CN110240386B - Straw and sludge cooperative treatment device and method - Google Patents
Straw and sludge cooperative treatment device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110240386B CN110240386B CN201910624235.0A CN201910624235A CN110240386B CN 110240386 B CN110240386 B CN 110240386B CN 201910624235 A CN201910624235 A CN 201910624235A CN 110240386 B CN110240386 B CN 110240386B
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- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 257
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 231
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 189
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 144
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 76
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 231100001234 toxic pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/008—Sludge treatment by fixation or solidification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
- C02F11/143—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using inorganic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/40—Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of waste resource utilization, and discloses a device and a method for cooperatively treating straw and sludge. The method for cooperatively treating the straw and the sludge comprises the following steps: (1) Crushing, drying and performing anaerobic pyrolysis on the straw in sequence, and cooling to obtain straw pyrolytic carbon; (2) Mixing and tempering the straw pyrolytic carbon and the sludge, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation on the obtained mixed and tempered product; drying and dehydrating the obtained solid phase, performing anaerobic pyrolysis, and cooling to obtain modified sludge pyrolytic carbon; the obtained liquid phase is treated with sewage to ensure that the sewage is discharged after reaching the standard; (3) The pyrolysis gas generated by the anaerobic pyrolysis of the dry crushed straw is combusted to be used as energy sources for the anaerobic pyrolysis, the solid-phase drying and the solid-phase anaerobic pyrolysis of the straw, and the flue gas generated by the solid-phase drying and the anaerobic pyrolysis is used as energy sources for the drying of the straw. The device and the method provided by the invention can improve the performance index of the sludge pyrolytic carbon, avoid the haze problem generated by straw burning, and realize energy cascade utilization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of waste resource utilization, and particularly relates to a device and a method for cooperatively treating straw and sludge.
Background
The crop straw in China has large yield, wide distribution and various types. According to investigation and statistics, the collection amount of the straw exceeds 7 hundred million tons per year, and the utilization rate is less than 70%. Straw has long been a valuable resource for farmer life and agricultural development, but with the change of agricultural production modes and improvement of rural life conditions, the dependence of farmers in a cultivation mode taking families as units on straw is gradually reduced, the enthusiasm of collecting and using straw is reduced, regional, seasonal and structural straw surplus phenomena occur, and most of the excess straw is subjected to open air incineration treatment. Research shows that the large-area concentrated incineration of the straws in a short period has higher contribution degree to haze, and brings great adverse effect to the surrounding area environment; the local government often faces great difficulties in the management of burning forbidden straws. Therefore, the search for a more superior crop straw recycling technology is a key problem for treating haze, and the final development trend is to reduce open burning and to concentrate for recycling.
There have been many studies on straw treatment. CN106187453a discloses a carbonized straw bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, the carbonized straw bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from the bio-organic fertilizer and the carbonized straw organic fertilizer according to a weight ratio of 1:1, the organic fertilizer has complete nutrient elements, can improve soil, can not cause soil hardening, improves product quality and plant disease and pest resistance, and fully utilizes waste straw and animal manure in rural areas. CN106905051a discloses a method for producing liquid fertilizer by using straw carbonized product and pig raising wastewater, adding straw carbon powder into pig raising wastewater, fully mixing, standing for 2-3 days, taking out supernatant, adding refined straw vinegar liquid into the supernatant, standing for 12-24 hours, adding straw carbon powder and fly ash, standing for 24 hours, filtering, obtaining filtrate, adding magnesium sulfate, boric acid, ferrous sulfate, calcium nitrate and dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid into the filtrate, and uniformly mixing to obtain the liquid fertilizer. CN107266196a discloses a soil conditioner for straw carbonization and returning to field and a preparation method, phenol, ethanol and the like are separated and extracted in advance through straw carbonization, so that the soil conditioner composed of straw carbon, brown coal dust and zeolite for adsorbing wood vinegar is obtained, dispersed soil particles can be promoted to agglomerate to form granules, the content and stability of water-stable granules in soil are increased, and the air and water permeability, water retention and fertilizer retention are improved. The above patent application mainly treats the straw as a bio-fertilizer to facilitate the soil utilization.
CN106179212a discloses a straw carbonization method, which relates to the technical field of agriculture, and comprises the steps of straw soil removal treatment, straw crushing, mixing, straw carbonization and compression of finished products, so that active carbon with strong adsorption capacity is formed, environmental pollution caused by straw incineration can be avoided, a large amount of space occupied by straw accumulation can be avoided, and the straw can be reused to the greatest extent. CN108753328A discloses a carbonization processing method of corn stalk, firstly, pretreatment is carried out on the stalk, the stalk strength is improved, the ash content is reduced, then, a stepwise carbonization heating mode is adopted, so that the carbonization effect is improved, energy sources can be saved, finally, activation treatment is carried out, the gasification reaction and micropore formation rate are improved, and the prepared biomass charcoal has good uniform density and void structure, and large specific surface area which can reach 1200m 2 And/g, the adsorption capacity is strong, and the adsorption capacity at room temperature can reach 140mg/g. The above patent application prepares the straw into the activated carbon, and has the advantages of complex process, high cost and poor applicability.
CN101967416a provides a crop straw carbide alcohol-loaded solid fuel and a preparation method thereof. The solid fuel comprises carbide of crop straw, industrial alcohol and gelatinizer. Firstly, drying crop straws, cutting into sections, and carbonizing for 1-4 hours at 250-500 ℃ to obtain carbide of the crop straws; mixing 100 parts by weight of industrial alcohol with 1-5 parts by weight of gelling agent to obtain an alcoholic solution containing gelling agent; and then absorbing and carrying the alcohol solution containing the gelatinizer by using the carbide of the crop straw to obtain the alcohol-carrying solid fuel of the carbide of the crop straw. CN106318418A discloses a method for preparing biomass charcoal fuel by low-temperature carbonization of corn straw, after nitrogen is introduced into a carbonization furnace to make the furnace be in an anaerobic or low-oxygen environment, corn straw raw material particles are fed from the top of the carbonization furnace, hot air flows enter from the bottom of the carbonization furnace, and a countercurrent reaction area is formed in the furnace; the reaction temperature at the bottom of the carbonization furnace is controlled to be 200-280 ℃, the pressure in the furnace is 1010-1200 mbar, the biomass charcoal fuel generated by the reaction is output from the bottom of the carbonization furnace, and the obtained biomass charcoal has high energy density and can be used as fuel. The above patent applications mainly make straw into solid fuel without involving co-treatment with sludge.
In addition, along with the rapid development of economy, the urban process of China is continuously accelerated, the sewage treatment scale of urban sewage treatment plants is continuously enlarged, the treatment efficiency is obviously improved, the yield of urban sludge is also rapidly increased, the pressure of urban sludge treatment is increased, and the yield of sludge in 2020 is expected to reach 6000 ten thousand tons. The sludge pyrolysis carbonization technology is developed along with the development and is closely focused by researchers, and viruses, parasitic organisms and toxic pollutants in the sludge can be removed, so that the biochar capable of being recycled is produced. The sludge pyrolysis carbonization process can well realize harmless and decrement of sludge, and solidify heavy metals to a certain extent. Sludge biochar can be used for soil improvement because it is advantageous for soil moisture enrichment and microorganism growth, and it has solidifying effect on heavy metals such as Cd, zn, cu, pb, ni, as. At present, because the heat value of the sludge is low and the content of pollutants such as heavy metals is complex, the focus of the research on pyrolysis and carbonization of the sludge is still focused on the aspects of reducing the cost of sludge treatment, reducing the energy consumption, realizing the large-scale and safe utilization of products and the like.
