convenient operation, short production period, high yield, stable product quality, realization of win-win of environmental protection and economic benefit and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic solid waste treatment and harmless treatment, and particularly relates to a hydrothermal carbonization coupling ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation method.
Background
The annual solid organic waste of China is about more than 100 hundred million tons, and if the organic matter and plant nutrients which are rich in the solid organic waste can be converted into organic fertilizer, the potential of improving the resource recycling rate is very huge. The low-temperature hydrothermal carbonization technology is a biomass value-added treatment method, which takes water as a reaction medium and converts biomass into a carbon-based material (internationally called hydrothermal carbon) with high added value and multiple functions at a certain temperature (180 ℃ C.) and a certain pressure. The low-temperature hydrothermal carbonization technology has the greatest advantages that secondary pollution is avoided, pathogenic microorganisms are completely killed, the dehydration performance of waste is greatly improved, the waste is harmless, heavy metals are effectively passivated, the porosity is high, and the adsorption and exchange performance can be effectively improved; however, it also has the very obvious disadvantage that the hydrothermal carbonization product has products other than the gas phase product CO2In addition, most organic matter becomes small molecule organic acids or other intermediates that are not completely stabilized. The hydrothermal charcoal, if applied directly to the soil, may cause soil erosion and death of beneficial microorganisms.
The ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation technology can effectively improve the fermentation temperature, enhance the humification degree of the materials, effectively kill pathogenic microorganisms and shorten the fermentation period. However, it also has significant drawbacks, such as the fact that the extreme thermophilic bacteria are at a disadvantage in competing with indigenous microorganisms (normally aerobic microorganisms) and do not function in the early stages of fermentation (temperature accumulation stage); although the extreme thermophilic bacteria can cause the materials to be more humus, the harmless effect is not as good as that of a hydrothermal carbonization technology, and pathogenic microorganisms cannot be killed hundred percent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a low-energy-consumption hydrothermal carbonization-coupled ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation method.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a hydrothermal carbonization and ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation method comprises the steps of carrying out hydrothermal carbonization treatment on organic solid wastes, dehydrating an obtained solid-liquid mixture to obtain hydrothermal carbon, and carrying out ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation treatment on the hydrothermal carbon to obtain a soil conditioner.
In order to solve the problems of incomplete stabilization of hydrothermal carbon, incomplete harmless treatment of ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation and the like in the prior art, the invention provides a low-energy-consumption hydrothermal carbonization-coupled ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation method, which utilizes a hydrothermal carbonization technology to carry out harmless treatment and organic matter decomposition of wastes and a ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation technology to carry out a high-temperature humification stage, simultaneously solves the two problems of incomplete stabilization of hydrothermal carbon and incomplete harmless treatment of ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation, can fully exert the activity of extreme thermophilic bacteria and improve the treatment effect.
The invention specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of materials
Adjusting the water content of the organic solid waste by adopting water to obtain organic solid waste slurry;
(2) preheating treatment
Sending the organic solid waste slurry into a preheating tank, and preheating for 0.8-2h at the temperature of 45-70 ℃;
(3) hydrothermal carbonization treatment
Injecting the preheated material into a hydrothermal carbonization reaction kettle for hydrothermal carbonization treatment, wherein the reaction temperature in the hydrothermal carbonization treatment process is 180-300 ℃, the reaction time is 0.5-6.5h, and cooling and depressurizing the material after the hydrothermal carbonization treatment is finished;
(4) dehydration treatment
Dehydrating the material after being cooled and depressurized to obtain hydrothermal carbon and dehydration liquid;
(5) ultra-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment
Adding extreme thermophilic bacteria into the hydrothermal carbon obtained by dehydration treatment, turning the pile uniformly, ventilating the material to provide oxygen, and maintaining the highest temperature of the material at 85-90 ℃ for 2-5 days; and then performing static fermentation on the materials for 18-21 days to obtain the soil conditioner.
Wherein the inoculation amount of the extreme thermophilic bacteria in the step (5) is 0.1-0.5% of the weight of the hydrothermal carbon; the extreme thermophilic bacteria is selected from one or more of Thermus thermophilus, Caltricola yamamura and Caltricolatsumensis.
Preferably, the initial water content of the hydrothermal charcoal in the step (5) is 40-50%.
Preferably, the concentration of the extreme thermophilic bacteria added in the step (5) is 1.52 x 109CFU/g is higher than the standard.
