CN114455997A - Method for preparing biochar-based fertilizer based on hydrothermal carbonization method - Google Patents
Method for preparing biochar-based fertilizer based on hydrothermal carbonization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114455997A CN114455997A CN202210060361.XA CN202210060361A CN114455997A CN 114455997 A CN114455997 A CN 114455997A CN 202210060361 A CN202210060361 A CN 202210060361A CN 114455997 A CN114455997 A CN 114455997A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of biochar-based fertilizer preparation, and discloses a method for preparing biochar-based fertilizer based on a hydrothermal carbonization method, which comprises the following steps: separating the kitchen waste in three phases to obtain an organic solid-phase material; mixing the organic solid phase material with an acidic solvent, and carrying out hydrothermal acidification treatment; pumping the product of the hydrothermal acidification treatment into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal carbonization at 180-250 ℃ for 90-240 min, and cooling, dehydrating and drying the reaction product to form a biochar base; mixing the biochar base with an inorganic fertilizer, calcium oxide, a binder and water, and performing extrusion granulation on the mixture to obtain a biochar-based granular fertilizer; in conclusion, in the method provided by the invention, the organic solid-phase material obtained after three-phase separation of the kitchen waste is used as the raw material for the hydrothermal carbonization reaction, and hot water acidification pretreatment is also carried out, so that the defects of impure products, high oil content and high salt content after the reaction are effectively overcome, and the quality of the biomass charcoal is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biochar-based fertilizer preparation, and particularly relates to a method for preparing biochar-based fertilizer based on a hydrothermal carbonization method.
Background
In recent years, the hydrothermal carbonization method is of great interest for treating the kitchen waste, and compared with other thermochemical (cracking and liquefying) and biological conversion (fermentation and composting) technologies, the hydrothermal carbonization method has the advantages of no need of drying raw materials, low energy consumption, small equipment volume, high carbon fixing efficiency, easiness in storage and transportation of products and the like, and has remarkable advantages in the aspect of treating dispersed organic waste with high water content.
The hydrothermal carbonization is a process of converting carbohydrate or lignocellulose serving as a raw material and water serving as a reaction medium into a carbon material through a series of complex reactions at a certain temperature (180-250 ℃) and under a self-generated pressure in a closed system, and the formed biomass carbon material has the characteristics of developed pore structure, high specific surface area, stable aromatic structure, rich surface functional groups and the like, and has the advantages of strong adsorption capacity, stable chemical properties, strong regeneration capacity and the like.
At present, the mainstream process route for treating the kitchen waste at home and abroad mainly comprises three stages of pretreatment, resource treatment and product resource utilization. Organic solid-phase materials formed by pretreating kitchen waste through sorting, desanding, crushing, pulping, oil-water-solid three-phase separation and the like are usually subjected to resource utilization by adopting resource treatment processes such as wet/dry anaerobic nitrification, fertilizer formation or protein feed formation, wherein the fertilizer formation technology is limited in application due to the defects of incomplete sterilization, high salt content of the fertilizer, imbalance in nutrient proportion, longer compost treatment period, large floor area, relatively poor sanitary conditions and the like, and the urgent need for developing a new technology for improving the quality of the fertilizer is a necessary trend in the future.
It has been reported that the biomass charcoal product obtained after hydrothermal carbonization of kitchen waste can be applied to various fields such as fuel energy, ecological environment protection, electrode capacitance, carbon composite materials and the like (wannan, 2016, environmental science and technology, vol 39, S2). The biochar-based fertilizer is known as a novel green environment-friendly fertilizer, and the compounding of the biochar and the fertilizer is seen in a new development direction of the biochar-based fertilizer at present, however, the research of the biochar generated by the kitchen waste through a hydrothermal carbonization method as a raw material for preparing the biochar-based fertilizer still has no relevant report. In addition, if the kitchen waste is directly subjected to hydrothermal carbonization without pretreatment, the problems of complex product components, high oil content, high salt content, low carbon yield and the like can be caused, the quality of the fertilizer cannot be improved after the kitchen waste is compounded with the fertilizer, and the kitchen waste is applied to fields as the fertilizer and still lacks of various nutrients required by crops.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, in order to solve the problems in the background art, the present invention aims to provide a method for preparing a biochar-based fertilizer based on a hydrothermal carbonization method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing a biochar-based fertilizer based on a hydrothermal carbonization method comprises the following steps:
separating the kitchen waste by three phases to obtain an organic solid phase material;
mixing the organic solid phase material with an acidic solvent, and carrying out hydrothermal acidification treatment;
pumping the product of the hydrothermal acidification treatment into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal carbonization at 180-250 ℃ for 90-240 min, and cooling, dehydrating and drying the reaction product to form a biochar base;
and mixing the biochar base with an inorganic fertilizer, calcium oxide, a binder and water, and extruding and granulating the mixture to obtain the biochar-based granular fertilizer.
