CN112626139A - Method and device for producing carbon source by using kitchen garbage - Google Patents
Method and device for producing carbon source by using kitchen garbage Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000011218 seed culture Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 16
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
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- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 5
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000004911 serous fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
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- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218588 Lactobacillus rhamnosus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000088401 Pyrus pyrifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001630 Pyrus pyrifolia var culta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
- C12P7/56—Lactic acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
- C12M45/02—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances by mechanical forces; Stirring; Trituration; Comminuting
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- C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
- C12M47/10—Separation or concentration of fermentation products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for producing a carbon source by using kitchen garbage, wherein the method comprises the following steps: crushing the kitchen garbage, extruding and dehydrating to separate slurry; carrying out three-phase separation on the slurry to separate solid residues of a solid phase, oil of an oil phase and slurry of a liquid phase; mixing the slurry generated by three-phase separation with the lactobacillus seed liquid, and fermenting after setting fermentation parameters; and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fermentation liquor, and compounding the generated liquid with organic matters to form a carbon source. According to the method and the device for producing the carbon source by using the kitchen waste, the kitchen waste is used as a raw material to produce the cheap and efficient composite carbon source, the fermentation conditions are controlled, the efficient lactic acid bacteria are inoculated, the directional lactic acid fermentation of the kitchen waste is realized, the volatility of the lactic acid is low, so that the components of the fermentation liquor taking the lactic acid as the main component are relatively stable, the fermentation process is easier to control, and the stability of the process for producing the carbon source is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of garbage treatment, and particularly relates to a method and a device for producing a carbon source by using kitchen garbage.
Background
With the improvement of the discharge standard of sewage treatment plants in China, the problem of exceeding the total nitrogen is more and more emphasized. At present, most sewage plants adopt a biological denitrification process, wherein the denitrification process needs organic matters (carbon sources) as electron donors. However, due to the limitation of biochemical treatment process, most of the denitrification stages of sewage treatment plants have the problems of carbon-nitrogen ratio imbalance or insufficient biochemical property, and organic matters are required to be added as a supplementary carbon source. At present, methanol, acetic acid, glucose, ethanol and the like are most widely used, the denitrification effect is good, but the price is high, so that the cost of a carbon source of a sewage plant accounts for more than 50% of the daily operation and management cost of the sewage plant. The demand of the additional carbon source is huge, so that the running cost of a sewage treatment plant can be effectively reduced and the sewage treatment cost can be reduced by searching a carbon source which is efficient, stable and lower in price.
On the other hand, the kitchen waste has high organic matter content and large production amount, is easy to decay and pollute the environment, and has strong resource utilization potential. At present, the methods for treating kitchen waste mainly comprise the following steps: composting, sanitary landfills, incineration and anaerobic digestion. The sanitary landfill disposal is the simplest, but has the problems of resource waste, wide occupied area and hidden leakage danger. The incineration treatment is most thorough, but the water content of the kitchen waste is high, and the incineration treatment cost is high. The compost and the anaerobic digestion have certain resource recovery capability, but have the problems of relatively complex process and low economic benefit of products. With the implementation of domestic waste classification management system in China, new kitchen waste reduction, harmless and recycling treatment technology is urgently needed to be developed. Researches find that in the anaerobic digestion process of kitchen waste, intermediate hydrolysis products including acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid and other volatile organic acids (VFA) are easy to be absorbed and utilized by denitrifying bacteria and are good raw materials for preparing carbon sources. However, the kitchen waste has complex components, the fermentation conditions are difficult to control, and the product components are unstable, so that the application of the kitchen waste in preparing the composite carbon source by anaerobic fermentation is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a method and a device for producing a carbon source by using kitchen waste, which aim to solve the technical problem that the fermentation condition is difficult to control when the carbon source is prepared from the kitchen waste in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: provides a method for producing a carbon source by using kitchen garbage, which comprises the following steps:
crushing the kitchen garbage, extruding and dehydrating to separate slurry;
carrying out three-phase separation on the slurry to separate solid residues of a solid phase, oil of an oil phase and slurry of a liquid phase;
mixing the slurry generated by three-phase separation with the lactobacillus seed liquid, and fermenting after setting fermentation parameters;
and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fermentation liquor, and compounding the generated liquid with organic matters to form a carbon source.