There have also been some patent literature reports on the combined treatment of straw and sludge. For example, CN108178484a discloses a method for biological predrying by combining sludge with straw powder, which comprises concentrating and dewatering sludge to a water content of 75-85%, adding straw powder growing beneficial microorganism strains, and predrying by consuming heat generated by organic matters in the sludge by microorganisms. However, the method mainly adopts a mode of adding beneficial microorganism strains into the straw for fermentation to dry and dehydrate the sludge, and has lower efficiency.
CN108587719a discloses a method for producing environment-friendly recycled coal by using garbage, straw and sludge, which comprises mixing pretreated garbage, pretreated straw and pretreated sludge in a mixer according to a proportion to obtain recycled coal, and placing the recycled coal into a recycled coal forming machine to prepare environment-friendly recycled coal as fuel. CN106635226a discloses a method for producing fuel blocks by compression molding after mixing straw and sludge and inert additives by using sludge and straw as processing raw materials, wherein the obtained fuel blocks have uniform heat value and are easy to convey, a large amount of chemical incomplete combustion heat loss and smoke exhaust heat loss can be reduced, the combustion speed is uniform and moderate, the combustion is relatively stable, and the heat value of the combustion of the sludge and straw is improved. CN102703155a discloses a biomass fuel based on sludge-straw-raw coal and a preparation method thereof, the method comprises adding raw limestone into dehydrated sludge after application by adopting aluminum salt coagulant, wherein the raw limestone accounts for 1-3% of the mass of the sludge; mixing the sludge and the straw, and carrying out aerobic composting; mixing raw coal with the sludge-straw mixture, and performing compression molding to obtain the biomass fuel. However, although the above method discloses that the sludge and the straw can be mixed to prepare the biofuel, the treatment process is complicated, and inorganic additives are required to be added, so that the cost is high.
CN104003384a discloses a method for preparing activated carbon by mixing reed straw with activated sludge, the method comprises activating a sludge straw mixed sample with potassium hydroxide with a certain concentration, centrifuging the sludge straw mixture after activation, drying a solid sample obtained after centrifugation in a vacuum drying oven, pyrolyzing the dried sludge straw mixture with nitrogen as a shielding gas, cooling, soaking the obtained crude activated carbon sample with hydrochloric acid, washing with distilled water, and finally drying to obtain the activated carbon. CN108975330a discloses a method for preparing activated carbon by using straw and sludge, which comprises the steps of drying and crushing the sludge to obtain sludge particles; crushing and drying the straw to obtain straw powder; then mixing the sludge particles with straw powder to obtain a mixture; then, the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose is dissolved in water to obtain an aqueous solution; adding the aqueous solution into the mixture, stirring and granulating to obtain particles with sludge particles and straw powder combined, carbonizing to obtain carbonized materials, pickling and washing the carbonized materials, and drying to obtain the activated carbon. However, although the method can mix the sludge and the straw to prepare the activated carbon, the method has high environmental protection requirement and high cost and cannot be widely applied because the inorganic matter content in the sludge is low and carbonization and chemical activation processes are needed.
CN103540331a discloses a method for combining municipal sludge and crop straw for carbon fixation, which is a simple method for fixing carbon with high efficiency and low consumption based on the property complementation of sludge and straw, and the method is provided, wherein the mixture of sludge and straw is carbonized at medium temperature under the anaerobic condition until no gas is generated in the reaction, the product is cooled, and the unstable carbon element in the raw material is basically converted into the stable carbon element in the biological carbon of the product. According to the method, the straw and the sludge are mixed and then are combined for carbon fixation, so that the energy released by the straw can be utilized to make up the energy shortage when the sludge is carbonized and carbon-fixed independently, and the self-balance of the energy is realized. However, although the method can mix, pyrolyze and carbonize the straw and the sludge, the sludge and the straw are simply mixed, the straw pyrolytic carbon is not used as a sludge dehydration conditioner, and the energy cascade of the pyrolysis process of the sludge and the straw is not realized.
The problems of high energy consumption, high ash content, low porosity, high cost and the like in the production process of preparing the biochar by pyrolyzing the sludge limit the further popularization and application of the sludge pyrolytic carbon technology, and particularly the water content of the sludge is required to reach 60% or even below 50%, so that breakthrough is required in the sludge conditioning technology and the sludge squeezing technology. The technology of pressing sludge is developed in plate-and-frame filter presses, such as high-pressure diaphragm plate-and-frame filter presses, high-pressure full-steel plate-and-frame filter presses, elastic filter presses and the like. The sludge conditioning mainly comprises two types of technologies: the method is characterized in that ferric trichloride and lime are used as conditioning agents, and the addition amount of the conditioning agents is about 30% of the dry weight of the sludge; the other is an inorganic conditioner which takes a sludge curing agent as a main component, and the addition amount of the inorganic conditioner is 5-20% of the dry weight of the sludge. These sludge conditioning methods reduce the water content of the sludge (i.e., reduce the volume) and increase the weight of the sludge due to the addition of chemicals. In addition, the added inorganic salt substances reduce the heat value of the sludge, are not beneficial to heat incineration utilization, enlarge iron aluminum salts in the sludge and are not beneficial to land utilization. Therefore, the premise of realizing the industrialization of the efficient sludge treatment technology is to solve the problems in the existing sludge dewatering and pyrolysis carbonization production process, so that the sludge dewatering technology is developed towards the directions of reducing the sludge dewatering cost, improving the biochar performance index, expanding the application range, reducing the environmental pollution and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In the current research and application, the sludge and the straw are subjected to pyrolysis treatment separately, and the complementation of 'resources' and 'energy' is realized by the combined treatment of the sludge and the straw. The invention aims to solve the problem of the lack of the existing sludge and straw recycling treatment technology and device, and provides a device and a method for cooperatively treating straw and sludge so as to realize the cooperative treatment of multiple organic solid wastes to the greatest extent.
The inventor of the invention has found after intensive research that crop straws are introduced into the field of sludge treatment, and straw pyrolytic carbon is used for dehydration and tempering of sludge, so that the dehydration efficiency can be improved, the pore and surface functional groups of the sludge activated carbon can be regulated and controlled, and heavy metals can be solidified, thereby greatly improving the performance index of the modified sludge biochar, remarkably reducing the treatment cost of the sludge and the straws, and enhancing the market competitiveness. Based on this, the present invention has been completed.