Preferably, the three-phase separation is an oil-water-solid three-phase separation.
Preferably, the pH value of the acidic solvent is 2-3, and the acidic solvent comprises water and an HCL solution with the concentration of 0.01 mol/L.
Preferably, the water content of the organic solid-phase material after being mixed with the acidic solvent is 70-85%.
Preferably, in the hydrothermal acidification treatment: the treatment temperature is 20-30 ℃, and the treatment time is 10-20 min.
Preferably, when the biochar base is mixed with inorganic fertilizer, calcium oxide, a binder and water, the biochar base comprises the following components:
mixing and stirring the biochar base, the inorganic fertilizer and the calcium oxide at 200-300 Rad/min, stirring for 40min, crushing and sieving by using a 16-mesh sieve;
and adding a binder and water into the powder obtained by sieving, and uniformly mixing.
Preferably, the mixing percentage of the biochar-based inorganic fertilizer and the calcium oxide is 55-65%: 20-40%: 5-8%; the binder accounts for 2-5% of the total amount of the mixture, and the water accounts for 5-10% of the total amount of the mixture.
Preferably, the inorganic fertilizer comprises 12-20% of urea, 6-10% of calcium superphosphate and 5-10% of potassium sulfate.
Preferably, the nitrogen content in the urea is 46%; the content of phosphorus pentoxide in the calcium superphosphate is 18 percent; the potassium content in the potassium sulfate is 50%.
Preferably, the binder is modified starch.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method provided by the invention, the organic solid-phase material obtained after three-phase separation of the kitchen waste is used as the raw material for the hydrothermal carbonization reaction, and hot water acidification pretreatment is also carried out, so that the defects of impure products, high oil content and high salt content after the reaction are effectively overcome, and the quality of the biomass charcoal is effectively improved. In addition, the precise proportion of each component of the biochar base fertilizer is realized by using the biochar composite inorganic fertilizer preparation technology, and the quality of the fertilizer is effectively improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for preparing a biochar-based fertilizer based on a hydrothermal carbonization method comprises the following steps:
separating the kitchen waste by three phases to obtain an organic solid phase material; wherein the three-phase separation comprises the operations of caching, draining, sorting, pulping, desanding, oil extraction and the like, and the oil-water-solid three-phase separation is realized;
pumping the organic solid-phase material into a hydrothermal pre-reactor, adding an acidic solvent comprising water and an HCL solution, wherein the pH value of the acidic solvent is 2, the concentration of the HCL solution is 0.01mol/L, the water content of the mixed organic solid-phase material and the acidic solvent is 85%, and carrying out hydrothermal acidification treatment at 25 ℃ for 10 min;
pumping the product of the hydrothermal acidification treatment into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal carbonization at 250 ℃ for 120min, and cooling, dehydrating and drying the reaction product to form a biochar base;
mixing 60% of biochar base, 20% of urea (wherein the nitrogen content is 46%), 10% of calcium superphosphate (wherein the phosphorus pentoxide content is 18%), 5% of potassium sulfate (wherein the potassium content is 50%) and 5% of calcium oxide at a speed of 250Rad/min, stirring for 40min, then crushing and sieving by using a 16-mesh sieve;
adding 2% of binder (modified starch) and 10% of water into the powder obtained by sieving, and uniformly mixing;
the mixture is extruded and granulated to obtain the biochar-based granulated fertilizer.
As described above, the biochar base manufactured in this example had a carbon yield of 41.4%, a specific surface area of 5.01m/g, and an average adsorption pore size of 4.88nm, and in which the humic substance content was 38%, the organic substance content was 62%, the salt content was 0.22%, and the total nutrient including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 4.9%;
in addition, the total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the prepared biochar-based granulated fertilizer in the embodiment exceeds 25%, and the biochar content is 55%.