In one embodiment, before the step of separating the slurry into the solid-phase secondary solid residue, the oil-phase fat and the liquid-phase slurry by three-phase separation, the slurry obtained by press dewatering is heated to dissolve out the fat and oil.
In one embodiment, the slurry produced by extrusion dewatering is heated at 80-120 deg.C for 30-90 min.
In one embodiment, the preparation method of the lactobacillus seed solution comprises the following steps: inoculating lactobacillus strain into seed culture medium sterilized at 100 + -5 deg.C, and culturing at 30-55 deg.C for 5-15 hr with inoculation ratio of 1% -10%.
In one embodiment, the seed medium comprises the following components: 10-50g/L of glucose, 1-8g/L of peptone, 1-8g/L of yeast powder, 1-6g/L of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5-3g/L of dipotassium phosphate.
In one embodiment, the fermentation parameters include organic loading, pH and fermentation temperature, the organic loading is 10-20kgVSm-3d-1(ii) a The pH value is 5.0-7.0, and the fermentation temperature is 35-50 ℃.
In one embodiment, the organic substance is one or more of methanol, sodium acetate, glucose and ethanol.
The invention also provides a device for producing a carbon source by using the kitchen waste, and the method for producing the carbon source by using the kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
the crusher is used for crushing the kitchen garbage to form slurry;
the extruder is used for extruding the slurry to form slurry;
the three-phase centrifuge is used for carrying out three-phase separation on the slurry formed by extrusion so as to separate solid residues of a solid phase, oil of an oil phase and slurry of a liquid phase;
the fermentation tank is used for fermenting the slurry which is subjected to three-phase centrifugation and then is added into the lactobacillus seed liquid; and
the centrifugal dehydrator is used for performing solid-liquid separation on substances generated by fermentation;
the crusher, the extruder, the three-phase centrifuge, the fermentation tank and the centrifuge are connected in sequence.
In one embodiment, the apparatus for producing a carbon source using kitchen garbage further comprises a hydrothermal tank disposed between the extruder and the three-phase centrifuge, the hydrothermal tank being used for wet-heat hydrolysis of the slurry formed by the extrusion.
In one embodiment, the crusher is a twin shaft crusher.
The method and the device for producing the carbon source by using the kitchen garbage have the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the method for producing the carbon source by using the kitchen garbage comprises the following steps: firstly, crushing kitchen garbage, carrying out extrusion dehydration, separating slurry, and carrying out three-phase separation on the slurry to form liquid-phase slurry; mixing the slurry generated by three-phase separation with lactobacillus seed solution and fermenting; and finally, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fermentation liquor, and compounding the liquid phase part with the organic matter to form the carbon source. According to the method, the kitchen waste is used as a raw material to produce a cheap and efficient composite carbon source, fermentation conditions are controlled, efficient lactic acid bacteria are inoculated to realize directional lactic acid fermentation of the kitchen waste, fermentation liquor containing lactic acid with higher concentration is separated, and the lactic acid fermentation liquor and other organic matters are compounded to form an external carbon source for sewage treatment, so that the harmless treatment of the kitchen waste is realized, and the denitrification cost of a sewage plant can be reduced. The volatility of the lactic acid is low, so that the fermentation liquor taking the lactic acid as the main component has stable components, the fermentation process is easier to control, and the stability of the process for producing the carbon source is ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for producing a carbon source from kitchen waste according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for producing carbon source from kitchen garbage according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, in the figures, the respective reference numerals:
1-a crusher; 2-extruding machine; 3-a water heating tank; 4-a three-phase centrifuge; 5-fermentation tank; 6-centrifugal dehydrator.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element.