Specifically, the invention provides a device for cooperatively treating straw and sludge, wherein the device comprises a crushing device, a No. 2 drying and dehydrating device, a No. 2 pyrolysis device, a No. 2 cooling device, a mixing tempering device, a filter pressing device, a No. 1 drying and dehydrating device, a No. 1 pyrolysis device, a No. 1 cooling device, a sewage treatment device, a No. 1 combustion chamber, a No. 2 combustion chamber and a No. 3 combustion chamber; the outlet of the crushing device is communicated with the inlet of the No. 2 drying and dehydrating device through a No. 5 conveying device, the solid phase outlet of the No. 2 drying and dehydrating device is communicated with the inlet of the No. 2 pyrolysis device through a No. 6 conveying device, the solid phase outlet of the No. 2 pyrolysis device is communicated with the No. 2 cooling device, the outlet of the No. 2 cooling device is communicated with the inlet of the mixing tempering device through a No. 7 conveying device, the outlet of the mixing tempering device is communicated with the inlet of the filter pressing device, the solid phase outlet of the filter pressing device is communicated with the inlet of the No. 1 drying and dehydrating device through a No. 2 conveying device and the liquid phase outlet is communicated with the inlet of the sewage treatment device, the solid phase outlet of the No. 1 drying and dehydrating device is communicated with the inlet of the No. 1 pyrolysis device through a No. 3 conveying device, the solid phase outlet of the No. 1 pyrolysis device is communicated with the inlet of the No. 1 cooling device, the flue gas outlet of the No. 1 drying and dehydrating device and the flue gas outlet of the No. 1 pyrolysis device are communicated with the fuel inlet of the No. 2 drying and dehydrating device, the gas outlet of the No. 2 pyrolysis device is communicated with the gas inlets of the No. 1 combustion chamber, the No. 2 combustion chamber and the No. 3 combustion chamber respectively, the energy generated by the combustion of the No. 1 combustion chamber is used for the No. 1 drying and dehydrating device, the energy generated by the combustion of the No. 2 combustion chamber is used for the No. 2 pyrolysis device.
Furthermore, the device for cooperatively treating the straw and the sludge also comprises a sludge storage bin, wherein an outlet of the sludge storage bin is communicated with an inlet of the mixing tempering device through a No. 1 conveying device; and/or, the device also comprises a No. 1 condensing device, wherein a water vapor outlet of the No. 1 drying and dehydrating device is communicated with an inlet of the No. 1 condensing device, a liquid outlet of the No. 1 condensing device is communicated with an inlet of the sewage treatment device, and a gas outlet of the No. 1 condensing device is communicated with an inlet of the No. 1 combustion chamber through a No. 1 fan; and/or, the device further comprises a No. 2 condensing device, an exhaust gas purifying device and a chimney, wherein a flue gas outlet of the No. 2 drying and dehydrating device is communicated with an inlet of the No. 2 condensing device, an outlet of the No. 2 condensing device is communicated with an inlet of the exhaust gas purifying device through a No. 2 fan, and an outlet of the exhaust gas purifying device is communicated with an inlet of the chimney; and/or, further comprise a finished product warehouse, wherein the outlet of the No. 1 cooling device is communicated with the inlet of the finished product warehouse through a No. 4 conveying device.
Further, the sludge storage bin is a common steel bin or a concrete sludge storage pool.
Further, the mixing tempering device is a solid-liquid mixing tank with a stirring device.
Further, the filter pressing device is a plate-and-frame filter press or a belt filter press.
Further, the No. 1 drying and dehydrating device is a roller drying device, a belt drying device or a disc drying device.
Further, the # 1 pyrolysis device and the # 2 pyrolysis device are both drum-type indirect pyrolysis furnaces.
Further, the cooling device # 1 and the cooling device # 2 are each independently a drum-type indirect cooling device or a spiral indirect cooling device.
Further, the finished product warehouse is a common steel warehouse or a concrete warehouse.
Further, the water treatment device is a common sewage treatment device.
Further, the No. 1 condensing device and the No. 2 condensing device are respectively and independently a tube type indirect cooling device or a direct spray cooling device.
Further, the 1# fan and the 2# fan are respectively and independently a centrifugal fan or an axial flow fan.
Further, the crushing device is a shear crusher.
The No. 2 drying and dehydrating device is drum-type drying equipment, fluidized drying equipment or belt-type drying equipment, and the drying mode is direct contact type drying.
Further, each of the # 1 combustion chamber, the # 2 combustion chamber and the # 3 combustion chamber is independently a natural gas incinerator or a gas incinerator.
Further, the tail gas purifying device is a dry flue gas purifying device or a wet flue gas purifying device.
Further, the chimney is a steel chimney, a brick-concrete structure chimney or a concrete chimney.
Further, the No. 1 conveying device is a common slurry pump.
Further, the 2# conveyor, the 3# conveyor, the 4# conveyor, the 5# conveyor, the 6# conveyor and the 7# conveyor are each independently a large-inclination belt conveyor, a scraper conveyor, a bucket elevator, a screw conveyor or a pneumatic conveyor.
The invention also provides a method for cooperatively treating the straw and the sludge, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing and drying the straw in sequence to control the granularity of the straw to be below 3cm and the water content to be below 1wt%, performing anaerobic pyrolysis on the obtained dry crushed straw, and cooling to obtain straw pyrolytic carbon;
(2) Mixing and tempering the straw pyrolytic carbon and the sludge, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation on the obtained mixed and tempered product to obtain a sludge solid phase and a sludge liquid phase; drying and dehydrating the sludge solid phase, performing anaerobic pyrolysis, and cooling to obtain modified sludge pyrolytic carbon; the liquid phase is treated with sewage to ensure that the sewage is discharged after reaching the standard;
(3) And burning pyrolysis gas generated by the dry and broken straw anaerobic pyrolysis to be used as energy sources for straw anaerobic pyrolysis, sludge solid phase drying and dehydration and sludge solid phase anaerobic pyrolysis, and taking flue gas generated by the sludge solid phase drying and dehydration and anaerobic pyrolysis as energy sources for straw drying to realize energy cascade utilization.
Further, the straw is rice straw and/or corn straw.
In the step (1), the dry crushed straw is subjected to anaerobic pyrolysis in an anaerobic indirect heating pyrolysis mode, wherein the pyrolysis temperature is 250-400 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 5-20 min.
Further, the sludge is wet sludge of a living sewage treatment plant, and the water content is more than 85 wt%.
Further, in the step (2), the mixing proportion of the straw pyrolytic carbon and the sludge is (20-40) wt% (60-80).
In the step (2), the temperature for drying and dehydrating the sludge solid phase is 80-120 ℃.
In the step (2), the anaerobic pyrolysis is performed on the sludge solid phase in an anaerobic indirect heating pyrolysis mode, wherein the pyrolysis temperature is 400-700 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 15-60 min.
Furthermore, the method for the co-processing of the straw and the sludge is carried out in the device for the co-processing of the straw and the sludge.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) Crop straws are introduced into the field of sludge treatment, the crop straw pyrolytic carbon is fully used for sludge dehydration tempering, the dehydration efficiency is improved, the pore and surface functional groups of the sludge activated carbon are regulated and controlled, and heavy metals are solidified, so that the performance index of the modified sludge biochar is greatly improved, the treatment cost of the sludge and the straw can be remarkably reduced, and the market competitiveness is enhanced.
(2) On one hand, the environment problems of haze and the like generated by simply burning the crop straws are avoided, and meanwhile, the problem that the energy cannot be reasonably and effectively utilized by the existing straw alone carbonization treatment is solved.
(3) The advantages of high carbon content and high heat value of the straw are fully exerted, pyrolysis gas generated in the straw anaerobic pyrolysis process is combusted and then used as energy sources for straw anaerobic pyrolysis, solid phase drying and solid phase anaerobic pyrolysis, and flue gas generated in the solid phase drying dehydration and anaerobic pyrolysis is used as energy sources for straw drying, so that the self-supply and high-efficiency utilization of system energy sources are realized, the energy source supply problem of the whole process of the process is thoroughly realized, the clean production and circular economy concepts are fully embodied, and the energy conservation and cost reduction benefits are remarkable.