Preferably, the dehydrated liquid obtained in the step (4) is sent to a liquid storage tank, the separated water flows back to the step (1) to adjust the water content of the organic solid waste, and the separated liquid fertilizer is returned to the field for utilization.
Preferably, the water content of the organic solid waste slurry in the step (1) is 75-85%.
Preferably, the organic solid waste is one or a mixture of two of municipal sludge and fresh livestock and poultry manure, and the organic solid waste is directly sent to a waste storage pool to be used as organic solid waste slurry;
preferably, the slurry treatment is carried out for 0.5-1h, the kitchen waste slurry is sent to an impurity removal device to remove recyclable impurities and/or impurities which can be directly buried, such as plastics, iron, gravel, glass and the like, and the obtained kitchen waste slurry is sent to a waste storage pool to be used as the organic solid waste slurry.
Preferably, the injection amount of the material in the hydrothermal carbonization reaction kettle in the step (3) is 3/5-4/5 of the volume of the hydrothermal carbonization reaction kettle.
Preferably, the reaction temperature of the hydrothermal carbonization treatment process in the step (3) is 180-220 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-3.5 h.
Preferably, acetic acid is added into the materials in the hydrothermal carbonization reaction kettle in the step (3) to adjust the pH value to 6.0-7.0, so that the yield of the hydrothermal carbon can be improved, and the elution amount of heavy metals in wastes can be increased. The pathogenic microorganisms can be completely killed through the step (3), heavy metals are passivated at high temperature, the proportion of residue heavy metals is increased by 20-35%, in addition, macromolecular organic matters can be rapidly degraded through the step, and the degradation rate can reach 25-55%.
The product of hydrothermal carbonization is used as the raw material of high-temperature aerobic fermentation, and the high-temperature aerobic fermentation process has certain requirements on the raw material, but the hydrothermal carbon generated by the low-temperature hydrothermal carbon technology generated by the existing hydrothermal carbonization process cannot meet the feeding requirement of the high-temperature aerobic fermentation process, so the method optimizes the parameters of the hydrothermal carbonization treatment, such as water content, temperature, time and the like, which are key conditions for successful coupling of the two processes.
When the effect of the hydrothermal carbonization treatment is researched by the change of the water content, the water content in the generated hydrothermal carbon is higher than 50% if the water content of the hydrothermal carbonization treatment is higher than 85%, the air permeability of the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation raw material is remarkably reduced, the heat dissipation caused by water evaporation is too high, the highest temperature is not 85 ℃, and the content of humus is reduced<5.0%, influence the final experimental effect; the initial water content is lower than 75%, the water content of the generated hydrothermal carbon is lower than 40%, the degradation rate of macromolecular organic matters is lower than 25%, and the activity of extreme thermophilic bacteria and other common microorganisms can not be maintained at 1.52 multiplied by 10 in the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation process9More than CFU/g, the degradation rate of organic matters in the final waste is lower than 30 percent, and the content of humus is high<5.0％。
The research results about the hydrothermal carbonization treatment time show that the time of the hydrothermal carbonization treatment directly affects the carbonization degree of the nutrient substances. If the hydrothermal carbonization treatment is carried out for a certain period of time<1h, the refractory macromolecular organic substances such as cellulose, lignin and the like cannot be completely carbonized (cellulose)<90% lignin<60 percent), which causes that the organic matters which are not carbonized can not be fully utilized in the process of ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation, and the degradation effect of the organic matters of the whole process is influenced; if hydrothermal carbonization treatment time>3.5 hr, low molecular organic substances (starch, oligosaccharide, protein, oil, etc.) can be extracted and excessively decomposed to make acetic acid in liquid phase product>1.5% of gaseous product CO2In the gas phase product>95% yield of solid phase charcoal<35 percent, thereby leading the treatment effect of the whole process to be lower and greatly reducing the economic benefit.
The temperature exploration result of the hydrothermal carbonization treatment shows that when the temperature of the hydrothermal carbonization treatment is higher than 300 ℃, the passivation effect on heavy metals can be obviously reduced, wherein the content of the heavy metals in a residue state is less than 20%, and the temperature of the hydrothermal carbonization treatment is less than 180 ℃, so that lignin in the waste cannot be degraded, and the final treatment effect is greatly reduced.