Example 2
A method for preparing a biochar-based fertilizer based on a hydrothermal carbonization method comprises the following steps:
separating the kitchen waste by three phases to obtain an organic solid phase material; wherein the three-phase separation comprises the operations of caching, draining, sorting, pulping, desanding, oil extraction and the like, and the oil-water-solid three-phase separation is realized;
pumping the organic solid-phase material into a hydrothermal pre-reactor, adding an acidic solvent comprising water and an HCL solution, wherein the pH value of the acidic solvent is 3, the concentration of the HCL solution is 0.01mol/L, the water content of the mixed organic solid-phase material and the acidic solvent is 80%, and carrying out hydrothermal acidification treatment at 25 ℃ for 20 min;
pumping a product subjected to hydrothermal acidification treatment into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal carbonization for 180min at 220 ℃, and cooling, dehydrating and drying the reaction product to form a biochar base;
mixing 65% of biochar base, 12% of urea (wherein the nitrogen content is 46%), 10% of calcium superphosphate (wherein the phosphorus pentoxide content is 18%), 5% of potassium sulfate (wherein the potassium content is 50%) and 8% of calcium oxide at the speed of 200Rad/min, stirring for 40min, then crushing and sieving by using a 16-mesh sieve;
adding 2% of binder (modified starch) and 10% of water into the powder obtained by sieving, and uniformly mixing;
the mixture is extruded and granulated to obtain the biochar-based granulated fertilizer.
As described above, the biochar base manufactured in this example has a carbon generation rate of 52.7%, a specific surface area of 8.45m/g, and an average adsorption pore size of 6.23nm, and in which the humic substance content is 40%, the organic substance content is 72%, the salt content is 0.22%, and the total nutrient including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 6.7%;
in addition, the total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the prepared biochar-based granulated fertilizer in the embodiment exceeds 25%, and the biochar content is 65%.
Example 3
A method for preparing a biochar-based fertilizer based on a hydrothermal carbonization method comprises the following steps:
separating the kitchen waste by three phases to obtain an organic solid phase material; wherein the three-phase separation comprises the operations of caching, draining, sorting, pulping, desanding, oil extraction and the like, and the oil-water-solid three-phase separation is realized;
pumping the organic solid-phase material into a hydrothermal pre-reactor, adding an acidic solvent comprising water and an HCL solution, wherein the pH value of the acidic solvent is 3, the concentration of the HCL solution is 0.01mol/L, the water content of the mixed organic solid-phase material and the acidic solvent is 80%, and carrying out hydrothermal acidification treatment at 30 ℃ for 20 min;
pumping the product of the hydrothermal acidification treatment into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal carbonization at 180 ℃ for 240min, and cooling, dehydrating and drying the reaction product to form a biochar base;
mixing 55% of biochar base, 20% of urea (wherein the nitrogen content is 46%), 10% of calcium superphosphate (wherein the phosphorus pentoxide content is 18%), 10% of potassium sulfate (wherein the potassium content is 50%) and 8% of calcium oxide at the speed of 300Rad/min, stirring for 40min, then crushing and sieving by using a 16-mesh sieve;
adding 4% of binder (modified starch) and 6% of water into the powder obtained by sieving, and uniformly mixing;
the mixture is extruded and granulated to obtain the biochar-based granulated fertilizer.
As described above, the biochar base manufactured in this example had a carbon yield of 49.8%, a specific surface area of 6.34m/g, and an average adsorption pore size of 5.28nm, and in which the humic substance content was 39%, the organic substance content was 70%, the salt content was 0.22%, and the total nutrient including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 5.8%;
in addition, the total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the prepared biochar-based granulated fertilizer in the embodiment exceeds 25%, and the biochar content is 60%.
In summary, when the organic solid-phase material obtained after three-phase separation of the kitchen waste is used as a raw material for hydrothermal carbonization reaction, the carbon production rate in the biochar base is 41.4-52.7%, the specific surface area is 5.01-8.45 m/g, the average adsorption pore diameter is 4.88-6.23 nm, the content of humus is 38-40%, the content of organic matters is 62-72%, the content of salt is 0.22%, and the total nutrient including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 4.9-6.7%; in addition, the total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the prepared biochar-based granulated fertilizer exceeds 25%, and the biochar content is 55-65%, so that the national standard of the biochar-based fertilizer can be effectively met.