(4) The modified sludge pyrolytic carbon obtained by the method provided by the invention can be used for improving the soil performance, and simultaneously realizes the aims of returning straw to the field and recycling sludge, and fully embodies the concept of circular economy.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the following brief description will be made on the accompanying drawings, which are given by way of illustration only and not limitation of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic connection diagram of a device for co-processing straw and sludge provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a process flow chart of a method for co-processing straw and sludge provided by the invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1-sludge storage bin, 2-1# conveying device, 3-mixing tempering device, 4-filter pressing device, 5-2# conveying device, 6-1# drying dehydration device, 7-3# conveying device, 8-1# pyrolysis device, 9-1# cooling device, 10-4# conveying device, 11-finished product storage bin, 12-sewage treatment device, 13-1# condensing device, 14-1# fan, 15-crushing device, 16-5# conveying device, 17-2# drying dehydration device, 18-6# conveying device, 19-2# pyrolysis device, 20-2# cooling device, 21-7# conveying device, 22-1# combustion chamber, 23-2# combustion chamber, 24-3# combustion chamber, 25-2# condensing device, 26-2# fan, 27-tail gas purification device and 28-chimney.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below.
The straw is mainly composed of C, H, O, is one of ideal raw materials for preparing the biochar material, is pyrolyzed after being mixed, quenched and dewatered by introducing straw pyrolytic carbon and sludge, not only can solve the problem of energy source shortage in the process of preparing the biochar by the pyrolysis of the sludge, but also can improve the quality of the sludge biochar, further deeply solidify heavy metals, and realize straw returning and sludge recycling through complementary advantages, thereby having good application prospect.
As shown in fig. 1, the device for cooperatively treating the straw and the sludge provided by the invention comprises a crushing device 15, a # 2 drying and dehydrating device 17, a # 2 pyrolysis device 19, a # 2 cooling device 20, a mixing tempering device 3, a filter pressing device 4, a # 1 drying and dehydrating device 6, a # 1 pyrolysis device 8, a # 1 cooling device 9, a sewage treatment device 12, a # 1 combustion chamber 22, a # 2 combustion chamber 23 and a # 3 combustion chamber 24; the outlet of the crushing device 15 is communicated with the inlet of the 2# drying and dehydrating device 17 through a 5# conveying device 16, the solid phase outlet of the 2# drying and dehydrating device 17 is communicated with the inlet of the 2# pyrolysis device 19 through a 6# conveying device 18, the solid phase outlet of the 2# pyrolysis device 19 is communicated with the inlet of the 2# cooling device 20, the outlet of the 2# cooling device 20 is communicated with the inlet of the mixing and tempering device 3 through a 7# conveying device 21, the outlet of the mixing and tempering device 3 is communicated with the inlet of the filter pressing device 4, the solid phase outlet of the filter pressing device 4 is communicated with the inlet of the 1# drying and dehydrating device 6 through a 2# conveying device 5, the liquid phase outlet is communicated with the inlet of the sewage treatment device 12, the solid phase outlet of the 1# drying and dehydrating device 6 is communicated with the inlet of the 1# pyrolysis device 8 through a 3# conveying device 7, the solid phase outlet of the 1# pyrolysis device 8 is communicated with the inlet of the 1# cooling device 9, the flue gas outlet of the 1# drying and dehydrating device 6 and the flue gas outlet of the 1# pyrolysis device 8 are both communicated with the fuel inlet of the 2# drying and dehydrating device 17, the flue gas outlet of the 1# drying and dehydrating device 19 is communicated with the combustion chamber 2# combustion chamber 23, and the combustion chamber 23 is respectively generated in the combustion chamber 2# combustion chamber 23, and the combustion chamber 23 is provided with the combustion chamber 23, and the combustion chamber 23 is used for the combustion chamber 2# combustion chamber 23.
Furthermore, the device for cooperatively treating the straw and the sludge also comprises a sludge storage bin 1, wherein an outlet of the sludge storage bin 1 is communicated with an inlet of the mixing tempering device 3 through a No. 1 conveying device 2; and/or, the device also comprises a No. 1 condensing device 13, a water vapor outlet of the No. 1 drying and dehydrating device 6 is communicated with an inlet of the No. 1 condensing device 13, a liquid outlet of the No. 1 condensing device 13 is communicated with an inlet of the sewage treatment device 12, and a gas outlet is communicated with an inlet of the No. 1 combustion chamber 22 through a No. 1 fan 14; and/or, the device further comprises a No. 2 condensing device 25, an exhaust gas purifying device 27 and a chimney 28, wherein the exhaust gas outlet of the No. 2 drying and dehydrating device 17 is communicated with the inlet of the No. 2 condensing device 25, the outlet of the No. 2 condensing device 25 is communicated with the inlet of the exhaust gas purifying device 27 through a No. 2 fan 26, and the outlet of the exhaust gas purifying device 27 is communicated with the inlet of the chimney 28; and/or, still include finished product warehouse 11, the export of No. 1 cooling device 9 is connected with the finished product warehouse 11 entry through No. 4 conveyor 10.
In the invention, a pyrolysis gas outlet of the No. 2 pyrolysis device 19 is respectively communicated with a gas inlet of a No. 1 combustion chamber 22, a No. 2 combustion chamber 23 and a No. 3 combustion chamber 24; the energy generated by the combustion of the No. 1 combustion chamber 22, the No. 2 combustion chamber 23 and the No. 3 combustion chamber 24 is respectively used for the No. 1 drying and dewatering device 6, the No. 1 pyrolysis device 8 and the No. 2 pyrolysis device 19; the flue gas generated by the No. 1 drying and dehydrating device 6 and the No. 1 pyrolysis device 8 is led into the No. 2 drying and dehydrating device 17 after being collected.
When the device works, after the straws are crushed by the crushing device 15, the straws are conveyed into the No. 2 drying and dehydrating device 17 by the No. 5 conveying device 16 to be directly dried; the flue gas generated by the No. 2 drying and dehydrating device 17 is condensed and cooled in the No. 2 condensing device 25, and the water is recovered; meanwhile, the condensed flue gas is conveyed into a tail gas purifying device 27 through a No. 2 fan 26 for tail gas purifying treatment, and purified flue gas tail gas reaching standards is discharged through a chimney 28. The dried straw is conveyed into a No. 2 pyrolysis device 19 by a No. 6 conveying device 18 for anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization, and the obtained straw pyrolytic carbon is cooled by a No. 2 cooling device 20; the cooled straw pyrolytic carbon is conveyed into the mixing tempering device 3 by the No. 7 conveying device 21 for tempering and dewatering of the sludge. The sludge in the sludge storage bin 1 is conveyed into a mixing tempering device 3 by a No. 1 conveying device 2, mixed and tempered with the straw pyrolytic carbon conveyed into the No. 7 conveying device 21, and then enters a filter pressing device 4 for filter pressing; the liquid obtained by filter pressing enters a sewage treatment device 12 for treatment and then is discharged after reaching the standard; the solid obtained by filter pressing is input into a No. 1 drying and dehydrating device 6 by a No. 2 conveying device 5 for indirect drying and dehydrating treatment; the water vapor generated by indirect drying and dehydration enters a No. 1 condensing device 13, condensed water enters a sewage treatment device 12 for treatment and then is discharged after reaching standards, and noncondensable gas is conveyed into a No. 1 combustion chamber 22 through a No. 1 fan 14 to be used as combustion supplementary air, so that deodorization treatment is realized; and the dried and dehydrated mud cakes are conveyed into a No. 1 pyrolysis device 8 by a No. 3 conveying device 7 to be subjected to pyrolysis treatment, the obtained high-temperature sludge pyrolytic carbon is conveyed into a No. 1 cooling device 9 to be cooled, and the obtained cooled sludge pyrolytic carbon is conveyed into a finished product storage bin 11 by a No. 4 conveying device 10 to be stored for recycling utilization of subsequent soil improvement and the like. A part of high-quality pyrolysis gas generated by straw pyrolysis in the No. 2 pyrolysis device 19 is combusted in the No. 3 combustion chamber 24 and then is used for anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization of the straw in the No. 2 pyrolysis device 19; and one part of the rich pyrolysis gas is combusted in the No. 1 combustion chamber 22 and then is used for indirectly drying the sludge of the No. 1 drying and dehydrating device 6, and the other part of the rich pyrolysis gas enters the No. 2 combustion chamber 23 to be combusted for supplementing energy for the pyrolysis of the sludge of the No. 1 pyrolysis device 8, so that the problem of energy shortage in the sludge treatment process is solved. The No. 1 drying and dehydrating device 6 and the No. 1 pyrolysis device 8 are both indirectly heated by flue gas, and generated flue gas tail gas is sent into the No. 2 drying and dehydrating device 17 to be used for directly drying straws, so that on one hand, the further recycling of waste heat and residual energy is realized, and on the other hand, the special adsorption and purification capacity of straw biomass is utilized, so that the primary purification treatment of the flue gas is realized.