In conclusion, in order to perform subsequent better ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation, the selected parameter values need to be adopted; if the technological parameters of the invention are not adopted, the moisture content and the carbonization degree of nutrient substances required by the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation cannot be ensured, and the normal starting and fermentation effect of the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation can be influenced.
The soil conditioner obtained by the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation treatment has rich oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface, mainly comprises carboxyl, carbonyl, phenolic hydroxyl, lactone, acid anhydride and the like, wherein the content of C-O, O-H, C-O-C functional groups is increased by 60-80% compared with the original content; the surface of the hydrothermal carbon has a porous and reticular structure, is in non-uniform distribution, has rich and ordered pore structures, has a large number of micropores and mesopores, is beneficial to adsorption of heavy metals, can adsorb heavy metals (such as Cu, Cd, Pb and the like), and reduces the migration rate of the heavy metals; the soil structure can be effectively improved, the oxygen content of the soil is increased, and the oxidation-reduction property and the aeration condition of the soil are improved; the content of macroelements (N, P, K) is 3.1-6.3%, the content of humus is 10-25% (wherein the content of humic acid is 5.0-15.3%), and the number of viable bacteria is 4.2 × 108-6.5×109CFU/g can increase the nutrient content and biological activity of soil, and the organic solid waste is treated into the soil conditioner which can be recycled by the method of the invention, thereby changing waste into valuable.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) according to the invention, the organic solid waste is treated by adopting a hydrothermal carbonization-superhigh temperature aerobic fermentation method, and the obtained product contains rich surface oxygen-containing functional groups, can adsorb heavy metals and reduce the migration rate of the heavy metals; the porosity is high, the soil structure can be effectively improved, the oxygen content of the soil is increased, and the oxidation-reduction property and the aeration condition of the soil are improved, so that the effective utilization of solid wastes is realized;
(2) through hydrothermal carbonization treatment, pathogenic microorganisms in the organic solid waste can be completely eradicated, and malodorous substances are converted, decomposed and stabilized;
(3) the invention can fully exert the activity of the extreme thermophilic bacteria, better reserve the nutrient substances such as N, P and the like in the waste which are required by the growth of crops, and improve the soil structure and the biological activity;
(4) the intermediate product dehydration liquid can be recycled in the treatment method, and the liquid fertilizer prepared from the dehydration liquid can also be returned to the field for utilization, so that the resource recycling is realized, and the resources are saved;
(5) the energy-saving effect is good: the operation cost (100- & ltSUB & gt plus & lt 130- & gt/day) of the low-temperature hydrothermal carbonization technology is basically equivalent to the cost (80-120 Yuan/day) of the traditional aerobic fermentation technology, and the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation only needs to rely on extreme thermophilic bacteria to generate heat, so that the real low energy consumption is realized;
(6) the method belongs to the technology of the reduction, harmless and recycling treatment of organic solid wastes, has high feasibility, simple and convenient operation, short production period, high yield and stable product quality, and realizes the win-win of environmental protection and economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A low-energy-consumption hydrothermal carbonization coupled ultra-high-temperature aerobic fermentation method is shown in a specific flow chart in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
(1) material pretreatment: controlling the water content of the municipal sludge to be 80 percent, and conveying the municipal sludge to a waste storage pool;
(2) preheating treatment: adding the materials into a preheating tank for preheating treatment, wherein the preheating temperature is 60 ℃, and the preheating time is 2 hours;
(3) hydrothermal carbonization treatment: injecting the preheated material into a hydrothermal carbonization reaction kettle, wherein the injection amount of the material is 3.5/5 of the volume of the reaction kettle; setting the temperature of the hydrothermal carbonization reaction kettle to 200 ℃ and the reaction time to 3 h;
(4) and (3) dehydration treatment: mechanically dehydrating the material subjected to the step (3) to obtain hydrothermal carbon and dehydration liquid, and controlling the water content of the hydrothermal carbon to be 43%; adding the dehydration liquid into a liquid storage tank, and refluxing the separated water into a stirring tank to obtain a liquid fertilizer which can be returned to the field for utilization;
(5) ultra-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment: adding 0.5 wt% of extreme thermophilic bacteria Thermus thermophilus (Thermus thermophilus) into hydrothermal charcoal with water content of 45%, wherein the concentration of the powder is 3.0 × 109And (3) CFU/g, uniformly turning, arranging ventilation equipment to ensure that the materials are fully aerobic, maintaining the highest temperature at 85 ℃ for 4 days, and fermenting for 21 days to obtain a soil conditioner, and returning the soil conditioner to the field for utilization. The soil conditioner obtained by the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation treatment in the embodiment has rich oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface, mainly comprises carboxyl, carbonyl, phenolic hydroxyl, lactone, acid anhydride and the like, wherein the content of C-O, O-H, C-O-C functional groups is increased by 60-80% compared with the original content; the surface of the hydrothermal carbon has a porous and reticular structure, is in non-uniform distribution, has rich and ordered pore structures, has a large number of micropores and mesopores, is beneficial to adsorption of heavy metals, can adsorb heavy metals (such as Cu, Cd, Pb and the like), and reduces the migration rate of the heavy metals; the soil structure can be effectively improved, the oxygen content of the soil is increased, and the oxidation-reduction property and the aeration condition of the soil are improved; the content of macroelements (N, P, K) is 3.1-6.3%, the content of humus is 10-25% (wherein the content of humic acid is 5.0-15.3%), and the number of viable bacteria is 4.2 × 108-6.5×109CFU/g can increase the nutrient content and biological activity of soil, and the organic solid waste is treated into the soil conditioner which can be recycled by the method of the invention, thereby changing waste into valuable.