It will be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like, as used herein, refer to an orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings, which is solely for the purpose of facilitating the description and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and is therefore not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
Now, a method for producing a carbon source using kitchen waste according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
In one embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, a method for producing a carbon source from kitchen garbage comprises the following steps:
s10: crushing the kitchen garbage, extruding and dehydrating to separate slurry;
s20: carrying out three-phase separation on the slurry to separate solid-phase secondary solid residues, oil phase grease and liquid-phase slurry;
s30: mixing the slurry generated by three-phase separation with the lactobacillus seed liquid, and fermenting after setting fermentation parameters;
s40: and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fermentation liquor, and compounding the generated liquid with organic matters to form a carbon source.
In the method for producing the carbon source by using the kitchen waste in the embodiment, the kitchen waste is firstly crushed and extruded and dehydrated, then the slurry is separated, and then the slurry is subjected to three-phase separation to form liquid-phase slurry; mixing the slurry generated by three-phase separation with lactobacillus seed solution and fermenting; and finally, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fermentation liquor, and compounding the liquid phase part with the organic matter to form the carbon source. According to the method, the kitchen waste is used as a raw material to produce a cheap and efficient composite carbon source, fermentation conditions are controlled, efficient lactic acid bacteria are inoculated to realize directional lactic acid fermentation of the kitchen waste, fermentation liquor containing lactic acid with higher concentration is separated, and the lactic acid fermentation liquor and other organic matters are compounded to form an external carbon source for sewage treatment, so that the harmless treatment of the kitchen waste is realized, and the denitrification cost of a sewage plant can be reduced. The volatility of the lactic acid is low, so that the fermentation liquor taking the lactic acid as the main component has stable components, the fermentation process is easier to control, and the stability of the process for producing the carbon source is ensured.
Before step S10, selecting impurities difficult to ferment, such as plastics, packing paper, bamboo, bottle caps, glass, metal objects, etc., in the kitchen waste, and selecting substances difficult to ferment, so as to reduce the content of inorganic substances in the kitchen waste, improve the fermentation efficiency, and reduce the equipment wear.
In step S10, before the kitchen waste is crushed, water is added to adjust the water content of the kitchen waste, and the kitchen waste is crushed in the crusher 1 to obtain a slurry. The solid-liquid ratio when adding water for regulation can be 1:1 to 1:5, such as 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and the like. The crusher 1 can be a double-shaft multi-tooth crusher, the rotating direction of a shaft is opposite to the flow direction of kitchen waste, large organic matters, plastics and the like can be scratched, and the kitchen waste can be pushed into equipment for extrusion and dehydration. The discharging particle size of the crusher 1 is 10-30mm, the discharging diameter of the double-shaft multi-tooth crusher is generally smaller than 15mm and far smaller than that of the general crusher 1, the smaller the discharging particle size of the kitchen garbage is, the easier the kitchen garbage is to be uniformly mixed, and the faster the subsequent hydrolysis acidification speed is. The kitchen garbage can be extruded and dehydrated by a high-pressure screw extruder, and slurry and solid slag are separated. The high-pressure screw extruder 2 adopts two-stage extrusion or three-stage extrusion, and the water content of the separated solid slag is lower than 70 percent. The separated solid residue can enter a wet-heat hydrolysis process, anaerobic fermentation is carried out subsequently, and the separated slurry is prepared for heating or direct three-phase separation.
Before step S20, the slurry separated in step S10 is heated to dissolve out solid oil in the slurry, so that more oil can be separated later, part of solid organic matter is liquefied, the content of organic matter in liquid phase is increased, and the conversion rate of carbon source can be increased. The slurry can be heated by the hydrothermal tank 3, namely the slurry is heated by a method of introducing steam, the heating temperature is 80-120 ℃, and the heating time is 30-90 min. For example, the heating temperature is 100 ℃ and the heating time is 45 min; heating at 90 deg.C for 30 min; the heating temperature is 100 deg.C, and the heating time is 60 min.