From the matter circulation: the straw pyrolytic carbon produced by the straw through drying and pyrolysis is used as a conditioner for sludge dehydration, and is converted into high-quality sludge biochar through the procedures of drying, dehydration, pyrolysis and carbonization, so that on one hand, the carbon content in the sludge biochar is improved, and the porosity is improved; on the other hand, the heavy metal in the sludge is further solidified, and the heavy metal content in the sludge biochar is obviously reduced. The sludge biochar can be used as a soil conditioner, so that the straw and sludge can be utilized in a co-resource manner. From the energy perspective: the straw heat value is high, besides the pyrolysis gas can be used for straw self pyrolysis, one part of the rich pyrolysis gas is used for indirectly drying the sludge, and the other part of the rich pyrolysis gas is used for supplementing energy for sludge pyrolysis, so that the problem of energy shortage in the sludge treatment process is solved, and the sludge treatment cost is obviously reduced. Meanwhile, the flue gas tail gas is used as an energy medium for drying and dehydrating the straws, so that on one hand, the further resource utilization of the waste heat and the residual energy is realized, and on the other hand, the special adsorption and purification capacity of the straw biomass is utilized, the primary purification treatment of the flue gas is realized, and the energy-saving and environment-friendly concepts are fully embodied.
In the invention, the sludge storage bin 1 can be a common steel bin or a concrete sludge storage pool.
In the present invention, the mixing and tempering device 3 may be a solid-liquid mixing tank with a stirring device.
In the present invention, the filter press device 4 may be a plate-and-frame filter press or a belt filter press.
In the present invention, the # 1 drying and dehydrating device 6 may be a drum drying apparatus, a belt drying apparatus, or a disc drying apparatus.
In the present invention, the # 1 pyrolysis device 8 and the # 2 pyrolysis device 19 may be drum-type indirect pyrolysis furnaces.
In the present invention, the cooling device No. 19 and the cooling device No. 2 20 may be a drum-type indirect cooling apparatus or a screw-type indirect cooling apparatus, respectively.
In the present invention, the finished storage bin 11 may be a general steel bin or a concrete bin.
In the present invention, the water treatment apparatus 12 may be a general sewage treatment apparatus.
In the present invention, the # 1 condensing unit 13 and the # 2 condensing unit 25 may be a tube type indirect cooling unit or a direct spray cooling unit, respectively.
In the present invention, the 1# fan 14 and the 2# fan 26 may each be a centrifugal fan or an axial flow fan independently.
In the present invention, the crushing device 15 may be a shear crusher.
In the present invention, the # 2 drying and dehydrating device 17 may be a drum type drying apparatus, a fluidized type drying apparatus or a belt type drying apparatus, and the drying mode is direct contact type drying.
In the present invention, the 1 st combustion chamber 22, the 2 nd combustion chamber 23 and the 3 rd combustion chamber 24 may each be a natural gas incinerator or a gas incinerator independently.
In the present invention, the exhaust gas purifying device 27 may be a dry or wet flue gas purifying device.
In the present invention, the chimney 28 may be a steel chimney, a brick-and-mortar structure chimney, or a concrete chimney.
In the present invention, the # 1 conveying device 2 may be a general slurry pump.
In the present invention, the 2# conveyor 5, 3# conveyor 7, 4# conveyor 10, 5# conveyor 16, 6# conveyor 18, and 7# conveyor 21 may each be independently a large-inclination belt conveyor, a scraper conveyor, a bucket elevator, a screw conveyor, or a pneumatic conveyor.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for co-processing straw and sludge provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing and drying the straw in sequence to control the granularity of the straw to be below 3cm and the water content to be below 1wt%, performing anaerobic pyrolysis on the obtained dry crushed straw, and cooling to obtain straw pyrolytic carbon;
(2) Mixing and tempering the straw pyrolytic carbon and the sludge, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation on the obtained mixed and tempered product in a mechanical filter pressing mode to obtain a sludge solid phase and a sludge liquid phase; the sludge solid phase is subjected to anaerobic pyrolysis after being dried and dehydrated, and is cooled to obtain modified sludge pyrolytic carbon which can be used as a soil conditioner; the liquid phase is treated by sewage through a sewage treatment device so as to enable the liquid phase to reach the discharge standard;
(3) And burning pyrolysis gas generated by the dry and broken straw anaerobic pyrolysis to serve as energy for straw anaerobic pyrolysis, sludge solid phase drying and dehydration and sludge solid phase anaerobic pyrolysis, and taking flue gas generated by the sludge solid phase drying and dehydration and anaerobic pyrolysis as energy for straw drying (the flue gas is discharged after being condensed and tail gas purified to reach the standard), so that energy cascade utilization is realized.
In the invention, the straw can be rice straw, corn straw or a mixture of the rice straw and the corn straw. Before the straw is subjected to anaerobic pyrolysis, it is required to crush and dry it to control its particle size below 3cm and its moisture content below 1 wt%. Wherein the particles obtained after crushing the straw are generally irregular, and the term "particle size" refers to the maximum distance between any two points in the straw particles. The drying mode is preferably flue gas direct drying, and the drying temperature can be 80-180 ℃. The mode of carrying out anaerobic pyrolysis on the dry crushed straws is preferably anaerobic indirect heating pyrolysis, the pyrolysis temperature is preferably 250-400 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is preferably 5-20 min.
The source of the sludge is not particularly limited, and for example, wet sludge from a domestic sewage treatment plant may be used. The water content of the sludge is preferably 85wt% or more.
In the mixing tempering process, the mixing proportion of the straw pyrolytic carbon and the sludge is preferably (20-40) wt% (60-80) wt%. The straw pyrolytic carbon can reduce electrostatic repulsion and hydration among sludge particles, form a permeable and firm lattice structure in the process of mixing and dehydrating with sludge, realize quick cell wall breaking in the sludge hydrothermal process, quickly release capillary water, adsorbed water and internal water, greatly reduce the solid-phase viscosity of the sludge, and greatly improve the dehydration property, thereby ensuring the permeability of a filtering phase in the subsequent dehydration process, improving the dehydration efficiency of a solid-liquid separation stage, and obviously improving the drying efficiency of dehydrated sludge.