Example 2
A low-energy-consumption hydrothermal carbonization coupled ultra-high-temperature aerobic fermentation method is shown in a specific flow chart in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
(1) material pretreatment: conveying the kitchen waste into a stirring pool, controlling the water content of serosity to be 75% after water injection, carrying out serosity treatment for 0.5h, removing impurities by an impurity removal device, and conveying the kitchen waste into a waste storage pool;
(2) preheating treatment: adding the materials into a preheating tank for preheating treatment, wherein the preheating temperature is 55 ℃, and the preheating time is 1.5 h;
(3) hydrothermal carbonization treatment: injecting the preheated material into a hydrothermal carbonization reaction kettle, wherein the injection amount of the material is 3/5 of the volume of the reaction kettle; setting the temperature of the hydrothermal carbonization reaction kettle to 180 ℃ and the reaction time to 3.5 h;
(4) and (3) dehydration treatment: mechanically dehydrating the material subjected to the step (3) to obtain hydrothermal carbon and dehydration liquid, and controlling the water content of the hydrothermal carbon to be 50%; adding the dehydration liquid into a liquid storage tank, and refluxing the separated water to the stirring tank in the step (1) to obtain a liquid fertilizer which can be returned to the field for utilization;
(5) ultra-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment: adding 45% hydrothermal charcoal into 0.3% of Thermus thermophilus Calditerricola yamamura with bacterial powder concentration of 2.1 × 109CFU/g, turning uniformly, arranging a ventilation device to ensure that the materials are fully aerobic, maintaining the highest temperature at 90 ℃ for 2 days, and fermenting for 18 days.
Example 3
A low-energy-consumption hydrothermal carbonization coupled ultra-high-temperature aerobic fermentation method is shown in a specific flow chart in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
(1) material pretreatment: controlling the water content of the fresh pig manure to be 75%, and conveying the pig manure to a storage pool;
(2) preheating treatment: adding the materials into a preheating tank for preheating treatment, wherein the preheating temperature is 50 ℃, and the preheating time is 2 hours;
(3) hydrothermal carbonization treatment: injecting the preheated material into a hydrothermal carbonization reaction kettle, wherein the injection amount of the material is 4/5 of the volume of the reaction kettle; setting the temperature of the hydrothermal carbonization reaction kettle at 220 ℃ and the reaction time at 1.5 h;
(4) and (3) dehydration treatment: mechanically dehydrating the material subjected to the step (3) to obtain hydrothermal carbon and dehydration liquid, and controlling the water content of the hydrothermal carbon to be 48%; adding the dehydration liquid into a liquid storage tank, and refluxing the separated water into a stirring tank to obtain a liquid fertilizer which can be returned to the field for utilization;
(5) ultra-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment: adding 45% hydrothermal charcoal into 0.4% of Thermus thermophilus Calditerricola satsumensis with powder concentration of 6.8 × 109CFU/g, turning uniformly, arranging a ventilation device to ensure that the materials are fully aerobic, maintaining the highest temperature at 90 ℃ for 3 days, and fermenting for 21 days.