In step S20, the slurry is subjected to three-phase separation by the three-phase centrifuge 4, and solid residues of a solid phase, oil and fat of an oil phase, and a slurry of a liquid phase are separated. The three-phase centrifuge 4 may be a horizontal screw type. The separated solid residue can enter a wet-heat hydrolysis process, and then anaerobic fermentation is carried out; the purity of the separated grease is not lower than 95%, and the separated grease can be used as industrial grease (such as chemical raw materials or for preparing biodiesel) and has higher recovery value. The grease can be collected in a grease storage tank and is transported by a tank wagon regularly and sold to qualified enterprises.
In step S30, the slurry obtained by three-phase separation can be transferred to a fermentation tank, and the lactobacillus seed solution is inoculated, and fermentation is performed after setting the fermentation parameters, wherein the fermentation time is 36-96h, such as 48h, 72h, and 96 h. The fermentation parameters include organic loading, pH, fermentation temperature, etc. The organic load is 10-20kgVSm-3d-1E.g. 10kgVSm-3d-1、15kgVSm-3d-1、20kgVSm-3d-1And the like. When a conventional anaerobic digestion methanogenesis system is operated under high organic load, the system is unstable due to VFA accumulation and ammonia nitrogen inhibition, so that the organic load of a general anaerobic digestion system is lower than 5kgVSm-3d-1, and the hydraulic retention time exceeds 7 days. Compared with an anaerobic digestion methane production system, the method greatly improves the organic load, shortens the hydraulic retention time, greatly improves the treatment efficiency of kitchen garbage, and reduces the investment, the occupied area and the operation cost. The pH value is 5.0-7.0, such as 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, etc., and the pH value is controlled by adding hydrochloric acid. In an anaerobic digestion methanogenesis system, lactic acid bacteria are able to adapt to the pH range of 5.0-8.5, whereas lactic acid bacteria are able to adapt to a much smaller pH range, typically 6.5-7.5. Therefore, the pH value is controlled to be in the range of 5.0-7.0, the growth and metabolism of lactic acid bacteria are facilitated, and the use amount of alkali is reduced. The fermentation temperature is 35-50 deg.C, and the control method is steam heating. In a certain temperature range, the activity of the lactic acid bacteria increases with increasing temperature, but above a certain temperature, the activity of the lactic acid bacteria decreases. The components of small molecular organic matters in the hydrolysis acidification product are different at different temperatures.
Optionally, the preparation method of the lactobacillus seed solution comprises the following steps: inoculating lactobacillus strain into seed culture medium sterilized at 100 + -5 deg.C, and culturing at 30-55 deg.C for 5-15 hr at an inoculation ratio of 1% -10%, wherein the lactobacillus strain can be Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and the inoculation ratio can be 5%, 7%, etc. The seed culture medium comprises the following components: 10-50g/L glucose, 1-8g/L peptone, 1-8g/L yeast powder, 1-6g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5-3g/L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, preparing a seed culture medium according to the formula, heating the seed culture medium to 100 +/-5 ℃, sterilizing for 5-20min, cooling to below 40 ℃, and inoculating lactobacillus strains.
In step S40, the liquid fermented in the fermenter (fermentation liquid) is transferred to the centrifugal dehydrator 6 for solid-liquid separation, and the obtained liquid is compounded with other organic matters to form a carbon source for sewage treatment, wherein the carbon source has a TCOD concentration of not less than 100g/L and a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of more than 150. The fermentation liquor is mainly composed of lactic acid, and is compounded with other organic matters, wherein the organic matters are one or more of methanol, sodium acetate, glucose and ethanol, in order to improve the COD value of the fermentation liquor and the universality of the composite carbon source. The centrifugal dehydrator 6 can be a full-automatic variable frequency centrifugal dehydrator, and the water content of the dehydrated sludge is 80-85%.