In the present invention, in the step (2), the temperature of drying and dehydrating the sludge solid phase may be 80 to 120 ℃ for a time to control the water content in the dried and dehydrated product to be 1wt% or less. The anaerobic pyrolysis mode of the sludge solid phase is preferably anaerobic indirect heating pyrolysis, the pyrolysis temperature is preferably 400-700 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is preferably 15-60 min. In addition, the combustible gas generated by pyrolysis after drying and dehydration of the solid phase can be used as self-pyrolysis energy (the combustible gas similar to natural gas component is generated by indirect pyrolysis of sludge and can be used as self-pyrolysis energy after combustion, and the same is true for straw pyrolysis, but the straw pyrolysis gas has higher heat value and high yield, so that one part of the straw pyrolysis gas is used by self-pyrolysis, and the other part of the straw pyrolysis gas can be used by self-pyrolysis), so that the energy can be cooperatively utilized (the pyrolysis gas generated by the sludge pyrolysis is insufficient to 100% of the energy required by self-pyrolysis after combustion).
The device and the method provided by the invention can not only completely avoid the problem of environmental pollution caused by the straw and the sludge, but also solve the problem of resource waste caused by the current landfill and the incineration of the straw, and simultaneously realize the complementary advantages of the harmless treatment process of the straw and the sludge, realize the recycling of 100% of resources and the self supply of 100% of energy, and have good economic benefit and environmental benefit.
The present invention will be described in detail by examples.
In the following examples and comparative examples, "%" refers to weight percent, unless explicitly stated otherwise.
Example 1
A device for cooperatively treating straw and sludge comprises a sludge storage bin 1, a 1# conveying device 2, a mixing tempering device 3, a filter pressing device 4, a 2# conveying device 5, a 1# drying and dehydrating device 6, a 3# conveying device 7, a 1# pyrolysis device 8, a 1# cooling device 9, a 4# conveying device 10, a finished product storage bin 11, a sewage treatment device 12, a 1# condensing device 13, a 1# fan 14, a crushing device 15, a 5# conveying device 16, a 2# drying and dehydrating device 17, a 6# conveying device 18, a 2# pyrolysis device 19, a 2# cooling device 20, a 7# conveying device 21, a 1# combustion chamber 22, a 2# combustion chamber 23, a 3# combustion chamber 24, a 2# condensing device 25, a 2# fan 26, a tail gas purifying device 27 and a chimney 28.
When the device works, the sludge in the sludge warehouse 1 is conveyed into the mixing tempering device 3 by the No. 1 conveying device 2, mixed and tempered with the straw pyrolytic carbon conveyed into the No. 7 conveying device 21, and then enters the filter pressing device 4 for filter pressing; the liquid obtained by filter pressing enters a sewage treatment device 12 for treatment and then is discharged after reaching the standard; the solid obtained by filter pressing is input into a No. 1 drying and dehydrating device 6 by a No. 2 conveying device 5 for indirect drying and dehydrating treatment; the water vapor generated by indirect drying and dehydration enters a No. 1 condensing device 13, condensed water enters a sewage treatment device 12 for treatment and then is discharged after reaching standards, and noncondensable gas is conveyed into a No. 1 combustion chamber 22 through a No. 1 fan 14 to be used as combustion supplementary air, so that deodorization treatment is realized; and the dried and dehydrated mud cakes are conveyed into a No. 1 pyrolysis device 8 by a No. 3 conveying device 7 to be subjected to pyrolysis treatment, the obtained high-temperature sludge pyrolytic carbon is conveyed into a No. 1 cooling device 9 to be cooled, and the obtained cooled sludge pyrolytic carbon is conveyed into a finished product storage bin 11 by a No. 4 conveying device 10 to be stored for recycling utilization of subsequent soil improvement and the like.
After being crushed by the crushing device 15, the straw is conveyed into the No. 2 drying and dehydrating device 17 by the No. 5 conveying device 16 for direct drying treatment of the smoke; the flue gas generated by the No. 2 drying and dehydrating device 17 is condensed and cooled in the No. 2 condensing device 25, and water is recovered; meanwhile, the condensed flue gas is conveyed into a tail gas purifying device 27 through a No. 2 fan 26 for tail gas purifying treatment, and purified flue gas tail gas reaching standards is discharged through a chimney 28. The dried straw is conveyed into a No. 2 pyrolysis device 19 by a No. 6 conveying device 18 for anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization, and the obtained straw pyrolytic carbon is cooled by a No. 2 cooling device 20; the cooled straw pyrolytic carbon is conveyed into a mixing tempering device 3 by a No. 7 conveying device 21 for tempering and dewatering of sludge.
Part of high-quality pyrolysis gas generated by straw pyrolysis in the No. 2 pyrolysis device 19 is combusted in the No. 3 combustion chamber 24 and then is used for anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization of the straw in the No. 2 pyrolysis device 19; and one part of the rich pyrolysis gas is combusted in the No. 1 combustion chamber 22 and then is used for indirectly drying the sludge of the No. 1 drying and dehydrating device 6, and the other part of the rich pyrolysis gas enters the No. 2 combustion chamber 23 to be combusted for supplementing energy for the pyrolysis of the sludge of the No. 1 pyrolysis device 8, so that the problem of energy shortage in the sludge treatment process is solved. The No. 1 drying and dehydrating device 6 and the No. 1 pyrolysis device 8 are both indirectly heated by flue gas, and the generated flue gas tail gas is sent to the No. 2 drying and dehydrating device 17 for directly drying the straws, so that on one hand, the further resource utilization of waste heat and residual energy is realized, and on the other hand, the special adsorption and purification capacity of straw biomass is utilized, so that the primary purification treatment of the flue gas is realized.
From the matter circulation: the straw pyrolytic carbon produced by the straw through drying and pyrolysis is used as a conditioner for sludge dehydration, and is converted into high-quality sludge biochar through the procedures of drying, dehydration and pyrolytic carbonization, so that on one hand, the carbon content in the sludge biochar is improved, and on the other hand, the porosity is improved, and on the other hand, the heavy metal in the sludge is further solidified, and the heavy metal risk of the sludge biochar is obviously reduced. The sludge biochar can be used as a soil conditioner, thereby realizing the co-resource utilization of the straw and the sludge.
From the energy perspective: the straw heat value is high, besides the pyrolysis gas can be used for straw self pyrolysis, one part of the rich pyrolysis gas is used for indirectly drying the sludge, and the other part of the rich pyrolysis gas is used for supplementing energy for sludge pyrolysis, so that the problem of energy shortage in the sludge treatment process is solved, and the sludge treatment cost is obviously reduced. Meanwhile, the flue gas tail gas is used as an energy medium for drying and dehydrating the straws, so that on one hand, the further resource utilization of the waste heat and the residual energy is realized, and on the other hand, the special adsorption and purification capacity of the straw biomass is utilized, the primary purification treatment of the flue gas is realized, and the energy-saving and environment-friendly concepts are fully embodied.
Example 2
(1) Crushing and drying rice straw in sequence to control the granularity below 3cm and the water content below 1wt%, performing anaerobic pyrolysis on the obtained dry crushed straw at 400 ℃ for 5min, and cooling to obtain straw pyrolytic carbon.