Example 4
A low-energy-consumption hydrothermal carbonization coupled ultra-high-temperature aerobic fermentation method is shown in a specific flow chart in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
(1) material pretreatment: controlling the water content of the fresh pig manure to be 85 percent, and conveying the pig manure into a storage pool;
(2) preheating treatment: adding the materials into a preheating tank for preheating treatment, wherein the preheating temperature is 70 ℃, and the preheating time is 0.8 h;
(3) hydrothermal carbonization treatment: injecting the preheated material into a hydrothermal carbonization reaction kettle, wherein the injection amount of the material is 4/5 of the volume of the reaction kettle, and adjusting the pH value to 6.0 by adopting acetic acid; setting the temperature of the hydrothermal carbonization reaction kettle at 220 ℃ and the reaction time at 1 h;
(4) and (3) dehydration treatment: mechanically dehydrating the material subjected to the step (3) to obtain hydrothermal carbon and dehydration liquid, and controlling the water content of the hydrothermal carbon to be 48%; adding the dehydration liquid into a liquid storage tank, and refluxing the separated water into a stirring tank to obtain a liquid fertilizer which can be returned to the field for utilization;
(5) ultra-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment: adding 40% hydrothermal charcoal into 0.1% thermophilic Calditerricola satsumensis by weight, wherein the concentration of the bacterial powder is 6.8 × 109CFU/g, turning uniformly, arranging a ventilation device to ensure that the materials are fully aerobic, maintaining the highest temperature at 85 ℃ for 5 days, and fermenting for 21 days.
Example 5
A low-energy-consumption hydrothermal carbonization coupled ultra-high-temperature aerobic fermentation method is shown in a specific flow chart in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
(1) material pretreatment: conveying the kitchen waste into a stirring pool, controlling the water content of serosity to be 75% after water injection, carrying out serosity treatment for 1h, removing impurities in an impurity removal device, and conveying the kitchen waste into a waste storage pool;
(2) preheating treatment: adding the materials into a preheating tank for preheating treatment, wherein the preheating temperature is 45 ℃, and the preheating time is 2 hours;
(3) hydrothermal carbonization treatment: injecting the preheated material into a hydrothermal carbonization reaction kettle, wherein the injection amount of the material is 3/5 of the volume of the reaction kettle, and adjusting the pH value to 7.0 by adopting acetic acid; setting the temperature of the hydrothermal carbonization reaction kettle to 300 ℃ and the reaction time to 0.5 h;
(4) and (3) dehydration treatment: mechanically dehydrating the material subjected to the step (3) to obtain hydrothermal carbon and dehydration liquid, and controlling the water content of the hydrothermal carbon to be 50%; adding the dehydration liquid into a liquid storage tank, and refluxing the separated water to the stirring tank in the step (1) to obtain a liquid fertilizer which can be returned to the field for utilization;
(5) ultra-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment: adding 45% hydrothermal charcoal into 0.3% of Thermus thermophilus Calditerricola yamamura with bacterial powder concentration of 2.1 × 109CFU/g, turning uniformly, arranging a ventilation device to ensure that the materials are fully aerobic, maintaining the highest temperature at 90 ℃ for 2 days, and fermenting for 18 days.
Example 6
A low-energy-consumption hydrothermal carbonization coupled ultra-high-temperature aerobic fermentation method is shown in a specific flow chart in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
(1) material pretreatment: controlling the water content of the municipal sludge to be 80 percent, and conveying the municipal sludge to a waste storage pool;
(2) preheating treatment: adding the materials into a preheating tank for preheating treatment, wherein the preheating temperature is 60 ℃, and the preheating time is 2 hours;
(3) hydrothermal carbonization treatment: injecting the preheated material into a hydrothermal carbonization reaction kettle, wherein the injection amount of the material is 3.5/5 of the volume of the reaction kettle; setting the temperature of the hydrothermal carbonization reaction kettle to 180 ℃ and the reaction time to 6.5 h;
(4) and (3) dehydration treatment: mechanically dehydrating the material subjected to the step (3) to obtain hydrothermal carbon and dehydration liquid, and controlling the water content of the hydrothermal carbon to be 43%; adding the dehydration liquid into a liquid storage tank, and refluxing the separated water into a stirring tank to obtain a liquid fertilizer which can be returned to the field for utilization;
(5) ultra-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment: adding 0.5 wt% of extreme thermophilic bacteria Thermus thermophilus (Thermus thermophilus) into hydrothermal charcoal with water content of 45%, wherein the concentration of the powder is 1.55 × 109And (3) CFU/g, uniformly turning, arranging ventilation equipment to ensure that the materials are fully aerobic, maintaining the highest temperature at 85 ℃ for 4 days, and fermenting for 21 days to obtain a soil conditioner, and returning the soil conditioner to the field for utilization.