The first embodiment is as follows:
municipal administration is received and transported the kitchen garbage, get rid of debris such as metal, plastics that can't ferment through sorting, add water and adjust the solid-to-liquid ratio to be 1:3, carry on broken defibrination and three-stage extrusion dehydration, make kitchen garbage serous fluid. Pumping the slurry into a hydrothermal tank 3, introducing steam, heating to 100 ℃, carrying out hydrothermal treatment for 45min, and extracting crude oil through a three-phase centrifuge 4. Pumping the slurry after oil extraction into a fermentation tank 5, adding 5% seed solution, adjusting pH to 6.0, and adjusting organic load to 150kgVSm-3d-1Fermenting for 72 hours at the fermentation temperature of 40 ℃. And (3) performing solid-liquid separation on the fermented liquid by using a centrifugal dehydrator 6, and compounding the separated liquid phase with 25% of sodium acetate according to the mass ratio of 3:1 to obtain the composite carbon source.
Example two:
municipal administration is received and transported the kitchen garbage, get rid of debris such as metal, plastics that can't ferment through sorting, add water and adjust the solid-to-liquid ratio to be 1:2, carry on broken defibrination and three-stage extrusion dehydration, make kitchen garbage serous fluid. Pumping the slurry into a hydrothermal tank 3, introducing steam, heating to 90 ℃, carrying out hydrothermal treatment for 30min, and extracting crude oil through a three-phase centrifuge 4. Pumping the slurry after oil extraction into a fermentation tank 5, adding 5% seed solution, adjusting pH to 7.0, and adjusting organic load to 10kgVSm-3d-1And fermenting for 48 hours at the fermentation temperature of 35 ℃. And (3) performing solid-liquid separation on the fermented liquid by using a centrifugal dehydrator 6, and compounding the separated liquid phase with 25% of sodium acetate according to the proportion of 3:1 to obtain the composite carbon source.
Example three:
municipal administration is received and transported the kitchen garbage, get rid of debris such as metal, plastics that can't ferment through sorting, add water and adjust the solid-to-liquid ratio to be 1:4, carry on broken defibrination and three-stage extrusion dehydration, make kitchen garbage serous fluid. Pumping the slurry into a hydrothermal tank 3, introducing steam, heating to 100 ℃, carrying out hydrothermal treatment for 60min, and extracting crude oil through a three-phase centrifuge 4. Pumping the slurry after oil extraction into a fermentation tank 5, adding 5% seed solution, adjusting pH to 5.0, and adjusting organic load to 20kgVSm-3d-1Fermenting at 50 deg.C for 96 hr. And (3) performing solid-liquid separation on the fermented liquid by using a centrifugal dehydrator 6, and compounding the separated liquid phase with 25% of sodium acetate according to the proportion of 3:1 to obtain the composite carbon source.
Comparative example one:
the preparation process described in the patent of the same kind (CN103243125B a method for preparing carbon source by anaerobic utilization of kitchen waste) is adopted. Firstly, removing substances which are unfavorable for fermentation, such as paper, plastics, inorganic substances and the like in the kitchen waste, and crushing the kitchen waste into particles with the particle size of less than 1 cm. And (3) putting the pretreated kitchen waste into an anaerobic acid production reactor for fermentation, controlling the temperature to be 35 ℃ and the pH value to be 6.0, and after 3 days of fermentation, centrifuging the supernatant at the rotating speed of 8000r/min to obtain the liquid, namely the composite carbon source.
Comparative example two (non prior art):
this comparative example differs from example one in that S20 is not present.
The municipal kitchen waste is collected and transported, impurities such as metal and plastic which cannot be fermented are removed through sorting, and the kitchen waste is crushed, ground and dehydrated through three-stage extrusion to prepare kitchen waste slurry. The slurry was pumped into fermentor 5, adjusted to pH 6.0 and organic load 150kgVSm-3d-1Fermenting for 72 hours at the fermentation temperature of 40 ℃. And (3) performing solid-liquid separation on the fermented liquid by using a centrifugal dehydrator 6, and compounding the separated liquid phase with 25% of sodium acetate according to the proportion of 3:1 to obtain the composite carbon source.
Comparative example three (non prior art):
this comparative example differs from example one in that S40 is not present.