(2) Mixing and tempering the straw pyrolytic carbon and wet sludge of a domestic sewage treatment plant with the water content of 90wt% according to the proportion of 20wt% to 80wt%, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation on the obtained mixed and tempered product by adopting a mechanical filter pressing mode to obtain a sludge solid phase and a sludge liquid phase; the sludge solid phase is dried and dehydrated at 80 ℃ until the water content is 1wt%, then subjected to anaerobic pyrolysis at 400 ℃ for 60min, cooled to obtain modified sludge pyrolytic carbon which can be used as a soil conditioner The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The liquid phase is treated by sewage treatment by a sewage treatment system so as to lead the liquid phase to reach the discharge standard. Compared with the independent dehydration and pyrolysis of the sludge, the sludge dehydration efficiency is improved by 50%, and the performance index of the modified sludge pyrolytic carbon can be obviously improved, wherein the carbon content in the modified sludge pyrolytic carbon is increased by 23%, and the pH value is increased from 8.36 to 8.96; (N+P) 2 O 5 The +K content is increased by 18.6%, the pyrolytic carbon pore structure is obviously improved (see table 1), and the leaching concentration of typical heavy metal TCLP is obviously reduced (see table 2).
TABLE 1 pore structure analysis of pyrolytic carbon
| Sample of | BET specific surface area (m) 2 /g) | Total pore volume (cm) 3 /g) | Average pore diameter (nm) |
| Sludge independent dehydration pyrolysis | 44.7959 | 0.0822 | 7.3406 |
| Example 2 | 74.2685 | 0.0955 | 5.1440 |
TABLE 2 analysis of leaching concentration of heavy metals in sludge and pyrolytic carbon
a The threshold value is from USEPA 40CFR 261,1993ed; b ND-represents undetected, as follows.
(3) And burning pyrolysis gas generated by the dry and broken straw anaerobic pyrolysis to serve as energy for straw anaerobic pyrolysis, sludge solid phase drying and sludge solid phase anaerobic pyrolysis, and taking flue gas generated by the sludge solid phase drying dehydration and anaerobic pyrolysis as energy for straw drying (the flue gas is discharged after being condensed and tail gas purified to reach the standard), so that energy cascade utilization is realized.
Example 3
(1) Crushing and drying the corn straw in sequence to control the granularity of the corn straw to be below 3cm and the water content to be below 1wt%, performing anaerobic pyrolysis on the obtained dry crushed straw at 250 ℃ for 20min, and cooling to obtain straw pyrolytic carbon.
(2) Mixing and tempering the straw pyrolytic carbon and wet sludge of a domestic sewage treatment plant with the water content of 90wt% according to the proportion of 40wt% to 60wt%, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation on the obtained mixed and tempered product by adopting a mechanical filter pressing mode to obtain a sludge solid phase and a sludge liquid phase; the sludge solid phase is dried and dehydrated at 120 ℃ until the water content is 1wt%, and then subjected to anaerobic pyrolysis at 700 ℃ for 15min, and cooled to obtain modified sludge pyrolytic carbon which can be used as a soil conditioner; the liquid phase is treated by sewage treatment by a sewage treatment system so as to lead the liquid phase to reach the discharge standard. Compared with the independent dehydration and pyrolysis of the sludge, the sludge dehydration efficiency is improved by 70%, and the performance index of the pyrolytic carbon of the modified sludge can be obviously improved, wherein the carbon content in the pyrolytic carbon of the modified sludge is increased by 23%, and the pH value is increased from 8.36 to 8.93; (N+P) 2 O 5 The +K content is increased by 19.2%, the pyrolytic carbon pore structure is obviously improved (see table 3), and the leaching concentration of typical heavy metal TCLP is obviously reduced (see table 4).
TABLE 3 pore structure analysis of pyrolytic carbon
| Sample of | BET specific surface area (m) 2 /g) | Total pore volume (cm) 3 /g) | Average pore diameter (nm) |
| Sludge independent dehydration pyrolysis | 44.7959 | 0.0822 | 7.3406 |
| Example 3 | 77.354 | 0.0885 | 5.2867 |
TABLE 4 analysis of leaching concentration of heavy metals in sludge and pyrolytic carbon
(3) And burning pyrolysis gas generated by the dry and broken straw anaerobic pyrolysis to serve as energy for straw anaerobic pyrolysis, sludge solid phase drying and sludge solid phase anaerobic pyrolysis, and taking flue gas generated by the sludge solid phase drying dehydration and anaerobic pyrolysis as energy for straw drying (the flue gas is discharged after being condensed and tail gas purified to reach the standard), so that energy cascade utilization is realized.
Example 4
(1) Crushing and drying rice straw in sequence to control the granularity below 3cm and the water content below 1wt%, performing anaerobic pyrolysis on the obtained dry crushed straw at 320 ℃ for 15min, and cooling to obtain straw pyrolytic carbon.
(2) Mixing and tempering the straw pyrolytic carbon and wet sludge of a domestic sewage treatment plant with the water content of 85wt% according to the proportion of 30wt% to 70wt%, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation on the obtained mixed and tempered product by adopting a mechanical filter pressing mode to obtain a sludge solid phase and a sludge liquid phase; the sludge solid phase is dried and dehydrated at 100 ℃ until the water content is 1wt%, and then subjected to anaerobic pyrolysis at 550 ℃ for 35min, and cooled to obtain modified sludge pyrolytic carbon which can be used as a soil conditioner; the liquid phase is treated by sewage treatment by a sewage treatment system so as to lead the liquid phase to reach the discharge standard. Compared with the independent dehydration and pyrolysis of the sludge, the sludge dehydration efficiency is improved by 70%, and the performance index of the pyrolytic carbon of the modified sludge can be obviously improved, wherein the carbon content in the pyrolytic carbon of the modified sludge is increased by 23%, and the pH value is increased from 8.36 to 8.85; (N+P) 2 O 5 The +K) content is increased by 28%, the pyrolytic carbon pore structure is obviously improved (see table 5), and the leaching concentration of typical heavy metal TCLP is obviously reduced (see table 6).