Comparative example 1
Pumping untreated kitchen waste into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal carbonization at 180-250 ℃ for 90-240 min, and cooling, dehydrating and drying a reaction product to form a biochar base.
In the comparative example, the carbon generation rate in the biochar base is 31.3-42.8%, the specific surface area is 3.21-5.65 m/g, and the average adsorption pore diameter is 2.57-4.43 nm.
From the above, based on the comparison of the above examples with comparative example 1, it can be seen that the method of the present invention effectively improves the production quality of the biochar-based.
Comparative example 2
Separating the kitchen waste by three phases to obtain an organic solid phase material;
composting organic solid phase materials to obtain the biochar base.
In the comparative example, the content of humus, the content of organic matters and the content of salt in the biochar base are 45.6%, 39-43% and 1.38%, and the total nutrient including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1.9-5.4%.
From the above, based on the comparison between the above example and the comparative example 2, the contents of humus and salt are both greatly reduced, thereby effectively solving the problems of impure products, high oil content, high salt content and the like after the reaction; the content of organic matters and total nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is greatly improved, so that the nutrient content of the fertilizer prepared by the method is effectively improved, and the quality of the fertilizer is improved.
In the above description, although the steps are described as sequential processes, many of the steps may be performed alternatively, in parallel, concurrently, or simultaneously. In addition, the order of the steps may be rearranged. Also, the process may be terminated when its operations are completed, but may also have additional steps not included.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a biochar-based fertilizer based on a hydrothermal carbonization method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
separating the kitchen waste by three phases to obtain an organic solid phase material;
mixing the organic solid phase material with an acidic solvent, and carrying out hydrothermal acidification treatment;
pumping the product of the hydrothermal acidification treatment into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal carbonization at 180-250 ℃ for 90-240 min, and cooling, dehydrating and drying the reaction product to form a biochar base;
and mixing the biochar base with an inorganic fertilizer, calcium oxide, a binder and water, and extruding and granulating the mixture to obtain the biochar-based granular fertilizer.
2. The method for preparing the biochar-based fertilizer based on the hydrothermal carbonization method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the three-phase separation is oil-water-solid three-phase separation.
3. The method for preparing the biochar-based fertilizer based on the hydrothermal carbonization method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the pH value of the acidic solvent is 2-3, and the acidic solvent comprises water and a HCL solution with the concentration of 0.01 mol/L.
4. The method for preparing the biochar-based fertilizer based on the hydrothermal carbonization method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: the water content of the organic solid-phase material after being mixed with the acidic solvent is 70-85%.
5. The method for preparing the biochar-based fertilizer based on the hydrothermal carbonization method as claimed in claim 1, 3 or 4, wherein in the hydrothermal acidification treatment: the treatment temperature is 20-30 ℃, and the treatment time is 10-20 min.
6. The method for preparing the biochar-based fertilizer based on the hydrothermal carbonization method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixing of the biochar-based fertilizer with the inorganic fertilizer, calcium oxide, the binder and water comprises:
mixing and stirring the biochar base, the inorganic fertilizer and the calcium oxide at 200-300 Rad/min, stirring for 40min, crushing and sieving by using a 16-mesh sieve;
and adding a binder and water into the powder obtained by sieving, and uniformly mixing.
7. The method for preparing the biochar-based fertilizer based on the hydrothermal carbonization method as claimed in claim 1 or 6, wherein: the mixing percentage of the biochar base, the inorganic fertilizer and the calcium oxide is 55-65%: 20-40%: 5-8%; the binder accounts for 2-5% of the total amount of the mixture, and the water accounts for 5-10% of the total amount of the mixture.
8. The method for preparing the biochar-based fertilizer based on the hydrothermal carbonization method as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: the inorganic fertilizer comprises 12-20% of urea, 6-10% of calcium superphosphate and 5-10% of potassium sulfate.
9. The method for preparing the biochar-based fertilizer based on the hydrothermal carbonization method as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: the nitrogen content in the urea is 46 percent; the content of phosphorus pentoxide in the calcium superphosphate is 18 percent; the potassium content in the potassium sulfate is 50%.
10. The method for preparing the biochar-based fertilizer based on the hydrothermal carbonization method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the binder is modified starch.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115322053A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-11-11 | 祖宗田(成都)科技有限公司 | Preparation method and application of saline-alkali soil remediation agent |
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