The municipal administration is collected and transported the kitchen garbage, get rid of through the letter sorting and can' tAnd (3) crushing, grinding and dehydrating impurities such as fermented metal, plastic and the like by three-stage extrusion to prepare kitchen waste slurry. Pumping the slurry into a hydrothermal tank 3, introducing steam, heating to 100 ℃, carrying out hydrothermal treatment for 45min, and extracting crude oil through a three-phase centrifuge 4. Pumping the slurry after oil extraction into a fermentation tank 5, adjusting the pH value to 6.0 and the organic load to 150kgVSm-3d-1Fermenting for 72 hours at the fermentation temperature of 40 ℃. Taking supernatant after fermentation to be directly used as a composite carbon source.
Comparative example four (non prior art):
the comparative example differs from example one in that no lactic acid bacteria seed solution was added.
The municipal kitchen waste is sorted to remove impurities such as unfermentable metal, plastics and the like, water is added to adjust the solid-liquid ratio to be 1:3, and crushing, grinding and three-stage extrusion dehydration are carried out to prepare kitchen waste slurry. Pumping the slurry into a hydrothermal tank 3, introducing steam, heating to 100 ℃, carrying out hydrothermal treatment for 45min, and extracting crude oil through a three-phase centrifuge 4. Pumping the slurry after oil extraction into a fermentation tank 5, adjusting the pH value to 6.0 and the organic load to 150kgVSm-3d-1Fermenting for 72 hours at the fermentation temperature of 40 ℃. And (3) performing solid-liquid separation on the fermented liquid by using a centrifugal dehydrator 6, and compounding the separated liquid phase with 25% of sodium acetate according to the proportion of 3:1 to obtain the composite carbon source.
The composite carbon sources obtained in examples one to three and comparative examples one to four were tested to obtain the data shown in table 1 below. Wherein, the COD concentration is determined by a method of GB11914-89 standard method of determination of chemical oxygen demand, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is determined by a method of HJ535-2009 standard method of Nashi reagent spectrophotometry for determining water ammonia nitrogen.
TABLE 1
From the results in table 1, it can be seen that the COD concentration, the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the VFA concentration of the composite carbon source obtained in the first to third examples are all higher than 100g/L, 150 g/L and 5000mg/L, which indicates that the composite carbon source contains a high concentration of easily degradable small-molecular organic substances and is easily absorbed and utilized by microorganisms. From the results of comparative examples one to four, it is clear that the COD concentration, the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the VFA concentration of the prepared composite carbon source are reduced and the use benefit is not high without the existing steps in the invention.
Referring to fig. 2, the present invention further provides a device for producing a carbon source from kitchen waste, the device for producing a carbon source from kitchen waste according to any of the above embodiments, the device comprises a crusher 1, an extruder 2, a three-phase centrifuge 4, a fermentation tank 5 and a centrifugal dehydrator 6, which are connected in sequence, the crusher 1 is used for crushing kitchen waste to form a slurry from the kitchen waste, the extruder 2 is used for extruding the slurry to form a slurry, the three-phase centrifuge 4 is used for performing three-phase separation on the slurry formed by extrusion to separate solid residues of a solid phase, oil of an oil phase and a slurry of a liquid phase, the slurry generated by the three-phase centrifugation is transferred into the fermentation tank 5 and is added with a lactic acid bacteria seed solution to ferment the slurry, the centrifugal dehydrator 6 is used for performing solid-liquid separation on substances generated by fermentation, and the separated liquid is compounded with organic substances, the carbon source is formed, so that the cost of the carbon source in a sewage treatment plant can be greatly reduced.
The device for producing the carbon source by using the kitchen waste provided by the invention is used for producing the cheap and efficient composite carbon source by using the kitchen waste as the raw material, controlling the fermentation conditions, inoculating the efficient lactic acid bacteria to realize the directional lactic acid fermentation of the kitchen waste, separating the fermentation liquor containing the lactic acid with higher concentration, and compounding the lactic acid fermentation liquor and other organic matters into the additional carbon source for sewage treatment, thereby not only realizing the harmless treatment of the kitchen waste, but also reducing the denitrification cost of a sewage plant. The volatility of the lactic acid is low, so that the fermentation liquor taking the lactic acid as the main component has stable components, the fermentation process is easier to control, and the stability of the process for producing the carbon source is ensured.