According to the method, the organic waste is degraded and stabilized through the primary hydrothermal carbonization treatment and the secondary ultrahigh temperature fermentation treatment, the activity of the extreme thermophilic bacteria can be fully exerted, nutrient substances such as N, P in the waste and the like required by the growth of crops can be well reserved, and heavy metals in the final product can be effectively passivated. The final product can be used as a soil conditioner, the soil structure and the biological activity are improved, and the migration rate of heavy metals in soil is reduced.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A hydrothermal carbonization and ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation method is characterized in that organic solid waste is subjected to hydrothermal carbonization treatment, an obtained solid-liquid mixture is subjected to dehydration treatment to obtain hydrothermal carbon, and the hydrothermal carbon is subjected to ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation treatment to obtain a soil conditioner.
2. The hydrothermal carbonization coupled ultra-high temperature aerobic fermentation method according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of materials
Adjusting the water content of the organic solid waste by adopting water to obtain organic solid waste slurry;
(2) preheating treatment
Sending the organic solid waste slurry into a preheating tank, and preheating for 0.8-2h at the temperature of 45-70 ℃;
(3) hydrothermal carbonization treatment
Injecting the preheated material into a hydrothermal carbonization reaction kettle for hydrothermal carbonization treatment, wherein the reaction temperature in the hydrothermal carbonization treatment process is 180-300 ℃, the reaction time is 0.5-6.5h, and cooling and depressurizing the material after the hydrothermal carbonization treatment is finished;
(4) dehydration treatment
Dehydrating the material after being cooled and depressurized to obtain hydrothermal carbon and dehydration liquid;
(5) ultra-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment
Adding extreme thermophilic bacteria into the hydrothermal carbon obtained by dehydration treatment, turning the pile uniformly, ventilating the material to provide oxygen, and maintaining the highest temperature of the material at 85-90 ℃ for 2-5 days; then performing static fermentation on the material for 18-21 days to obtain a soil conditioner, wherein the inoculation amount of the extreme thermophilic bacteria is 0.1% -0.5% of the weight of the hydrothermal carbon; the extreme thermophilic bacteria is selected from one or more of Thermus thermophilus, Calditerricola yamamura and Calditerricola satsumensis.
3. The hydrothermal carbonization coupled ultra-high temperature aerobic fermentation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the initial water content of the hydrothermal charcoal in the step (5) is 40-50%.
4. The hydrothermal carbonization coupled ultra-high temperature aerobic fermentation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thallus concentration of the extreme thermophilic bacteria added in the step (5) is 1.52 x 109CFU/g is higher than the standard.
5. The hydrothermal carbonization coupled ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dehydrated liquid obtained in the step (4) is sent to a liquid storage tank, the separated water is refluxed to the step (1) to adjust the water content of the organic solid waste, and the separated liquid fertilizer is returned to the field for utilization.
6. The hydrothermal carbonization coupled ultra-high temperature aerobic fermentation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water content of the organic solid waste slurry in the step (1) is 75-85%.
7. The hydrothermal carbonization coupled ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the organic solid waste is one or a mixture of municipal sludge and fresh livestock and poultry manure, and is directly fed into a waste storage tank as organic solid waste slurry;
the organic solid waste is kitchen waste, the kitchen waste is placed in a stirring pool, water is added for stirring uniformly, slurrying treatment is carried out for 0.5-1h, the kitchen waste slurry is sent into an impurity removal device to remove recyclable impurities and/or impurities capable of being directly buried, and the obtained kitchen waste slurry is sent into a waste storage pool to serve as the organic solid waste slurry.
8. The hydrothermal carbonization coupled ultra-high temperature aerobic fermentation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of the material in the hydrothermal carbonization reaction kettle in the step (3) is 3/5-4/5 of the volume of the hydrothermal carbonization reaction kettle.
9. The hydrothermal carbonization coupled ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature of the hydrothermal carbonization treatment in the step (3) is 180-.
10. The hydrothermal carbonization coupled ultra-high temperature aerobic fermentation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein acetic acid is added to the material in the hydrothermal carbonization reaction kettle in the step (3) to adjust the pH value to 6.0-7.0.
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