TABLE 5 pore structure analysis of pyrolytic carbon
| Sample of | BET specific surface area (m) 2 /g) | Total pore volume (cm) 3 /g) | Average pore diameter (nm) |
| Sludge independent dehydration pyrolysis | 44.7959 | 0.0822 | 7.3406 |
| Example 4 | 117.2197 | 0.1168 | 3.9844 |
TABLE 6 analysis of leaching concentration of heavy metals in sludge and pyrolytic carbon
(3) And burning pyrolysis gas generated by the dry and broken straw anaerobic pyrolysis to serve as energy for straw anaerobic pyrolysis, sludge solid phase drying and sludge solid phase anaerobic pyrolysis, and taking flue gas generated by the sludge solid phase drying dehydration and anaerobic pyrolysis as energy for straw drying (the flue gas is discharged after being condensed and tail gas purified to reach the standard), so that energy cascade utilization is realized.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations may be made in the above embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The device for cooperatively treating the straw and the sludge is characterized by comprising a crushing device (15), a No. 2 drying and dehydrating device (17), a No. 2 pyrolysis device (19), a No. 2 cooling device (20), a mixing tempering device (3), a filter pressing device (4), a No. 1 drying and dehydrating device (6), a No. 1 pyrolysis device (8), a No. 1 cooling device (9), a sewage treatment device (12), a No. 1 combustion chamber (22), a No. 2 combustion chamber (23) and a No. 3 combustion chamber (24); the outlet of the crushing device (15) is communicated with the inlet of the 2# drying and dehydrating device (17) through a 5# conveying device (16), the solid phase outlet of the 2# drying and dehydrating device (17) is communicated with the inlet of the 2# pyrolysis device (19) through a 6# conveying device (18), the solid phase outlet of the 2# pyrolysis device (19) is communicated with the 2# cooling device (20), the outlet of the 2# cooling device (20) is communicated with the inlet of the mixing and tempering device (3) through a 7# conveying device (21), the outlet of the mixing and tempering device (3) is communicated with the inlet of the filter pressing device (4), the solid phase outlet of the filter pressing device (4) is communicated with the inlet of the 1# drying and dehydrating device (6) through a 2# conveying device (5) and the liquid phase outlet is communicated with the inlet of the sewage treatment device (12), the solid phase outlet of the 1# drying and dehydrating device (6) is communicated with the inlet of the 1# pyrolysis device (8) through a 3# conveying device (7), the solid phase outlet of the 1# pyrolysis device (8) is communicated with the inlet of the 1# cooling device (9), the flue gas outlet of the 1# drying and dehydrating device (6) and the flue gas outlet of the 1# pyrolysis device (8) are communicated with the fuel inlet of the 2# drying and dehydrating device (17), and the gas phase outlet of the 2# pyrolysis device (19) is respectively communicated with the inlet of the 1# combustion chamber (22), the gas inlets of the No. 2 combustion chamber (23) and the No. 3 combustion chamber (24) are communicated, energy generated by combustion of the No. 1 combustion chamber (22) is used for the No. 1 drying and dehydrating device (6), energy generated by combustion of the No. 2 combustion chamber (23) is used for the No. 1 pyrolysis device (8), and energy generated by combustion of the No. 3 combustion chamber (24) is used for the No. 2 pyrolysis device (19).
2. The device for the co-processing of the straws and the sludge according to claim 1, which is characterized by further comprising a sludge storage bin (1), wherein an outlet of the sludge storage bin (1) is communicated with an inlet of the mixing tempering device (3) through a No. 1 conveying device (2); and/or, the device also comprises a No. 1 condensing device (13), wherein a water vapor outlet of the No. 1 drying and dehydrating device (6) is communicated with an inlet of the No. 1 condensing device (13), a liquid outlet of the No. 1 condensing device (13) is communicated with an inlet of the sewage treatment device (12), and a gas outlet is communicated with an inlet of the No. 1 combustion chamber (22) through a No. 1 fan (14); and/or, the device further comprises a No. 2 condensing device (25), an exhaust gas purifying device (27) and a chimney (28), wherein a flue gas outlet of the No. 2 drying and dehydrating device (17) is communicated with an inlet of the No. 2 condensing device (25), an outlet of the No. 2 condensing device (25) is communicated with an inlet of the exhaust gas purifying device (27) through a No. 2 fan (26), and an outlet of the exhaust gas purifying device (27) is communicated with an inlet of the chimney (28); and/or, the device also comprises a finished product warehouse (11), wherein the outlet of the No. 1 cooling device (9) is communicated with the inlet of the finished product warehouse (11) through a No. 4 conveying device (10).
3. The apparatus for co-processing straw and sludge according to claim 2, wherein,
The sludge storage bin (1) is a common steel bin or a concrete sludge storage pool;
the mixing tempering device (3) is a solid-liquid mixing tank with a stirring device;
the filter pressing device (4) is a plate-and-frame filter press or a belt filter press;
the No. 1 drying and dehydrating device (6) is roller drying equipment, belt drying equipment or disc drying equipment;
the No. 1 pyrolysis device (8) and the No. 2 pyrolysis device (19) are roller type indirect pyrolysis furnaces;
the No. 1 cooling device (9) and the No. 2 cooling device (20) are respectively and independently drum-type indirect cooling equipment or spiral indirect cooling equipment;
the finished product storage bin (11) is a common steel bin or a concrete bin;
the sewage treatment device (12) is a common sewage treatment device;
the No. 1 condensing device (13) and the No. 2 condensing device (25) are respectively and independently a tube type indirect cooling device or a direct spray cooling device;
the No. 1 fan (14) and the No. 2 fan (26) are respectively and independently a centrifugal fan or an axial flow fan;
the crushing device (15) is a shear crusher;
the No. 2 drying and dehydrating device (17) is drum-type drying equipment, fluidized drying equipment or belt-type drying equipment, and the drying mode is direct contact type drying;
the No. 1 combustion chamber (22), the No. 2 combustion chamber (23) and the No. 3 combustion chamber (24) are respectively and independently a natural gas incinerator or a gas incinerator;
The tail gas purifying device (27) is a dry flue gas purifying device or a wet flue gas purifying device;
the chimney (28) is a steel chimney, a brick-concrete structure chimney or a concrete chimney;
the No. 1 conveying device (2) is a common slurry pump;
the No. 2 conveying device (5), the No. 3 conveying device (7), the No. 4 conveying device (10), the No. 5 conveying device (16), the No. 6 conveying device (18) and the No. 7 conveying device (21) are respectively and independently a large-inclination belt conveyor, a scraper conveyor, a bucket elevator, a screw conveyor or a pneumatic conveyor.
4. The method for cooperatively treating the straw and the sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Crushing and drying the straw in sequence to control the granularity of the straw to be below 3cm and the water content to be below 1wt%, performing anaerobic pyrolysis on the obtained dry crushed straw, and cooling to obtain straw pyrolytic carbon;
(2) Mixing and tempering the straw pyrolytic carbon and the sludge, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation on the obtained mixed and tempered product to obtain a sludge solid phase and a sludge liquid phase; drying and dehydrating the sludge solid phase, performing anaerobic pyrolysis, and cooling to obtain modified sludge pyrolytic carbon; the liquid phase is treated with sewage to ensure that the sewage is discharged after reaching the standard;
(3) And burning pyrolysis gas generated by the dry and broken straw anaerobic pyrolysis to be used as energy sources for straw anaerobic pyrolysis, sludge solid phase drying and dehydration and sludge solid phase anaerobic pyrolysis, and taking flue gas generated by the sludge solid phase drying and dehydration and anaerobic pyrolysis as energy sources for straw drying to realize energy cascade utilization.
5. The method for co-processing of straw and sludge according to claim 4, wherein the straw is rice straw and/or corn straw.
6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein in the step (1), the dry crushed straw is subjected to anaerobic pyrolysis in an anaerobic indirect heating pyrolysis at a pyrolysis temperature of 250-400 ℃ for 5-20 min.
7. The method for co-processing straw and sludge according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the sludge is wet sludge of a living sewage treatment plant, and the water content is more than 85 wt%.
8. The method for co-processing straw and sludge according to claim 4 or 5, wherein in the step (2), the mixing ratio of the straw pyrolytic carbon and the sludge is (20-40) wt% (60-80).
9. The method for co-processing straw and sludge according to claim 4 or 5, wherein in the step (2), the temperature for drying and dehydrating the sludge solid phase is 80-120 ℃; the anaerobic pyrolysis mode of the sludge solid phase is anaerobic indirect heating pyrolysis, the pyrolysis temperature is 400-700 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 15-60 min.
10. The method for co-processing straw and sludge according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the method is carried out in the apparatus for co-processing straw and sludge according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
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| CN110240386A (en) | 2019-09-17 |
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