In one embodiment of the invention, the device for producing the carbon source by using the kitchen waste further comprises a hydrothermal tank 3, the hydrothermal tank 3 is arranged between the extruder 2 and the three-phase centrifuge 4, the crusher 1 crushes the slurry to form slurry, the slurry is extruded by the extruder 2 to form slurry, the slurry is heated in the hydrothermal tank 3, grease in the slurry is dissolved out, more grease can be separated out subsequently, part of solid-phase organic matters are melted into liquid phase, the content of the organic matters in the liquid phase is increased, and the conversion rate of the carbon source can be improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for producing a carbon source by using kitchen garbage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
crushing the kitchen garbage, extruding and dehydrating to separate slurry;
carrying out three-phase separation on the slurry to separate solid residues of a solid phase, oil of an oil phase and slurry of a liquid phase;
mixing the slurry generated by three-phase separation with the lactobacillus seed liquid, and fermenting after setting fermentation parameters;
and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fermentation liquor, and compounding the generated liquid with organic matters to form a carbon source.
2. The method for producing a carbon source from kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the slurry obtained by press dewatering is heated to dissolve out the oil and fat before the step of separating the solid phase of the secondary solid residue, the oil phase of the oil and the liquid phase of the slurry by subjecting the slurry to three-phase separation.
3. The method for producing a carbon source using kitchen garbage according to claim 2, wherein the slurry obtained by press dehydration is heated at a temperature of 80 to 120 ℃ for a time of 30 to 90 min.
4. The method for producing a carbon source using kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the lactic acid bacteria seed solution comprises: inoculating lactobacillus strain into seed culture medium sterilized at 100 + -5 deg.C, and culturing at 30-55 deg.C for 5-15 hr with inoculation ratio of 1% -10%.
5. The method for producing a carbon source using kitchen waste according to claim 4, wherein the seed culture medium comprises: 10-50g/L of glucose, 1-8g/L of peptone, 1-8g/L of yeast powder, 1-6g/L of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5-3g/L of dipotassium phosphate.
6. The method for producing a carbon source using kitchen garbage according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation parameters include organic load, pH and fermentation temperature, and the organic load is 10-20kgVSm-3d-1(ii) a The pH value is 5.0-7.0, and the fermentation temperature is 35-50 ℃.
7. The method for producing a carbon source using kitchen garbage according to claim 1, wherein the organic material is one or more selected from the group consisting of methanol, sodium acetate, glucose and ethanol.
8. An apparatus for producing a carbon source from kitchen waste, which is the method for producing a carbon source from kitchen waste according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:
the crusher is used for crushing the kitchen garbage to form slurry;
the extruder is used for extruding the slurry to form slurry;
the three-phase centrifuge is used for carrying out three-phase separation on the slurry formed by extrusion so as to separate solid residues of a solid phase, oil of an oil phase and slurry of a liquid phase;
the fermentation tank is used for fermenting the slurry which is subjected to three-phase centrifugation and then is added into the lactobacillus seed liquid; and
the centrifugal dehydrator is used for performing solid-liquid separation on substances generated by fermentation;
the crusher, the extruder, the three-phase centrifuge, the fermentation tank and the centrifuge are connected in sequence.
9. The apparatus for producing a carbon source using kitchen garbage according to claim 8, wherein: the device for producing the carbon source by using the kitchen waste further comprises a hydrothermal tank arranged between the extruder and the three-phase centrifuge, and the hydrothermal tank is used for wet-heat hydrolysis and extrusion of formed slurry.
10. The apparatus for producing a carbon source using kitchen garbage according to claim 8, wherein: the crusher is a double-shaft crusher.
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